Unit 13 People





一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查

(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．self-assessment n．　自我評(píng)估
2．lawyer n. 律師
3．senior adj. 高級(jí)的
4．physicist n. 物理學(xué)家
5．uniform n. 制服
6．chain n. 鏈條；一連串的事物
7．a(chǎn)thletic adj. 喜愛運(yùn)動(dòng)的
8．harvest n. 收獲
9．a(chǎn)irline n. 航空公司；航空線
10．a(chǎn)ssistant n. 助手，助理
11．a(chǎn)cademic adj. 學(xué)術(shù)的
12．clerk n. 職員
13．scholar n. 學(xué)者
14．block n. 大廈；街區(qū)
15．satellite n. 衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星
16．harvest n. 收獲
17．pray vt.&vi. 祈禱，禱告
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．weakness n．　　　　弱點(diǎn)，缺陷
2．a(chǎn)ccuse vt. 控告，譴責(zé)
3．possibility n. 可能性
4．entirely adv. 完全地
5．desire n. 渴望，欲望
6．a(chǎn)ccount n. (銀行)賬戶
7．deserve vt. 應(yīng)得，值得
8．grateful adj. 感謝的，感激的
9．previous_ adj. 以前的，過去的
10．gain vt. 獲得；增加
11．positive adj. 積極的
12．upset adj. 不安的，不快的
13．glare vi. 怒視，瞪
14．a(chǎn)nxiety n. 憂慮，擔(dān)心
15．forever adv. 永遠(yuǎn)
16．guilty adj. 不安的；有罪的
17．fault n. 錯(cuò)誤；缺點(diǎn)
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．strength n．長(zhǎng)處，優(yōu)勢(shì)→strengthen v．增強(qiáng)→strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的
2．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentration n．專心，專注
3．a(chǎn)ssociate vt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系→association n．聯(lián)想；協(xié)會(huì)
4．expression n．表情；詞語；感情→express vt.表達(dá)，表示 n．快遞
5．a(chǎn)ccurately adv.精確地，準(zhǔn)確地→accurate adj.精確的，準(zhǔn)確的→accuracy n．精確
6．description n．描述，形容→describe v．描寫，描述→describer n．描寫者
7．predict vt.預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)→prediction n．預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)告→predictor n．預(yù)言家
8．independent adj.獨(dú)立的→independence n．獨(dú)立→depend vi.依賴，依靠
9．relief n．減輕，寬慰→relieve v．使安慰；緩解
10．judge vt.評(píng)判 n．法官→judgement n．判斷，判斷力
11．devotion n．奉獻(xiàn)→devote vt.獻(xiàn)身于，專心致志于→devoted adj.獻(xiàn)身的，忠誠的
[語境活用]
1．We should concentrate our energy on the game for lack of concentration may cause us to lose it.(concentrate)
2．Some scientists associate smoking with cancer, because smoking has a close association with lung cancer.(associate)
3．This girl described what she had seen and heard, giving a vivid description of the event as if she had attended it herself. So she was a good describer.(describe)
4．The judge said, “Judging from the man's behavior, our judgement is practical.”(judge)
5．Our country is an independent country so we must depend on ourselves; independence and liberty is our state principle forever.(depend)
6．My brother strengthens himself by taking outdoor exercise every day; now he is so strong that I dare not measure strength against him.(strength)
7．To predict the weather_accurately and give us more_accurate_information, the observers try their best to guarantee the accuracy of their observation.(accurate)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活

寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.come_up_with　　　　　 提出，想出
2．concentrate_on 集中于；專注于
3．talk_sb.into_doing_sth._ 說服某人做某事
4．draw_up 起草
5．end_up_ 結(jié)果為……；以……結(jié)束
6．on_the_other_hand 另一方面
7．in_terms_of 就某事來說；從某個(gè)角度上看
8．be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事
9．react_to 對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)
10．deal_with 處理，對(duì)付
11．glare_at 怒視
12．can't_help_doing_sth. 禁不住做某事
13．to_be_honest 說實(shí)話
14．be_devoted_to 奉獻(xiàn)；致力于
15．compared_to 和……比較起來
16．pick_up 撿起；接(人)；(無意
間)學(xué)會(huì)；好轉(zhuǎn)
17．a(chǎn)ccuse_sb.of_sth. 控告某人做某事
1.Keeping calm is the most important thing when you deal_with an emergency.
2．To_be_honest,_I don't like chatting with her at all.
3．The poor woman just stood there glaring_at the pickpocket.
4．How did you come_up_with the good idea that we could escape being punished?
5．You will one day end_up in prison if you continue to steal.
6．How do you react_to this modern artist's paintings?
7．In_terms_of working ability, you are no worse than the others. It is just you don't put your heart into your work.
8．Seeing these photos, I can't_help thinking of my happy childhood.
9．With so much noise outside, I can't concentrate_on my work which must be finished at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
10．If you want to make rapid progress, you should draw_up your own study plan and put it into practice.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本

教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
人們普遍認(rèn)為高情商的人善于接受新觀念，對(duì)待生活持積極態(tài)度。
it作形式主語。
(2017·天津高考書面表達(dá))我真誠地希望你能抽出一些時(shí)間再次來參觀天津，自從你離開之后它已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
It's_my_sincere_hope_that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again, which has changed greatly since you left.
2.I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.
我真的不喜歡他午飯吃大蒜。
it作形式賓語。
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))如果你已學(xué)會(huì)了用筷子，那么主人會(huì)很喜歡。
The host will like_it_if_you have learned to use chopsticks.
3.Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's why the letter never arrived.
可能郵政編碼錯(cuò)了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。
that's why ...“那就是……的原因”，why引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(2017·北京高考書面表達(dá))那就是我認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)江之旅是較好選擇的原因。
That's_why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
4.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.
我變得越來越煩躁，自然越煩躁越不能集中精力。
the＋比較級(jí) ..., the＋比較級(jí) ...“越……，就越……”。
他們擔(dān)心你的越少，你越獲得更多的獨(dú)立。
The_less they worry about you, the_more independence you'll gain.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化



