一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查

(一)分類記單詞——省時高效

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．soccer n．　　　(英式)足球
2．eastern adj. 東方國家的；東部的
3．flashlight n. 手電筒
4．novel n. (長篇)小說
5．schoolmate n. 同學(xué)
6．headmaster n. 校長
7．handkerchief n. 手帕，紙巾
8．canteen n. 食堂，餐廳
9．a(chǎn)ppetite n. 食欲，胃口
10．yummy adj. 美味的
11．erupt vi. 爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)
12．parcel n. 郵包，包裹
13．earthquake n. 地震
14．literature n. 文學(xué)
15．well-off adj. 富有的
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．a(chǎn)bsorb_ vt. 吸收；理解，掌握
2．bear_ vt. 攜帶；容忍
3.familiar adj.　　　　熟悉的，常見的
4．indicate_ vt. 表明；表示
5．laughter n. 笑；笑聲
6．brief_ adj. 短暫的，簡短的
7．exchange vt. 兌換，交換
8．request n. 請求
9．a(chǎn)ttach vt. 喜歡，依戀；系，固定
10．owe vt. 欠(情、債等)
11．modest adj. 謙虛的；適度的
12．a(chǎn)spect_ n. 方面
13．export vt. 出口，輸出
14．whisper vi. 低語，耳語
15．custom_ n. 習(xí)俗，風(fēng)俗
16．outdoors_ adv. 在戶外，在野外
17．manners_ n. 禮貌
18．stare vi. 凝視，盯著看
19．broad adj. 各種各樣的；廣闊的
20．outgoing adj. 友好的，樂于交友的
21．book_ vt. 預(yù)約，預(yù)訂
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．a(chǎn)ddition n．相加；增加物→additional adj.補(bǔ)充的，額外的，附加的
2．a(chǎn)pology n．道歉，認(rèn)錯→apologize v．道歉，謝罪
3．expectation n．期待的事物；預(yù)期→expect vt.期待，預(yù)料；指望→expected adj.預(yù)期的，預(yù)料的
4．majority n．大半，大多數(shù)→major adj.主要的 vi.主修
5．reasonable adj.合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)摹鷕eason n．理由v.推論；勸說；理解→reasonably adv.合理地；相當(dāng)?shù)?br /> 6．movement n．動作；活動→move v．移動；感動→movable adj.可移動的→moving adj.令人感動的
7．curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地→curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇心
8．informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.正式的
9．injure vt.傷害→injury n．傷害，損害→injured adj.受傷的
10．educator n．教育者→education n．教育→educated adj.有教養(yǎng)的→educate vt.教育
[語境活用]
1．His generous donation filled our need for additional funds, and in addition,_it encouraged more and more people to give a hand.(addition)
2．His explanation was not reasonable,_so all of us didn't accept his reason for being absence. He should apologize to us reasonably.(reason)
3．He expected that everyone would burst out laughing when he finished his joke, but beyond his expectation nobody laughed.(expect)
4．The boy is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)
5．Three people were killed and five were injured in the crash.The doctor said two of the injured had serious injuries.(injure)
6．Many students who were educated by the famous educator received further education.(educate)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活

寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.get_used_to　　　　　　　習(xí)慣于
2．give_..._a_lift 讓……搭車，搭便車
3．see_...off 給(某人)送行
4．belong_to 屬于
5．insist_on 堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求
6．stare_at 盯著看；凝視
7．be_attached_to 附屬于
8．sound_like 聽起來像
9．in_poor_condition 狀況不好
10．be_sensitive_to 對……敏感
11．a(chǎn)t_least 至少
12．contrary_to 與……相反
13．put/bring_an_end_to 結(jié)束
14．loads_of 許多，大量
1.The foreign student could not get_used_to eating the strange food.
2．After Tom_saw Frank off at the bus station, he went to the school office to work.
3．A final battle put/brought_an_end_to the war, and then the country had been in peace for many years.
4．The young man insisted_on being sent to where he was most needed.
5．The fresh air belongs_equally_to us all; we should protect it from being polluted.
6．I made everything perfectly clear — or at_least I thought I did.
7．Don't be_sensitive_to what I said — I wasn't criticizing you.
8．They stared_at the strange sight in silent wonder.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.I'd rather stay cosy and read my novel.
我寧可舒服地待著，看看小說。
would rather do ...“寧愿做……”。
如果你撒謊或者不遵守諾言，沒有人會相信你。因此我寧愿受到責(zé)備也不會去欺騙他人。
If you tell lies or don't keep your words, no one will trust you.So I would_rather_be_scolded than cheat others.
2.Would you mind giving me and my schoolmate a lift to school?
你能讓我和我的同學(xué)搭上你的車去上學(xué)嗎？
Would you mind doing ...？“請你做……好嗎？”
(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))看完短片后，請給我們提一些建議好嗎？
After seeing the short film，would_you_mind_giving us some advice, please？
3.Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.
定好和朋友到哪里去度假。
“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2014·重慶高考書面表達(dá))我很珍惜這本書，因?yàn)樗嬖V我如何用一種積極的方式保持平衡的友誼。
I value this book because it tells me how_to_keep the balance of friendship in a positive way.
4.When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.
剛到舊金山的時候，有段時間我感到很難理解某些美國人的處事方式。
have a difficult time (in) doing sth.“有一段較為困難的時光”。
(2013·江西高考書面表達(dá))爬山有點(diǎn)困難，但到達(dá)山頂后，我們高興地又跳又叫。
We have_a_difficult_time_(in)_climbing_the_hill,_but we jumped and cheered with joy after we got to the top.
5.I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.
上次我到中國參觀時也有同樣的經(jīng)歷。
the last time“上次……的時候”，用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
(2016·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))我仍然記著上次你來我們學(xué)校參觀的時候給我展示了關(guān)于那個主題的照片。
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化



