
?專題24 語(yǔ)法填空之無(wú)提示詞
年份
2022年
2021年
卷區(qū)
新高考
全國(guó)卷
新高考
全國(guó)卷
I卷
II卷
乙卷
甲卷
I卷
II卷
乙卷
甲卷
體裁
說(shuō)明文
記敘文
說(shuō)明文
記敘文
說(shuō)明文
記敘文
說(shuō)明文
記敘文
主題
中國(guó)政府計(jì)劃建立大熊貓國(guó)家公園
正在修車的Henry拯救了小男孩的故事
中國(guó)商會(huì)博物館慶祝第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日
一名有視力障礙的北京男子徒步旅行“一路一帶”事情
介紹黃山的云海、溫泉及臺(tái)階
作者為了保護(hù)環(huán)境,減少使用塑料垃圾
介紹新興生態(tài)旅游的概念、起源及原則
介紹作者瀏覽西安長(zhǎng)城的活動(dòng)
有提示詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
2
2
4
3
0
2
2
2
名詞
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
形容詞
0
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
副詞
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
數(shù)詞
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
代詞
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
無(wú)提示詞
介詞
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
冠詞
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
連詞
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
其他詞
1(定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞)
1(特殊疑問(wèn)詞)
0
1(定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞)
1(主語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞)
1(定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞)
0
0
『命題專家談高考』
【考綱解讀】
語(yǔ)法填空旨在通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇測(cè)試考生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與技能,將語(yǔ)法考查提高到語(yǔ)篇層次,在完整、真實(shí)、綜合的語(yǔ)境中多角度考查考生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)理解篇章的能力。
語(yǔ)法填空考查形式分為有提示詞(7個(gè))和無(wú)提示詞(3個(gè))兩種形式。有提示詞多考查實(shí)詞(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和基本用法,如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、主謂一致;名詞的數(shù);形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)等。無(wú)提示詞多考查虛詞的用法,主要考查介詞、冠詞和連詞等。
【備考建議】
1.該題型以后會(huì)更加突出語(yǔ)篇,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用。因此,考生要及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,關(guān)注語(yǔ)法在語(yǔ)篇中的交際使用情況,將學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的關(guān)注點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到語(yǔ)言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用上來(lái)。
2.同時(shí),還要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)篇邏輯分析能力和精細(xì)閱讀能力的培養(yǎng),繼續(xù)重視語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性。
3.語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)是綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力的基礎(chǔ),要與真實(shí)的交際場(chǎng)景和語(yǔ)篇運(yùn)用緊密結(jié)合。
微技能一 如何確定填冠詞
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.不定冠
詞a/an
1.A child born in the US today has _________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
2.Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light-based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang.It’s ________ breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year.
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)空格后有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,搭配后表示泛指時(shí),應(yīng)考慮不定冠詞a/an。
用不定冠詞a/an的??键c(diǎn):
(1)泛指一類人與物,表示“一”的概念;
(2)在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”。
2.定冠詞the
3.Due to ____________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
4.The plum trees are ____________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
5.In old age.Mrs.Johnson became ________ most celebrated of the small excellent group of black women who at midcentury served as mathematicians for the space agency.
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)空格后有名詞,搭配后表示特指時(shí),應(yīng)考慮定冠詞the
用定冠詞the的??键c(diǎn):
(1)特指某人或某事;
(2)用在序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)前或有only, very, same 等修飾的名詞前;
(3)用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西及某些專有名詞前;
(4)用在西洋樂(lè)器名詞前,如piano, violin等;
(5)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。
3.固定搭配中的冠詞
6.It took us about 3 hours to go all ____________ way around the Xi’an City Wall.
7.In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited ________ number of Chinese cities to retrace Du’s steps.
8.Before answering the question, let’s take ________ look at students studying in China.
9.In a sometimes callous (冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make ________ difference.
固定搭配或抽象名詞具體化的名詞前用冠詞
(1)定冠詞用在固定搭配中,如:
at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance,make the most/best of, on the spot等。
(2)不定冠詞用在固定搭配中,如:
catch a cold, have a fever,
all of a sudden, as a matter of fact,
as a result, have a gift for,
make a living, give sb a lift,
have a good knowledge of等。
(3)動(dòng)詞(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介詞+the+身體部位。
答案
1.a(chǎn) [考查冠詞。根據(jù)下文的chance 可知,這里語(yǔ)意表示“非常實(shí)際的一個(gè)可能性”,故填不定冠詞,表示泛指。]
2.a(chǎn) [考查冠詞。句意:這是谷歌去年完成量子計(jì)算機(jī)之后在這一領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)突破。分析句子可知,句中“breakthrough”意為“突破,重大進(jìn)展”,為可數(shù)名詞,句中泛指一個(gè)突破,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾,breakthrough單詞音標(biāo)的第一個(gè)音素為輔音音素,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。]
3.the [考查冠詞。名詞popularity后有定語(yǔ),故其前應(yīng)用定冠詞the表特指,the growing popularity of...“……的日益流行”。]
4.the [考查冠詞。句意:雪還在融化時(shí),梅花是第一個(gè)開(kāi)花的。這里表示特指,所以序數(shù)詞first前要加定冠詞the。]
5.the [考查冠詞。句意:在晚年。約翰遜夫人是本世紀(jì)中葉為數(shù)不多的優(yōu)秀黑人女性中最著名的一位,她們?cè)谔湛偸饟?dān)任數(shù)學(xué)家。設(shè)空處后為最高級(jí),故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用定冠詞the。]
6.the [考查冠詞。all the way為固定短語(yǔ),意為“一直,一路上”。]
7.a(chǎn) [考查冠詞。句意:在這部影片中,英國(guó)廣播公司最受歡迎的主持人之一Michael Wood訪問(wèn)了中國(guó)多個(gè)城市,追溯杜甫的腳步。由句意可知,此處表“許多”,a number of...(許多……),用不定冠詞a。]
8.a(chǎn) [考查固定搭配。句意:在回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題之前,讓我們先來(lái)看看在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。take a look at意為“看一看……”,為固定搭配。]
9.a(chǎn) [考查冠詞。句意:在一個(gè)人們可能非常專注于他們做的有時(shí)很無(wú)情的世界里,一個(gè)隨意的善舉可能會(huì)有很大的影響。make a difference“有作用;有影響”,是固定短語(yǔ)。]
微技能二 如何確定填介詞
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.句意明,
辨成分
1.The artist was finally humbled(謙卑) by the greatest artist ____________ earth,Mother Nature.
2.Museums must compete ____________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
3.Du Fu:China’s Greatest Poet, a 58-minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time ________ the form of documentary.
4.You can also gain some insight ________ the city’s present and future by experiencing modern leisure.
若空格后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞, 且它們?cè)诰渲胁蛔髦髡Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)考慮介詞。
(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)空格放在名詞前后時(shí), 應(yīng)考慮名詞與介詞的搭配。
(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)空格放在不及物動(dòng)詞后、名詞前時(shí), 應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配。
(3)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)空格放在形容詞或名詞后名詞前時(shí), 應(yīng)考慮形容詞或名詞與介詞的搭配。
2.介詞多義
看語(yǔ)境
5.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ____________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
6.This aging of the population is driven ____________ two factors.
7.First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地區(qū)).
8.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ____________ this question is not clear.
9.The celebration includes congratulations ________ students, recommending outstanding teachers, the exchange of ideas among teachers, and so on.
10.Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected on the roofs, giving visitors a feeling like walking ________ time.
11.Within the sleeper carriage, ____________ little else to do, people talk or play cards, and soon a small community develops among the passengers.
12.Modern methods ____________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
13.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____________ dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.
1.注意下列介詞在用法上的區(qū)別
(1)表示時(shí)間的in, on, at
①in表示在某段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)(如世紀(jì)、年代、月份等)或泛指表示在具體的日子或具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。
②on表示星期幾或某一特定的日期。
③at表示某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。
(2)表示方位的through和across
①through表示“從……的內(nèi)部穿過(guò)”。
②across表示“從……表面穿過(guò)”。
(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in
①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的單數(shù)名詞,名詞前不加冠詞。
②on/in后跟交通工具時(shí),名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)。
(4)表示“用……”的by, in, with
①by指“靠……手段,用……方法,憑借……”,后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。
②in多用于表示語(yǔ)言、材料的名詞前。
③with多用于表示工具或身體器官的名詞前。
(5)of 表示所屬關(guān)系,“……的”
“of+n.”相當(dāng)于該名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞
2.注意??冀樵~的用法
(1)表示“作為”,用as,表示“為了”,用for表示“來(lái)自”,用from
(2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):
“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”中用介詞with
(3)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中表示動(dòng)作發(fā)出者,用by
(4)在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中用to而不用of表示所屬關(guān)系
the key/answer to the question, a solution to the problem
3.依據(jù)句式
和搭配
填介詞
14.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s.