1．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①We must concentrate our energy on treating (treat) addiction first.
②What's more, I find out that I still have some bad learning habits as well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, and I will conquer the problem by spending more efforts on concentration (concentrate) practice.
③He made a concentrated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time.
一句多譯
他將注意力全部集中在技術(shù)問題上。
④He_concentrated_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology. (concentrate)
⑤He_fixed/focused_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology. (fix/focus)
⑥He_put_his_heart_into_the_question_of_technology.(put one's heart into)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.　　聚精會(huì)神于(做)某事
concentrate one's attention/energy ... on/upon (doing) ...
集中某人的注意力/精力……于(做)……
(2)concentration n. 專心，集中
(3)concentrated adj. 集中的，全神貫注的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑦This year the company has concentrated to improving its efficiency.to→on
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑧(2018·浙江高考書面表達(dá))如果一名志愿者不能集中精力，她就無法勝任這份工作。
If_a_volunteer_is_unable_to_concentrate_her_energy,_she_will_be_unable_to_be_fit_for_the_position.
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　表示“專注于；專心于”的短語還有：
①fix on　　　　　　　　　 ②focus on
③put one's heart into ④be buried in
⑤abandon oneself to ⑥be lost in
⑦be devoted to ⑧be absorbed in
2．a(chǎn)ssociate vt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①There has always been a close association (associate) between the two schools.
②Mother warned the boys not to associate with bad companions.
③The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.
④In the children's minds summer is associated (associate) with picnics.
一句多譯
有很多嚴(yán)重的健康問題與吸煙有關(guān)。
⑤There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定語從句)
⑥There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分詞作定語)
⑦There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking.(使用介詞短語作定語)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)associate ...with ...　 使……與……聯(lián)系起來
associate with sb. 與某人交往/共事
be associated with 與……有關(guān)
(2)association n. 聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會(huì)；社團(tuán)
in association with 與……聯(lián)合；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑧If you associate on positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. on→with
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑨(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))這是將你的才能與實(shí)踐聯(lián)系起來的一次好機(jī)會(huì)。
It's_a_good_opportunity_to_associate_your_talent_with_the_practice.
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　“與……有關(guān)”的其他表達(dá)還有：
①be related to　　　　　　 ②have something to do with
③be in connection with ④be connected with
3．deserve vt.應(yīng)得，值得
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation_deserves_attention.
隨著許多野生動(dòng)物逐漸滅絕，目前形勢(shì)值得關(guān)注。
②They had some excellent players, so they certainly deserved_to_win that match.
他們有一些優(yōu)秀的隊(duì)員，所以他們理所當(dāng)然地贏得了那場(chǎng)比賽。
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respect.
③It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting.
④It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
deserve consideration/attention/respect 值得考慮/關(guān)注/尊敬
deserve to do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事
deserve doing/to be done ……值得做
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑤He deserved be locked up forever for what he had done.deserved后加to
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2013·廣東高考書面表達(dá))不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社會(huì)中都起著一定的作用，因此值得我們應(yīng)有的尊敬。
No_matter_how_ordinary_a_job_is,_it_plays_a_part_in_society_and_therefore_deserves_our_due_respect.
[名師指津]　deserve不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，且deserve doing相當(dāng)于deserve to be done，此時(shí)動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，類似的單詞還有need, want, require等。
4．a(chǎn)ccuse vt.控告，指控，譴責(zé)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Everyone here accused him of breaking the window.
②The accused (accuse) was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent.
③Man often accuses nature for his own misfortune.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.　　 指責(zé)/控告某人(做)某事
accuse sb.for sth. 為某事指責(zé)某人
accuse sb.as ... 控告/指責(zé)某人為……
(2)the accused 被告
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰(charge/accuse)
④The police charged him with breaking the law.
⑤His neighbor accused him of playing the musical instrument too loudly.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2013·福建高考書面表達(dá))父母常被指責(zé)為孩子安排好一切，并不遺余力地為孩子的成功鋪好道路。
Parents_are_often_accused_of_arranging_everything_for_their_children_and_sparing_no_effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.
[辨析比較]