1．owe vt.欠(情、債等)；歸功于
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①These early settlers owed their survival_to hard work and determination to succeed.
②I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.
③Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
④The country owes foreign countries billions of dollars because of the financial crisis.
→The country owes billions of dollars to foreign countries because of the financial crisis.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.　　 欠某人某物
owe ... to ... 把……歸功于；歸因于
owing to 因?yàn)?；由?br /> owe it to sb. that ... 多虧了某人
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤He owes this to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.this→it
佳句時時寫
⑥(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))我們把排名的提高歸功于產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)上。
We_owe_it_to_the_products_or_services_that_good_ratings_increase.
[名師指津]　如果owe的賓語是動詞不定式或名詞性從句，可使用it作形式賓語，將充當(dāng)真正賓語的動詞不定式或名詞性從句放在句尾。
2．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收；理解；使專心；使全神貫注；掌握
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.
②Absorbed (absorb) in painting, Mary didn't notice evening approaching.
③Most little shops have been absorbed by/into big businesses.
完成句子
④He is_absorbed_in_the_sports_news on the back page of his newspaper.
他在全神貫注地閱讀報(bào)紙末版上的體育新聞。
⑤The first Chinese woman astronaut Liu Yang absorbed_the_whole_world's_attention.
第一位中國女宇航員劉洋吸引了全世界的注意力。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)absorb sb.'s attention to (doing) sth.
吸引某人對(做)某事的注意力 　
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收到/并入……
(2)be absorbed by/into ...　 被……吞并；為……所吸收
be absorbed in (doing) sth.
全神貫注于/熱衷于/一心從事某事
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑥Absorbed with his work, he simply forgot to have supper and sleep.with→in
佳句時時寫
⑦(2015·福建高考書面表達(dá))一縷光線從墻上的一個小孔穿過，他(借助燈光)全神貫注地讀書。
A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_was_absorbed_in_his_reading.
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　(1)表示“吸引某人注意(力)”的短語還有：
①draw/attract one's attention
②catch one's attention/eyes
(2)表示“專心于”的短語還有：
①be lost/buried in?、赽e devoted to
3．familiar adj.熟悉的，常見的
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①I've just come here. I'm still not familiar with the work.
②This old song is familiar to those Chinese people who lived in the 1960s.
完成句子
③I was_so_familiar_with_him that I recognized his voice instantly I picked up the phone.
我對他是如此的熟悉以至于我一拿起電話就聽出了他的聲音。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
sb.be familiar with sth.　　　 某人對某物熟悉
sth.be familiar to sb.＝sth.be known to sb.
某物為某人所熟悉
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
④He is quite familiar to the city because he is a native of it.to→with
佳句時時寫
⑤(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))你最好提前學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)漢語。只有用這種方式，你才能熟悉北京的生活。
You'd_better_learn_some_basic_Chinese_ahead_of_time._Only_in_this_way_can_you_get_familiar_with_the_life_in_Beijing.
[名師指津]　be familiar with主語一般是有生命的人，意為“某人對某人/某事熟悉”；be familiar to主語一般是無生命的事物，意為“某事為某人所熟悉”。
4．a(chǎn)ttach vt.系，固定；附上，貼上；喜歡，依戀
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①It is high time that the country should attach importance to energy saving and environment protection.
②A young man attached himself (he) to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.
③Father asked me to attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.
完成句子
④Don't attach_too_much_importance_to this report.
不要過于看重這份報(bào)告。
⑤The research unit is_attached_to_the university.
這個研究機(jī)構(gòu)附屬于這所大學(xué)。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)attach ... to ...　　　 把……固定到/附/貼在……上
attach importance/significance/value to
認(rèn)為……重要/有意義/有價值
attach oneself to sb. 與某人在一起；纏著某人
(2)attached adj. 依戀的；附加的
(be) attached to 附屬于；依戀

