高中英語UNIT1Natureinthebalance預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道學(xué)案譯林版必修第三冊

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UNIT 1 Nature in the balanceⅠ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配(　　)1.soil A．n.昆蟲(　　)2.continent B．n.a large area of land，usually without  exact limits or borders(　　)3.million C．prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上(　　)4.species D．n.a substance needed to keep living  things alive and to help it to grow(　　)5.nutrient E．n.土壤；國土，領(lǐng)土，土地(　　)6.wildlife F．n.種，物種(　　)7.beneath G．n.animals，birds，insects，etc，that are wild  and live in a natural environment(　　)8.extinction H．n.大陸，陸地，洲(　　)9.insect I．num.一百萬；許多，大量(　　)10.region J．n.滅絕，絕種[答案]　1－5　EHIFD　6－10　GCJABB．短語匹配(　　)1.in turn A．逐漸增加，擴(kuò)大(　　)2.break down B．相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而(　　)3.breathe life into C．由于，因?yàn)?/span>(　　)4.due to D．使分解(為)，使變化(成)(　　)5.build up E．給……帶來起色，注入活力(　　)6.come up with F．?dāng)[脫，丟棄，扔掉(　　)7.call for G．使發(fā)生(或存在)(　　)8.spring to mind H．(公開)要求；需要(　　)9.get rid of I．想出，想到(　　)10.give rise to J．突然記起(或想到)[答案]　1－5　BDECA　6－10　IHJFGⅡ.默寫單詞1．harm n．& vt. 傷害，損害2．length n. 長，長度；時(shí)間的長短；篇幅，(電影)片長3．variety n. 不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，變體4．survive vi. 生存，存活         vt. 幸存，幸免于難5．thus adv. 因此，從而；這樣6．disappear vi. 不復(fù)存在，滅絕，消亡；消失；失蹤7．agriculture n. 農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)學(xué)8．impact n. 影響，作用；撞擊，沖撞       vi.& vt. 有影響；沖擊9．damage vt.& n. 損害，傷害，損壞，破壞10．climate n. 氣候；傾向，風(fēng)氣Ⅰ.語境填空absolutely；defence；nowhere；protest；profit；various；recycle；former；further；agriculture1．We have decided to take no further action.2．Students took to the streets to protest against the decision.3．The car park was absolutely packed solid with people.4．Nowhere else in the world can a tourist find cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.5．Her father was the former editor of the Saturday Review.6．The company made a healthy profit on the deal.7．Tents come in various shapes and sizes.8．She is going to recycle useful rubbish.9．The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade.10．What points can be raised in defence of this argument.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．He has made it absolutely(absolute) clear so you must have understood.2．A tracker(track) is a person who can find people or wild animals by following their prints.3．They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction(extinct)．4．His application(apply) for membership of the organization was rejected.5．As babies，we rely entirely(entire) on others for food.6．He's the president of a large international organization (organize)．7．There are conflicts between regional(region) and national interests.8．Some economic(economy) issues were discussed in the conference.9．The leaves of certain trees are poisonous(poison) to cattle.10．She earns her living (live)as a freelance journalist.1．With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.亞馬孫雨林面積約600萬平方公里，相當(dāng)于中國面積的一半以上。2．On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems.從山區(qū)流到海洋，這條河支撐著許多不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。3．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落葉。4．When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.當(dāng)美洲豹死亡時(shí)，一小群微生物幫助分解它的尸體，并將營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)還給大地。5．Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.此外，亞馬孫雨林還是一個(gè)有食用或藥用價(jià)值的物種寶庫。詞語助讀①play a significant role in 起重要作用②ecosystem n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)③continent n．大陸，陸地；洲④with an area of 面積是……⑤length n．長，長度；時(shí)間的長短；篇幅，(電影)片長⑥one in ten 十個(gè)中有一個(gè)，十分之一⑦species n．種，物種⑧water lily 睡蓮⑨variety n．不同種類；變化，多樣性；變種，體⑩wildlife n．野生動(dòng)植物，野生生物?beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上?survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難?feed on 以……為食?in turn 相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而?insect n．