
一、非謂語動(dòng)詞
1. 思維導(dǎo)圖
2. 高考真題再現(xiàn)
一、2021年高考真題
1.(2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空)
Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,因?yàn)槊~legs與動(dòng)詞ache為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處應(yīng)該填現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾 legs。故填aching。
2.(2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空)
It is pssible 3 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
【答案】 t walk
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句是典型的It is adj. + t d的形式,故填 t walk 。
3.(2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空)
After 4 (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。After 介詞后加ding形式,故填spending。
4.(2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空)
Minimize the impact f 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析題目,句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,判斷空格處填非謂語動(dòng)詞??仗幾鹘樵~f的賓語,所以應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。句意:最小化參觀一個(gè)地方的影響。故填visiting。
5.(2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空)
Activitithere range frm whale watching t hiking (遠(yuǎn)足) and accmmdatins aim 10 (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
【答案】t have
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析題目,句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,判斷此處填非謂語動(dòng)詞。aim t d sth,意為 "目的在于做某事" ,因此應(yīng)填不定式形式。句意:……并且食宿是為了對(duì)自然環(huán)境有小的影響。故填t have。
6.(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)
Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 8 (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
【答案】 t plant
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。句意:瑪麗的妹妹經(jīng)常來拜訪,在前院里種些花。
7.(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)
In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:1985年,這個(gè)國(guó)家3/4的城市里的被調(diào)查男女的BMI值比偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的男女?dāng)?shù)值高。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知study做urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries的定語,動(dòng)詞分詞做定語與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故答案為 studied。
8.(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 (live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
【答案】 living
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這可能是因?yàn)樽≡卩l(xiāng)村的人們的條件不好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 live in the cuntryside是peple的后置定語,動(dòng)詞分詞作定語且live與邏輯主語peple是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故答案為living。
二、2020年高考真題
1.(2020·新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空)Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
【答案】t find
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:中國(guó)的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號(hào)上的設(shè)備來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的,應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語。故填t find。
2. (2020·新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空)They represent the earth 63. (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
【答案】cming
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對(duì)新開端的美好祝愿。句中謂語動(dòng)詞為represent,所以這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞。名詞earth與cme back t之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填cming。
3. (2020·新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空)They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65. (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
【答案】 decrated
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:它們是很好的禮物,你會(huì)經(jīng)??吹剿鼈冄b飾著紅包和好運(yùn)的信息。句中them指代前句中的range trees,與decrate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填decrated。
4. (2020·新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空)They are easy 68. (care) fr and make great presents.
【答案】 t care。
【解析】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:它們很容易照顧,也很適合作為禮物。這里考查“be +形容詞 + t d”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填t care。
5. (2020·新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空)The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67. (find) the well-knwn painter.
【答案】 t find
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:第二天早上,他租了一條船,出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家。結(jié)合句意表示“出發(fā)去做某事”短語為set ut t d sth.,后跟不定式做目的狀語。故填t find。
6. (2020·新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空)And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69. (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
【答案】 surrunding
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)他看到霧氣從河上升起,山頂上烏云環(huán)繞,他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,the sft cluds 69 (surrund) the muntain tps是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,surrund在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,與邏輯主語cluds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填surrunding。
7.(2020·山東新高考語法填空) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模擬) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43.(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲,想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分,共同做imagine的賓補(bǔ),imagine sb ding sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
8. (2020·浙江卷語法填空) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60.(change)lives.