動(dòng)詞
含義
搭配
accuse
當(dāng)面指責(zé)或指揮
accuse sb. of ...
charge
因犯較大錯(cuò)誤或
重大罪行而正式起訴
charge sb. with ...
5.desire n．渴望，欲望v.期望，渴望
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①She had a strong desire to_be (be) a dancer but failed to make the grade.
②He desired that I (should)_go (go) abroad for further education.
③Those foreigners desire to_visit (visit) the Great Wall.
④He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times.
一句多譯
我們班的每個(gè)學(xué)生都非常渴望上名牌大學(xué)。
⑤Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire n．)
⑥Each student in our class has_a_strong__desire_for_a_famous_university.(desire n．)
⑦Each student in our class desires_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire v．)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)a desire for sth.　　　　　　 對(duì)……的渴望
a desire to do sth. 做某事的渴望/愿望
a desire that ... ……的愿望
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire that ... 希望
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑧Mr.Wang desired that we waited a moment.waited→wait_
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑨(2013·重慶高考書面表達(dá))我們渴望你能為我們的項(xiàng)目提供一些資金，也提供一些實(shí)用的建議。
It's_our_desire_that_you_should_provide_some_money_to_fund_our_program,_as_well_as_offer_us_some_practical_suggestions.
[名師指津]　desire后無論是跟賓語從句還是跟同位語從句，都應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，其形式是“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。
6．relief n．寬慰，輕松；解脫；減輕，消除，緩和
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Seeing the baby fall asleep, the young mother smiled in_relief.
②What a relief! It almost took us five years to pay back all the money we borrowed from the bank.
③The new secretary will relieve us of the paperwork.
④Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve (relief) tension and stress.
完成句子
⑤Much_to_his_relief,_his son found a job smoothly last month.
令他感到非常寬慰的是，他的兒子上個(gè)月順利地找到了工作。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)to one's relief 　　　 令某人感到欣慰的是
What a relief! 可松口氣了！
in relief 如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣
(2)relieve v. 解除，減輕，緩和
relieve sb.of 解除某人的(負(fù)擔(dān)、痛苦等)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑥When Tracy was told her son's illness could be cured, she left the hospital on relief. on→in
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))你曾在機(jī)器人競(jìng)賽(robotics competition)中獲得過一等獎(jiǎng)，如果你能加入我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)我們會(huì)感到很安心。
You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_competition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.
7．a(chǎn)ccount vt.認(rèn)為是，視為n.解釋，說明；賬目；(銀行)賬戶；描述，敘述
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
寫出下列句中 account的含義
①I opened a bank account after I made 1,000 yuan by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. 賬戶
②Much to our surprise, the witness's account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects. 描述，敘述
③In English law a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty.認(rèn)為是，視為
④The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve. 賬目
單句語法填空
⑤How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?
⑥We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
完成句子
⑦Taking_his_age_into_account,_we shouldn't be so strict with him.
考慮到他的年齡，我們不應(yīng)該對(duì)他如此嚴(yán)格。
⑧On_no_account_can_you_give_up whatever happens.
不管發(fā)生什么你決不能放棄。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)account for　　 說明(原因等)；作出解釋；占……比例
(2)on account of 由于，因?yàn)?br /> on no account 決不(放在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝)
take ...into account＝take account of＝take ...into consideration 考慮到……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑨As far as I know, Peter's careless driving accounted in the terrible accident. in→for
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑩(2015·湖南高考書面表達(dá))在我的新發(fā)明中我必須考慮一些特定的因素。
There_are_some_certain_factors_I_must_take_into_account_on_my_new_invention._
8．judge n．裁判，法官vt.評(píng)判；判斷；審判，判決
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①He had entirely lost faith in his own judgement (judge) because of that fault.
②Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by/from what you wear.
完成句子
④As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.
依我看來，他能實(shí)現(xiàn)上大學(xué)的夢(mèng)想。
⑤Judging_by/from_the_expression_on_her_face,_she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
從她臉上的神情看，她一定有令人興奮的消息要告訴我們。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)judge ...from/by ...　　 從……來判斷
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為
(2)judging by/from 從……上看；根據(jù)……判斷
(3)judgement n. 判斷力；評(píng)價(jià)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑥Judged from what he said, he must be an honest man.Judged→Judging
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))很明顯，盲目聽從別人的意見會(huì)影響我們自己的判斷。
Apparently,_blindly_following_others'_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgement.
[名師指津]　judging from/by用在句首時(shí)，為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語和時(shí)態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語而不采用過去分詞的形式。
9．devote vt.獻(xiàn)身于，專心致志于
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding (find) a cure for the disease.
②Li Lei is my devoted (devote) friend and he has devoted himself to improving (improve) the education of the local people.
③From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)．
句式升級(jí)
The young lady is devoted to teaching the deaf children and has little time to care for her own daughter.
④Devoting_herself_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)
⑤Devoted_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(過去分詞作狀語)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth. 獻(xiàn)身于/致力于(做)某事
devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.
把某人的一生/時(shí)間/金錢/精力奉獻(xiàn)于(做)某事
(2)devoted adj.　　　 　 　 　 忠實(shí)的；深愛的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 專心于/奉獻(xiàn)于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 關(guān)愛；關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑥D(zhuǎn)evoting to his research, he didn't care what was happening around him. Devoting→Devoted或Devoting后加himself
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))我經(jīng)常在空閑的時(shí)候和我的同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)校體育館打羽毛球。
I_often_devote_my_free_time_to_playing_badminton_with_my_classmates_in_the_school_stadium.
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　devote (oneself) to中的to是介詞，其后常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，類似的短語還有：
①look forward to (doing) sth.　　　 　 盼望(做)某事
②be opposed/object to (doing) sth. 反對(duì)(做)某事
③get down to (doing) sth. 開始著手(做)某事
④pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事
⑤lead to (doing) sth. 導(dǎo)致(做)某事
⑥be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事
⑦adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. 適應(yīng)(做)某事
⑧be addicted to (doing) sth. 對(duì)(做)某事上癮



1．talk sb. into doing sth.說服某人做某事
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Wang Lin talked his parents into sending (send) him to the famous middle school.
②I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.
③Talking of literature, do you have any interest in Lu Xun's works?
④I can't talk her_out of giving up her dream of being a physician.
一句多譯
我妻子說服了我在房?jī)r(jià)上漲之前買一套新房子。
⑤My wife talk/persuaded/argued_me_into_buying_a_new_house before house prices went up. (talk/persuade/argue)
⑥My wife persuaded_me_to_buy_a_new_house_before house prices went up. (persuade)