15.Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____________,through agriculture.
16.According to satellite monitoring results, the increase of vegetation in China accounted ____________ 25 percent of the world’s total new greenery.
17.The opening of FAST not only offers more observation possibilities to the world’s scientific community but also contributes Chinese wisdom ____________ building a community of shared future for humanity.
18.Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone ____________ trouble.
19.Over the last two months, several great apes at the San Diego Zoo have received an experimental animal COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗), because they are most ____________ risk and can be easily vaccinated.
20.In Singapore there’s no better place to find Chinese medicines than in Chinatown—a colorful and lively place, rich ____________ Chinese culture and history.
(1)與動(dòng)詞搭配,如:
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
rob sb of sth 搶劫某人某物
go back to/date from 追溯至
exchange...for... 用……交換……
run out of 用完
account for 占……比例; 說(shuō)明
……的原因
(2)與名詞或代詞搭配,如:
by accident 偶然
in trouble 陷入困境,陷入麻煩
in spite of 盡管,雖然
in turn 依次,轉(zhuǎn)而
in return 作為報(bào)答
at risk 處于危險(xiǎn)中
on board 乘(飛機(jī)、船)
on average 平均
(3)與形容詞搭配,如:
be curious about 對(duì)……感到好奇
be proud of 因……而自豪
be rich in 在……方面豐富
(4)其他搭配,如:
not...until... 直到……才……
from...to... 從……到……
between...and... 在……和……之間
答案
1.on [考查介詞。on earth在世上。]
2.for [考查介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表達(dá)的是“為了人們的空閑時(shí)間和金錢(qián)與其他的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,compete for “為……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,故應(yīng)用介詞for。]
3.in [考查介詞。句意:《杜甫:中國(guó)最偉大的詩(shī)人》,這部58分鐘的電影最近在英國(guó)廣播公司上映,它首次以紀(jì)錄片的形式向西方世界介紹杜甫。固定搭配in the form of...(以……的方式),用介詞in。]
4.into [考查介詞。insight與介詞into搭配,表示“對(duì)……洞悉/了解”。]
5.of [考查介詞。type后常跟of sth,various types of trips “不同類型的旅行”,因此填of。]
6.by [考查介詞。空格處位于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)后,用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者, 故填by。]
7.in [考查介詞。根據(jù)空格后的1970可知,表示在某一年,應(yīng)用介詞in。]
8.to [考查介詞。the answer to the question為固定用法,表示“問(wèn)題的答案”,故填to。]
9.from [考查介詞。句意:慶?;顒?dòng)包括學(xué)生的祝賀,推薦優(yōu)秀的老師,老師之間的思想交流等等。from 表示“來(lái)自”。]
10.through [考查介詞。句意:《清明上河圖》等名作被投射在屋頂上,讓游客們有一種穿越時(shí)間的感覺(jué)。結(jié)合句意,through 該處指“在時(shí)間中穿過(guò)”。]
11.with [考查介詞。句意:在臥鋪車廂里,人們無(wú)事可做,要么聊天,要么打牌,很快在乘客中形成了一個(gè)小社區(qū)。分析句子,根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用介詞with接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),即with+名詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),with表示伴隨、原因、條件等,符合句意。]
12.of/for [考查介詞。methods of/for doing sth做某事的方法,故填of/for。]
13.for [考查介詞。go to some place for dinner “去某個(gè)地方吃飯”。介詞for在此表示目的。]
14.until [考查介詞。根據(jù)句意和句中的not可知,本空填until。not...until “直到……才……”。]
15.in [考查介詞。live in是固定搭配,表示“在……地方生活”,故填in。]
16.for [考查介詞。句意:根據(jù)衛(wèi)星監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果,中國(guó)植被的增加量占世界新綠化總量的25%。account for“占……比例”。]
17.to [考查介詞。句意:FAST的開(kāi)通不僅為世界科學(xué)界提供了更多的觀測(cè)機(jī)會(huì),也為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體貢獻(xiàn)了中國(guó)智慧。結(jié)合句意表示“貢獻(xiàn)……”短語(yǔ)為contribute...to...。]
18.in [考查介詞。句意:摩根說(shuō),當(dāng)人們看到有人陷入困境時(shí),是時(shí)候停止站在一旁用手機(jī)錄像。in trouble為固定短語(yǔ),意為“陷入困境,陷入麻煩”。]
19.a(chǎn)t [考查介詞。句意:在過(guò)去兩個(gè)月里,圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園的幾只類人猿接受了COVID-19實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物疫苗,因?yàn)樗鼈兠媾R的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最大,并且可以很容易地接種疫苗。表示“有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”為介詞短語(yǔ)at risk,在句中作表語(yǔ)。]
20.in [考查介詞。句意:在新加坡,沒(méi)有比唐人街能更好地找到中藥的地方了,那是一個(gè)豐富多彩而充滿生機(jī)的地方,有著豐富的中國(guó)文化和歷史。(be) rich in“在……方面豐富”為固定用法。]
微技能三 如何確定填代詞
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.句意清,
指代明
1.It was worth it, though.I still have that golden headdress, as ________ reminds me of those unforgettable days.
2.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day.
3.Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to participate in such activities, which will help ____________ combine knowledge together with culture.
無(wú)提示詞類填空, 當(dāng)句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 一般要填代詞, 主要包括不定代詞和it。
(1)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞,并且空處作主語(yǔ),可根據(jù)代指的情況用he,she或者it。
(2)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞,并且空處作賓語(yǔ),可根據(jù)代指的情況用him,her或者it。
(3)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞,并且空處作主語(yǔ),填they。
(4)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞,并且空處作賓語(yǔ),填them。
2.it的特
殊用法
4.But ____________ was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.
5.The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty.____________ is said that when people smelted (熔煉) bronze, they discovered that some waste materials could form beautiful colors.
6.Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make ____________ home.