【答案】 t change
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)改變生活的力量。分析句子,簡(jiǎn)單句中已有動(dòng)詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句意,此處需用不定式表示目的。故填t change。
9. (2020·浙江卷語法填空)Later,they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 63. (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:后來,他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜,在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種,在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子,make所處的分句中無主語,故此處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞。make use f和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動(dòng)”關(guān)系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(ding)形式做狀語。故填making。
三、2019年高考真題
1.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
【答案】t perfrm
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后,常用不定式作原因或目的狀語,句意:跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來開始采用,并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的,故此處用t perfrm。
2.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
【答案】nting
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式,故填nting。
3.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
【答案】 being
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞fr可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語,故填being。
4.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
【答案】t retire
【解析】考查不定式作定語。此處用t d sth做后置定語,用來修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計(jì)劃”,故填t retire。
5.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed,we thught it was ___a__ jke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語從句可知,此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語,解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容,call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填saying。
6.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】On ur way t the huse,it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】t get
【解析】考查非謂語。 句意:我們?nèi)滩蛔∠胫肋€要多久才能到那里。該句中考查了固定用法:It takes time t d sth.:花時(shí)間做某事,該句式中it作形式主語,time做賓語,使用不定式作真正的主語。而句中只是在對(duì)賓語時(shí)間,用hw lng 對(duì)其進(jìn)行提問,不影響不定式的使用,故答案為t get。
7.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】On the last day f ur week-lng stay,we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars,___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句謂語動(dòng)詞為“were invited”,所以70題空格處動(dòng)詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。聽音樂這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由we發(fā)出的,所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題,and后meeting interesting lcals為分詞形式,故空格處填listening。
8.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)孩子們?cè)诤诎档脑绯坎叫谢蝌T車上學(xué)時(shí),汽車司機(jī)很容易看到它們。r連接兩個(gè)并列成分,根據(jù)r前的walking可知,此處要用cycling。故填cycling。
9.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
【答案】t wear
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:但是,有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服。want t d sth想要做某事,這里是動(dòng)詞不定式作t的賓語。故填t wear。
10.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn),我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此處是做句子的狀語,要用非謂語動(dòng)詞,其邏輯主語是I,與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing。
11.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】Earth Day,___4___(mark)n 22 April,is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:地球日于4月22日舉行,是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度活動(dòng)。分析句式可知,設(shè)空處是要做名詞Earth Day的后置定語,且與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用過去分詞。故填marked。
四、2018年高考真題
1.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
【答案】62. t see ; 63.dying
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的狀語。你不必跑地太快或時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語,故填t see。63.考查動(dòng)名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重,但仍然通過跑步會(huì)減少早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此處f是介詞,其后用動(dòng)名詞。故填dying。
2.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
【答案】t imprve
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動(dòng)詞是encurages,故imprve應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填t imprve。
3.【2018·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】64.lking;65.challened
【解析】64.考查動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞avid后要加ding。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
65.考查非謂語。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示不直視他的眼睛,他就不會(huì)感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動(dòng)詞,表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”,用過去分詞challenged。
4.【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】此處指我記得去拜訪一個(gè)在這里住了五年的朋友,表示記得做過某事用remember ding sth., 故填visiting。
3. 考試技巧
語法填空解題策略
1. 巧記三種非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的基本區(qū)別
(1)若非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且正在進(jìn)行, 要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(ding);
(2)若非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且表完成, 要想到用過去分詞形式(dne);
(3)若非謂語動(dòng)詞表將來的動(dòng)作, 作狀語表示目的, 在喜怒哀樂的形容詞后作原因或意料之外的結(jié)果等, 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2. 掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的句型公式
It’s+形容詞+(fr/f sb. +)t d sth. ;It’s n gd/use/pleasure ding sth. ;find/think/believe/cnsider+it+ adj. +t d sth. 。
3. 牢記用動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞
4. 巧辨謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞
(1)一個(gè)句子無論是主句還是從句, 必須要有謂語, 一般空格所在的句子中無其他動(dòng)詞, 則填謂語動(dòng)詞。謂語動(dòng)詞要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主謂一致等;
(2)若句中找到了謂語動(dòng)詞, 而又找不到連詞(并列連詞或從句連詞)時(shí), 則所給動(dòng)詞一定用作非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞需要確定是-ing 形式、過去分詞形式還是不定式。
4. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展
1:考點(diǎn)梳理
非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語的用法;
非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語的用法;
非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的用法;
非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的用法;
非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語的用法;
非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。
考點(diǎn)1 基本用法
考點(diǎn)2 非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語
1. 動(dòng)詞-ing和不定式都可作主語,但動(dòng)詞-ing多表示一般情況,而不定式常指具體情況。
Teaching English is my jb.