　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)talk sb. into doing sth.
＝persuade/argue sb. into doing sth.
＝persuade sb. to do sth.　　　 說服某人做某事
talk sb. out of doing sth.
＝persuade/argue sb. out of doing sth.
＝persuade sb. not to do sth. 說服某人不做某事
(2)talk of 談到，說到
talk about 談?wù)?，議論
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑦To our delight, I succeeded in talking my father in giving up smoking.第二個(gè)in→into
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑧(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))談到餐桌禮儀，在用餐過程中，說話聲音別太大，要讓人聽起來感到很舒服。
Talking_of_table_manners,_keep_your_voice_low_and_pleasant_during_the_meal._
2．in terms of就……而言；在……方面；從某個(gè)角度上看
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①I feel sure that in_terms_of_ability_and_experience,_you are absolutely suited to the position.
我確信從能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的角度來說，你絕對(duì)適合這個(gè)職位。
②In_the_long_term,_it is necessary to be_on_good_terms_with people around us, so we should learn to come_to_terms_with others.
從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，與我們周圍的人處好關(guān)系很重要，所以我們要學(xué)會(huì)遷就別人。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
be on good/bad/friendly terms with sb.
與某人關(guān)系好/不好/友好　
come to terms with ... 對(duì)……讓步，遷就……，接受(不愉快的事)；適應(yīng)……
in the long/short term 就長(zhǎng)期/短期而言
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
③What they have done is good for the environment in the long terms. terms→term
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④(2016·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))請(qǐng)你幫我找出文字和格式方面的錯(cuò)誤好嗎？
Would_you_mind_finding_out_the_mistakes_in_terms_of_words_and_format?
[名師指津]　在短語in the long/short term中，term用單數(shù)形式。
3．can't help doing sth.禁不住要做某事
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①She can't help (to)_clean (clean) the house because she's busy making a cake.
②All the students couldn't help laughing (laugh) when they heard the joke.
③When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get (get) your shoes wet.
一句多譯
最后一班地鐵離開了，我們不得不步行回家。
④The_last_subway_left,_and_we_could_do_nothing_but_walk_home. (can do nothing but do sth.)
⑤The_last_subway_left,_and_we_couldn't_help_but_walk_home. (can't help but do sth.)
⑥The_last_subway_left,_and_we_had_no_choice_but_to_walk_home. (have no choice but to do sth.)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
can't help (to) do sth.　　　　　　 不能幫忙做某事
can't help but do sth.
＝can do nothing but do sth.
＝have no choice but to do sth. 不得不做某事
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑦Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but to turn to my parents for help. 去掉第一個(gè)to
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑧(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))每次購買我想要的東西時(shí)，我都禁不住參考消費(fèi)排名。
Every_time_I_purchase_what_I_want,_I_can't_help_consulting_consumption_ratings.
4．end up結(jié)果為……；以……結(jié)束
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
選詞填空(at an end/in the end/at the end of/put an end to)
①Honestly speaking, I do want to buy an iPad at_the_end_of the year.
②The meeting was at_an_end,_but the people still stayed in the meeting hall.
③He tried various jobs and in_the_end became a teacher.
④They didn't know how to_put_an_end_to the quarrel.
單句語法填空
⑤Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
⑥If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting (get) something you don't want.
⑦His brother got rapid promotion and ended up as a manager in a company.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)end up doing sth.　　　　 以……結(jié)束/告終
end up with ... 以……而結(jié)束
end up as ... 結(jié)果成為(職位)
(2)come to an end
＝put/bring an end to
＝bring sth. to an end 結(jié)束
at the end of 在……盡頭；在……末端
by the end of 到……結(jié)束時(shí)；到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)
in the end 最后；終于
at an end 結(jié)束，終止

　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑧His life returned to normal after the war came to end.end前加an
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑨(2016·天津高考書面表達(dá))兩周過去了，我們的交流活動(dòng)結(jié)束了。
Two_weeks_went_by,_and_our_exchange_activities_came_to_an_end.
5．it作形式賓語
　[教材原句]　I really dislike_it_when he eats garlic for lunch.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①I_would_appreciate_it_if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.
如果你能不怕麻煩為我做這么多，我將不勝感激。
②You can depend_on/upon_it_that such a boring thing will never happen again.
你放心好了，這種無聊的事絕不會(huì)再發(fā)生的。
③Some of us always take_it_for_granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我們中的一些人理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為父母或者祖父母應(yīng)該照顧我們。
④He saw_to_it_that the work was finished on time.
他確保工作按時(shí)完成。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
(1)英語中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動(dòng)詞，如like, enjoy, love, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接when/if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時(shí)，通常用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在it之后。
(2)類似用法短語還有see to it that ...“務(wù)必；確?！?； depend/rely on it that ...“依賴/相信”； take it for granted that ...“認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的”等。
　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2018·全國卷Ⅰ寫作佳句)Generally speaking, people hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考寫作佳句)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.
6．that's why ...
　[教材原句]　Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's_why the letter never arrived.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①He didn't pass the exam yesterday. That's_why he got angry with me.
昨天他沒有通過考試，那就是他對(duì)我生氣的原因。
②He was late for work this morning. That's_because he got caught in a traffic jam.
今天早上他上班遲到了，那是因?yàn)樗錾狭私煌ǘ氯?br /> ③The_reason_why he didn't pass the driving test was_that_he was too careless.
他沒有通過駕照考試的原因是他太粗心了。

　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
用法規(guī)則
(1)That's why ...意為“那就是……的原因”， why引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(2)That's because ...意為“那是因?yàn)椤?，because引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(3)The reason why ... is/was that ... 意為“……的原因是……”，why引導(dǎo)定語從句，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
注意事項(xiàng)
(1)在句型“That's why/because ...”中，why后強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，because后強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。
(2)在句型“The reason why ... is/was that ...”中，表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)，不能用because。

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2014·浙江高考滿分作文)In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books: literary books.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2014·上海高考滿分作文)The reason why I'd like to see a Career Planning section is that high schools in Shanghai seldom offer career guidance, which should be made indispensable to the curriculums.



Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．As far as I see, there is no possibility (可能性) that he will win the tennis match this time.
2．I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression (表達(dá)) of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.
3．Science and technology is developing rapidly and it's hard to predict (預(yù)測(cè)) what the world will look like in another 20 years.
4．I decided to apply my previous (以前的) experience to learning how to read and write.
5．To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths (長(zhǎng)處) and weaknesses (弱點(diǎn))．
6．Don't blame him for the accident; it's not his fault (錯(cuò)誤)．
7．It is our hope that the two countries will live in peace forever(永遠(yuǎn))．
8．He feels quite guilty (有罪的) about being unable to take care of his sick father because of his busy work.
9．We still had a good harvest (收獲) of wheat this year in spite of the heavy drought in spring.
10．Such a positive (積極的) attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．The boy talked his mother into buying him a home computer.
2．We have learned to associate packing with quality.
3．He had a strong desire to_carry (carry) out the discussion put forward at yesterday's meeting.
4．If you have enough evidence, you can accuse government officials of corruption.
5．I think the Bird's Nest deserves to_be_visited/visiting (visit) again.
6．Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class.
7．Devoted (devote) to the study of science, she had little time to take care of her children.
8．The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.
9．When his daughter came home at last, he was in relief.
10．In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．Judged from the club's name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.Judged→Judging
2．The teacher desired that all the homework was handed in before school was over.第一個(gè)was→be
3．As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and accurate.accurate→accurately
4．The teens accuse their parents with misleading them.with→of
5．Neighbors devoted their spare time to help others rebuild.help→helping
6．The scientists are beating their brains out trying to come up a solution to the problem.up后加with
7．I can't help wonder what happened to that little girl.wonder→wondering
8．The judge looked up from his notes to glare to him.第二個(gè)to→at
9．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical. I think it deserves discussed at the next meeting.discussed→discussing
10．The house is ideal in term of size, but it's too expensive.term→terms
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me this opportunity to further education abroad.
如果你能給我這次在國外進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)我將不勝感激。
2．To_our_relief,_the disease didn't burst out as expected.
令我們欣慰的是，這種疾病并沒有像預(yù)計(jì)的那樣突然發(fā)生。
3．On_no_account_should_you_leave the baby alone in the house.
你切不可將嬰兒獨(dú)自留在家中。
4．Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate_on_our_studies.
放學(xué)后玩電腦游戲能使我們放松，但是作為學(xué)生，我們必須集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。
5．The_higher_you stand, the_farther_you will see.
你站得越高就看得越遠(yuǎn)。
6．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's_why I got wet all through.
我既沒帶雨衣也沒帶雨傘，那就是我全身濕透了的原因。



本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與自我”中的“個(gè)人情況及與人相處”子話題相對(duì)應(yīng)

一、話題語素積累多一點(diǎn)

子話題——個(gè)人情況及與人相處

(一)淺易詞匯溫一溫
①encouraging　 ②trust　　 ③politely　　　 ④understand
⑤respect ⑥share ⑦understanding ⑧grateful
⑨reality ⑩fight ?argument ?introduce
?conflict ?mean ?outstanding ?communication
?talent ?creative ?confident ?support
welcome opinion suggestion helpful

(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①relationship n．　　 關(guān)系　　　 ②harmonious adj. 和諧的
③considerate adj. 體貼的 ④admirable adj. 值得贊賞的
⑤broad-minded adj. 寬宏大量的 ⑥accompany vt. 陪同
⑦cooperate vi. 合作 ⑧enthusiastic adj. 熱情的
⑨precious adj. 珍貴的 ⑩sincere adj. 真誠的
?tolerance n. 忍受 ?violence n. 暴力
?insult vt. 侮辱 ?behaviour n. 行為
?threat n. 威脅 ?personality n. 性格
?independent adj. 獨(dú)立的 ?stubborn adj. 固執(zhí)的
?diligent adj. 勤奮的 ?intelligence n. 智力
straightforward adj. 簡(jiǎn)單的；坦率的
unavoidable adj. 不可避免的

(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①be based on　　　　　　　 以……為基礎(chǔ)
②be sure to 一定
③be ready to 準(zhǔn)備好
④forgive sb.'s faults 原諒某人的錯(cuò)誤
⑤sense of humor 幽默感
⑥believe in 相信，信任
⑦be patient with 對(duì)……有耐心
⑧be merciful to 對(duì)……是仁慈的
⑨be enthusiastic about 對(duì)……熱情
⑩communicate with 與……交流
?be willing to do sth. 樂意做某事
?be concerned about 關(guān)心，掛念
?share ... with ... 與……分享……
?depend on 依靠
?have ...in common 有共同之處
?get on/along well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
?in harmony with 與……和諧相處
?break up 分手；解散；結(jié)束
?deal with 處理，對(duì)付
?have words with 與……發(fā)生口角
be responsible for 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)
have a talent/gift for 有……才能

(四)寫作佳句背一背
①I didn't realize the importance of cooperating with others until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
③Not only does he study well but also he is always ready to help others.
④Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents' help.

二、話題書面表達(dá)亮一點(diǎn)


假定你是李華，你的筆友Tom給你發(fā)來電子郵件，詢問怎樣才能與同學(xué)和睦相處。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)要點(diǎn)提示給Tom回一封電子郵件，提出你的建議。
1．尊重別人；
2．寬宏大量；
3．原諒別人的過錯(cuò)。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．不要逐條翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
[寫作4步走]
第一步：句寫對(duì)——給詞寫句
get along well with, relationship, be based on, understanding, respect, be sure to, be ready to, welcome, broad-minded, mean, opinion, behaviour, forgive sb.'s faults, suggestion, helpful　　
1．你問我該如何與其他同學(xué)和睦相處。
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students.
2．我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記：任何良好的關(guān)系都是建立在理解、信任和尊重的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
We_should_remember_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect.
3．我們應(yīng)該尊重別人、以誠待人。
We_should_respect_others,_and_treat_them_sincerely.
4．我們一定會(huì)獲得他們的尊重。
We_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect.
5．無論是誰，只要樂于助人，總是會(huì)受歡迎的。
Whoever__is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome._
6．我們應(yīng)該胸懷寬廣。
We_should_be_broad-minded.
7．這意味著要尊重別人的觀點(diǎn)和行為。
It_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours.
8．我們也應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)原諒別人的過錯(cuò)。
We_should_also_learn_to_forgive_other_people's_faults.

第二步：量寫夠——語句擴(kuò)充
9．在第1句中加入狀語“在你上次的來信中”。
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students_in_your_last_letter.
10．在第4句后加入狀語“作為回報(bào)”。
We_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return.
11．在第7句中加入定語“與我們不同的”修飾“觀點(diǎn)和行為”。
It_means_that_we_should_respect_others'__opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours.
12．添加書信常用結(jié)尾語“希望我的建議對(duì)你有所幫助?！?br /> I_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_helpful_to_you.

第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
13．用短語keep ... in mind升格第2句中的remember。
We_should_keep_it_in_mind_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect.
14．用“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”句式合并第3句與第10句。
Respect_others_and_treat_them_sincerely,_and_we_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return.
15．用定語從句改寫第5句。
One_person_who_is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome.
16.用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句合并第6句與第11句。
We_should_be_broad-minded,_which_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours.