7.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
(1)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。
(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)句子缺少形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 應(yīng)考慮it。
(3)it的常用固定句型:
·It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分
·It+be+形容詞+of/for sb to do sth
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth
·hate/like/enjoy it that...討厭/喜歡……
·when it comes to...當(dāng)談到……
·as sb puts it正如某人所言
·make it成功
答案
1.it [考查代詞。句意:但這是值得的。我仍然留著那個(gè)金色的頭飾,因?yàn)樗屛蚁肫鹆四切╇y忘的日子。分析句子,根據(jù)句意可知,此處連詞as后應(yīng)用代詞it作主語(yǔ),指前面的事物that golden headdress。]
2.it [考查代詞。指代前句中的the railway,故填it。]
3.them [考查代詞。句意: 遼寧中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)人石巖表示,他支持國(guó)際學(xué)生參加此類活動(dòng),這將有助于國(guó)際生將知識(shí)與文化結(jié)合起來(lái)。此處修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞international students,并且空處作賓語(yǔ)。所以應(yīng)用them。]
4.it [考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:但使她長(zhǎng)期被邊緣化、默默無(wú)聞的,并不僅僅是她的性別。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu):it+is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其他。]
5.it [考查代詞。句意:據(jù)說(shuō),當(dāng)人們?nèi)蹮捛嚆~時(shí),他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一些廢料可以形成美麗的顏色。固定句型:It is said that...“據(jù)說(shuō)”,其中it是形式主語(yǔ),that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。]
6.it [考查代詞。句意:每年新年,在中國(guó)工業(yè)中心地帶,成千上萬(wàn)的摩托車手冒著嚴(yán)寒上路,決心回家。根據(jù)句意可知,他們冒著嚴(yán)寒,也一定要回家,make it及時(shí)抵達(dá),走完路程。]
7.it [考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是to eat out。]
精做高考真題
1、(2022·全國(guó)·高考甲卷)
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___1___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路線) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___2___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___3___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___4___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___5___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___6___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___7___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___8___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___9___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____10____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是一個(gè)有視力障礙的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一帶一路的事情。
【詳情解析】
1.【to journey】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:近日,一名來(lái)自北京的盲人徒步40天來(lái)到西安,作為“一帶一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序數(shù)詞first,應(yīng)用不定式,作后置定語(yǔ)。故填to journey。
2.【who】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8歲時(shí)因一次車禍?zhǔn)鞯哪凶硬苁⒖荡┻^(guò)了三個(gè)省的40個(gè)城市和縣。此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為the man,在從句中作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
3.【held】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:受到在北京舉行的“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇的啟發(fā),曹決定徒步穿越這條路線,以向古代絲綢之路致敬。動(dòng)詞hold意為“舉行”,和謂語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞,和邏輯主語(yǔ)“the Belt and Road Forum”之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作已完成,應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞,作后置定語(yǔ)。故填held。
4.【A】考查冠詞。句意:他的一位朋友吳凡在旅行中自愿成為他的同伴。此處名詞friend第一次出現(xiàn),所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞表示泛指,且friend是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞,應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故填A(yù)。
5.【protection】考查名詞。句意:曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾,以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意和空前的形容詞environmental可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞protection,作賓語(yǔ),protection表示“保護(hù)”時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。
6.【meaningful】考查形容詞。句意:曹認(rèn)為這將使這次徒步旅行更加有意義。此處是make復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用形容詞meaningful表示“有意義的”,作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填meaningful。
7.【has walked】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在過(guò)去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34個(gè)國(guó)家,2016年,他到達(dá)了乞力馬扎羅山頂,這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the last five years可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)Cao為第三人稱單數(shù),助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has walked。
8.【highest】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:在過(guò)去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34個(gè)國(guó)家,2016年,他到達(dá)了乞力馬扎羅山頂,這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)空前Africa’s可知,此處是指三者或三者以上的比較,應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填highest。
9.【from】考查介詞。句意:9月20日,他從4700公里外的西安飛到了喀什,計(jì)劃在五個(gè)月內(nèi)徒步回到西安。根據(jù)句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知,此處表示“從西安飛往喀什”,應(yīng)用介詞from,固定搭配from…to…表示“從……到……”。故填from。
10.【planning】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:9月20日,他從4700公里外的西安飛到了喀什,計(jì)劃在五個(gè)月內(nèi)徒步回到西安。動(dòng)詞plan意為“計(jì)劃”,和謂語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞,和主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,作狀語(yǔ)。故填planning。
2、(2022·全國(guó)·高考乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___11___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___12___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___13___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___14___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___15___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___16___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (發(fā)布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___17___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___18___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___19___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____20_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了為了慶祝第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日,中國(guó)商會(huì)博物館所舉辦的一系列活動(dòng)。
【詳情解析】
11.【by】考查介詞。句意:2019年11月27日,聯(lián)合國(guó)正式將5月21日定為第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表達(dá)“被聯(lián)合國(guó)在5月21日命名”。表示被動(dòng),使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“be+過(guò)去分詞+by”。故填by。
12.【the】考查冠詞。句意:為了慶祝這一節(jié)日,周四在北京的中國(guó)商人博物館舉行了一系列活動(dòng)。分析句意可知,特指International Tea Day這一節(jié)日,所以用定冠詞the表特指。故填the。
13.【addressed】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:中國(guó)文化促進(jìn)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)在開(kāi)幕式上致辭。分析句意可知,本句是陳述過(guò)去事情,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填addressed。
14.【largest】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó),作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者,中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識(shí)可知,中國(guó)是最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó),所以用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。故填largest。
15.【responsibility】考查名詞。句意:中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó),作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者,中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。
16.【shared】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:這有助于構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞future。因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞share和名詞future之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填shared。
17.【and】考查連詞。句意:儀式上發(fā)布的“首個(gè)國(guó)際茶日萬(wàn)里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái),促進(jìn)國(guó)際合作和文化交流。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,名詞international cooperation和cultural exchanges為并列成分,作動(dòng)詞promote的賓語(yǔ)。故填and。
18.【To strengthen】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系,活動(dòng)包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動(dòng),邀請(qǐng)了來(lái)自世界各地的29名茶葉專業(yè)人士進(jìn)行36小時(shí)不間斷的直播。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表達(dá)“為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系”,需要用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填To strengthen。
19.【inviting】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:同上。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)the event與invite之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),表主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填inviting。
20.【its】考查代詞。句意:在開(kāi)幕式上,中國(guó)古茶博物館正式揭牌,開(kāi)啟了它的第一個(gè)展覽:大道遺真——普洱茶專題展。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,名詞exhibition前應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞來(lái)故填its。
3、(2021·全國(guó)·高考甲卷)
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___21___ (build) originally to protect the city ___22___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復(fù)). It is possible??___23___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___24___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___25___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___26___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___27___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___28___ way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___29___ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______30______ (day) routines.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者游覽西安長(zhǎng)城的過(guò)程。
【詳情解析】
21.【was built】考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。build和主語(yǔ)it之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the Tang dynasty可知,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was built。
22.【in或during】考查介詞。句意:它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。表示“在某個(gè)朝代”,應(yīng)用介詞in或during。故填in或during。
23.【to walk】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:騎行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.,it為形式主語(yǔ),不定式短語(yǔ)作真正主語(yǔ)。故填to walk。
24.【spending】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在花了一些時(shí)間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后,我們決定是時(shí)候采取一些行動(dòng)了,還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。此處After為介詞,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞,作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填spending。
25.【better】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:在花了一些時(shí)間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后,我們決定是時(shí)候采取一些行動(dòng)了,還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。根據(jù)后文than可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞good的比較級(jí)better。故填better。
26.【hired】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們從南門(mén)的租賃處租了自行車。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填hired。
27.【but】考查連詞。句意:我的自行車又舊又搖搖晃晃,但還可以騎。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填but。
28.【the】考查冠詞。句意:我們繞著西安城墻一路走了大約3個(gè)小時(shí)。固定短語(yǔ)all the way“一直,完全地”。故填the。
29.【watchtowers】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:據(jù)說(shuō)你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成,但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T(mén)和了望臺(tái)停下來(lái)拍照,或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。watchtower是可數(shù)名詞,由different修飾,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。
30.【daily】考查形容詞。句意:據(jù)說(shuō)你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成,但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T(mén)和了望臺(tái)停下來(lái)拍照,或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。修飾后文名詞routines,應(yīng)用形容詞daily,作定語(yǔ)。故填daily。
4、(2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____31____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____32____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____33____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____34____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____35____ (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____36____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____37____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____38____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____39____ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____40_____ must to visit!
