課時分層作業(yè)(三)Ⅰ.閱讀理解ALive in the City—Many of us yearn to live in the country，so we can be closer to nature and enjoy peace and quiet.However，when we do this there are less wild areas for wildlife.We need to develop a new environmental theory，which encourages people to stay in the cities.We have to make cities more livable and leave the remaining wild areas for the wildlife.Support Strict Zoning—Land use zoning(土地用途分區(qū)管制) is one of the few tools the government can use to protect wetlands，natural areas and environmental corridors.Unfortunately，such zoning is often opposed by powerful land developers or political forces.It's important for citizens to show support for zoning to offset these negative pressures.Support Organizations Preserving Rare Properties—Several groups specialize in buying and keeping pieces of important wildlife habitat which are threatened with development.Create Habitat in Your Backyard—You can make your own backyard habitat for wildlife by planting native plants，putting nest boxes in the trees and so on.Save Energy—We must work together to use less energy.This is important to stop climate change and global warming.Saving energy also reduces direct habitat losses and air and water pollution，all of which threaten wildlife.Limit Your Family Size—Each person requires space and natural resources to live.The human population is rapidly rising to levels which make it difficult to provide enough resources for humans while maintaining a healthy environment for wildlife.If each couple limited themselves to no more than 2 children，the world's population would stabilize(穩(wěn)定) and be able to support everyone without conflict or suffering.Get Involved and Talk to Law Makers—Many of our laws are not helpful for preserving wildlife habitat or saving energy，and some policies actually reward large energy users.Citizens need to contact their law makers and ask for better policies.【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了我們普通人可以做哪些事情來保護野生動物。1．What would be the best title for this passage?A．Where Should We Live in the Future?B．How to Protect Our Environment?C．Why Should We Save Energy?D．What Can We Do to Help Wildlife?D　[標題歸納題。本文中的幾項內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于我們普通人可以做哪些事情保護野生動物的。]2．The underlined word “yearn” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．A．hope　　 B．fearC．hate D．failA　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后半句的內(nèi)容，居住在鄉(xiāng)下能使人們親近大自然，享受平和安靜的生活，所以人們希望到鄉(xiāng)下居住。]3．Which of the following actions will NOT destroy the homes of wildlife?A．Building houses in the country.B．Putting nest boxes in the backyard.C．Releasing dirty water into a river.D．Couples having many children.B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，居住在鄉(xiāng)下、污染水資源和增加人口都會威脅到野生動物的家園，而人工放置鳥巢是保護野生動物的一種方式，所以選B項。]BEvery year，over 7.72 trillion kilograms of plastic is washed into the oceans.There are five huge areas in the world's oceans that are a “soup” of floating rubbish.One of these areas，the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP)，is three times as large as France.Over a year ago，a group called Ocean Cleanup began using a huge floating screen to try to clean up plastic pollution in the ocean.After several failures，the group is now collecting plastic in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.But the plastic is spreading out over a large area，so it's impossible to collect it piece by piece.So，the Ocean Cleanup had a plan.They got a long floating U-shaped tube with a screen hanging below it.As the tube and screen are pushed by the water and the winds，the U is meant to collect plastic rubbish，making it easy for a ship to collect and remove the plastic.The system uses the power of the wind and ocean，so it doesn't need fuel.The group began testing the first version，called “System 001”，last September.But