
一、謂語動(dòng)詞
1. 思維導(dǎo)圖
2. 高考真題再現(xiàn)
一、2021年高考真題
1.(2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空)
What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can't help wndering hw hard it 6 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后的提示詞then可知,表示當(dāng)時(shí)的情況,故此處謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);從句主語為it,是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填was。
2.(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)
After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and 10 (sell) mst f their furniture.
【答案】sld
【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意:1861年,林肯被選舉為國家總統(tǒng)后,他們租了房子并且賣掉了大部分的家具。rent和sld為并列謂語,用and連接,所以都用一般過去時(shí)。
3.(2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空)
It 1 (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred(修復(fù)).
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)以及主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格填寫謂語動(dòng)詞, 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall,和build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立,故用過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句句意:它最初是在唐代為保護(hù)這座城市而建的,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)。故填was built。
4.(2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空)
We 6 (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)后文My bike was ld可知, 應(yīng)該為過去的時(shí)態(tài),主語為we, 為主動(dòng)語態(tài),故填hired。
5.(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)
It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Phmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, 1 (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the publie.
【答案】has prved 或 has prven
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)合句中since一詞,可以判斷句子的謂語應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意:自從它開放后,林肯的家已經(jīng)證明是讓游客們不可抵擋地想去參觀的。
6.(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)
Mary's niece wrte, pretty, "The little hme 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:這個(gè)小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷,所以用被動(dòng)。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,所以用一般過去時(shí)。
7.(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)
It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 4 (cnsider) healthy.
【答案】is cnsidered
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:介于19-25的BMI數(shù)值被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)a BMI f between 19 and 25 (cnsider) healthy.可知 Cnsider做謂語,主語是單數(shù),根據(jù)句意謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為被動(dòng)且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故答案為 is cnsidered。
8.(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)
In cities, hwever, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系動(dòng)詞。句意:然而在城市里,女人增長數(shù)值是1.3,男人增長為1.6。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知主the gain是單數(shù)且該句陳述過去研究數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),故答案為was。
二、2020年高考真題
1.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 1 \* ROMAN I卷語法填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess 61. (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
【答案】tuched
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:無人月球探測器嫦娥四號(hào)——名字的靈感來源于古代的中國月亮女神——上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last week可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí),故填tuched。
2.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 1 \* ROMAN I卷語法填空)"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, "because it 67. (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68. (cnstruct) ."
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動(dòng),”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家Carle Pieters說:“因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會(huì)獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息?!备鶕?jù)上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語是it,所以空處謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means,故填means。
68.【答案】is cnstructed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此處是賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞,謂語cnstruct與主語the mn之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),再由上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語the mn是單數(shù),故填is cnstructed。
3.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 3 \* ROMAN III卷語法填空)The artist was sure he wuld 63.(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld nan laughed.
【答案】be chsen
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意:畫家確信他會(huì)被選中,但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時(shí),這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動(dòng)詞chse構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且wuld后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填be chsen。
4.(2020·山東卷語法填空)The parts f a museum pen t the public 40. (call) galleries r rms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意:博物館對公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀使用,應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語與call是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),且主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填are called。
5.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 3 \* ROMAN III卷語法填空) 65(When/As) he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (pint) dwn the river.
【答案】pinted
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí),他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填pinted。
6.(2020·浙江卷語法填空)And,as mre children were brn,mre fd 59.(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:隨著越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,邏輯主語和need之間表示被動(dòng)邏輯。同時(shí)此處描述的是過去的時(shí)間,所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。故此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。fd為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。
7.(2020·浙江卷語法填空)By abut 6000 BC,peple 61. (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise.
【答案】had discvered
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:大約在公元前6000年,人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養(yǎng)的牲畜。分析句子,簡單句中除了提示詞外無其余動(dòng)詞,故此處需用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示主動(dòng)邏輯。by + 過去時(shí)間 譯為“到……為止”,后面的句子用過去完成時(shí)。故填had discvered.