T write an email t the manager is my wrk tday.
2. 動(dòng)詞-ing和不定式作主語時(shí),句子前后應(yīng)保持結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
T see is t believe.
3. “there be+n+主語”這種結(jié)構(gòu)中通常用動(dòng)詞-ing作主語,而不用不定式。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不可能,無法”,相當(dāng)于“it is impssible t d sth.”。
There is n reasning with him.
注意:本句型中的n有時(shí)可用nt any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.
4. 不定式作主語一般可以用形式主語it代替。
T keep healthy is imprtant.
=It is imprtant t keep healthy.
注意:It is+adj.+fr sb. t d sth. 中adj.常為表示不定式行為性質(zhì)的詞(imprtant, impssible, right等),如:It is impssible fr a man t fly by himself. 而It is+adj.+f sb. t d sth.中adj.為表示人的品質(zhì)的詞(kind, flish, clever, wrng, wise, nice等),如It is kind f yu t help me with my English.
5. 動(dòng)詞-ing作主語用形式主語it代替時(shí),常在特定結(jié)構(gòu)It is wrthwhile/n gd/n use/a waste f...中使用。
It is a waste f time regretting fr the past.
6. 單個(gè)不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);并列不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing作主語時(shí)若指整體概念,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。
T learn a freign language well is nt easy.
Taking exercise des gd t yur health.
Ging t bed early and getting up early is a gd habit.
7. “疑問詞+t d”結(jié)構(gòu)可以作主語、賓語和表語。
Where t find the lst keys is still a prblem.
I was wndering hw t get there.
My prblem is when t change the plan.
考點(diǎn)3 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語
考點(diǎn)4 非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語
1. 不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing和過去分詞均可作表語。但不定式表示具體情況,而動(dòng)詞-ing表示通常狀況,動(dòng)詞-ing和過去分詞均表示主語的狀態(tài)。
Tny’s plan is t finish his essay by the end f this mnth.
My favurite sprt is playing vlleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is wrn ut.
2. 過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別:
My mney is stlen. (主系表結(jié)構(gòu),表狀態(tài)或結(jié)果,多為一般時(shí)態(tài))
My mney was stlen by an unemplyed guy. (被動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作)
3. 動(dòng)詞-ing作表語與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別:
His favrite sprt is playing ftball. (主系表結(jié)構(gòu))
His behavir is pleasing. (主系表結(jié)構(gòu))
He is playing ftball. (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
4. 形容詞化的過去分詞和動(dòng)詞-ing
很多情感化的過去分詞和動(dòng)詞-ing在使用中都已轉(zhuǎn)化成為形容詞,用作表語或狀語。一般而言,動(dòng)詞-ing表屬性,過去分詞表心理活動(dòng),常見的有:interest, mve, tuch, wrry, inspire, encurage, disappint, please, satisfy, bre, tire, invite, puzzle, cnfuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astnish, shck, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discurage, anny, exhaust等。
The pictures n the wall interest me.
The pictures n the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures n the wall.
考點(diǎn)5 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語
考點(diǎn)5 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語
1. 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing和過去分詞作定語,應(yīng)置于被修飾的名詞前。
a sleeping by(動(dòng)詞-ing作定語表示被修飾名詞的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài))
fallen leaves(不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語只表示結(jié)果)
the brken glass(及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語既表示被動(dòng)又表示完成)
2. 動(dòng)詞-ing短語、過去分詞短語和不定式作定語,應(yīng)置于被修飾的名詞之后。
The persn speaking_nw is ur manager. (正在講話)
The persn t_speak is ur manager. (將要講話)
The rm already_repaired is my ffice. (已經(jīng)維修)
The rm being_repaired is my ffice. (正在維修)
The rm t_be_repaired is my ffice. (將要維修)
注意:①修飾序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞只能用不定式作定語。如:Lucy is always the first t cme.
②在句型have/give/find/need/want+賓語+t d中,不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如:I have a lt f wrk t d tday.