it soon became clear that the screen was just moving with the plastic，not collecting it.Sometimes plastic would wash over the top of the tube.Even worse，“System 001” got broken by surging seas and had to be towed to Hawaii for repairs.But Mr.Slat，who got the idea for the Ocean Cleanup system，sees the project as an experiment，which means a failure is a chance to learn.The team collected and studied lots of information about what worked well and what didn't.Then they changed the design.In June，an improved version，called “System 001/B” was towed back to the GPGP.The new version has a parachute (降落傘) attached to it.This makes the system move slightly slower than the plastic，allowing the plastic to be collected inside，as planned.But this success is still just the beginning of the work of the Ocean Cleanup.They want a better and larger system.【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了每年有大量塑料垃圾被沖入海洋并漂浮在海面上，一個叫做Ocean Cleanup的團隊研制出了收集塑料垃圾的工具并不斷地進行完善。4．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?A．Humans should try to prevent plastic waste.B．The GPGP is facing different kinds of pollution.C．Plastic pollution in the oceans has become a serious problem.D．A series of problems has been caused by plastic pollution.C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，每年有超過7.72萬億公斤的塑料被沖進海洋。世界上有五個巨大的海洋區(qū)域是漂浮垃圾的“湯”。其中的大太平洋垃圾帶(GPGP)的面積是法國的三倍。由此可推知，在第一段中，作者通過列數(shù)字的方式是想表達海洋中的塑料污染已經(jīng)成為一個嚴重的問題。故選C。]5．What was the group's plan?A．To make use of the water and the winds.B．To create a ship to collect waste in the oceans.C．To collect the floating plastic waste piece by piece.D．To gather up the floating plastic waste in the oceans.D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Over a year ago，a group called Ocean Cleanup began using a huge floating screen to try to clean up plastic pollution in the ocean.After several failures，the group is now collecting plastic in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.(一年多前，一個名為海洋清理的組織開始使用一個巨大的浮動篩來清理海洋中的塑料污染。經(jīng)過幾次失敗后，該組織現(xiàn)在正在大太平洋垃圾帶收集塑料。)”由此可知，這個團體的計劃是收集海洋中漂浮的塑料垃圾。故選D。]6．What can we know about the “System 001”？A．It was a failure.B．It was a great success.C．It worked with a parachute.D．It needed to be fueled regularly.A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“But it soon became clear that the screen was just moving with the plastic，not collecting it.Sometimes plastic would wash over the top of the tube.Even worse，‘System 001’ got broken by surging seas and had to be towed to Hawaii for repairs.(但很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)，這塊篩只是隨著塑料的移動而移動，而不能收集垃圾。有時塑料會從管子的頂部沖洗出來。更糟糕的是，‘System 001’被洶涌的海浪打破，不得不被拖到夏威夷進行維修。)”以及第四段第一句“But Mr.Slat，who got the idea for the Ocean Cleanup system，sees the project as an experiment，which means a failure is a chance to learn.(但產(chǎn)生海洋清理系統(tǒng)想法的Slat認為，這個項目是一個實驗，也就是說，失敗是一個學習的機會。)”可知，“System 001”失敗了。故選A。]7．What does the underlined word“surging” mean in Paragraph 3?A．Vast. B．Rough.C．Calm. D．Peaceful.B　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Even worse，‘System 001’ got broken”可知有更糟糕的是，“System 001”被洶涌的海浪打破，不得不被拖到夏威夷進行維修。由此可知，畫線單詞意思為“洶涌的，猛烈的”。故選B。]Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。For many years，I had a recurring (重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的) dream.I was a little girl again，rushing about，trying to get ready for school.“Hurry，you'll be late for school，” my mother called to me.“I am hurrying，Mom! What did I do with my books？”