8.(2020·浙江卷語法填空)New methds 65. (mean)that fewer peple wrked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子,主句部分無其他動(dòng)詞,故此處需填時(shí)態(tài)。文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí),根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過去時(shí)。邏輯主語和動(dòng)詞之間表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以此處填過去時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式。故填meant。
9.(2020·山東卷語法填空)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, 38. (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum 39(which/that) pened in 1759.
【答案】frmed
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:例如,漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1759可知,應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填frmed。
三、2019年高考真題
1.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) ver the years
【答案】have made
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語“ver the years”可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),句意:我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。
2.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Our hsts shared many f their experiences and___65___(recmmend)wnderful places t eat,shp,and visit. Fr breakfast,we were able t eat papaya(木瓜)and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recmmended。
【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意:我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?!癮nd”前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recmmended”是并列關(guān)系,時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recmmended。
3.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】On the last day f ur week-lng stay,we ___69___(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars
【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由“n the last day f ur week-lng stay”可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意:我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會(huì),所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語為we,故填were invited。
4.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】 Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
【答案】are
【解析】時(shí)態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining,此處數(shù)詞six作主語,代指前文中的“plar bear subppulatins”,故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填are。
5.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,prud Irene ___64___(declare) she had n plans __t retire__ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知,該句主語為Irene,此處為謂語成分,根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),故填declared。
四、2018年高考真題
1.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空】While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示:跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且主語是it,要用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is。
2.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___(grw)mre crn than rice.
【答案】has grwn
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn),主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且主語為the cuntry,所以應(yīng)該應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。句意:2011年以來,中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grwn。
3.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___68___ (start) a sil-testing prgram that/which gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
【答案】started
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在2005年政府開始了一項(xiàng)土壤測試項(xiàng)目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句,由于時(shí)間是2005年,故用過去時(shí)。故填started。
4.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me n real harm.
【答案】mean
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少謂語,再根據(jù)總體時(shí)態(tài)可知要用一般過去時(shí),所以用meant。
3. 考試技巧
語法填空解題策略
1. 看到空格處修飾的是名詞, 要想到用形容詞。
2. 看到空格處修飾的是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子, 要想到用副詞。
3. 看到與than連用, 要想到用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。
4. 看到and, r, but等并列連詞前或后用的比較級(jí), 要想到用比較級(jí)。
5. 看到語境中暗含比較含義, 要想到用比較級(jí)(二者之間)或最高級(jí)(三者及以上)。
4. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展
1:考點(diǎn)梳理
常見的十種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),尤其是對一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查;
2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
考點(diǎn)1 基本用法
1. 常見的十種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)有:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。
2. 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
Peple speak English all ver the wrld. (主動(dòng)語態(tài))
English is spken all ver the wrld. (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
考點(diǎn)1 ??紩r(shí)態(tài)的用法
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
Tm ften ges t schl by bike.
(2)表示自然現(xiàn)象、客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。
Spring fllws winter.
(3)表示現(xiàn)有的性質(zhì)、能力或狀態(tài)。
The flwers lk beautiful.
(4)表示按計(jì)劃安排好了將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這種情況僅限于少數(shù)有“開始”或“移動(dòng)”意義的詞,例如cme, g, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, clse, pen, end, stp, return, take ff等。
The party begins at 7 ’clck.
(5)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
I’ll write yu a letter as sn as I get there.
If I have enugh time, I’ll travel arund the wrld.
Wherever yu g, yu will see the same thing.
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
Are yu wrking hard this term?
The car is being repaired.
(2)cme, g, leave, d, send, take ff, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移動(dòng)的短暫性動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。
We are ging hiking this Sunday.
(3)與always, ften, all the time, cnstantly, cntinuusly, frever等連用表示頻繁反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常含有批評(píng)、抱怨、不滿或贊揚(yáng)等感情色彩,但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(1)表示過去的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)已結(jié)束,但對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響,常帶有already, just, ever, never等副詞。
He has already btained a schlarship.
(2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。此時(shí),通常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,并常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,例如fr ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, s far。
The film has been n fr half an hur.
(3)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),第……次做某事。
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.