昆蟲?break down 使分解(為)，使變化(成)?nutrient n．營養(yǎng)素，營養(yǎng)物?breathe life into 給……帶來起色，注入活力?carbon n．碳?oxygen n．氧，氧氣thus adv.因此，從而；這樣agriculture n．農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)學(xué)cattle n．牛impact n．影響，作用；撞擊，沖撞 vi & vt.有影響；沖擊in danger of 處于……危險(xiǎn)中extinction n．滅絕，絕種原文呈現(xiàn)The Amazon rainforest：a natural treasureWelcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.[1] This is the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in①maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem②.[1]a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名詞the jungle的同位語。The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries，including Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France，all on the South American continent③.With an area of④around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.[2] The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑤—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth：one in ten⑥known species⑦in the world can be found here.[2]more than half the size of China 是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一：“倍數(shù)＋the size of＋被比較的對象”。Of the 390，000 plant species known to us，more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat；these water lilies⑧are big enough to lie down on.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety⑨of wildlife⑩.At the bottom，there is a system of roots beneath? the ground.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. [3]The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things.[3] 本句是完全倒裝句，由“介詞短語＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語”構(gòu)成。More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.While a significant number of jaguars survive? here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain.They feed on? at least 87 species，including frogs.These frogs，in turn?，feed on insects? which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down? its body and return the nutrients? to the earth.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into? the planet by fixing carbon? and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen?.Thus，it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us.Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agricultureand cattlefarming. [4] As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “l(fā)ungs of the planet”？[4] 時(shí)間狀語為“Over the past 50 years”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。譯文參考亞馬孫雨林：自然寶庫歡迎來到這片叢林，這是一片綠色的海洋，到處都可以聽到動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音。這是亞馬孫雨林。作為世界上最大的熱帶雨林，它在維持地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的良好平衡方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。亞馬孫雨林橫跨南美大陸的八個(gè)國家，包括巴西、秘魯以及法國的一個(gè)海外地區(qū)。亞馬孫雨林面積約600萬平方公里，相當(dāng)于中國面積的一半以上。亞馬孫雨林得名于亞馬孫河。亞馬孫河接近6 400千米，比長江還長約100千米。從山區(qū)流到海洋，這條河支撐著許多不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。它們使這個(gè)地區(qū)擁有地球上最豐富的生物多樣性：世界上已知的物種有十分之一在這里能夠被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在我們已知的39萬種植物中，有4萬多種能在亞馬孫雨林中找到。高大而古老的巴西堅(jiān)果樹出產(chǎn)我們可以吃的堅(jiān)果；這些睡蓮大得可以讓人躺在上面。雨林的不同層次使種類多到難以置信的野生動(dòng)植物得以生存。在底部，有一個(gè)地表下的根系。在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落葉。再往上的一層是長著大葉的較矮的植物。然后是高聳而古老的闊葉樹，最后是離地面好幾米高的最高樹木的樹梢。雨林的每一層都形成了自己的小世界，成為各種生物的家園。1 300多種鳥類和400多種哺乳動(dòng)物藏身于亞馬孫雨林的植物中。這只美洲豹就是一個(gè)例子。它長著一身帶黑色斑點(diǎn)的黃褐色的皮毛。盡管相當(dāng)多的美洲豹在這里生存，但它們僅是這個(gè)雨林食物鏈的一個(gè)要素。它們以包括青蛙在內(nèi)的至少87種動(dòng)物為食。相應(yīng)地，這些青蛙以昆蟲為食，而昆蟲則吃樹葉和水果。當(dāng)美洲豹死亡時(shí)，一小群微生物幫助分解它的尸體，并將營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)還給大地。亞馬孫雨林通過固定碳，并產(chǎn)生超過全球總量的20%的氧氣，使得地球生生不息。因此，它經(jīng)常被稱為“地球之肺”。此外，亞馬孫雨林還是一個(gè)有食用或藥用價(jià)值的物種寶庫。然而，這些不能替代的動(dòng)植物面臨著一個(gè)主要的危險(xiǎn)：我們?nèi)祟悺Ｔ谶^去的50年里，由于農(nóng)耕和養(yǎng)牛等人類活動(dòng)，約17%的雨林已經(jīng)消失了。隨著人類活動(dòng)的影響不斷增加，瀕危物種名單越來越長，這就留給我們一個(gè)問題：我們能承擔(dān)得起損傷“地球之肺”的后果嗎？