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文屬于說(shuō)明文。文章介紹黃山的三種代表性的事物——云海,溫泉以及臺(tái)階。
【詳情解析】
31.【W(wǎng)hat】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。此處是主語(yǔ)從句,從句缺乏主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo),指代“經(jīng)歷的事情”。故填What。
32.【humans】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:當(dāng)你站在黃山山頂看見(jiàn)波濤洶涌般的云海,你會(huì)想到我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝吹拿煨?。human是we的同位語(yǔ),we為復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)用human的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans。
33.【undoubtedly】考查副詞。句意:它無(wú)疑會(huì)幫助你恢復(fù)精神!此處修飾動(dòng)詞help,應(yīng)用副詞undoubtedly“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地”。故填undoubtedly。
34.【hotter】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:關(guān)于黃山溫泉讓人驚訝的是,氣溫越低,溫泉越暖和!此處是固定結(jié)構(gòu)“the +比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”,意為“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
35.【astonished】考查形容詞。句意:但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)us的感受,應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞astonished,表示人的感受“感到震驚的”。故填astonished。
36.【was】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:你不禁會(huì)想,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的人們來(lái)說(shuō),把這些石頭都安置好有多難。分析句子可知,“how hard it 36 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的賓語(yǔ),it是從句的形式主語(yǔ),不定式為真正主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,“安置臺(tái)階的石頭”是過(guò)去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was。
37.【and】考查連詞。句意:雖然在上山的路上,這是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn),并且提供了一個(gè)你可以坐下來(lái)休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”與“offers a place”部分為并列關(guān)系,都是作it的謂語(yǔ),應(yīng)用并列連詞and。故填and。
38.【aching】考查形容詞。句意:雖然在上山的路上,這是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn),并且提供了一個(gè)你可以坐下來(lái)休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子及語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞aching“疼痛的”,修飾名詞legs,意為“疼痛的雙腿”。故填aching。
39.【mine】考查代詞。句意:正如歌中所唱,這條漫長(zhǎng)而曲折的道路“永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失”,它將永遠(yuǎn)留在游客的記憶中。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)確實(shí)如此。根據(jù)前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句的does替代前一句的stick,本句缺乏賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine,指代my memory。故填mine。
40.【a】考查冠詞。句意:當(dāng)你在中國(guó)的時(shí)候,黃山是一個(gè)你一定要去的地方。must作名詞時(shí),意為“絕對(duì)必要的事物”,為可數(shù)名詞,此處泛指“一個(gè)必須去的地方”,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,must是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞,應(yīng)用a。故填a。
5、(2020·山東·高考真題)
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___41___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___42___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___43___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___44___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___45___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___46___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine ___47___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___48___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___49___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____50____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了博物館藏品的來(lái)源及博物館給人們帶來(lái)的好處和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
【詳情解析】
41.【wealthy】考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀(jì),富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people,應(yīng)使用形容詞,做定語(yǔ)。故填wealthy。
42.【or】考查連詞。句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世,然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,前后陳述的是兩者可能性,應(yīng)使用連詞or:或者。故填or。
43.【formed】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:例如,漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬(wàn)件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開(kāi)館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in1759可知,應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填formed。
44.【which/that】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:例如,漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬(wàn)件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開(kāi)館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是the British Museum,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ),應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。
45.【are called】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:博物館對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放的部分被稱為畫(huà)廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀使用,應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語(yǔ)與call是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填are called。
46.【is】考查主謂一致。句意:通常,博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)a small part of a museum’s collection是單數(shù)概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
47.【themselves】考查反身代詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲,想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors,意為“他們自己”,應(yīng)使用反身代詞。故填themselves。
48.【walking】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲,想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分,共同做imagine的賓補(bǔ),imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
49.【accuracy】考查名詞。句意:歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要,但娛樂(lè)也很重要。此處做主語(yǔ),位于形容詞historical之后,應(yīng)使用名詞,意為“歷史的準(zhǔn)確性”。故填accuracy。
50.【for】考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)人們的業(yè)余時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。此處是固定短語(yǔ):compete for,意為: “為了……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。故填for。
挑戰(zhàn)名??碱}
1、(2023屆廣東省肇慶市第一中學(xué)畢業(yè)班第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))
Why is swimming____1____ (benefit)to you? One of the key____2____(reason) is that it’s a total-body workout and builds your muscle all over. Each stroke(劃水動(dòng)作)works out a different set of muscles,____3____no matter which stroke you’re using, the act of pulling your body through the water almost____4____(use) all your muscle groups. Swimming is also a workout for your heart system,____5____(raise) your heart rate without placing extra stress on your body.
While running can have a negative effect on your bones and joints, swimming is____6____??(complete) safe, which gives you the opportunity to work out____7____stressing your joints. It’s true that the low-impact nature of swimming makes it much less likely ____8____ (cause) injuries.
According to a study conducted by New York University, swimming can cut men’s risk of dying by almost 50%, a rate which is significantly____9____(high) than running or walking. The study was undertaken over a period of 32 years, and____10____it was only conducted on men, there’s no real reason why the effects should be any different for women.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了游泳的益處。
【詳情解析】
1.【beneficial】考查形容詞。句意:為什么游泳對(duì)你有好處?分析句子可知,此空應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ),提示詞benefit是動(dòng)詞,其形容詞為beneficial。故填beneficial。
2.【reasons】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是,這是一項(xiàng)全身鍛煉,可以鍛煉全身肌肉。此空考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù),one of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示“……之一”,為固定搭配。故填reasons。
3. 【but】考查連詞。句意:每一次劃水都會(huì)鍛煉出一組不同的肌肉,但無(wú)論你使用哪種劃水方式,將身體拉過(guò)水面的動(dòng)作幾乎會(huì)消耗你所有的肌肉群。分析句子可知,此空前后兩句話為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。
4.【uses】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:每一次劃水都會(huì)鍛煉出一組不同的肌肉,但無(wú)論你使用哪種劃水方式,將身體拉過(guò)水面的動(dòng)作幾乎會(huì)消耗你所有的肌肉群。此空考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)為the act of pulling your body through the water,是第三人稱單數(shù),與謂語(yǔ)use為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,再結(jié)合上下文,應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填uses。
5.【raising】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:游泳也是一種鍛煉心臟系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng),在不給身體帶來(lái)額外壓力的情況下提高心率。分析句子可知,此空考查非謂語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)swimming與raise之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,再根據(jù)句意可知,此空應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填raising。
6.【completely】考查副詞。句意:跑步會(huì)對(duì)你的骨骼和關(guān)節(jié)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,但游泳是完全安全的,這讓你有機(jī)會(huì)在不給關(guān)節(jié)帶來(lái)壓力的情況下鍛煉。分析句子可知,此空應(yīng)填副詞修飾后面形容詞safe。故填completely。
7.【without】考查介詞。句意:跑步會(huì)對(duì)你的骨骼和關(guān)節(jié)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,但游泳是完全安全的,這讓你有機(jī)會(huì)在不給關(guān)節(jié)帶來(lái)壓力的情況下鍛煉。根據(jù)句意,此空應(yīng)填介詞without,表示否定的含義。故填without。
8.【to cause】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:的確,游泳的低沖擊性使其不太可能導(dǎo)致受傷。likely to do sth.“可能做某事”,固定搭配。故填to cause。
9.【higher】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:根據(jù)紐約大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究,游泳可以將男性的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低近50%,這一比例明顯高于跑步或步行。根據(jù)空格后的than可知,空格處應(yīng)填所給詞的比較級(jí)。故填higher。
10.【though/although】考查連詞。句意:這項(xiàng)研究歷時(shí)32年,雖然只對(duì)男性進(jìn)行了研究,但并沒(méi)有真正的理由說(shuō)明對(duì)女性的影響會(huì)有什么不同。根據(jù)句意,此空考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,連接詞應(yīng)該用though或although,表“雖然”。故填though/although。
2、(2023屆湖北省鄂東南教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考)
This summer, Chongqing, a city in Southwest China, faced a severe test, with a heat wave and drought ____11____ (cause) a series of wildfires since Aug 17.
Thanks to the joint efforts of rescue workers, as well as volunteers and residents, more than 10 forest fires in the city were ____12____ (complete) put out in less than 10 days, with no ____13____ (injure) or deaths reported. The world witnessed ____14____ was highly praised as “Chongqing speed” in people’s united action.
A spectacular aerial video circulating on social media captured the heart of netizens: a stream of headlights ____15____ (wear) by rescue teams lit up the dark mountain paths, being a comparison with the red flames swallowing the mountain, which was described by netizens ____16____ a “Great Human Wall”. Zeng, 20, a college student, was one of the bricks of the “Great Human Wall” helping transport supplies to the fire scene. “‘Too busy ____17____ (feel) tired; I have to be faster’ was the only sound ____18____ was echoing in my mind,” he recalled.
The video ____19____ (receive) more than 100, 000 likes and shares on the platform WeChat in the past few months. The photographer said, “It’s really ____20____ hard-won success! What I want to show through the video is the ‘red rock soul’ of Chongqing people, and how China’s young people are shaping the country’s future.”