4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)⒗^續(xù)下去,可以譯成“一直”?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重持續(xù)或影響到現(xiàn)在,不強(qiáng)調(diào)將來的延續(xù)。
I have been cleaning the huse all the afternn.
(2)到目前為止,多次重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
I have been telephning him several times this mrning.
5. 一般將來時(shí)
(1)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
The ftball game will begin sn.
(2)表示事物固有的屬性或必然趨勢。
Fish will die withut water.
(3)表示臨時(shí)的決定。
— We dn’t have any milk in ur fridge.
— I’ll g and buy sme.
(4)其他表示將來的結(jié)構(gòu)
① be ging t d表示主觀打算或有跡象將要發(fā)生某事。
I’m ging t have my hair cut after wrk.
Lk at the cluds in the sky. It is ging t rain.
② be+t d表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,還可表示命令或注定要發(fā)生的事。
There is t be an English exam next Mnday.
Father warned his sn,“Yu are t be back by ten.”
The wrst is still t cme.
③ be abut t d表示正要去做某事,但不與表將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。
I am abut t g shpping.
注意:if條件句中一般不用將來時(shí),如果使用will,其意義為“愿意”。
If yu will give her anther chance, she will surprise yu.
6. 過去將來時(shí)
表示對過去某一時(shí)刻而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
He said he wuld cme t ur schl.
7. 一般過去時(shí)
(1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
I bught a new bike last week.
(2)表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
He ften watched TV at night.
8. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示過去某段時(shí)間里或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
I was playing cmputer games when my parents came hme.
He slipped ut f the classrm when the teacher was nt nticing him.
(2)表示過去頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣,常與always等副詞連用。
Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her ld parents.
9. 過去完成時(shí)
(1)表示過去某時(shí)間或某動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即“過去的過去”。
I had read the reprt by last weekend.
When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets.
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, n sner... than, It was the first/secnd... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the huse when it began t rain.
N sner had we left the huse than it began t rain.
It was the third time he had been ut f wrk that year.
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意圖的動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí),表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,意為“本打算……,本希望……”。這類動(dòng)詞有mean, intend, expect, hpe, want, plan, think, suppse等。
They had wanted t help but culd nt get there in time.
考點(diǎn)2 幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別
考點(diǎn)4 固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的時(shí)態(tài)
考點(diǎn)5 八種時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞
考點(diǎn)6 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義
二、模擬演練
1
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
One night, 41. winter, a bear came int the city in Vancuver Canada. It walked thrugh the city streets past huses, shps and ffices. Then it 42. (find) sme fd in bins utside a restaurant and started eating. In the mrning, smene saw the bear and called the plice. The plice came with a vet (獸醫(yī)) frm the city z. They put the bear in a lrry and tk it t the muntains utside the city. 43. (lucky), the bear was safe. But 44. happens in ther cuntries when big animals cme int cities? In Vancuver it is unusual 45. (see) a bear, but in sme cities yu can see big animals n the city streets every day.
Big animals usually cme int cities t find fd. In Cape Twn in Suth Africa babns (狒狒) cme int the city when they are 46. (hunger). Human fd is very bad fr the babns 47. (tth) because it has a lt f sugar. Nw, there are Babn Mnitrs wrking in Cape Twn. 48. (they) jb is t find babns in the city and return them t the cuntryside.
In Berlin in Germany, pigs smetimes cme int the city fr fd. They eat flwers and plants in parks and gardens. Smetimes they eat vegetables frm gardens 49. they walk in the street, causing accidents. Sme peple like the pigs and they give them fd and water t drink. Other peple d nt like the pigs and they want the gvernment and the plice t stp them 50. (enter) the city.