第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
可加入過渡句“Here， I'd give you some suggestions.”并用銜接詞firstly， secondly， thirdly等連句成文。
Dear_Tom，
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students_in_your_last_letter._Here,_I'd_give_you_some_suggestions.
Firstly,_we_should_keep_it_in_mind_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect._Respect_others_and_treat_them_sincerely,_and_we_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return._Secondly,_one_person_who_is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome._Thirdly,_we_should_be_broad-minded,_which_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours._We_should_also_learn_to_forgive_other_people's_faults.
I_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_helpful_to_you.
Yours，
Li_Hua



Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空
Two friends have an ?argument (argue) that breaks up their ?friendship (友誼) forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth ?violence (violent)，“In our country today, the greatest ?threat (威脅) to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible ?reality (real) of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage ?conflict (沖突) the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is ?unavoidable (不可避免的). A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor ?insult (侮辱). For example, a ?fight (打架) could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal_with (處理) the conflict.
Ⅱ.片段選詞填空
encourage， polite， communication， adjust to， be willing to， relationship， depend on， trust， respect， sense of humor
Make sure you give your partner ?respect. Now respect isn't just simply treating her or him ?politely. There's a lot more to it. You have to learn to ?adjust_to_their liking. Basically, learn to study your partners' moods, wants and needs. Don't just think about yourself; think about what your partner needs out of it as well.
Make sure you are ?encouraging to your partner. Always ?be_willing_to_help them and give them honesty and positivity at the same time. Make them feel you are someone they can really ?depend_on_and build a future with. This is an important step in a ?relationship. Your partner has to be able to count on you when needed.
Make sure you have a good ?sense_of_humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them, and joke with them. Laughter may seem silly, but it's the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive. Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
Make sure the ?communication is good. This goes along with trust. And always communicate how you feel, even if it's something that upsets you. Instead of screaming, talk to them.


一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心

Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·天津高考)The possibility (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
2．(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying (try) it.
3．(2016·江蘇高考)He did not compromise easily, but was willing_to_accept (accept) any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
4．(2015·天津高考)Despite the previous (previously) rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.
5．(2014·浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict (prediction) when the unexpected will happen.
6．(2014·江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence (independent). On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.
7．(2014·福建高考) It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用relief, concentrate on, judge, come up with, desire, deal with填空)
1．(2015·福建高考)It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to __47__ everything so harshly (刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.____________
2．(2014·福建高考)And I realized he had been doing what music teachers always stress: __53__ the music and pretend the others aren't there.____________
3．(2014·遼寧高考)I felt a little uneasy, but to my __42__， I had a good excuse: A business meeting had run over and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.____________
4．(2014·湖南高考)Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. Besides, through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.“__47__ wrinkles one at a time，” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”____________
5．(2010·浙江高考)So I __31__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤兒) at the Christmas party.For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes，and school supplies, each with a child's name.____________
6．(2009·遼寧高考)Suddenly, a car key dropped from an envelope taped behind the book.It had a tag (標(biāo)簽) with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had__53__.On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words PAID IN FULL.____________
答案：1.judge　2.concentrate on　3.relief　4.deal with
5．came up with　6.desired

二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度

新高考下的命題新視角：個(gè)人生活在社會(huì)中，與人相處是必不可少的，和“個(gè)人情況及與人相處”相關(guān)的話題成為高考?？嫉臒狳c(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。該話題常涉及個(gè)人介紹(如姓名、年齡、職業(yè)、性格、品質(zhì)等)、名人事跡介紹(如影視明星、體壇巨星、領(lǐng)袖人物、科學(xué)家和歷史名人)和良好人際關(guān)系等內(nèi)容。高考在這方面命題有利于培養(yǎng)考生高尚的道德情操，能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生樹立正確的人生觀和價(jià)值觀。

[話題感悟]

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
(加黑詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請(qǐng)揣摩其用法)
(2017·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技藝) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了與Paul的相識(shí)及與其建立友誼的原因，雖不常見面但是卻因共同的信念而保持著友誼。
24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me.”可知，電影公司起初不愿意給作者角色的原因是想找一個(gè)與Paul一樣著名的人物。故可知作者當(dāng)時(shí)不夠有名。故選C項(xiàng)。
25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theater.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft (技藝) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者與Paul之所以擁有持久的友誼是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嗨频男愿裉卣?。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。
26．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
解析：選A　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”可知，下文的內(nèi)容是對(duì)the belief的解釋，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明the belief的具體內(nèi)容。下文提到了我們并不經(jīng)常見面，但是分享這個(gè)信念把我們帶到了一起。故選A項(xiàng)。
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
解析：選B　寫作目的題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago.”可知，該篇文章的寫作目的是回憶一位朋友，所以選B項(xiàng)。

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
寫作目的技法(3)——由主旨與體裁解題
寫作目的與文章主旨不同，但兩者密切相關(guān)，是文章主旨的一種變體。文章主旨題是文章的中心思想，而寫作目的則闡述文章為何表達(dá)這個(gè)中心思想，也即作者為何寫這篇文章。作者的寫作目的必須通過歸納中心思想才能找到。(如上文第27題，根據(jù)文章體裁及首尾段就可得出答案。)要做好寫作目的題，考生必須先弄清楚文章的體裁，因?yàn)椴煌奈捏w寫作目的是不同的。
體裁
寫作目的
廣告
推銷某種產(chǎn)品或某種服務(wù)，或是通過影片、電視節(jié)目、旅游景點(diǎn)等的介紹以吸引更多的觀眾、讀者或游客等
說明文
向人們展示某物的用途或制作過程
研究報(bào)告
向人們展示某種研究結(jié)果
議論文
論述一個(gè)道理或表達(dá)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)
記敘文
向人們分享經(jīng)歷、敘述一件事情或表達(dá)感情等



Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·合肥質(zhì)檢)
Top Hotels in Sydney
Shangri-La Hotel, Sydney
Location: The hotel is located in The Rocks district, a charming historic area in the north of the Sydney central business district and northwest of Circular Quay. It's only a 9-minute walk to the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Hotel Features(特色): The hotel has several meeting rooms. It has two bars, two restaurants, a peaceful indoor pool, and a modern fitness center. It also offers free laundry and babysitting service.
Room Facilities: The 565 rooms are among the most spacious (寬敞的) in the city. Free WiFi is provided.
Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel
Location: Situated in Mascot, this hotel is 4.6 km from Marrickville Metro and about 10 km away from the University of Sydney and Marrickville Market.
Hotel Features: This smoke-free hotel has a restaurant, a 24-hour health club and a coffee shop. It also has a 24-hour business center, which provides busy travellers with an “office away from the office”．
Room Facilities: All 318 rooms offer free WiFi and free wired Internet.
The Tank Stream
Location: Located in Sydney central business district, this hotel is within a 10-minute walk of Pitt Street Mall. It's not far from Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge, about 20 minutes' walk.
Hotel Features: A restaurant, a gym and a coffee shop are available at this hotel. It also has a parking lot (fees required)．
Room Facilities: All 280 soundproof rooms have free WiFi and coffee makers.
QT Sydney
Location: Located in Sydney central business district, this hotel is about a 15-minute walk to Sydney Opera House.
Hotel Features: 3 restaurants and a health club are available at this smoke-free hotel. It has car parking facilities (charges apply)．
Room Facilities: All 200 soundproof rooms have free WiFi. For a bit of entertainment, flat-screen TVs come with digital channels.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了悉尼的四家頂級(jí)賓館的情況，包括地點(diǎn)、特色、房間設(shè)施等。
1．Which hotel is nearest to the Sydney Opera House?
A．QT Sydney.
B．Shangri-La Hotel, Sydney.
C．The Tank Stream.
D．Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shangri-La Hotel, Sydney部分中Location的最后一句“It's only a 9-minute walk to the Sydney Opera House”可知，Shangri-La Hotel, Sydney離悉尼歌劇院僅有9分鐘的步行路程；根據(jù)The Tank Stream部分中Location的最后一句“It's not far from Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge, about 20 minutes' walk”可知，從The Tank Stream賓館要步行20分鐘才能到悉尼歌劇院；根據(jù)QT Sydney部分中Location的“this hotel is about a 15-minute walk to Sydney Opera House”可知，從QT Sydney賓館要步行15分鐘才能到悉尼歌劇院；本文沒有介紹Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel到悉尼歌劇院的距離。據(jù)此可知，Shangri-La Hotel, Sydney離悉尼歌劇院最近，故B項(xiàng)正確。
2．What is special about Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel?
A．It offers office service.
B．It has a coffee maker in each room.
C．It provides laundry service.
D．It has the best restaurant in Sydney.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel部分中賓館特色介紹中的“It also has a 24-hour business center, which provides busy travellers with an ‘office away from the office’”可知，Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel的特色是為旅客提供辦公服務(wù)，故A項(xiàng)正確。
3．What can we learn about the hotels mentioned in the text?
A．They have smoke areas.
B．They have sporting facilities.
C．They have free parking lots.
D．They charge the Internet users.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)Shangri-La Hotel, Sydney部分中的“a modern fitness center”、Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel 部分中的“a 24-hour health club”、The Tank Stream部分中的“a gym”和QT Sydney部分中的“a health club”可知，這四個(gè)賓館都有體育運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施，故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2019·鄭州質(zhì)檢)A day in the life of 18-year-old David Lanster is full of typical teenage stuff: school, baseball practice and homework.And then he starts cooking.“Some nights I'm up until 1：00 a．m.making pies, or even later if we're cooking beef，” said the student at Ransom Everglades High School in Florida, US.
For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home. Their meals have 17 courses and are all made by themselves. Their guests used to give them gifts to thank them until the pair decided to do something nice for charity (慈善事業(yè))．“We got some really great Miami Heat tickets, a nice watch, and many kitchen gadgets (小器具)，” Lanster said.“But we wanted to make this something positive for people other than us.”
Lanster and Moran focus on Common Threads, a charity that aims to teach kids in poor communities to cook and make healthy eating choices.The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads because Lanster's parents cover their food costs.After their last 12-person event, Lanster and Moran gave ＄1,600 to the charity.
Now, they're taking their show out of the kitchen and on the road.They have started to organize private dinner parties with a similar model: the host pays for the ingredients, and the guests make a donation to a charity of their choice.
Without formal training, Lanster said he had been interested in cooking since he helped his mom in the kitchen when he was very young.He learned how to cook by reading cookbooks and watching TV programs.Outside the kitchen, the two are busy preparing their college applications. Neither of them is sure what they will do in the future, but they've promised their parents that they will leave professional cooking alone until they finish school.
語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了Lanster和Kelly Moran組織慈善捐贈(zèng)的事跡。
4．How is Lanster's life different from other teenagers' lives?
A．He plans to become a professional chef.
B．He plays baseball every day after school.
C．He goes to a cooking school in his spare time.
D．He holds dinner parties after a normal school day.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A day ...and homework.And then he starts cooking”及第二段中的“For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home”可知，Lanster除了上學(xué)、練習(xí)棒球和做作業(yè)之外，他在正常的上學(xué)日之外還舉辦晚餐聚會(huì)。
5．What will Lanster and Moran usually do after a private dinner party?
A．Receive thank-you cards from the guests.
B．Visit the poor children at Common Threads.
C．Ask the guests to donate money to the charity.
D．Cover the food costs with the money collected.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads ...gave ＄1,600 to the charity”可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran要求客人為飯菜隨意付些錢，他們把這些錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。
