專題05 高頻語(yǔ)法之定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句與語(yǔ)法填空-2022年高考英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)班二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（新高考專用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

一、定語(yǔ)從句
1. 思維導(dǎo)圖
2. 高考真題再現(xiàn)
1.（2021.1 浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空）
BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl 2 gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
2. （2020新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷高考真題）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almst lifelike.
3.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield， ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les.
4.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
5.【2019·浙江卷·語(yǔ)法填空】On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___58___gives ff light in the dark.
6.【2019·北京卷·語(yǔ)法填空】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
7.【2019·北京卷·語(yǔ)法填空】The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse ___9___ are ttally engaged(參與)in academic life.
8.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes (cause).
9.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空】The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment _started_ (start) a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
10.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
3. 考試技巧
語(yǔ)法填空解題策略
1. 確定定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的解題要領(lǐng):根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中所缺成分來(lái)確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。
2. 關(guān)系詞應(yīng)遵循“缺什么, 補(bǔ)什么”的原則
(1)如果先行詞指人, 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ), 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用wh/that; 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用wh。
(2)如果先行詞指人, 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ), 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用wh/that/whm; 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用whm。
(3)如果先行詞指物, 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用which/that; 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用which。
(4)如果先行詞指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn), 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 則用when或where; 如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 則用that或which。
(5)在“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中如果先行詞指人, 則關(guān)系詞用whm; 如果先行詞指物, 則用which。
4. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展
1：考點(diǎn)梳理
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞；
限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；
“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)；
關(guān)系詞之間的異同及選用。
考點(diǎn)1 定語(yǔ)從句的種類
(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句
從句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明確，與主句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。
This is the huse which we bught last mnth.
(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
從句是對(duì)主句或先行詞的補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明，去掉后不影響主句的意思，與主句之間往往用逗號(hào)隔開。
The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.
當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞/指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith, wh was my frmer teacher, retired last year.
My huse, which I bught last year, has gt a lvely garden.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
考點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
考點(diǎn)3 關(guān)系代詞that和which的特殊用法
1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只用關(guān)系代詞that的情況：
(1)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nthing, little, much, few等不定代詞。
I will tell yu everything that I knw.
(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾。
What is the first freign city that yu have ever been t?
(3)先行詞被the nly, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, n, little, much, sme等限定詞修飾。
Chatting is the nly thing that interests her.
(4)先行詞中既有人也有物。
The things and persns that they mentined are strange t me.
(5)在which或wh的特殊疑問(wèn)句中含有定語(yǔ)從句。
Wh is the by that is lying under the tree?
2. 先行詞指物時(shí)，只用關(guān)系代詞which的情況：
(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The huse in which we live is very large.
(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
(3)先行詞本身是that。
What is that which yu have put int yur schlbag just nw?
考點(diǎn)4 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
考點(diǎn)5 關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
1. 位置不同。
as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句不能位于句首。
As we all knw, life is nt a bed f rses.
Life is nt a bed f rses, which we all knw.
2. 意義不同。
as意為“正如，就像”，引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)人的觀點(diǎn)、事物的習(xí)慣性等意義，主要起承上啟下的作用；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”，引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。
As ften happened, they wn the ftball game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us frm ging ut.
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被such, s, as等詞修飾時(shí)，一般用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
Such bks as yu want are sld ut.

二、名詞性從句
1. 思維導(dǎo)圖

2. 高考真題再現(xiàn)
1.（2021.6新高考1卷）Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
2. （2020浙江高考真題）Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
3.【2019·北京卷·語(yǔ)法填空】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
4.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空】While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.

3. 考試技巧
【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】
語(yǔ)法填空解題策略名詞性從句做題兩步驟
第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句;第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞;若從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ), 用連接代詞; 若缺少狀語(yǔ)就用連接副詞; 如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。

4. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展
1：考點(diǎn)梳理
主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的基本用法；
易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；
名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分。
考點(diǎn)1 基本用法
考點(diǎn)2 主語(yǔ)從句
1. 引導(dǎo)詞
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)的從句叫作主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：
(1)從屬連詞： that, whether, if
(2)連接代詞：what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
(3)連接副詞：hw, when, where, why, hwever, whenever, wherever
2. it作形式主語(yǔ)
在通常情況下，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將that從句置于句尾。用it作形式主語(yǔ)通常有以下四種句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容詞＋從句：
It is necessary that... 有必要……
It is imprtant that... 重要的是……
It is bvius that... 很明顯……
(2)It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋從句：
It is believed that... 人們相信……
It is knwn t all that... 眾所周知……
It has been decided that... 已決定……
(3)It＋be＋名詞(短語(yǔ))＋從句：
It is cmmn knwledge that... ……是常識(shí)
It is a surprise that... 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that... 事實(shí)是……
(4)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)＋從句：
It appears that... 似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It ccurs t sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It desn’t matter whether... ……沒(méi)有關(guān)系
考點(diǎn)3 賓語(yǔ)從句
考點(diǎn)4 表語(yǔ)從句
1. 引導(dǎo)詞
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句叫作表語(yǔ)從句，可接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, seem, lk, sund, taste, feel, remain, appear等。表語(yǔ)從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞有：
(1)從屬連詞： that, whether
(2)連接代詞： what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
(3)連接副詞： hw, when, where, why
2. 幾種特殊的表語(yǔ)從句
(1) as if/thugh 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
此類表語(yǔ)從句常出現(xiàn)在seem, lk, sund, taste, feel, appear等連系動(dòng)詞后，從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
It sunds as if yu are frm Canada.
It seemed as if she had heard the news.
(2) because和why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
此類表語(yǔ)從句常用于以下句型：
this/that is why... 這/那是……的原因
this/that is because... 這/那是因?yàn)椤?br>注意：主句主語(yǔ)是reasn時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，而不用because或why。
The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk.
The reasn fr yesterday’s accident is that the driver was drunk.
考點(diǎn)5 同位語(yǔ)從句
考點(diǎn)6 連詞whether和if在名詞性從句中的使用
1. 用whether或if均可的情況
(1) whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)大部分動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，兩者均可。
(2) it作形式主語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)從句在句末時(shí)，兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abrad.
2. 用whether而不用if的情況
(1)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首
Whether we will g camping depends n the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句
The questin is whether we can get in tuch with him.
He must answer the questin whether he will attend the meeting.
(3)引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句
Everything depends n whether we have free time.
(4)引導(dǎo)詞與r nt連用
He desn’t knw whether r nt he is ging t stay.
(5)引導(dǎo)詞后接t d
They needed mre time t cnsider whether t hld a meeting.
(6)有些動(dòng)詞如discuss, decide等后的賓語(yǔ)從句
We discussed whether we shuld hld a meeting.
(7)避免用if引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生歧義
Let me knw whether yu are cming t ur party.
三、模擬演練
1
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
English perfectly shws the “netwrk effects” f a glbal tngue: the mre peple use it, the mre useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encuraging the 2. (grw)f private schling. Educatin authrities are switching t English medium, in part t cntrl the utflw(外流) f children int the private sectr.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at hme and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is nt 5. case in mst public and lw-cst private schls. Children are taught in a language they dn’t understand by teachers 6. English is pr. The children learn neither English nr anything else.
Research shws that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mther tngue than they d when they are taught in any ther language. In a study f children in 12 schls in Camern last mnth, thse taught in Km 8. (d)better than thse taught in English in all subjects.
English shuld be an imprtant subject at schl, but nt 9. (necessary)the language f instructin. Rather than switching t English-medium teaching, gvernments fearful f 10. (lse) custm (光顧) t the private sectr shuld lk at the many pssible ways f imprving public schls.
2
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Pinyin is a successful tl, which 11. (teach) in China t schl kids. It is nt merely used by westerners like us. It has prved t be a useful tl fr Chinese peple 12. (they) t learn standard prnunciatin in their early educatin.
The first step is t learn hw 13. (prnunce) each letter in pinyin crrectly and the meaning f the tne markers. Then yu have t d 14. (drill) as many as yu can. Turn that int a game. It can be 15. (much) fun than yu wuld expect. Start 16. single syllables and d that a lt and then syllable pairs. Slwly mve n t larger grups. Understand the initial, final and the tnes.
But mst imprtantly, 17. yu need is gd feedback. Yu’d better have smene that can crrect yur mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen t yu and crrect yu. If yu take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (prbable) have yu d drills every class. D this very seriusly.