【答案】
41. in
42. fund
43. Luckily
44. what
45. t see
46. hungry
47. teeth
48. Their
49. and
50. entering
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。說明了世界各個(gè)城市動(dòng)物進(jìn)入城市中尋找食物的現(xiàn)象。
41. 考查介詞。句意:冬天的一個(gè)晚上,一只熊來到了加拿大溫哥華。短語in winter“在冬天”,故填in。
42. 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:然后它在一家餐館外面的垃圾箱里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些食物,開始吃起來。根據(jù)下文并列謂語started可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填fund。
43. 考查副詞。句意:幸運(yùn)的是,熊是安全的。修飾整個(gè)句子應(yīng)用副詞,故填Luckily。
44. 考查疑問代詞。句意:但是在其他國家,當(dāng)大型動(dòng)物進(jìn)入城市時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢?短語what happen“發(fā)生什么事”,故填what。
45. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在溫哥華,熊是不常見的,但在一些城市,你每天可以看到大動(dòng)物在城市街道上。固定句式it is unusual t d sth.“做某事是不尋常的”。故填t see。
46. 考查形容詞。句意:在南非的開普敦,狒狒在饑餓的時(shí)候來到城市。根據(jù)上文are可知應(yīng)填形容詞作表語,故填hungry。
47. 考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:人類的食物對狒狒的牙齒非常有害,因?yàn)樗写罅康奶恰th為可數(shù)名詞,前面沒有冠詞故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填teeth。
48. 考查物主代詞。句意:他們的工作是在城市里找到狒狒,然后把它們送回農(nóng)村。jb為名詞需要形容詞性物主代詞修飾,故填Their。
49. 考查連詞。句意:有時(shí)他們吃蔬菜從花園和他們走在街上,造成事故。根據(jù)句意上下文為承接關(guān)系,故填and。
50. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:其他人不喜歡豬,他們希望政府和警察阻止他們進(jìn)入城市。短語stp sb ding sth.“阻止某人做某事”,故填entering。
2
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The first blckbuster (大片) f China set in space, “The Wandering Earth,” pens Tuesday during grand expectatins 51. it will represent the dawning f a new era in Chinese filmmaking.
“The Wandering Earth,” 52. (shw) in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is abut t expand int a red giant and devur (吞噬) the Earth. It 53. (adapt) frm wrks by Liu Cixin, the writer 54. has led a renaissance in science fictin here, 55. (becme) the first Chinese winner f the Hug Award in 2015. His nvels are splendid and 56. (deep) researched. That makes 57. (they) reasnable fantasies abut humanity’s meeting with a dangerus universe. The penings als cme as China reached a milestne in space: the landing f a prbe n 58. far side f the mn in January. Althugh decades behind Russia and the United States, China has nw put astrnauts 59. rbit and has ambitius plans t jin—r even lead—a new age f space explratin.
“I think there is a very clse 60. (cnnect) between Chinese cinema and the natin’s frtunes,” said Sha Dan, a curatr at the China Film Archive.
【答案】
51. that
52. shwn
53. is adapted
54. wh/that
55. becming
56. deeply
57. them
58. the
59. in/int
60. cnnectin
【分析】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。報(bào)道了“流浪地球”這部大片的開幕式、故事背景以及這部影片的意義。
51. 考查同位語從句。句意:肩負(fù)著人們的厚望,中國第一部以太空為背景的大片《流浪地球》于周二上映。這部電影被認(rèn)為將代表中國電影制作新時(shí)代的曙光。這是一個(gè)同位語從句,expectatins的內(nèi)容就是it will represent the dawning f a new era in Chinese filmmaking,并且從句部分是一個(gè)陳述句,故填that。
52. 考查過去分詞作定語。句意:“流浪地球”是以3D形式播放的,故事發(fā)生在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來?!癟he Wandering Earth”與shw之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞形式作定語。故填shwn。
53. 考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:電影改編于劉慈欣的作品,這位作家在中國引領(lǐng)了一場科幻小說復(fù)興,在2015年成為了贏得雨果獎(jiǎng)的第一名中國作家。全文使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以這句話也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語it指代的是“The Wandering Earth”,是第三人稱單數(shù),且是物作主語,所以語態(tài)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is adapted。
54. 考查定語從句。句意同上。這是一個(gè)定語從句,先行詞為the writer,指人,從句缺主語,故填wh/that。
55. 考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句意同上。這里的分詞作the writer的狀語,the writer與becme之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故填becming。