　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑥In many countries, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning attached on them.on→to
佳句時時寫
⑦(2017·天津高考書面表達(dá))為了成為第十三屆全運(yùn)會的志愿者，我提前做了很多我認(rèn)為重要的準(zhǔn)備。
To_get_admitted_as_a_volunteer_for_the_13th_National_Games,_I_have_made_many_preparations_I_attach_importance_to_in_advance.
5．request n．& vt.請求，要求
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①At_the request of mayor, he made a speech on the square.
②You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and request it to_perform (perform) different tasks.
③The Police Committee requested a grant from the Government to cover the extra expense.
一句多譯
老板要求我們不要在辦公室里吸煙。
④The_boss_requested_us_not_to_smoke_in_the_office.(request sb. not to do)
⑤The_boss_requested_that_we_(should)_not_smoke_in_the_office. (request that)
⑥It_was_requested_that_we_(should)_not_smoke_in_the_office.(It is/was requested that)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)make a request for ...　　　　 請求，要求……
at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb.應(yīng)某人的要求
(2)request sb.(not) to do sth. 請求某人(不)做某事
request sth.from/of sb. 向某人請求某物
request (that) ...　　　　　　 請求……
It is/was requested that ... 據(jù)要求……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑦M(jìn)y father requested that I arrived home at dusk.
arrived→arrive
佳句時時寫
⑧(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))要求兩個隊(duì)每天訓(xùn)練兩個小時并且定期參加比賽。
It_is_requested_that_both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.
[名師指津]　在與request相關(guān)的名詞性從句或“It is/was requested that ...”句型中，從句謂語動詞用“should＋do”表示虛擬語氣，should可以省略。
6．exchange vt.&n.兌換，交換
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①I will make the best of the opportunity to exchange ideas with them.
②I am going to travel abroad, so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.
③I'll type your report if you'll babysit to make an exchange.
一句多譯
他用一個蘋果換我一塊蛋糕。
④He gave me an apple in_exchange_for a piece of cake.
⑤He exchanged_an_apple_with_me_for a piece of cake.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)exchange sth.for sth.　　　 以某物交換某物
exchange sth.with sb. 與某人交換某物
(2)make an exchange 交換
in exchange for sth. 交換某物
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑥It is illegal for public officials to solicit (索要) gifts or money in exchange with favours.with→for
佳句時時寫
⑦(2014·天津高考書面表達(dá))得知你下學(xué)期將作為一名交流生來我們學(xué)校我非常高興。
I'm_very_happy_to_learn_that_you_will_come_to_our_school_next_term_as_an_exchange_student._
7．majority n．大半，大多數(shù)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①At present, in the teaching profession, women are in a/the majority.
②The majority is/are (be) in favour of the proposal that we should save water in our daily life.
③The majority of astronauts from America have_been (be)men in the last few years.
完成句子
④The white are_in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.
在澳大利亞，白人占多數(shù)而原住民反而占少數(shù)。
⑤The_majority_of_the_damage is easy to repair.
大部分的損失很容易補(bǔ)救。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)a/the majority of　　　　　　……的大多數(shù)
in a/the majority 占大多數(shù)
by/with a majority of 以多數(shù)票……
(2)minority n. 少數(shù)
in the minority 占少數(shù)
(3)“a/the majority of＋名詞”作主語時，其后謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)。the majority作主語時，謂語動詞既可以用復(fù)數(shù)，也可以用單數(shù)。
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑥The majority of the land have been destroyed so far. have→has
佳句時時寫
⑦(2016·四川高考書面表達(dá))正像我一樣，大部分人認(rèn)為夏天比其他三個季節(jié)有趣。
Just_like_me,_the_majority_think_summer_is_certainly_more_interesting_than_the_other_three_seasons.
8．bear vi.& vt.(bore, borne/born)容忍，忍受；承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)；支撐；承受；生育；出生；結(jié)(果實(shí))；攜帶
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
寫出下列句中bear的含義
①I can't bear sharing the same room with him. 容忍，忍受
②John was bitten by a dog, and he bears the scars to this day. 攜帶
③I think the ice on the lake is too thin to bear your weight. 支撐
④She has borne a son and two daughters. 生育
⑤Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？ 承擔(dān)
完成句子
⑥You shouldn't have to bear_the_blame_for other people's mistakes.
你不應(yīng)該非得代人受過。
⑦We must bear_it_in_mind_that wasting time is equal to wasting our life.
我們必須牢記浪費(fèi)時間等于浪費(fèi)生命。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
bear the blame/responsibility　　　受責(zé)備/承擔(dān)責(zé)任
can't bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事
bear sb./sb.'s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事
bear sth.in mind 牢記某事
bear (it) in mind that ... 牢記……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑧He couldn't bear be made fun of like that before the whole class.be→being
佳句時時寫
⑨(2016·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))請記住我們上午8：30在學(xué)校外會面。
Please_bear_it_in_mind_that_we'll_meet_at_8：30_am_outside_the_school_gate.