③There be句型中的非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語,表意如下:
There is much wrk t d /t be dne. (將要做)
There is a white dg running n the playgrund. (正在跑)
There were peple killed in the accident. (已經(jīng)喪生)
④有些名詞常接不定式作定語,如have the ability/the right/the chance/the curage/n time t d...
考點(diǎn)6 非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語
二、模擬演練
1
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
English perfectly shws the “netwrk effects” f a glbal tngue: the mre peple use it, the mre useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encuraging the 2. (grw)f private schling. Educatin authrities are switching t English medium, in part t cntrl the utflw(外流) f children int the private sectr.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at hme and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is nt 5. case in mst public and lw-cst private schls. Children are taught in a language they dn’t understand by teachers 6. English is pr. The children learn neither English nr anything else.
Research shws that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mther tngue than they d when they are taught in any ther language. In a study f children in 12 schls in Camern last mnth, thse taught in Km 8. (d)better than thse taught in English in all subjects.
English shuld be an imprtant subject at schl, but nt 9. (necessary)the language f instructin. Rather than switching t English-medium teaching, gvernments fearful f 10. (lse) custm (光顧) t the private sectr shuld lk at the many pssible ways f imprving public schls.
【答案】
1. t master
2. grwth
3. what
4. in
5. the
6. whse
7. mre
8. did
9. necessarily
10. lsing
【分析】
這是一篇議論文。短文闡述了兒童教學(xué)宜采用母語,而非英語。
1. 考查動(dòng)詞不定式。expect sb t d sth “期望某人做某事”為固定短語。故填 t master。
2. 考查名詞。 the +名詞+f...“。。。。。。。的”。故填grwth。
3. 考查連接代詞。分析句子可知,is后接表語從句。在表語從句中,what作speak的賓語。故填 what。
4. 考查介詞。be fluent in“在方面流利”為固定短語。故填in。
5. 考查冠詞。this is nt the case“情況不是這樣”為固定短語。故填the。
6. 考查關(guān)系代詞。分析句子可知,teachers 為先行詞,在后面的定語從句中作定語,所以關(guān)系代詞為whse。故填whse。
7. 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。由“than”可知,空處應(yīng)填much的比較級(jí)mre。故填mre。
8. 考查一般過去時(shí)。由“l(fā)ast mnth”可知,本句為一般過去時(shí)。所以空處填did。故填did 。
9. 考查副詞。necessarily為副詞修飾整個(gè)句子。故填necessarily。
10. 考查動(dòng)名詞。f 為介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填lsing。
2
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Pinyin is a successful tl, which 11. (teach) in China t schl kids. It is nt merely used by westerners like us. It has prved t be a useful tl fr Chinese peple 12. (they) t learn standard prnunciatin in their early educatin.
The first step is t learn hw 13. (prnunce) each letter in pinyin crrectly and the meaning f the tne markers. Then yu have t d 14. (drill) as many as yu can. Turn that int a game. It can be 15. (much) fun than yu wuld expect. Start 16. single syllables and d that a lt and then syllable pairs. Slwly mve n t larger grups. Understand the initial, final and the tnes.
But mst imprtantly, 17. yu need is gd feedback. Yu’d better have smene that can crrect yur mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen t yu and crrect yu. If yu take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (prbable) have yu d drills every class. D this very seriusly.
If yu are self-studying, try t meet native Chinese peple and ask them t give yu sme feedback. Otherwise, try t be self-critical and listen very carefully. Gd 20. (listen) is mre than 50% f what it takes t prnunce crrectly.