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹救援人員、志愿者和居民的共同努力對(duì)抗重慶野火的事跡,重點(diǎn)講述了一段壯觀的航拍視頻:救援隊(duì)的頭燈照亮了黑暗的山路,與吞噬山體的紅色火焰形成對(duì)比。
【詳情解析】
11.【causing】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:今年夏天,中國(guó)西南部城市重慶面臨著嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn),自8月17日以來(lái),熱浪和干旱引發(fā)了一系列野火。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),cause與a heat wave and drought之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填causing。
12.【completely】考查副詞。句意:在救援人員、志愿者和居民的共同努力下,在不到10天的時(shí)間里,該市10多起森林火災(zāi)被完全撲滅,沒(méi)有人員傷亡報(bào)告。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處修飾空后動(dòng)詞put out,所以應(yīng)填副詞,complete的副詞形式是completely,故填completely。
13.【injuries】考查名詞。句意:在救援人員、志愿者和居民的共同努力下,在不到10天的時(shí)間里,該市10多起森林火災(zāi)被完全撲滅,沒(méi)有人員傷亡報(bào)告。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空前是介詞with,所以空處應(yīng)填名詞,injure的名詞為injury,此處意指受傷的人,為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)空后的deaths知,應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填injuries。
14.【what】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:世界見(jiàn)證了人民團(tuán)結(jié)行動(dòng)中被譽(yù)為“重慶速度”的時(shí)刻。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),指“……的東西”。故填what。
15.【worn】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在社交媒體上流傳的一段壯觀的航拍視頻戳中了網(wǎng)友的心:救援隊(duì)的頭燈照亮了黑暗的山路,與吞噬山體的紅色火焰形成對(duì)比,被網(wǎng)友稱為“人體長(zhǎng)城”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞captured,所以wear應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式,再根據(jù)空后的by表“被”之意,所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。故填worn。
16.【as】考查介詞。句意同上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查固定搭配be described as意為“被描述成”。故填as。
17.【to feel】考查固定搭配。句意:忙得感覺(jué)不到累;我必須跑得更快。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查固定搭配too...to...意為“太……而不能……”。故填to feel。
18.【that】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意:“‘忙得感覺(jué)不到累;我必須跑得更快’是唯一在我腦海中回響的聲音,”他回憶道。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞,先行詞是sound,指物,故應(yīng)該用that或者which引導(dǎo),但是當(dāng)先行詞有only修飾時(shí),只能用that,不能用which。故填that。
19.【has received】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月里,這段視頻在微信朋友圈獲得了超過(guò)10萬(wàn)個(gè)點(diǎn)贊和分享。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past few months可知,為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)是video,為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填has received。
20.【a】考查冠詞。句意:這真是來(lái)之不易的成功!success作“成功的事或人”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞,此處用不定冠詞泛指,且hard-won發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭,故填a。
3、(2023屆浙江省紹興市高三11月高考科目診斷性考試)
If you’ve ever wondered what dreams taste like, you’re in for a treat, because Coca-Cola is releasing another new limited-edition flavor to its Creations lineup. ____21____ (call) Dreamworld, the latest Coke is supposed to taste like dreams.
“This limited-edition flavor is your gateway into a lively, ____22____ (energy) world where anything is possible; where imaginations are free to discover the magic in ordinary moments,” Coca-Cola said in ____23____ press release.
The release of the new flavor is a part of the company’s effort ____24____ (attract) new Gen Z consumers through Coca-Cola Creations, ____25____ will introduce a series of unexpected beverages and experiences across physical and digital worlds.
“Coca-Cola Dreamworld taps into Gen Z’s passion ____26____ the great potential of the mind by exploring ____27____ a dream tastes like,” Alessandra Cascino, Coca-Cola North America Operating Unit’s creative shopper program director, said in a statement. “Like the Coca-Cola Creations that came before it, Dreamworld plays with the unexpected ____28____ it will no doubt provoke discovery and debate among consumers...and that we welcome.”
Starting Monday, Aug 15, Dreamworld will be available in grocery and gas ____29____ (station) across the US. There will be both regular and zero-sugar options available, and it _____30_____ (sell) by the bottle and in cans.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹可口可樂(lè)公司新推出的一款可樂(lè)Dreamworld。
【詳情解析】
21.【Called】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:被叫做夢(mèng)幻世界,最新的可樂(lè)應(yīng)該是夢(mèng)幻般的味道。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,動(dòng)詞call和句子主語(yǔ)the latest Coke是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞形式,表示被動(dòng)。故填Called。
22.【energetic】考查形容詞。句意:可口可樂(lè)在新聞稿中表示:“這款限量版是你進(jìn)入一個(gè)充滿活力的世界的大門(mén),在這里一切皆有可能;在這里,想象力可以自由地在平凡時(shí)刻發(fā)現(xiàn)神奇?!狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要形容詞做定語(yǔ),修飾后面的名詞world。故填energetic。
23.【a】考查冠詞。句意:見(jiàn)第2題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里需要不定冠詞修飾后面的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)press release,表示泛指,“一”的意思。故填a。
24.【to attract】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:新口味的發(fā)布是該公司努力通過(guò)可口可樂(lè)創(chuàng)意吸引新的Z世代消費(fèi)者的一部分,可口可樂(lè)創(chuàng)意將在實(shí)體和數(shù)字世界中推出一系列意想不到的飲料和體驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,“attract new Gen Z consumers through Coca-Cola Creations”是effort的定語(yǔ),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。故填to attract。
25.【which】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:見(jiàn)第4題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,“ 25 will introduce a series of unexpected beverages and experiences across physical and digital worlds”是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是Creations,在從句中做主語(yǔ),指物,用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
26.【for】考查介詞。句意:可口可樂(lè)夢(mèng)想世界通過(guò)探索夢(mèng)想的味道,挖掘Z世代對(duì)大腦巨大潛力的熱情。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查固定搭配passion for,表示“……的熱情”的意思。故填for。
27.【what】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:見(jiàn)第6題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,“ 27 a dream tastes like”是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少介詞like的賓語(yǔ),指物,“什么”的意思,用從屬連詞what。故填what。
28.【so】考查連詞。句意:就像之前的可口可樂(lè)創(chuàng)意一樣,夢(mèng)幻世界也在玩意想不到的游戲,因此,它無(wú)疑會(huì)引起消費(fèi)者的發(fā)現(xiàn)和爭(zhēng)論……我們對(duì)此表示歡迎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,空格前后兩個(gè)分句是因果關(guān)系,用連詞so。故填so。
29.【stations】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:從8月15日星期一開(kāi)始,夢(mèng)想世界將在美國(guó)各地的雜貨店和加油站提供。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,station是可數(shù)名詞,前面沒(méi)有限定詞,所以名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指。故填stations。
30.【will be sold】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:將有常規(guī)和零糖兩種選擇,并按瓶裝和罐裝出售。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這句話描述的是將來(lái)的情況,所以謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句子主語(yǔ)it和動(dòng)詞sell是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,所以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填will be sold。
4、(2023屆浙江省金華市十校高三上學(xué)期11月模擬考試)
Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水庫(kù)) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ___31___ (build) in 1963.
In addition to water ___32___ (lose) due to years of drought, the US Geological Survey found, Lake Powell ___33___ (face) an average annual loss in storage capacity of about 33,270 acre-feet per year between 1963 and 2018. That’s enough water ___34___ (fill) the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall about 1,600 times.
The capacity of the reservoir is becoming smaller because of sediments (沉淀物) ___35___ (flow) in from the Colorado and San Juan rivers. Those sediments settle at the bottom of the reservoir ___36___ decrease the total amount of water that the reservoir can hold. It’s bad news for a region ___37___ has already faced water shortages and extreme wildfires due to the drought.