1．see ... off 給(某人)送行
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①John is leaving for London tomorrow and I'll see him off at the airport.
②Can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon?
完成句子
③I'm so glad you've come here to_see_to_the_matter in person.
我很高興你能親自來處理這件事情。
④You were very clever_to_see_through_him. He had deceived the rest of us.
你能看穿他真是聰明，他把我們其余的人都蒙蔽了。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
see through ...　　　　　 看透，識破；把……做完
see to sb./sth. 照料；注意；處理
see to it that ... 確保/保證……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤You will have to see to that all the windows are shut when you leave.that前加it
佳句時時寫
⑥(2013·江西高考書面表達(dá))上午八點(diǎn)，我們在學(xué)校門口集合，校長給我們送行，然后我們朝著大青山出發(fā)。
At_8_am,_we_gathered_at_the_gate_of_the_school._The_headmaster_saw_us_off_and_then_we_set_out_for_Daqing_Mountain._
2．get used to習(xí)慣于
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①He gets_used_to_getting_up_early and he can enjoy the fresh air in the morning.
他習(xí)慣早起來呼吸早上新鮮的空氣。
②Smartphones are_used_to_do many things for people now.
現(xiàn)在手機(jī)被用來為人們做很多事情。
③We used_to_sit in the yard every evening, listening to stories told by my grandpa.
過去我們常常每天晚上坐在院子里，聽爺爺講故事。
④When he was young, he used_to go there on foot. Now he has got_used_to going there by bike, though his bike is_used_to pick up his grandson sometimes.
他年輕的時候常步行去那里?，F(xiàn)在他習(xí)慣于騎自行車去那里，雖然有時候他的自行車被用來接孫子。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be/become/grow/get used to (doing) sth.
＝be/become/grow/get accustomed to (doing) sth.
習(xí)慣于(做)某事　　　　
(2)be used to do sth. 被用來做某事
(3)used to do sth. 過去常常做某事(暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做了)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤I used to get up late in the morning, but now I am used to get up early.第二個get→getting
佳句時時寫
⑥(2012·四川高考書面表達(dá))我習(xí)慣了在同學(xué)的幫助下背單詞。我真的希望你能給我一些如何記憶新單詞的建議。
I_am_used_to_learning_words_by_heart_with_the_help_of_classmates._I_really_hope_that_you_can_give_me_some_advice_on_how_to_memorize_new_words.
3．“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
　[教材原句]　Decide where_to_go_on_holiday with a friend.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①When and where to_discuss the issue hasn't been decided yet.
何時何地討論這個問題還沒有確定。
②Why not discover what you enjoy and do that?
為什么不去發(fā)現(xiàn)你喜歡做的然后去做呢？
③I don't know whether to_accept it or not.
我不知道是否接受它。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]

用法規(guī)則
(1)在“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式必須用主動式而不能用被動式。
(2)why后加不定式時，省略不定式符號to。
(3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。
注意事項(xiàng)
“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作賓語、主語、表語等。
　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2018·全國卷Ⅰ滿分作文)Speaking of table manners, I think it is important for you to know how to use chopsticks.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2015·浙江高考滿分作文)Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum.
③(增分要點(diǎn)句)The question many students are puzzled about is how to study English well.

4．the last time引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
　[教材原句]　I had a similar experience the_last_time I visited China.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①The_last_time I saw him, he was in hospital.
上次我見到他時，他住院了。
②He left me a good impression the_first_time I met him.
我第一次見到他時，他給我留下了好印象。
③The_moment he got out of the airport, the famous pop star was surrounded by his fans.
這位著名歌星一出飛機(jī)場，就被歌迷圍了起來。
④I came to see you instantly (instant) I heard the news.
我一聽到這個消息，就馬上來看你了。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
the last time作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。類似的還有：the moment， the minute， the second， the instant， the day， the week， the month， the year， each/every/next/any/last time， immediately， instantly， directly， by the time等。
　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2015·安徽高考滿分作文)The first time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2013·湖南高考滿分作文)The first time we lost the match, we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.



Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．It seems reasonable (合理的) to expect rapid urban growth.
2．Adler was an outgoing (外向的), sociable kind of man.
3．I was in the canteen (食堂) of a local school when the fire alarm went off.
4．It's traditional for the two teams to exchange (交換) shirts after the game.
5．The research indicates (表明) that eating habits is changing fast.
6．Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees_absorb (吸收) carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.
7．They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more_familiar (熟悉的) with them.
8．They've been too badly hurt and they couldn't bear (容忍) to let it happen again.
9．A guide gave a brief (簡短的) introduction about the history of the site.
10．Attach (貼上) a recent photograph to your application form.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．It is reported that the majority of the young, with their parents working in distant cities, have_been_suffering (suffer) from a sense of loneliness for years.
2．He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.
3．No wonder his wife complains about him. No one can bear him staying (stay) at home, doing nothing day after day.
4．It is requested that each of the teachers invited (should)_give (give) a performance at the party.
5．Curiously (curious) enough, that very same thought occurred to me when I heard about the incident.
6．Educators (educate) are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the poor students.
7．What is being pulled down is the only theme park that is familiar to children.
8．With the development of science and technology, the surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.
9．The majority (major) of the young people in the village have visited the Summer Palace.
10．Whoever he marries, she'll have to get used to getting (get) along with his friends.
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．Don't respond to any e-mails requested personal information, no matter how official they look. requested→requesting
2．She said she was familiar to Makcik's daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping. to→with
3．We have no vacancies now, but we'll certainly bear your application on mind. on→in
4．In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents is caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams. is→are
5．I owed to you that I made such rapid progress in my spoken English. owed后加it
6．I get so absorbing in doing something that I am unaware of things happening round me. absorbing→absorbed
7．He also said that they were determined to bring end to terrorism. end前加an
8．Only if you attach importance on your work can you make it well. on→to
9．You'd better get used to do as you're told. do→doing
10．Both of my parents insist about buying a computer for me, but I don't think it is necessary. about→on
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．This kind of cancer is_attached_to_smoking_and_drinking.
這種癌癥與吸煙、喝酒有聯(lián)系。
2．He was_absorbed_in_the books after borrowing them from a bookshop.
從書店借來書之后，他便沉浸在這些書中。
3．Thousands of people were at the airport to_see_them_off.
數(shù)千人在機(jī)場為他們送行。
4．The_last_time_I_wrote_you_a_letter,_it was the fourth year after I graduated.
我上一次給你寫信，那是在我畢業(yè)后的第四年。
5．He has never considered how_to_solve_the_problem.
他從未考慮過如何解決這個問題。


本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“文化影響”子話題相對應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點(diǎn)
子話題——文化影響
(一)淺易詞匯溫一 溫
①welcome　　 ②greet　　 　 ③praise　　 ④talk
⑤drink ⑥follow ⑦enjoy ⑧different
⑨decision ⑩rude ?offer ?understanding
?share ?traditional ?bow ?behavior
?social ?polite ?respond

(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①custom n．　　　 風(fēng)俗　　 ②culture n．　　　　 文化
③mention vt. 提到 ④helpful adj. 有幫助的
⑤emphasize vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào) ⑥cultural adj. 文化的
⑦relationship n. 關(guān)系 ⑧uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
⑨unnecessary adj. 不必要的 ⑩similar adj. 相似的
?experience n. 經(jīng)歷 ?value n. 價值
?conversation n. 談話 ?represent v. 代表
?symbol n. 象征 ?gesture n. 姿勢
?misunderstand v. 誤解 ?punctual adj. 準(zhǔn)時的
?reflect v. 反映 ?unique adj. 獨(dú)特的

(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①Chinese social customs　　　中國社交習(xí)俗
②show politeness 表達(dá)禮貌
③put ... away 把……收起來
④at dinner party 在宴會上
⑤look forward to 盼望
⑥r(nóng)elationship building 關(guān)系建立
⑦in my own culture 在我自己的文化里
⑧further study 深造
⑨be compared with 與……相比較
⑩come across 偶遇
?in addition to 除……以外
?foreign language 外語
?second-language skills 第二語言技能
?eye contact 眼神交流
?facial expression 面部表情
?remove prejudice and misunderstanding　消除偏見和誤解
?cultural exchange 文化交流
?cultural background 文化背景
?cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流
?multicultural society 多元文化社會
cultural diversity 文化差異

(四)寫作佳句背一背
①Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols or social contact.
②Many traditional values are of permanent significance and should be observed in the modern and post modern eras.
③A lack of awareness of cultural diversity or local customs can create problems, and cause trouble.
二、話題書面表達(dá)亮一點(diǎn)