6．Which of the following words can best describe Lanster and Moran?
A．Ambitious.　　　　　　　 B．Generous.
C．Creative. D．Optimistic.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的描述可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran做飯并請(qǐng)人們吃飯，把人們留下的飯錢捐贈(zèng)給慈善組織，所以他們是慷慨的。
C
My first impression of Miss Vicki was a highly authoritative (權(quán)威的) person towering over me. She spoke in a loud voice and the earth shook whenever she marched. That was in the first year of high school. She was a knowledgeable literature teacher then. However, during my first year in school, she struck terror into my heart (使我膽戰(zhàn)心驚). And everyone else's of course. Just the mention of her name made the most unruly classes silent.
Nevertheless, the two years of junior high passed by rather quickly. Soon, I went to senior high class. I had worked hard and gotten the subject combination that I wished for. Together with a group of old friends, I soon settled down in class comfortably.
To everyone's surprise, she was fortunate enough to be my teacher that year. I was shocked when I heard the news. This time round, however, I decided not to hide in terror whenever she was near. I decided to face the fact that we were going to meet each other for the next 365 days. Instead of trying too hard to lick_her_boots,_I tried my best to be my natural self in front of her.
Still, I could not shake off the ice-cold impression that she put in my heart. True, her jokes sometimes sent me into fits of laughter, yet at other times these jokes simply fell flat the moment she told them. My lovely class, however, was always ready to laugh at the right time of her amusing stories. After all, we would not want to run the risk of provoking (激怒) her.
Unluckily, life was not to remain boring. One day we received news that Miss Vicki was to leave Singapore for the Philippines where she would take part in a voluntary teaching program for the poor. We did not know what to say actually. All of us cried at the airport.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者主要介紹了中學(xué)時(shí)期的一位老師——Miss Vicki。她學(xué)識(shí)淵博，但不擅幽默，讓人敬而遠(yuǎn)之。但是她去支教這件事卻改變了學(xué)生們對(duì)她的印象。
7．During the first year in school, the author thought Miss Vicki was ________.
A．proud but patient
B．beautiful but strict
C．scholarly but serious
D．humorous but single-minded
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“She was a knowledgeable literature teacher then.”和“during my first year in school, she struck terror into my heart ...made the most unruly classes silent”可知，作者第一年對(duì)Miss Vicki的印象是她是一名博學(xué)但嚴(yán)格的老師。
8．What does the underlined phrase “l(fā)ick her boots” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Win her favor.　　　　 B．Embarrass her.
C．Argue with her. D．Follow her closely.
解析：選A　詞義猜測(cè)題。由畫線部分前的“I decided not to hide in terror whenever she was near”以及畫線部分后的“I tried my best to be my natural self in front of her”可推知，“我”不想再“取悅(lick her boots)”Miss Vicki，而是通過做自己來與她相處。
9．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Miss Vicki was a good joke teller.
B．Miss Vicki's jokes were always boring.
C．Students liked Miss Vicki's class very much.
D．Students pretended to laugh to please Miss Vicki.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段可知，Miss Vicki講的笑話并不那么有趣，但是學(xué)生們?yōu)榱瞬患づ?，總是假裝發(fā)笑。
10．What can we infer about Miss Vicki from the last paragraph?
A．She was dismissed from the school.
B．She was not accepted by the students.
C．She was unwilling to leave her students.
D．She had a strong sense of social responsibility.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Miss Vicki was to leave Singapore for the Philippines where she would take part in a voluntary teaching program for the poor”可推知，Miss Vicki是一名有著強(qiáng)烈社會(huì)責(zé)任感的老師。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2019·合肥質(zhì)檢)Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere. When it comes to appreciating an art painting, there is no right or wrong way.__1__
●Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step towards appreciating any art painting. __2__ Once you get familiar with the paintings from a particular artist, you will start relating to their unique style.
●__3__ This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few. So for beginners, it's advisable to keep things simple. Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolour, oil painting or acrylic (丙烯畫) or sketch (速寫) on paper. You also need to figure out the styles of the work — figurative (形象的) or abstract.
●Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artist means can be very difficult. __4__ So here's a simple guide. Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas (油畫布). Still, it doesn't mean your understanding is the same at the artist's. Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes, lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees them.
●Search for Emotions. Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight. __5__ Explore the art work with your eyes.
Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice of art.
A．Discover your taste and styles.
B．Know the type of art and medium used.
C．Some of these art works will take time to reach you.
D．You just might find that art changes the way you see the world.
E．Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art.
F．A simple art painting might be understood otherwise for different people.
G．The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了更好地和藝術(shù)家交流的方法和建議。
1．解析：選G　根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處起承上啟下的作用；根據(jù)下文各段的主題句可知，下文敘述了跟藝術(shù)家交流的方式和建議；結(jié)合文章最后一句“Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice of art”可以判斷，該處說明下述方法將有助于讀者和藝術(shù)家交流，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。
2．解析：選E　根據(jù)該段主題句“Know the artist”可知，該段主要陳述要“了解藝術(shù)家”；結(jié)合空處前一句可知，了解藝術(shù)家是欣賞任何藝術(shù)作品的第一步；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處應(yīng)指了解藝術(shù)家對(duì)欣賞作品的作用，故E項(xiàng)符合語境。
3．解析：選B　根據(jù)該空位置可知，該句為本段的主題句；由空后的“This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few”可知，藝術(shù)形式有不同的風(fēng)格和類型，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，還有印象派等；據(jù)此可知，該段主要論述要了解藝術(shù)的種類和所使用的藝術(shù)形式，故B項(xiàng)符合語境。
4．解析：選F　根據(jù)空前一句可知，讀懂線條和顏色，理解藝術(shù)家的意思是非常困難的。F項(xiàng)指出“不同的人對(duì)一幅簡(jiǎn)單的畫有不同的理解”，與上文銜接緊密且與下文邏輯一致，故選F。
5．解析：選C　根據(jù)空前一句可知，并非每件藝術(shù)作品剛開始就能吸引你的眼球并打動(dòng)你；據(jù)此可以判斷，有些藝術(shù)作品需要花時(shí)間才能領(lǐng)會(huì)其中的意義，故C項(xiàng)符合語境。


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