【答案】
11. is taught
12. themselves
13. t prnunce
14. drills
15. mre
16. with
17. what
18. wh
19. prbably
20. listening
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。短文就如何學(xué)習(xí)好中國(guó)的拼音提出了一些建議。
11. 考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。分析句子可知,tl為先行詞,在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語,且與謂語teach為被動(dòng)。因?yàn)楸揪湓诮榻B“拼音”,所以本句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is taught 。
12. 考查反身代詞。分析句子可知,拼音已被證明是中國(guó)人在早期教育中學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音的有用工具。所以Chinese peple 與they的反身代詞為同位關(guān)系,所以填反身代詞themselves。故填themselves 。
13. 考查動(dòng)詞不定式。hw t d sth 在句中作 learn的賓語。故填t prnunce。
14. 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。drill為可數(shù)名詞,由“as many as”可知,應(yīng)填drill的復(fù)數(shù)。故填drills 。
15. 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。由“than”可知,應(yīng)填much的比較級(jí)mre。故填 mre 。
16. 考查介詞。start with “以開始”為固定短語且符合句意。故填with。
17. 考查連接代詞。分析句子可知,本句為主語從句,主語為we,謂語為need,所以用what作need的賓語。what在名詞性從句中一定做成分,而且常做主語、賓語、表語或者定語。故填what。
18. 考查關(guān)系代詞。分析句子可知,a native Chinese為先行詞,在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語。所以關(guān)系代詞為wh。故填wh 。
19. 考查副詞。prbably為副詞修飾動(dòng)詞have。故填prbably。
20. 考查名詞。Gd為形容詞修飾名詞listening。故填listening。
3
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Have yu ever met anyne f yur age frm America? D yu think yu wuld have a lt 21. cmmn with the middle schl students there?
In fact, there are lts f 22. (different). Fr example, classes in American schls are 23. (small) than urs. Mst classes in America have n mre than 30 students. Mst students in the US dn’t wear schl unifrms, and they never d grup exercises each day the way we d. 24. we d exercises in the mrning tgether will make them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing yu think abut when yu get up in the mrning? It’s 25. (prbable) yur lessns at schl. Yu may wnder26. yu have finished yur hmewrk. Chinese students are always under lts f pressure bth at hme 27. at schl. They study hard at night, and smetimes even n weekends because exams are very imprtant t them.
Fr Chinese students, schl is life, but nt fr American students. They dn’t have t wrry abut passing exams all the time, s they can spend time in and ut f schl 28. (d) things they enjy. Students d different things fr fun. Playing sprts, making music and surfing the website are all their favrite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isn’t enugh t make gd students. They encurage students 30. (try) lts f different things.
【答案】
21. in
22. differences
23. smaller
24. That
25. prbably
26. if/whether
27. and
28. ding
29. studying
30. t try
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章比較了美國(guó)學(xué)生和中國(guó)學(xué)生的不同之處。
21. 考查介詞。句意:你認(rèn)為你會(huì)和那里的中學(xué)生有很多共同之處嗎?短語have sth. in cmmn“在……方面有共同點(diǎn)”。故填in。
22. 考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:事實(shí)上,有很多不同之處。本句為there be句型,缺少名詞做主語,且由lts f修飾故填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式differences。
23. 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:事實(shí)上,例如,美國(guó)學(xué)校的班級(jí)比我們的小。它們有很多不同之處。根據(jù)下文than可知應(yīng)填形容詞比較級(jí)smaller。
24. 考查連接詞。句意:我們?cè)缟弦黄鹱鼍毩?xí)會(huì)讓他們感到驚訝。本句為主語從句,從句中不缺少成分,且位于句首,故填That。
25. 考查副詞。句意:可能是你在學(xué)校上的課。本句中副詞做狀語修飾句子,故填prbably。
26. 考查連接詞。句意:你可能想知道你是否完成了家庭作業(yè)。從句中不缺少任何成分,由此可斷定用that/if/whether,結(jié)合句意可知,需用表達(dá)“是否”意思的連接詞,that無意義,因此斷定用if/whether。
27. 考查固定短語。句意:中國(guó)學(xué)生在家里和學(xué)校總是承受著很大的壓力。短語bth…and…“兩者都……”,故填and。
28. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他們不必一直擔(dān)心通過考試,所以他們可以花時(shí)間在學(xué)校內(nèi)外做他們喜歡的事情。短語spend time ding sth.“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”,故填ding。
29. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:許多美國(guó)老師認(rèn)為努力學(xué)習(xí)不足以成為好學(xué)生。本句為賓語從句,從句中需要?jiǎng)用~短語做主語,故填studying。
30. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他們鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生嘗試許多不同的東西。短語encurage sb. t d sth.“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”后跟不定式,故填t try。
4
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Three-quarters f the wrld's cffee farms destry frest habitat t grw cffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(殺蟲劑) and 31. (chemical) that pisn the envirnment. When frests disappear, migratry (遷徙的)sngbirds disappear, t. In rder t deal with increasing ppulatin and habitat 32. (lse),Smithsnian scientists created the Bird Friendly certificatin (證書).