假設(shè)你是李華。你的外國筆友Jane打算七月來中國，特來信了解中國的社交習(xí)俗。請你用英語寫一封回信。從以下幾個方面給出建議：
1．見面時的問候方式；
2．對贊美的回答方式；
3．接收禮物時的回應(yīng)方式；
4．餐飲禮節(jié)。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
　　　

[寫作4步走]

第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句
welcome, Chinese social customs, greet, praise, reply, unnecessary, in addition to, show politeness, put ... away, at dinner party, talk, drink, custom, culture, follow, proverb, enjoy, mention, helpful, look forward to　　
1．很高興收到你的來信，歡迎你七月份來中國。
I'm_glad_to_hear_from_you_and_you_are_welcome_to_China_in_July.
2．下面就是一些中國社交習(xí)俗。
The_followings_are_some_Chinese_social_customs.
3．我們通過說“你好！”或者問“你去哪兒？”“你忙嗎？”這樣的問題來相互問候。
We_greet_each_other_by_saying_“Hello！”_or_asking_such_questions_as_“Where_are_you_going？”_or_“Are_you_busy？”
4．當(dāng)受到表揚(yáng)時，我們回復(fù)“哦，不！”或“過獎啦?！?br /> When_we_are_praised,_we_reply_with_“Oh,_no！”_or__“I'm_overpraised.”
5．收到禮物時，我們通常說“不必帶禮物。”，附帶“謝謝！”來表示禮貌然后把禮物收起來。
When_receiving_a_gift,_we_usually_say_“It's_unnecessary.”_in_addition_to_“Thanks！”_to_show_politeness_and_then_put_it_away.
6．在宴會上，當(dāng)喝酒祝福某人健康或成功時，我們以大聲談話和碰杯來表示。
At_dinner_parties,_we_talk_loudly_and_touch_glasses_when_we_are_drinking_to_someone's_health_or_success.
7．不同的文化有不同的習(xí)俗。
There_are_different_customs_in_different_cultures.
8．你遵守諺語“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”。
You_follow_the_proverb_“Do_as_the_Romans_do_when_in_Rome”．
9．你將在這里享受到更多快樂。
You'll_enjoy_more_of_your_stay_here.
10．我希望上面提到的會對你有所幫助，盼望著你的到來。
I_hope_what's_mentioned_above_will_be_helpful_and_I_am_really_looking_forward_to_your_coming.

第二步：量寫夠——語句擴(kuò)充
11．在第4句中加入目的狀語“來表達(dá)禮貌”。
When_we_are_praised,_we_reply_with_“Oh,_no！”_or_“I'm_overpraised.”_to_show_good_manners.
12．在第6句中加入目的狀語“來表達(dá)我們的熱心”。
At_dinner_parties,_we_talk_loudly_and_touch_glasses_when_we_are_drinking_to_someone's_health_or_success_to_show_that_we're_warm.

第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
13．用“when ＋過去分詞”改寫第11句。
When_praised,_we_reply_with_“Oh,_no！”_or_“I'm_overpraised.”_to_show_good_manners.
14．用“when ＋現(xiàn)在分詞”改寫第12句。
At_dinner_parties,_we_talk_loudly_and_touch_glasses_when_drinking_to_someone's_health_or_success_to_show_that_we're_warm.
15．用if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句合并第8句和第9句。
If_you_follow_the_proverb_“Do_as_the_Romans_do_when_in_Rome”，_you'll_enjoy_more_of_your_stay_here.

