現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
[觀察例句]
1．Much has been written abut the Great Wall.
2．Many peple have been helped by the club.
3．Jan's life has been greatly imprved by the Internet.
4．Lk at the way yur face has been washed.
5．Tday I thught I'd answer a questin that has been asked many times—hw d yu stay safe nline and avid bad experiences n the Internet?
[歸納句法]
一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
have/has＋been＋過去分詞
二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的常用句式
The city has been swept thrugh by heat wave recently.
最近炎熱橫掃了這座城市。
His wrk has nt been finished.
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new bking systems fr tickets been used?
新的訂票制度已在使用中了嗎？
Hw lng has the battery nt been changed?
電池多久沒有更換了？
[即學(xué)即練1] 根據(jù)要求變換句子
The children have already been tld the gd news.
①The children haven't been tld the gd news yet.(改為否定句)
②Have the children been tld the gd news yet？(改為一般疑問句)
③Wh has been tld the gd news yet？(對(duì)the children進(jìn)行提問)
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
1．表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
通常與already，yet，never，recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)s far，by nw，up till nw，befre...等連用。
The wrk has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在不用做這項(xiàng)工作了)
The dctr hasn't been sent fr yet.
還沒有派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。(現(xiàn)在應(yīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生)
2．表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去。
常與fr或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于Hw lng...？句型中。
The machine has been repaired fr tw hurs.
這臺(tái)機(jī)器已經(jīng)修了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)被修)
3．用在時(shí)間或條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Yu can g hme as sn as yur task has been finished.
你的任務(wù)一完成就可以回家。
[即學(xué)即練2] 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In the last few years thusands f films have been prduced(prduce)all ver the wrld.
②Thugh we dn't knw what was discussed，yet we can feel the tpic has been changed(change).
四、使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意的事項(xiàng)
1．與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別
一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。
The park was pened t the public last year.
去年這家公園向公眾開放。(說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去)
The park has been pened t the public.
這家公園已向公眾開放。(說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，即現(xiàn)在公園已經(jīng)開放了)
2．非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
如brrw，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，pen，jin等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。
The wrk was finished tw weeks ag.
這項(xiàng)工作在兩周前已經(jīng)完成。
The wrk has been finished.
這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)完成。
3．動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要保持完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。
It is said that the prblem has been lked int.
據(jù)說已經(jīng)調(diào)查了這個(gè)問題。
4．帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)改為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
注意：原來(lái)作賓補(bǔ)的省略t的不定式在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要用帶t的不定式。
I have tld them t help yu.
→They have been tld t help yu.
5．帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
如give，send，bring，take，teach，shw，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，prmise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，若將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。
The cmpany has given him a chance t wrk abrad recently.
→He has been given a chance t wrk abrad recently (by the cmpany).
→A chance t wrk abrad has been given t him recently (by the cmpany).
[即學(xué)即練3] 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The bridge near the village was built(build)last year.
②N bks have been bught(buy)since last week.
③An e-mail has been sent(send)t me by nw.
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．The dictinary is ut f date：many wrds have been added (add)t the language since it was published.
2．In recent years，stress has been regarded (regard)as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems，frm high bld pressure t mental illness.
3．When I reached the statin，the tickets had been sld (sell)ut.
4．This bk has been translated (translate)int many languages s far.
5．Our classrm has been cleaned (clean)，yu needn't clean it nw.
6．These flwers have been watered (water)，yu can g hme.
7．When yu get the paper back，pay special attentin t what has been marked (mark).
8．The huse was washed (wash)away by the strm yesterday.
9．The cmputer has been repaired (repair)fr tw days.
10．Hw many new wrds have been learned (learn)by the students up t nw?
Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空
Li Ming：Hi，Lin Ta.Hw nice 1.t see(see)yu n the first day f the new term!
Lin Ta：Yes.Nice t see yu again.
Li Ming：I knw that yur 2.parents(parent)have been wrking in that city fr abut a year.Can yu tell me smething there after the earthquake?
Lin Ta：Of curse.Since the earthquake 3.happened(happen)，many sldiers 4.have been sent(send)there，and many kinds f supplies(物資)5.have been carried(carry)there frm all ver the cuntry.Nw，mst peple there live/are living 6.a happy life again.
Li Ming：Hw abut the schls there?
Lin Ta：Several new schls 7.have been set(set)up and als sme schls 8.which were damaged in the earthquake 9.have been rebuilt(rebuild).S all the students can g back t schl t study nw.
Li Ming：That's 10.wnderful(wnder).I'm sure their life will be better and better.When will yur parents cme back?
Lin Ta：They will be back next mnth.肯定式
主語(yǔ)＋have/has been dne...
否定式
主語(yǔ)＋have/has nt been dne...
一般疑問式
Have/Has＋主語(yǔ)＋been dne...？
特殊疑問式
疑問詞＋have/has＋主語(yǔ)＋been dne...？

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