Bird Friendly cffees are shade-grwn, meaning the cffee is planted under trees, rather than n the land that 33. (clear) f all ther plants. Cffee experts say shade-grwn cffees taste 34. (gd), because the beans ripen slwer than cffee grwn in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, mre cmplex flavr (味道). Bird Friendly certified cffees grw under bi-diverse shade that prvides habitat fr migratry sngbirds and ther wildlife, stres carbn 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly cffees are als certified rganic, meaning they are grwn withut pesticides, 37. is better fr peple and fr the planet.
Bird Friendly prducers can als earn mre fr their crps. The wd and fruit trees n shade cffee farms prvide additinal incme 38. farmers. Every cup f Bird Friendly cffee bught rewards these farmers with a little mre mney fr taking gd care f the envirnment and encurages them t cntinue 39. (prtect) Bird Friendly habitat.
Yu can buy Bird Friendly certified cffees thrughut the wrld and prtect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a stre r cafe near yu, r better yet, have it 40. (deliver) t yur dr when yu rder nline.
【答案】
31. chemicals
32. lss
33. has been cleared/is cleared
34. better
35. resulting
36. and
37. which
38. fr
39. prtecting/t prtect
40. delivered
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹史密森學(xué)會(huì)的科學(xué)家創(chuàng)造的the Bird Friendly認(rèn)證。這主要是為了應(yīng)對(duì)鳥類增長(zhǎng)的人口和棲息地的喪失。
31. 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:通常使用有害的殺蟲劑和毒害環(huán)境的化學(xué)品。結(jié)合句意可知此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù),故答案為chemicals。
32. 考查名詞。句意:為了應(yīng)對(duì)增長(zhǎng)的人口和棲息地的喪失,史密森學(xué)會(huì)的科學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了the Bird Friendly certificatin。結(jié)合句意可知此處用名詞,lse的名詞是“l(fā)ss”,故答案為lss。
33. 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:適合鳥類生長(zhǎng)的咖啡是在樹蔭下種植的,這意味著咖啡種植在樹下,而不是種植在已經(jīng)清除了所有其他植物的土地上。結(jié)合句意可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),且主語是land,單數(shù)第三人稱,故答案為has been cleared/is cleared。
34. 考查比較級(jí)。句意:咖啡專家說,在陰涼處種植的咖啡味道更好,因?yàn)榭Х榷贡仍陉?yáng)光下生長(zhǎng)的咖啡成熟得慢,因此味道更豐富、更復(fù)雜。根據(jù)than可知此處用形容詞的比較級(jí),故答案為better。
35. 考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:咖啡專家說,在陰涼處種植的咖啡味道更好,因?yàn)榭Х榷贡仍陉?yáng)光下生長(zhǎng)的咖啡成熟得慢,因此味道更豐富、更復(fù)雜。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作自然的結(jié)果狀語,故答案為resulting。
36. 考查并列連詞。句意:經(jīng)過鳥類友好認(rèn)證的咖啡生長(zhǎng)在生物多樣性的樹蔭下,為候鳥和其他野生動(dòng)物提供棲息地,儲(chǔ)存碳,對(duì)抗氣候變化。此處是并列關(guān)系,故答案為and。
37. 考查非限制性定語從句。句意:對(duì)鳥類無害的咖啡也被認(rèn)證為有機(jī)咖啡,這意味著它們?cè)诜N植過程中不使用殺蟲劑,這對(duì)人類和地球都有好處。此處是整個(gè)句子做先行詞,在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語,故答案為which。
38. 考查固定搭配。句意:樹蔭下的咖啡農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的樹木和果樹為農(nóng)民提供了額外的收入。固定搭配:prvide sb. with sth./prvide sth. fr sb.“提供給某人某物”。故答案為fr。
39. 考查固定搭配。句意:鼓勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)保護(hù)鳥類的棲息地。固定搭配:cntinue t d/ding sth.“繼續(xù)做某事”,故答案為prtecting/t prtect。
40. 考查過去分詞。句意:在你附近找一家商店或咖啡館,或者更好的是,當(dāng)你在網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)時(shí),把它送到你的門口。固定結(jié)構(gòu):have +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語,此處it 和deliver之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,是過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,故答案為delivered。
種類
形式
意義特征
功能
不定式
t d
主動(dòng)、將來
作主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語、狀語和補(bǔ)語
t be dne
被動(dòng)、將來
t be ding
主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行
t have dne
主動(dòng)、完成
t have been dne
被動(dòng)、完成
過去分詞
dne
被動(dòng)、完成
作表語、狀語、定語和補(bǔ)語
動(dòng)詞-ing
ding
主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行
