Unit 8 Green LivingⅠ.單句語法填空1．The next thing he saw(see) was smoke rising from behind the house.2．Looking at my classmates' faces，I read the same excitement(excite) in their eyes.3．How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn't do?4．I never expected those few items to come to so much.5．The ceremony is a survival(survive) from pre-christian times.6．The program counts the number of occurrences(occurrence) of any word within the text.7．It was all a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.8．Given equal opportunities，both Frank and Billy may accomplish the task.9．The heavy snow lasted(last) for a week,  causing a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.10．It was reported that 115 miners trapped in the flooded mine for eight days were(be) pulled out alive at last.Ⅱ.完形填空On March 10，2019，eight-year-old Tanitoluwa “Tani” Adewumi beat 73 young competitors to win the New York State Chess Championship in his age category—kindergarten to third grade.While the   1   is great，what is even more amazing is that the boy  began  learning the game less than a year ago.Tani and his family   2  in New York City from Nigeria in 2017.Soon after，Tani started to study at the   3   elementary school，P.S.116，which is near his  home.It was here that the young boy was first  introduced  to the chess.  4   by the game，the boy begged his mother，Oluwatoyin，to allow him to   5   the school's chess club.Considering that the family would be unable to afford the   6  ，Oluwatoyin emailed chess  teacher Russel Makofsky，who ran the club.To her surprise and   7  ，Makofsky agreed to charge young Tani nothing.The young boy made up his mind to practice harder in return for his   8  ．He has won seven important prizes in less than a year，and  ranks  27 in America in his age category.  9  the chess club certainly helps，Tani's success can be largely owed to (歸功于)his   10   to the game.The chess player  practises  the game for several hours a day.Every Saturday，Tani and his mother   11   to Harlem for a free 3-hour class to help further sharpen his game skills.He is now busy   12   the National Elementary Championships，which will be held in Nashville，TN.Winning the   13   will bring the chess player closer to his dream of becoming the world's   14   chess grand master (大師)．The record is now held by Russian chess player Sergey Alexandrovich Karjakin，who won the title in 2002 at the age of 12 years.We have no   15   that the determined boy will achieve his goal soon!【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了極具國際象棋天賦的8歲男孩Tanitoluwa “Tani” Adewumi的故事。1．A.agreement　　 B．achievementC．treatment   D．argumentB　[句意：雖然他的成就(achievement)很突出，但更加令人驚奇的是這個男孩開始學習下棋才不到一年。故選B。]2．A.stayed   B．workedC．lay   D．arrivedD　[句意： Tani和他的家人在2017年從尼日利亞到達紐約。故選D。]3．A.religious   B．localC．strict   D．distantB　[句意：不久之后在當?shù)氐囊凰W上學。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指很快，Tani開始在當?shù)氐?/span>(local)一所小學上學。故選B。]4．A.Confused   B．EncouragedC．Attracted   D．BeatenC　[句意：由于被這種游戲吸引，他懇求他的母親讓他加入學校的象棋俱樂部。根據(jù)第一段提到Tani在象棋方面取得的成績，以及下文“他加入學校的象棋俱樂部”可知，他被這種游戲吸引(attract)，才會有如此之成就。故選C。]5．A.found   B．runC．join   D．visitC　[句意：男孩懇求母親讓他加入象棋俱樂部。上文說男孩非常喜歡象棋，因此男孩懇求母親讓他加入(join)象棋俱樂部，故選C。]6．A.bills   B．tripsC．meals   D．feesD　[句意：考慮到他的家庭付不起加入俱樂部的費用。根據(jù)“unable to afford”可知，此處是指負擔不起費用(fee)……，故選D。]7．A.sadness   B．happinessC．puzzlement   D．angerB　[句意：令她感到吃驚并高興的是，Makofsky同意減免了她兒子的所有費用。根據(jù)后面“Makofsky agreed to charge young Tani nothing”可知， Makofsky同意減免了她兒子的所有費用。令她感到吃驚并高興(happiness)，故選B。]8．A.rescue   B．wishC．help   D．serviceC　[句意：這個小男孩下決心更加努力訓練來報答他的幫助。根據(jù)前一句“俱樂部減免了男孩的費用”，可知，小男孩努力訓練來報答他的幫助(help)。故選C。]9．A.If   B．UnlessC．Though   D．BecauseC　[句意：盡管(though)有象棋俱樂部的幫助。