56. 考查副詞。句意:劉慈欣的小說敘事宏大,背景研究細(xì)致入微??崭裉巻卧~修飾動(dòng)詞researched,應(yīng)用副詞形式,故填deeply。
57. 考查代詞。句意:這使得這些小說是關(guān)于人類和危險(xiǎn)的宇宙之間的合情合理的科幻小說。這里的they指代his nvels,并且在句中作make的賓語,所以用代詞的賓格形式,故填them。
58. 考查定冠詞。句意:宇宙探測器一月份落在月球背面??崭裎挥诮樵~后,名詞前,所以填冠詞。月球是獨(dú)一無二的,所以這里特指月球的背面。所以填定冠詞。故填the。
59. 考查介詞。句意:雖然落后于俄羅斯和美國幾十年,但如今中國已經(jīng)將宇航員送入太空軌道。太空軌道是一個(gè)很大的范圍,所以進(jìn)入太空軌道用介詞in或者int。故填in/int。
60. 考查名詞的單數(shù)形式。句意:中國電影資料館策展人沙丹說:“我認(rèn)為中國電影和中國國運(yùn)之間有著緊密聯(lián)系?!笨崭裎挥诙ü谠~和形容詞后,介詞前,所以用名詞形式,又有不定冠詞a修飾,所以用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填cnnectin。
3
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Be cautius f Friday the 13th!Many peple think the day is unlucky.61. (frtune), there's nly ne Friday the 13th this year. As the legend ges,yu shuld try nt 62. (break)any mirrrs,walk under a ladder,r even spill any salt. Why?Researchers say63. is tugh t find ut hw the traditin came int being. Many believe it has 64. (religin)rigins. In the Christian faith,there were 13 guests at table fr the Last Supper,which was held the day befre the Friday65. Jesus died. Nw,F(xiàn)riday the 13h has becme a cultural wnder. Many Americans avid the number 13 all tgether,66. (include)htel rms and airplane seat assignments. It even csts cuples less t get married n the day. There are many ther67. (explain)behind the luckless day. Simn Brnner,a prfessr f American studies at Pennsylvania State. University,68. (believe)Friday the 13h is a way fr peple t pin their bad luck t a certain cause:. The fact shuld be69. there's nthing special abut the number itself. After all,the number 13 70. (cnsider)t be lucky in sme cuntries,like Italy
【答案】
61. Frtunately
62. t break
63. it
64. religius
65. when
66. including
67. explanatins
68. believes
69. that
70. is cnsidered
【分析】
本文是一篇記敘文。在美國人們覺得星期五和數(shù)字13是不好的運(yùn)氣,在住酒店結(jié)婚等場合都避免使用它們。但是賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)教授Simn Brnner認(rèn)為只是人們把壞運(yùn)氣歸因于星期五和數(shù)字13。
61. 考查副詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處的單詞是作狀語的,應(yīng)該用副詞。故填Frtunately。
62. 考查固定搭配。try t d sth.表示“盡力做某事”,try nt t d sth.盡力不做某事。故填t break。
63. 考查it作形式主語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,say后面是賓語從句,缺主語,分析句意可知,搞清楚這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)是怎樣產(chǎn)生的很難。不定式短語 t find ut hw the traditin came int being是真正的主語。為了保持句子平衡,應(yīng)該用it作形式主語,而把不定式短語放到后面。故填it。
64. 考查形容詞。名詞rigins應(yīng)該用形容詞來修飾。故填religius。
65. 考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。the Friday為定語從句的先行詞,在后面從句中作時(shí)間狀語,星期前面用n,所以定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是when或n which。故填when。
66. 考查介詞+ding用法。include是動(dòng)詞,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,整個(gè)句子是單句,include在這里不作謂語,需要用它的介詞形式,后面跟介詞賓語。故填including。
67. 考查名詞。由前面的are和many可知,此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填explanatins。
68. 考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析上下文可知,此篇文章主要時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),本句主語是單數(shù),所以要用believe的單三形式。故填believes。
69. 考查表語從句引導(dǎo)詞。本句中shuld be后面是表語從句,從句內(nèi)容完整。故填that。
70. 考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,the number 13和cnsider是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,又分析上文知道,這里應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),the number 13是單數(shù)主語,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),be動(dòng)詞用is。故填is cnsidered。
4
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The 7th Internatinal Military Sprts Cuncil(CISM)Military Wrld Games(世界軍運(yùn)會(huì))will take place frm Oct. 18 71. Oct. 27,2019 in Wuhan,capital city f 72. (center)China's Hubei Prvince.