Lake Powell is ___38___ important reservoir in the Colorado River Basin. Both Lake Powell and nearby Lake Mead, the nation’s largest reservoir, are drying up ___39___ an alarming rate. In August, the government declared a water shortage on the Colorado River for the first time after Lake Mead’s water level decreased to a record low, leading to cuts in water consumption for the ___40___ (state) in the Southwest that began in January.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了由于干旱,鮑威爾湖的水位不僅直線下降,它的總?cè)萘恳苍跍p少。
【詳情解析】
31.【was built】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:鮑威爾湖是美國(guó)第二大人工水庫(kù),自1963年建成以來(lái),其潛在蓄水能力已經(jīng)損失了近7%。設(shè)空處在句中做謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1963,可知句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),設(shè)空處和句子的主語(yǔ)it之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was built。
32.【loss】考查名詞。句意:美國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局發(fā)現(xiàn),除了多年干旱導(dǎo)致的水資源損失外,鮑威爾湖在1963年至2018年期間平均每年面臨約33270英畝英尺的蓄水量損失。設(shè)空處在句中作賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用名詞的形式,表示抽象概念為不可數(shù)名詞。故填loss。
33.【faced】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意見(jiàn)上題解析。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)between 1963 and 2018,可知句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填faced。
34.【to fill】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:這些水足夠灌滿國(guó)家廣場(chǎng)上的倒影池約1600次。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ),表將來(lái),應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的形式作定語(yǔ)。故填to fill。
35.【flowing】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:由于從科羅拉多河和圣胡安河流入的沉積物的流動(dòng),水庫(kù)的容量越來(lái)越小。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ),和句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)sediments (沉淀物)之間是邏輯的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作定語(yǔ)。故填flowing。
36.【and】考查連詞。句意:這些沉積物沉積在水庫(kù)底部,減少了水庫(kù)可以容納的總水量。設(shè)空處并列句子的謂語(yǔ),應(yīng)用and。故填and。
37.【which或that】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意:這對(duì)一個(gè)由于干旱已經(jīng)面臨缺水和極端野火的地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)壞消息。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在句中做指物的主語(yǔ),先行詞為region。故填which或that。
38.考查冠詞。句意:鮑威爾湖是科羅拉多河流域一個(gè)重要的水庫(kù)。設(shè)空處后為名詞單數(shù)的形式,表示泛指,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,因空后的important為元音音素開(kāi)頭。故填an。
39.【at】考查介詞。句意:鮑威爾湖和附近的米德湖(美國(guó)最大的水庫(kù))正以驚人的速度干涸。at a rate of以……的速度。故填at。
40.【states】考查名詞。句意:今年8月,在米德湖水位降至歷史最低點(diǎn)后,政府首次宣布科羅拉多河缺水,導(dǎo)致美國(guó)西南部各州從1月開(kāi)始削減用水量。設(shè)空處在句中作賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用名詞的形式,根據(jù)后面的“in the Southwest (美國(guó)西南部)”可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的形式。故填states。
5、(2023屆河南洛陽(yáng)市六校高三10月份聯(lián)考)
The Chinese folk dance is a microcosm (縮影鄉(xiāng)) of the country’s rich culture. The peacock dance is __41__traditional folk dance of the Dai minority.
The Dai people are known ___42___ their dancing and singing skills. It’s said that more than a thousand years ago, the Dai minority’s head learned to dance through copying the elegant ___43___ (gesture) of the peacock. Afterwards, the dance ___44___ (promote) by later generations and spread widely. In the mind of the Dai people, the peacock is a symbol of ___45___ (happy).
The dance movements are usually performed in a ___46___ (fix) order. The dance starts with a peacock flying out from its nest and looking around ___47___ (cautious). It wanders around the wild searching for food. Having had its fill, the peacock then goes to the river bank to bathe and play in the water. After that, it shakes the water drops off and combs its feathers. When ___48___ (compete) with other peacocks, it displays its beautiful tail to its rivals(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手)and its beloved.At the end of the dance, the peacock’ spreads out its wings and flies joyfully into the sky.
___49___ (show) a lively peacock, dancers must use a range of hand movements and eye expressions. Their knees must be very flexible, ___50___ is a feature of the Dai dance.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)傣族孔雀舞的歷史、特點(diǎn)等。
【詳情解析】
41.【a】考查冠詞。句意:孔雀舞是傣族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈。根據(jù)句意,此處需用不定冠詞a泛指“一種”。故填a。
42.【for】考查介詞。句意:傣族人以他們的舞蹈和歌唱技巧而聞名。be known for是固定搭配,意為“以……而聞名”。故填for。
43.【gestures】考查名詞。句意:據(jù)說(shuō)在一千多年前,傣族的首領(lǐng)就通過(guò)模仿孔雀的優(yōu)雅姿勢(shì)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈。本句中g(shù)esture表示“姿勢(shì)、姿態(tài)”,為可數(shù)名詞,且此處表泛指,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填gestures。
44.【was promoted】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:后來(lái),這種舞蹈被后人發(fā)揚(yáng)光大,廣為流傳。分析句子可知句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ),此處應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意和by可知需使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且由上文learned可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)the dance是單數(shù),主謂保持一致,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單,所以應(yīng)該填was promoted。故填was promoted。
45.【happiness】考查名詞。句意:在傣族人的心目中,孔雀是幸福的象征。此處用名詞作介詞of后的賓語(yǔ)。故填happiness。
46.【fixed】考查形容詞。句意:舞蹈動(dòng)作通常按固定的順序進(jìn)行。此處用形容詞fixed作名詞order的前置定語(yǔ)。故填fixed。
47.【curiously】考查副詞。句意:舞蹈開(kāi)始時(shí),一只孔雀從巢中飛出來(lái),小心翼翼地四處張望。此處用副詞curiously修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)look around。故填curiously。
48.【competing】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:它和其他孔雀比賽時(shí),它會(huì)向它的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手和它的愛(ài)人展示它美麗的尾巴。此處用連詞+分詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),compete與邏輯主語(yǔ)it(the peacock)之間是主謂關(guān)系,需用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填competing。
49.【To show】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:為了表演一只活潑的孔雀,舞者必須使用一系列的手部動(dòng)作和眼部表情。分析句子,可知本句的謂語(yǔ)是must use,故此處填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,根據(jù)句意,句首應(yīng)填不定式表示目的,所以填to show作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填To show。
50.【which】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:他們的膝蓋必須非常靈活,這是傣族舞蹈的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。分析句子可知,逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為整個(gè)主句,即Their knees must be very flexible,從句缺主語(yǔ),非限制定語(yǔ)從句用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。故填which。
6、(2023屆陜西省寶雞市、漢中市部分學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考)
I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how ___51___ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes??___52___??(fix) upon me. I had no ___53___ (choose) but to prepare for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, which was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part ___54___ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory— for to read from the paper was not allowed. The real moment began ___55___???I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, ___56___ (deliver) my speech with difficulty. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding— I made ___57___! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared. Actually with my ___58___ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way???___59___ success is our fear. Overcome it ____60____ we will be able to achieve our goals.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述作者9歲時(shí)的一次在全班面前的演講,講述當(dāng)時(shí)的心情、動(dòng)作及對(duì)以后成長(zhǎng)的重要作用。
【詳情解析】
51.【terribly】考查副詞。句意:你可以想象我有多害羞,有那么多的眼睛盯著我。此處修飾形容詞shy要用副詞,故填terribly。
52.【fixed】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意同上。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),其中eyes與fix是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng),故填fixed。
53.【choice】考查名詞。句意:不過(guò),我別無(wú)選擇,只能做好準(zhǔn)備。此處意為“不得不做某事”,表達(dá)為have no choice but to do…,“選擇”這里用名詞,故填choice。
54.【lay】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:但最困難的部分在于從我的記憶中進(jìn)行口頭陳述,因?yàn)檎罩恼伦x是不允許的。此處講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,全文都是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),故此處用一般過(guò)去式,故填lay。
55.【when】考查連詞。句意:當(dāng)我雙腿顫抖大腦空白地站在講臺(tái)上時(shí),真正的時(shí)刻開(kāi)始了。本句為when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,故填when。
56.【delivering】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:漸漸地我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又回來(lái)了,艱難地發(fā)表了演說(shuō)。此處做狀語(yǔ),deliver與主語(yǔ)I是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞delivering作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨,故填delivering。
57.【it】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意:我成功了!短語(yǔ)make it意為“達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo);成功”,故填it。
58.【confidence】考查名詞。句意:漸漸地,隨著我自信心的增長(zhǎng),我現(xiàn)在成為了一個(gè)成功的演說(shuō)家。此處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ),“confidence”自信心,為不可數(shù)名詞,故填confidence。
59.【to】考查介詞。句意:回顧起來(lái),我們成功路上最大的困難就是我們內(nèi)心的恐懼。此處意為“通往……的路上”,表達(dá)為the way to…,故填to。
60.【and】考查固定句型。句意:克服它,我們將能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。此處為“祈使句+and句型”,故填and。
7、(2023屆山東省名校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期診斷性測(cè)試)
China is much more concerned about livelihood projects. Another project of ____61____(channel) water from China’s Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River ____62____ (begin) construction in June this year. With a total ____63____ (invest) of 59.8 billion yuan, the project is a supplement to the middle route of the country’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
The new project is expected ____64____ (enhance) the water allocation (分配) capacity of the Hanjiang River Basin to ____65____ (far) ensure water supply to the dry north. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project transfers water from China’s water-rich south ____66____ the dry north through the middle, eastern and western routes. The middle route, the most prominent one due to ____67____ (it) role in feeding water to the nation’s capital, begins at the Danjiangkou eservoir in the Hanjiang River in central province of Hubei and runs northeastward to Beijing and Tianjin. It started supplying water in December 2014.