分析前后兩句，可知，此處是轉折關系。指的是“盡管(though)有象棋俱樂部的幫助，但是Tani的成功很大程度上歸功于他對這種游戲的摯愛(devotion)”，故選C。]10．A.devotion   B．actionC．reception   D．returnA　[參見上題解析。]11．A.return   B．leadC．point   D．headD　[句意：每個星期六，Tani和他的母親都會去Harlem免費上3個小時的課。head“前往，去……”，符合句意。故選D。]12．A.preparing for   B．waiting forC．caring for   D．searching forA　[句意：他現(xiàn)在忙于為全國小學錦標賽做準備。根據(jù)語境“which will be held in Nashville，TN”可知，比賽還沒有舉行，因此他現(xiàn)在忙于為全國小學錦標賽做準備(prepare for)。故選A。]13．A.friendship   B．warC．praise   D．competitionD　[句意：贏得這場比賽(competition)將會使他的成為世界上最年輕的象棋大師的夢想更近一步。故選D。]14．A.smallest   B．strongestC．youngest   D．tallestC　[句意：贏得這場比賽將會使他的成為世界上最年輕(youngest)的象棋大師的夢想更近一步。根據(jù)下一句“The record is now held by Russian chess player Sergey Alexandrovich Karjakin，who won the title in 2002 at the age of 12 years.”以及第一段第一句“2019年3月10日，八歲的阿德烏米擊敗73名年輕選手”，可知，與Sergey Alexandrovich Karjakin相比，如果他贏了，他是最年輕的象棋大師。故選C。]15．A.doubt   B．wonderC．problem   D．signA　[句意：毫無疑問，不久之后這個堅定的男孩一定會實現(xiàn)自己的目標。“no doubt”為固定搭配，意為“毫無疑問”，故選A。]Ⅲ.語法填空To understand how “modern art” began, a little historical background can be helpful.There was a rapidly increasing change in the 19th century.As 1.________ result of the Industrial Revolution (工業(yè)革命), great changes in manufacturing (制造業(yè)), transport, and technology began 2.________(affect) how people lived, worked, and travelled throughout Europe and America.These industry-inspired social changes led to not only greater prosperity (繁榮) but also 3.________ (crowd) living conditions for most workers.In turn, this led to the demand for the architecture, the demand for applied art and design and the appearance of wealthy businessmen 4.________ became art collectors and supporters.Many of the world's best art museums 5.________(establish) by these successful businessmen in the 19th century.Besides, two other 6.________ (invention) had a direct effect 7.________ fine art of the period.First, in 1841, the American painter John Rand invented the tin paint tube.Second, major advances were made in photography (攝影)，8.________ (allow) artists to take photos of views which could then help 9.________ (they) paint in the studio at a later date.Both of the developments would 10.________ (great) benefit a new style of painting known as “Impressionism”， which would have a huge influence upon how artists painted the world around them.【語篇解讀】　文章講述了現(xiàn)代藝術的起源和發(fā)展歷史。1．a　[考查冠詞。句意：由于工業(yè)革命，在制造業(yè)、運輸和技術方面的巨大變化開始影響人們?nèi)绾卧跉W洲和美國生活、工作和旅行。as a result of 是固定短語。故填a。]2．to affect/affecting　[考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。began之后可接動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語。故填to affect/affecting。]3．crowded　[考查形容詞。句意：這些工業(yè)性的社會變化不僅帶來了更繁榮的生活，而且也導致了大多數(shù)工人擁擠的生活條件。修飾后面的名詞 conditions，要用形容詞。故填crowded。]4．that/who　[考查定語從句。句意：相應地，這也導致了對建筑業(yè)的需求，對應用藝術和設計的需求，以及成為藝術收藏家和支持者的富商的出現(xiàn)。分析句子結構可知，空格之后為限定性定語從句，先行詞是businessmen，在定語從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who或that引導。故填who或that。]5．were established　[考查被動語態(tài)。句意：許多世界上最好的藝術博物館是由這些成功的商人在19世紀建立的。establish和主語Many of the world's best art museums構成動賓關系，所以要用被動語態(tài)，又因本句的時間狀語是 in the 19th century，所以用一般過去時，主語是復數(shù)。故填were established。]6．inventions　[考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：此外，另外兩項發(fā)明也對那個時期的美術作品產(chǎn)生了直接的影響。two other 作定語，所以要用復數(shù)形式。故填inventions。]7．on　[考查介詞。句意同上。固定短語have a(an)...effect on...表示“對……有影響”。故填 on。]8．allowing　[考查非謂語動詞。句意：第二，在攝影方面取得了重大進展，允許藝術家拍攝風景照片，這以后在晚些時候可以幫助他們繪畫。通過分析句子結構可知，該部分作狀語，且主語與allow為邏輯上的主謂關系，所以填現(xiàn)在分詞。故填allowing。]9．them　[考查代詞。句意同上。作 help的賓語，需要用賓格。故填them。]10．greatly　[考查副詞。句意：這兩項發(fā)展都將大大有利于一種被稱為“印象主義”的新繪畫風格，這將對藝術家如何繪制他們周圍的世界產(chǎn)生巨大影響。修飾動詞，應用副詞作狀語。故填greatly。]  

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