The games,the tp sprts gala fr military persnnel(軍人),include 329 cmpetitin events f 27 kinds and are expected 73. (attract)arund 8000 players frm mre than 100 74. (cuntry)and regins.
The games will be an internatinal event with great imprtance and far-reaching influence and it will als be 75. pprtunity fr freign military persnnel t learn mre abut China and 76. (it)military.
The event's emblem(會(huì)徽)is made up f a dve,a star,ribbns and ther elements and the masct is called Bing Bing,the design f 77. is based n the Chinese sturgen(鱘),a 78. (serius)endangered fish knwn as the "panda in water". The slgan is“Military glry,wrld peace”.
The games,which 79. (hld)in Rme in 1995 fr the first time,are a multi-sprt event 80. (rganize)every fur years by the CISM.
【答案】
71. t
72. central
73. t attract
74. cuntries
75. an
76. its
77. which
78. seriusly
79. were held
80. rganized
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了第七屆國際軍事體育理事會(huì)軍事世界運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于2019年10月18日至27日在中國中部湖北省省會(huì)武漢舉行。以及活動(dòng)舉辦情況。
71. 考查固定短語。句意:第七屆國際軍事體育理事會(huì)軍事世界運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于2019年10月18日至27日在中國中部湖北省省會(huì)武漢舉行。短語frm…t…“從……到……”。故填t。
72. 考查形容詞。句意同上。此處修飾China, 故填形容詞central“中心的”。
73. 考查固定短語。句意:本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)是軍隊(duì)人員的頂級(jí)體育盛會(huì), 共有27種比賽項(xiàng)目329個(gè), 預(yù)計(jì)將吸引來自100多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的約8000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加。短語be expected t d sth.“預(yù)計(jì)……”, 故填t attract。
74. 考查名詞的數(shù)。句意同上。cuntry為可數(shù)名詞, 由mre than 100修飾可知應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式cuntries。
75. 考查冠詞。句意:奧運(yùn)會(huì)將是一場具有重要意義和深遠(yuǎn)影響的國際盛事, 也是外國軍人了解中國和中國軍隊(duì)的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。pprtunity為可數(shù)名詞, 此處表示泛指“一次機(jī)會(huì)”, 且為元音音素開頭, 故填不定冠詞an。
76. 考查物主代詞。句意同上。military為名詞“軍隊(duì)”需要形容詞修飾, 故填its。
77. 考查定語從句連接詞。句意:該活動(dòng)的會(huì)徽由鴿子、星星、絲帶等元素組成, 吉祥物名為“冰冰”, 其設(shè)計(jì)基于中華鱘, 一種被稱為“水中熊貓”的嚴(yán)重瀕危魚類。本句為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句修飾先行詞masct, 且做f的賓語, 指物, 故填which。
78. 考查副詞。句意同上。endangered為形容詞需要副詞修飾, 故填seriusly“嚴(yán)重地”。
79. 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:奧運(yùn)會(huì)于1995年在羅馬首次舉行。本句主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且根據(jù)下文in 1995可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí), 主語為games復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 故填were held。
80. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:1995年第一次在羅馬舉行的奧運(yùn)會(huì), 是由CISM每四年舉辦一次的綜合性體育賽事。本句已經(jīng)存在謂語動(dòng)詞且句中沒有連詞, 故rganize做非謂語動(dòng)詞, 與邏輯主語event構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故填過去分詞rganized。
現(xiàn)在時(shí)
過去時(shí)
將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
一般
ask/asks
asked
shall/will ask
shuld/wuld ask
進(jìn)行
am/is/are asking
was/were asking
shall/will be asking
shuld/wuld be asking
完成
have/has asked
had asked
shall/will have asked
shuld/wuld have asked
完成
進(jìn)行
have/has been asking
had been asking
shall/will have been asking
shuld/wuld have been asking
一般過去時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)只涉及一個(gè)純過去的動(dòng)作,凡有明確的過去時(shí)間的均用過去時(shí),一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系
Were yu at schl yesterday?昨天你在學(xué)校嗎?(問的是昨天的事情。但對今天沒什么影響。)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)