China has stepped up the water project construction. 10,644 new water projects ____68____ (value) at 414.4 billion yuan started construction in ____69____ first five months of the year. The money _____70_____ is invested in the country’s water project construction will be over 800 billion yuan this year, according to the official data.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)關(guān)心的民生項(xiàng)目——南水北調(diào)中工程。
【詳情解析】
61.【channeling】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:另一個(gè)從長(zhǎng)江引水到漢江的工程將于今年六月開(kāi)工。空前有介詞of,故空處動(dòng)詞需要變成動(dòng)名詞的形式;提示詞為channel表示“輸送”、“傳送”,動(dòng)名詞形式為channeling。故填channeling。
62.【begins】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:另一個(gè)從長(zhǎng)江引水到漢江的工程將于今年六月開(kāi)工。分析句子可知,空處為句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)為Another project,為單數(shù),begin常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),用于表示在時(shí)間上確定好或安排好的事情,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。故填begins。
63.【investment】考查名詞。句意:該項(xiàng)目總投資五百九十八億元,是南水北調(diào)中線工程的補(bǔ)充。根據(jù)空前形容詞total和空后介詞of可知,空處需要填名詞;invest意為“投資”,是動(dòng)詞,其名詞形式為investment。故填investment。
64.【to enhance】考查不定式。句意:新項(xiàng)目有望提高漢江流域的水資源分配能力,進(jìn)一步確保干旱的北方地區(qū)的供水。固定短語(yǔ)be expected to do sth.意為“有望做某事”,故空處需要用到動(dòng)詞不定式的形式。故填to enhance。
65.【further】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:新項(xiàng)目有望提高漢江流域的水資源分配能力,進(jìn)一步確保干旱的北方地區(qū)的供水。根據(jù)空前不定式to表目的可知,空處需要填動(dòng)詞;far為形容詞,表示“遠(yuǎn)的”,其動(dòng)詞形式為further,表示“進(jìn)一步”,符合句意。故填further。
66.【to】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意:南水北調(diào)工程通過(guò)中線、東線和西線,將中國(guó)水資源豐富的南方的水調(diào)入干旱的北方。固定短語(yǔ)transfer A to B意為“把A轉(zhuǎn)移到B”,符合句意。故填to。
67.【its】考查代詞。句意:中線是最引人注目的一條,因?yàn)樗慕巧菫橹袊?guó)首都提供水源。空后為名詞role,意為“角色”,故空處需要填形容詞性物主代詞指代上文的The middle route。its意為“它的”,符合句意。故填its。
68.【valued】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:今年前五個(gè)月,新開(kāi)工水利項(xiàng)目一萬(wàn)零六百四十四個(gè),估值四千一百四十四億元。分析句子成分可知,后文started為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故空處需要填非謂語(yǔ)的形式;主語(yǔ)10,644 new water projects和動(dòng)詞value“估價(jià)”為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故要用過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。故填valued。
69.【the】考查冠詞。句意:今年前五個(gè)月,新開(kāi)工水利項(xiàng)目一萬(wàn)零六百四十四個(gè),估值四千一百四十四億元。結(jié)合句意可知,想表達(dá)“今年前五個(gè)月”需要用到the + first +數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)的形式,定冠詞不能省略。故填the。
70.【that/which】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:據(jù)官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示,今年我國(guó)水利工程建設(shè)投資將超過(guò)八千億元。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處需要填關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為T(mén)he money,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故需要用到關(guān)系代詞that或者which。故填that/which。
8、(2023屆河南省頂級(jí)名校高三10月份階段性測(cè)試)
During last year’s two sessions (兩會(huì)), Shan Jixiang, director of the Palace Museum,____71____ (push) for major renovations (修復(fù)) inside the palace museum. And during this year’s two sessions, he proposed adopting ____72____ new set of regulations on how to best protect and preserve the historic complex.
“The Regulation of the Preservation of the Great Wall ____73____ (adopt) over the past years, and it has proved very effective, so this year we’ve drafted an outline for new regulations and we hope to pass the cultural relics of the Palace Museum on to many generations ____74____ (come).” Shan said.
The Palace Museum faces serious pressures. An increasing number of____75____ (tour) want to see the palace’s treasures, but overcrowding could harm preservation efforts. And ____76____ urbanization (城市化) progressing in Beijing, construction around the Palace Museum may end up damaging ____77____ (it) ancient buildings. The Forbidden City’s image as a museum has grown ____78____ Shan’s last measures were approved in 2012. To make more room for more visitors, Shan has proposed moving 750 employees, ____79____ (rough) half the museum’s staff, to offices outside the complex. He has also called for transforming an archaeological site which _____80_____unearthed in 2016 into a new public archaeological museum for the public to enjoy.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文講述了去年兩會(huì)期間,故宮博物院院長(zhǎng)單繼祥推動(dòng)故宮博物院內(nèi)部的重大翻修工作。今年兩會(huì)期間,他建議通過(guò)一套關(guān)于如何最好地保護(hù)和保護(hù)歷史建筑群的新規(guī)定。
【詳情解析】
71.【pushed】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在去年的兩會(huì)期間,故宮博物院院長(zhǎng)單繼祥推動(dòng)了故宮博物院內(nèi)部的重大整修。此處缺少謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)During last year’s two sessions,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填pushed。
72.【a】考查固定搭配。句意:在今年的兩會(huì)上,他提議通過(guò)一套關(guān)于如何最好地保護(hù)和保護(hù)歷史建筑群的新法規(guī)。短語(yǔ)a set of表示“一套”,set的發(fā)音是輔音音素開(kāi)頭,故填a。
73.【has been adopted】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:“在過(guò)去的幾年里,保護(hù)長(zhǎng)城的規(guī)定已經(jīng)被采納,并被證明是非常有效的,所以今年我們起草了一個(gè)新規(guī)定的大綱,我們希望將故宮博物院的文物傳遞給下一代?!眴握f(shuō)。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系;且over the past years和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用,且句子主語(yǔ)為T(mén)he Regulation,助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has been adopted。
74.【to come】考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。句意:“在過(guò)去的幾年里,保護(hù)長(zhǎng)城的規(guī)定已經(jīng)被采納,并被證明是非常有效的,所以今年我們起草了一個(gè)新規(guī)定的大綱,我們希望將故宮博物院的文物傳遞給下一代?!眴握f(shuō)。表示“將會(huì)到來(lái)的”,用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填to come。
75.【tourists】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:越來(lái)越多的游客希望看到故宮的寶藏,但過(guò)度擁擠可能會(huì)損害保護(hù)工作。表示“游客”,且前面有An increasing number of,所以此處要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填tourists。
76.考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:隨著北京城市化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn),故宮周圍的建筑可能最終會(huì)破壞古建筑。根據(jù)urbanization progressing in Beijing可知此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ),表示“隨著……”。故填with。
77.【its】考查代詞。句意:隨著北京城市化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn),故宮周圍的建筑可能最終會(huì)破壞古建筑。修飾名詞buildings應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its。故填its。
78.【since】考查連詞。句意:自2012年單繼祥的最后一項(xiàng)措施獲得批準(zhǔn)以來(lái),紫禁城作為一座博物館的形象得到了提升。分析句子成分可知,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),表示“自從”,所以此處要用since。故填since。
79.【roughly】考查副詞。句意:為了給更多的游客騰出更多的空間,單繼祥提議將750名員工(約占博物館員工的一半)搬到園區(qū)外的辦公室。修飾數(shù)字half the museum’s staff應(yīng)用副詞roughly。故填roughly。
80.【was】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:他還呼吁將2016年出土的考古遺址改造成新的公共考古博物館,供公眾欣賞。空處為定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 2016,可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),主語(yǔ)which指代單數(shù)名詞an archaeological site,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填was。
9、(2023屆山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次診斷性考試)
Nowadays, millions of people get the news of air crash whenever it happens. Therefore, the fear of flying ____81____ (rise) in the past few years. This causes many Americans ____82____ (drive) rather than fly, but is driving really a ____83____ (safe)way to travel than flying?