Deep inside I knew where the dream came from.It was about some unfinished business in my life.As a kid，I loved everything about school.I loved books，teachers，tests and homework.Most of all I longed to someday march down the aisle (通道) to receive my diploma.That seemed more appealing even than getting married.But at 15，I had to drop out because my parents couldn't afford tuition.My hope of getting a diploma(畢業(yè)證書) was dead，or so I thought.Pretty soon，I married and had three children，and I thought：“There goes my diploma.”Even so，I wanted my children to be educated.But Linda，our youngest child，had juvenile arthritis (幼年型關(guān)節(jié)炎) in her hands and knees，which made it impossible for her to function in a normal classroom.I felt really sorry for her and I didn't want her to live her life with regret.I didn't give up hope of her being back to school in some way.One day，I saw an ad in the newspaper for evening courses.“That's the answer，” I said to myself.Linda always feels better in the evening，so I'll just sign her up for night school.Linda was busy filling out enrollment (入學) forms when the secretary said：“Mrs.Schantz，why don't you come back to school？”I laughed：“There's no way! I'm 55！” But he persisted，and before I knew what I had done，I was enrolled for classes in English and crafts.“This is only an experiment，” I warned him，but he just smiled.So，I told myself to try for just a semester and to see if it would work.Anyway，my dream was still there in my heart.注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式作答。It was exciting to go to school again but it was no game.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Linda and I helped each other through the time.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】It was exciting to go to school again but it was no game.Sitting in a classroom full of kids was awkward，even if most of them were respectful and encouraging. During the day，I was still a busy married woman having loads of housework to do.In the evening，I was a hardworking student working on my courses.To my surprise，both Linda and I did very well in night school.I went back again the next semester，and my grades steadily improved.Linda and I helped each other through the time.When I was down，Linda encouraged me.“Mom，you can't quit now！” And when she was down，I encouraged her.I have to say it was a time which was really hard on both of us.But neither of us gave up.At last，I got my diploma.To my surprise，almost all of my classmates voted for me to be class speaker，and I got a $3，000 college scholarship.The unfinished business in my dreams was eventually finished.【導(dǎo)讀】　《一個干凈明亮的地方》是海明威的早期作品，是一部典型的虛無主義小說，具有典型的海明威風格：文章以虛無思想為主題并大量使用簡潔句。A Clean，Well-lighted Place(excerpt)It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light.In the day time the street was dusty，but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference.The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk，and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying，so they kept watch on him.“Last week he tried to commit suicide，” one waiter said.“Why？”“He was in despair.”“What about？”“Nothing.”“How do you know it was nothing？”“He has plenty of money.”They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.A girl and a soldier went by in the street.The street light shone on the brass number on his collar.The girl wore no head covering and hurried beside him.“The guard will pick him up，”one waiter said.“What does it matter if he gets what he's after？” “He had better get off the street now.The guard will get him.They went by five minutes ago.”The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his glass.The younger waiter went over to him.“What do you want？”The old man looked at him.“Another  brandy，” he said.“You'll be drunk，” the waiter said.The old man looked at him.The waiter went away.“He'll stay all night，” he said to his colleague.“I'm sleepy now.I never get into bed before three o'clock.He should have killed himself last week.”The waiter took the brandy bottle and another saucer from the counter inside the cafe and marched out to the old man's table.He put down the saucer and poured the glass full of brandy.