If yu are self-studying, try t meet native Chinese peple and ask them t give yu sme feedback. Otherwise, try t be self-critical and listen very carefully. Gd 20. (listen) is mre than 50% f what it takes t prnunce crrectly.
3
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Have yu ever met anyne f yur age frm America? D yu think yu wuld have a lt 21. cmmn with the middle schl students there?
In fact, there are lts f 22. (different). Fr example, classes in American schls are 23. (small) than urs. Mst classes in America have n mre than 30 students. Mst students in the US dn’t wear schl unifrms, and they never d grup exercises each day the way we d. 24. we d exercises in the mrning tgether will make them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing yu think abut when yu get up in the mrning? It’s 25. (prbable) yur lessns at schl. Yu may wnder26. yu have finished yur hmewrk. Chinese students are always under lts f pressure bth at hme 27. at schl. They study hard at night, and smetimes even n weekends because exams are very imprtant t them.
Fr Chinese students, schl is life, but nt fr American students. They dn’t have t wrry abut passing exams all the time, s they can spend time in and ut f schl 28. (d) things they enjy. Students d different things fr fun. Playing sprts, making music and surfing the website are all their favrite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isn’t enugh t make gd students. They encurage students 30. (try) lts f different things.
4
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Three-quarters f the wrld's cffee farms destry frest habitat t grw cffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(殺蟲劑) and 31. (chemical) that pisn the envirnment. When frests disappear, migratry (遷徙的)sngbirds disappear, t. In rder t deal with increasing ppulatin and habitat 32. (lse)，Smithsnian scientists created the Bird Friendly certificatin (證書).
Bird Friendly cffees are shade-grwn, meaning the cffee is planted under trees, rather than n the land that 33. (clear) f all ther plants. Cffee experts say shade-grwn cffees taste 34. (gd), because the beans ripen slwer than cffee grwn in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, mre cmplex flavr (味道). Bird Friendly certified cffees grw under bi-diverse shade that prvides habitat fr migratry sngbirds and ther wildlife, stres carbn 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly cffees are als certified rganic, meaning they are grwn withut pesticides, 37. is better fr peple and fr the planet.
Bird Friendly prducers can als earn mre fr their crps. The wd and fruit trees n shade cffee farms prvide additinal incme 38. farmers. Every cup f Bird Friendly cffee bught rewards these farmers with a little mre mney fr taking gd care f the envirnment and encurages them t cntinue 39. (prtect) Bird Friendly habitat.
Yu can buy Bird Friendly certified cffees thrughut the wrld and prtect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a stre r cafe near yu, r better yet, have it 40. (deliver) t yur dr when yu rder nline.
關(guān)系詞
先行詞
從句成分
例句
備注
關(guān)
系
代
詞
wh
人
主語(yǔ)
D yu knw the man wh is talking with yur mther?
whm,which和that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常可以省略,但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that
whm
人
賓語(yǔ)
Mr Smith is the persn with whm I am wrking.
The by (whm) she lved died in the war.
whse
人、物
定語(yǔ)
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
The by whse father wrks abrad is my deskmate.
that
人、物
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.
which
物
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
The bk (which) I gave yu was wrth $10.
The picture which was abut the accident was terrible.
as
人、物
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.
This is the same pen as I lst yesterday.
as作賓語(yǔ)一般不省略
關(guān)
系
副
詞
when
時(shí)間
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
I will never frget the day when we met there.
可用n which替換
where
地點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
This is the huse where I was brn.
可用in which替換
why
原因
原因狀語(yǔ)
I can’t imagine the reasn why he turned dwn my ffer.
可用fr which替換
類別
語(yǔ)法意義及特征
例句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明,與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ),不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略
His mther,whm he lved deeply,died ten years ag.
引導(dǎo)詞類別
常見引導(dǎo)詞
作用
連接代詞
what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等成分
連接副詞
hw, when, where, why, hwever, whenever, wherever
有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)成分
從屬連詞
that, whether, if
除that外均有詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，只起連接作用
動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句
I want t knw what he has tld yu.
介詞+wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
His father is wrried abut whether he wuld lse his wrk.
besides/beynd/but/except/that (除了)
Have yu heard anything beynd that he is ill?
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us crrect ur mistakes.
find,feel,think,cnsider,make,believe等+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day.
hate,enjy,like,lve,dislike,see t等+it+賓語(yǔ)從句
I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.
形容詞+賓語(yǔ)從句
I’m sure that they can make it.
常見的能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞
belief,fact,hpe,idea,dubt,news,cnclusin,suggestin,prblem,rder,answer,decisin,explanatin,infrmatin,thught,wrd
引導(dǎo)詞
同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略
例句
The news that ur wmen vlleyball team had wn the champinship encuraged us all greatly.
The questin where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.

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