作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語(不作目的狀語)和補(bǔ)語
being dne
被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行
having dne
主動(dòng)、完成
having been dne
被動(dòng)、完成
情況
常用動(dòng)詞
只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞
hpe,want,ffer,lng(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,
pretend,manage,agree,affrd,determine,prmise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語
mind,miss,enjy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avid,risk,resist,cnsider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fnd f,bject t,get dwn t,be engaged in,insist n,think f,be prud f,take pride in,set abut,be afraid f,be tired f,lk frward t,devte neself t,be wrth,be busy,pay attentin t,stick t
兩者都可以
意義相同
begin,start,like,lve,hate,prefer,cntinue(接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作,接動(dòng)詞-ing形式多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)
need,want,require,deserve (接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)
意義不同
stp t d(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stp ding(停止正在做的事)
remember/frget/regret t d(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)
remember/frget/regret ding(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)
g n t d(接著做另外一件事)
g n ding(接著做同一件事)
try t d(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力做)
try ding(試著去做)
mean t d(打算做,企圖做)
mean ding(意思是,意味著)
形式
類別
例句
不定式
目的、原因、條件、結(jié)果
My parents will be delighted t see yu.(條件)
I cme here nly t say gd-bye t yu.(目的)
We’re prud t be yung peple f China.(原因)
動(dòng)詞-ing形式
時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況
Being a teacher,yu shuld help yur students in every way.(原因)
He cmes hme late every evening,making his wife very angry.(結(jié)果)
Using yur head,yu’ll find a gd way.(條件)
Wrking s hard,he failed again.(讓步)
They eat using the fingers f their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴隨)
過去分詞
時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步
Brn in a pr family,Nadia had nly tw years f schling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted t be a teacher.(時(shí)間)
Sme medicines,if wrngly taken,can kill a persn.(條件)
Encuraged by his parents,he still has n cnfidence in vercming the difficulties.(讓步)
The patient gt ff the bed,supprted by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crssing the rad,wunded in the head.(結(jié)果)
形式
常見動(dòng)詞
與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念
例句
wish,want,ask,require/request,rder,warn,allw/permit,frbid,expect,remind,encurage,inspire,call n,depend n(接帶t的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
主謂關(guān)系(表主動(dòng))。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成
We depend n yu t help us ut f truble.
I made him d his wrk.
→He was made t d his wrk (by me).
They saw the by fall suddenly ff the tree.
→The by was seen t fall suddenly ff the tree.
see,hear,watch,feel,ntice,lk at等感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)和let,make,have等使役動(dòng)詞后面,不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)要省略t。這樣的動(dòng)詞可歸納為:
五看:watch,see,lk at,bserve,ntice;
三讓:let,make,have;
二聽:hear,listen t;
一感覺:feel。
注意:當(dāng)以上動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中時(shí),t要還原
動(dòng)詞
-ing
形式
ntice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel
主謂關(guān)系(表主動(dòng))。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成
I fund her listening t the radi when I passed by.
過去
分詞
動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(表被動(dòng))。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)
We fund the village greatly changed.
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