As a matter of fact, ____84____ the media doesn’t show the world are other automobile accidents; research over the past several years has shown that flying is the safest method of transportation. In a Newsweek magazine study ____85____ (test) deaths per 100 million miles of transportation, cars have 0.94 deaths while trains 0.04 deaths and planes and buses came out ____86____ same with 0.01 deaths.
When you look at the data, perhaps you will be worried about the ____87____ (frequent) of air crashes,??____88____ actually only a small percent of these crashes involve deaths. On the other hand, when there is a crash, there is usually a fairly large loss of life ____89____ (involve). And nearly every air crash _____90_____ (probable) makes the front page headline in nearly every newspaper across the world.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)今世界人們總是對(duì)飛行充滿恐懼,但是研究表明,乘飛機(jī)才是最安全的交通方式。
【詳情解析】
81.【has risen】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:因此,對(duì)飛行的恐懼在過(guò)去的幾年里有所上升。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處為本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past few years可判斷本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);主語(yǔ)為the fear,不可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用has。故填has risen。
82.【to drive】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:這導(dǎo)致許多美國(guó)人開(kāi)車而不是坐飛機(jī),但開(kāi)車真的比坐飛機(jī)更安全嗎?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ):cause sb. to do sth.“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”。故填to drive。
83.【safer】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:這導(dǎo)致許多美國(guó)人開(kāi)車而不是坐飛機(jī),但開(kāi)車真的比坐飛機(jī)更安全嗎?根據(jù)空后的than可知,空處為形容詞比較級(jí)形式。故填safer。
84.【what】考查主名詞性從句。句意:事實(shí)上,媒體沒(méi)有向世界展示的是其他的交通事故;過(guò)去幾年的研究表明,乘飛機(jī)是最安全的交通方式。分析句子成分可知,本句為主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞show之后缺少賓語(yǔ),表示物,所以用what。故填what。
85.【testing】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:《新聞周刊》對(duì)每1億英里交通工具的死亡人數(shù)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示,汽車死亡人數(shù)為0.94人,火車死亡人數(shù)為0.04人,飛機(jī)和公共汽車死亡人數(shù)一樣,都為0.01人。這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ),和被修飾詞a Newsweek magazine study之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填testing。
86.【the】考查冠詞。句意:《新聞周刊》對(duì)每1億英里交通工具的死亡人數(shù)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示,汽車死亡人數(shù)為0.94人,火車死亡人數(shù)為0.04人,飛機(jī)和公共汽車死亡人數(shù)一樣,都為0.01人。same前用定冠詞the,構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)the same with“和……一樣”。故填the。
87.【frequency】考查名詞。句意:當(dāng)你看到這些數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),也許你會(huì)擔(dān)心空難的頻率,但實(shí)際上只有一小部分空難涉及到死亡。根據(jù)空前的the可知,空處為名詞形式。故填frequency。
88.【but】考查連詞。句意:當(dāng)你看到這些數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),也許你會(huì)擔(dān)心空難的頻率,但實(shí)際上只有一小部分空難涉及到死亡。空前“也許你會(huì)擔(dān)心空難的頻率”和空后“實(shí)際上只有一小部分空難涉及到死亡?!贝嬖谵D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填but。
89.【involved】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:另一方面,當(dāng)飛機(jī)失事時(shí),通常會(huì)有相當(dāng)大的生命損失。這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ),和被修飾詞a fairly large loss of life之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填involved。
90.【probably】考查副詞。句意:幾乎每一次空難都可能成為世界上幾乎所有報(bào)紙的頭版頭條。擔(dān)當(dāng)句子的狀語(yǔ),用副詞形式。故填probably。
10、(2023遼寧省高三上學(xué)期一輪復(fù)習(xí)聯(lián)考試題)
According to a report on the traditional culture trend in 2021,____91____(release) on Feb. 3 by Bilibili, an online video–sharing platform popular among younger people, more than 177 million of the platform’s users were in favor of____92____(video) featuring traditional culture.
That approval reflected the way the “China Chic” (中國(guó)風(fēng)) phenomenon has been____93____(warm) embraced by the younger generation in recent years.
China Chic, or guochao, features fancy designs mixed____94____elements from traditional culture. It became widely known in 2018 after the sportswear brand Li–Ning took the fashion world by storm with its oriental–style designs at New York Fashion Week. That led to____95____increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend and creating a wave of China Chic.
China Chic has changed from a consumption trend to a cultural phenomenon. The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing can be seen as a good example of____96____young people have embraced China Chic. Young athletes ____97____(wear) sports clothing bearing Chinese elements, such as dragons and pandas.
China Chic expresses traditional culture with the language of pop culture, bringing it____98____(close) to young people and making it more acceptable to them. Eager to show their personalities to the world, young people find national identity a good way to distinguish____99____(they) from others, and culture is the perfect medium____100____(explain) why young people are passionate about traditional culture.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)分析和舉例說(shuō)明了“中國(guó)風(fēng)”現(xiàn)象受到了年輕一代的熱烈歡迎。
【詳情解析】
91.【released】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在年輕人中很受歡迎的在線視頻分享平臺(tái)嗶哩嗶哩2月3日發(fā)布的《2021年傳統(tǒng)文化趨勢(shì)報(bào)告》顯示,該平臺(tái)超過(guò)1.77億用戶喜歡傳統(tǒng)文化視頻。句中謂語(yǔ)是were,空格處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,report和release之間是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此空格處用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng),故填released。
92.【videos】考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意:在年輕人中很受歡迎的在線視頻分享平臺(tái)嗶哩嗶哩2月3日發(fā)布的《2021年傳統(tǒng)文化趨勢(shì)報(bào)告》顯示,該平臺(tái)超過(guò)1.77億用戶喜歡傳統(tǒng)文化視頻。video是可數(shù)名詞,不止一個(gè),因此空格處用復(fù)數(shù)videos,故填videos。
93.【warmly】考查副詞。句意:這種認(rèn)可反映了“中國(guó)風(fēng)”現(xiàn)象近年來(lái)受到年輕一代的熱烈歡迎??崭裉幱酶痹~warmly修飾動(dòng)詞embraced,warmly意為“熱烈地”,故填warmly。
94.【with】考查介詞。句意:“中國(guó)風(fēng)”的特點(diǎn)是花哨的設(shè)計(jì)與傳統(tǒng)文化元素相結(jié)合。mix... with為固定短語(yǔ),表示“與……融合”,因此空格處是介詞with,故填with。
95.【an】考查冠詞。句意:這導(dǎo)致越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)品牌加入這一潮流,并創(chuàng)造了一波中國(guó)風(fēng)。an increasing number of意為“越來(lái)越多的”,表故填an。
96.【how】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:2022年北京冬奧會(huì)可以被視為年輕人接受中國(guó)風(fēng)的一個(gè)很好的例子??崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中不缺成分,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,句子表示“2022年北京冬奧會(huì)可以被視為年輕人是如何接受中國(guó)風(fēng)的一個(gè)很好的例子”,空格處意為“如何”,用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,故填how。
97.【wore】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:年輕的運(yùn)動(dòng)員穿著帶有中國(guó)元素的運(yùn)動(dòng)服,比如龍和熊貓。句子描述過(guò)去的事情,時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),空格處用過(guò)去式wore,故填wore。
98.【closer】考查比較級(jí)。句意:China Chic用流行文化的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)傳統(tǒng)文化,讓傳統(tǒng)文化更貼近年輕人,更容易被年輕人接受。由“more acceptable”可知,空格處用比較級(jí)closer,故填closer。
99.【themselves】考查反身代詞。句意:年輕人渴望向世界展示自己的個(gè)性,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)家身份是區(qū)分自己和他人的好方法,而文化是解釋為什么年輕人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化充滿熱情的完美媒介。分析句子可知,空處為賓語(yǔ),由句意可知,主語(yǔ)young people與賓語(yǔ)為同一人群,所以此處用反身代詞themselves作賓語(yǔ)。故填themselves。
100.【to explain】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:年輕人渴望向世界展示自己的個(gè)性,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)家身份是區(qū)分自己和他人的好方法,而文化是解釋為什么年輕人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化充滿熱情的完美媒介。分析句子可知,此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ),修飾前面的名詞medium。故填to explain。
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