“You should have killed yourself last week，”he said to the deaf man.The old man motioned with his finger.“A little more，”he said.The waiter poured on into the glass so that the brandy slopped over and ran down the stem into the top saucer of the pile.“Thank you，” the old man said.The waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe.He sat down at the table with his colleague again.“He's drunk now，” he said.“He's drunk every night.”“What did he want to kill himself for？”“How should I know.”“How did he do it？”“He hung himself with a rope.”“Who cut him down？”“His niece.”“Why did they do it？”“Fear for his soul.”“How much money has he got？”“He's got plenty.”“He must be eighty years old.”“Anyway I should say he was eighty.”“I wish he would go home.I never get to bed before three o'clock.What kind of hour is that to go to bed？”“He stays up because he likes it.”“He's lonely.I'm not lonely.I have a wife waiting in bed for me.”“He had a wife once too.”“A wife would be no good to him now.”“You can't tell.He might be better with a wife.”“His niece looks after him.You said she cut him down.”“I know.”“I wouldn't want to be that old.An old man is a nasty thing.”“Not always.This old man is clean.He drinks without spilling.Even now，drunk.Look at him.”“I don't want to look at him.I wish he would go home.He has no regard for those who must work.”The old man looked from his glass across  the square，then over at the waiters.“Another brandy，” he said，pointing to his glass.The waiter who was in a hurry came over.“Finished，”he said，speaking with that  omission of syntax stupid people employ when  talking to drunken people or foreigners.“No more tonight.Close now.”“Another，”said the old man.“No.Finished.”The waiter wiped the edge of the table with a towel and shook his head.The old man stood up，slowly counted the saucers，took a leather coin purse from his pocket and paid for the drinks，leaving half a peseta tip.The waiter watched him go down the street，a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity.《一個干凈明亮的地方》(節(jié)選)時間很晚了，大家都離開餐館，只有一個老人還坐在樹葉擋住燈光的陰影里。白天，街上盡是塵埃，到了晚上，露水壓住了塵埃。這個老人喜歡坐得很晚，因為他是個聾人，現(xiàn)在是夜里，十分寂靜，他感覺得到跟白天的不同。待在餐館里的兩個侍者知道這老人有點兒醉了，他雖然是個好主顧，可是，他們知道，如果他喝得太醉了，他會不付賬就走，所以他們一直在留神他。    “上個星期他想自殺，”一個侍者說。“為什么？”“他絕望啦。”“干嗎絕望？”“沒事兒?！?/span>“你怎么知道是沒事兒？”“他有很多錢。”他們一起坐在緊靠著餐館大門墻邊的桌旁，眼睛望著平臺，那兒的桌子全都空無一人，只有那個老人坐在隨風輕輕飄拂的樹葉的陰影里。有個少女和一個大兵走過大街。街燈照在他那領(lǐng)章的銅號碼上。那個少女沒戴帽子，在他身旁匆匆走著。“警衛(wèi)隊會把他逮走，”一個侍者說。“如果他到手了他要找的東西，那又有什么關(guān)系呢？”“他這會兒還是從街上溜走為好。警衛(wèi)隊會找他麻煩，他們五分鐘前才經(jīng)過這里。”那老人坐在陰影里，用杯子敲敲茶托。那個年紀比較小的侍者走到他那兒。“你要什么？”老人朝他看了看。  “再來杯白蘭地，”他說。“你會喝醉的，”侍者說。老人朝他看了一看。侍者走開了。“他會通宵待在這里，”他對他的同事說。“我困了。我從來沒有在三點鐘以前睡覺過。他應(yīng)該在上星期就自殺了?！?/span>侍者從餐館里的柜臺上拿了一瓶白蘭地和另一個茶托，大步走了出來，送到老人桌上。他放下茶托，把杯子倒?jié)M了白蘭地。“你應(yīng)該在上星期就自殺了，”他對那個聾人說。老人把手指一晃。  “再加一點，”他說。侍者又往杯子里倒酒，酒溢了出來，順著高腳杯的腳流進了一疊茶托的第一只茶托。“謝謝你，”老人說。侍者把酒瓶拿回到餐館去。他又同他的同事坐在桌旁。“他這會兒喝醉了，”他說。“他每天晚上都喝醉?！?/span>“他干嗎要自殺呀？”“我怎么知道?！?/span>“他上次是怎樣自殺的？”“他用繩子上吊?！?/span>“誰把他放下來的？”“他侄女?！?/span>“干嗎要把他放下來？”“為他的靈魂擔憂?！?/span>“他有多少錢？”“他有很多錢。”“他準有八十歲嘍。”“不管怎樣，我算準他有八十歲。”“我真希望他回家去。我從來沒有在三點鐘以前睡覺過。那是個什么樣的睡覺時間呀？”“他因為不喜歡睡覺所以才不睡覺?！?/span>“他孤孤單單。我可不孤單。我有個老婆在床上等著我呢?！?/span>“他從前也有過老婆。”“這會兒有老婆對他可沒好處。”“話可不能這么說。他有老婆也許會好些?！?/span>“他侄女會照料他。你剛才說是她把他放下來的?！?/span>“我知道。”“我才不要活得那么老。老人邋里邋遢?！?/span>“不一定都是這樣。這個老人干干凈凈。他喝啤酒并不滴滴答答往外漏。哪怕這會兒喝醉了。你瞧他。”“我才不想瞧他。我希望他回家去。他并不關(guān)心那些非干活不可的人?！?/span>那老人從酒杯上抬起頭來望望廣場，又望望那兩個侍者。“再來杯白蘭地，”他指著杯子說。那個著急的侍者跑了過去。“沒啦，”他不顧什么句法地說，蠢漢在對醉漢或外國人說話時就這么說法?！敖裢砩蠜]啦。打烊啦?！?/span>“再來一杯?！蹦抢先苏f。“不，沒啦。”侍者一邊拿塊毛巾揩揩桌沿，一邊搖搖頭。老人站了起來，慢慢地數(shù)著茶托，從口袋里摸出一只裝硬幣的皮夾子來，付了酒賬，又放下半個比塞塔作小費。那個侍者瞅著他順著大街走去，這個年紀很大的人走起路來，雖然腳步不挺穩(wěn)，卻很有神氣。[知識積累]1．keep watch on 注意2．in despair   絕望地3．march out to   出發(fā)去……4．have no regard for   不尊重；不重視[文化鏈接]《一個干凈明亮的地方》內(nèi)容概要這篇小說所描述的是一位老人和兩位侍者的故事，其中老人這一人物形象看似微不足道，但從他自殺和飲酒的兩個選擇行為來分析，他是個展現(xiàn)了重壓之下的優(yōu)雅風度和精神不敗的尊嚴感的海明威式主人公。兩位侍者之間的對話引出了“虛無”這一主題，表明“虛無是對存在的體驗，人類只有在內(nèi)心保持一片干凈明亮的地方才能抵御虛無”。 

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