I have just finished my hmewrk.我剛剛寫完作業(yè)。(看上去好像是過去才發(fā)生的事情,但是對我現(xiàn)在有了影響。因?yàn)閷懲炅俗鳂I(yè),就可以做自己想做的事情。)
過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)指的是相對于過去的某一特定時(shí)間更早發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,即過去完成時(shí)至少涉及兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作
When he came in,I had had my supper.他進(jìn)來時(shí),我就已經(jīng)吃完晚餐了。(吃在進(jìn)來之前,所以用過去完成時(shí)。)
,n “一……就……”
主句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)
Hardly had I pened the dr when Tm came in.
This/That/It is/was the +that從句“是……次做某事”
若主句中為is,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);若為was,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema tgether as a family.
It+
“要過……才”或“在……以后才”
若be動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),則befre 從句中常用一般過去時(shí);若be動(dòng)詞用將來時(shí),則befre 從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
I’m srry yu’ve been waiting s lng,but it’ll still be sme time befre Brian gets back.
was/were “正在做某事,這時(shí)(突然)”
在when引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式
I was abut t leave when he came in.
I had just lcked the dr when I realised I had left my key n the kitchen table.
was/were abut t “正要做某事,這時(shí)(突然)”
had “剛做完某事,這時(shí)(突然)”
It is/has been+時(shí)間段+since
since從句用過去時(shí)。該句型表某個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。但若since后跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,要翻譯成否定含義,即“沒做某事已經(jīng)多久了”
It has been three years since he wrked here.
他不在這工作已經(jīng)三年了。
It has been three years since he smked.
他已經(jīng)戒煙三年了。
It has been three years since he began t smke.
他吸煙有三年了。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
ften,usually,always,smetimes,never,seldm,every week/day/year/mnth...,nce a week,n Sundays
一般過去時(shí)
ag,yesterday,the day befre yesterday,last week/year/night/mnth...,in 1989,just nw,at the age f five,ne day,ag,lng ag,nce upn a time,then(那時(shí)),n that day,the ther day(幾天以前)
現(xiàn)在
進(jìn)行時(shí)
nw,these days,at this mment/time
過去
進(jìn)行時(shí)
at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般過去時(shí)從句”,at 1:00 last night
現(xiàn)在
完成時(shí)
recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,fr+時(shí)段(但還在延續(xù)),in the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five mnths,up t nw,since then,s far,ever,never,yet,lately,nce,twice,three/fur times...,already,befre,just
過去
完成時(shí)
befre,by the end f last year/term/mnth
一般
將來時(shí)
tmrrw,next day/week/mnth/year...,sn,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tmrrw,in the future
過去
將來時(shí)
the next day/mrning/year...,the fllwing mnth/week...
系動(dòng)詞+形容詞
lk,sund,feel,smell,taste,prve,appear
The sup smells gd but tastes terrible.
不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)
cut,sell,read,write,fill,ck,lck,wash,drive,keep
This kind f material washes easily.
The pen writes smthly.
Meat wn’t keep lng in such ht weather.
表開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞
begin,finish,start,pen,clse,stp,end,run
The shp clses at 6 day.
有些表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
need,require,want,be wrth
Yur hair wants cutting.
The flr requires washing.
The bk is wrth reading.
不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,gd,cmfrtable,cnvenient,impssible
The questin is difficult t answer.
The bx is heavy t carry.
The prject is impssible t cmplete in a year.
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