第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
用firstly， secondly， next， finally， anyhow等詞匯連句成文。
Dear_Jane，
I'm_glad_to_hear_from_you_and_you_are_welcome_to_China_in_July._The_followings_are_some_Chinese_social_customs.
Firstly,_we_greet_each_other_by_saying_“Hello！”or_asking_such_questions_as_“Where_are_you_going？”_or_“Are_you_busy？”Secondly,_when_praised,_we_reply_with_“Oh,_no！”_or_“I'm_overpraised.”_to_show_good_manners._Next,_when_receiving_a_gift,_we_usually_say_“It's_unnecessary.”_in_addition_to_“Thanks！”_to_show_politeness_and_then_put_it_away._Finally,_at_dinner_parties,_we_talk_loudly_and_touch_glasses_when_drinking_to_someone's_health_or_success_to_show_that_we're_warm.Anyhow,_there_are_different_customs_in_different_cultures._If_you_follow_the_proverb_“Do_as_the_Romans_do_when_in_Rome.”，_you'll_enjoy_more_of_your_stay_here.
I_hope_what's_mentioned_above_will_be_helpful_and_I_am_really_looking_forward_to_your_coming.
Yours，
Li_Hua



Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空
Different cultures ?emphasize (強(qiáng)調(diào)) the importance of ?relationship_building (關(guān)系建立) to a greater or lesser degree.For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.
Talk and silence may also be ?different (difference) in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an ?uncomfortable (不舒服的) silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. ?In_my_own_culture (在我自己的文化里), we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are ?unnecessary (沒必要的)．
Even within Northern Europe, ?cultural (culture) differences can cause serious problems.Certainly, English and German cultures share ?similar (相似的) values; however，Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are ?rude (粗魯?shù)?．In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions (decide) more quickly.
Ⅱ.片段選詞填空
offer， further study， experience， be compared with， understanding， value， come across， in addition to， foreign language， second-language skills
The other day I announced that I would go abroad for ?further_study right after my college education. My decision evoked (引起，喚起) the immediate objection of my family: Why? Why should I borrow a huge sum of money for overseas study while I might receive the same education at home at a relatively low cost? My answer is: ?in_addition_to_knowledge, I can gain experience that those who stay at home will never have.
First, ?experience is the opportunity for the real-life use of ?foreign_languages. While a person can study a foreign language at home, the effect can never ?be_compared_with constant use of the language in everyday life. There is no better opportunity to improve ?second-language_skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.
Second, living and studying abroad ?offers me a different perspective (角度) of the world. On a university campus, foreign students are likely to ?come_across their counter-parts from different countries and areas and are exposed to different ideas and ?values. This helps me to have a better understanding_of different societies and inevitably (必然地) see my own country in a new light.
Third, overseas experience, disappointing and painful as it may be, is helpful. A person going abroad for study often experiences much more difficulty — difficulty in adapting to a new culture and in dealing with all problems alone.



一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心

Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to_feed (feed)chickens, pigs, and cattle.
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)I don't want to get too absorbed (absorb) in modeling.It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
3．(2016·天津高考)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would_have_been_injured (injure)．
4．(2015·天津高考)Absorbed_ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
5．(2014·安徽高考)—I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.
—Oh great! Keep it up.
6．(2013·廣東高考)“That would be a very reasonable (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用owe, at least, familiar, request, stare, bear, laughter填空)
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Those brown eyes were very __53__. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I knew. That stranger was my son！____________
2．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise! He turned up at the hospital __53__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.____________
3．(2016·四川高考)The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud. By the end of the first chapter, __56__ were coming from the back seat: “Please read a little louder.”____________
4．(2015·北京高考)Dario's mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we __50__ you an apology，” she said. “I didn't realize how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”____________
5．(2015·天津高考)One agent recommended a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look __19__.____________
6．(2010·福建高考)On a Chinese New Year's Eve，my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was __40__at him, confused, scratching my head.____________
7．(2009·湖南高考)Johnny struggled to keep up with Lisette's smooth steps, but he was always one beat behind her.Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say，“Look！Johnny has two left feet！” __43__ burst from the crowd.Johnny broke away and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance.____________
答案：1.familiar　2.bearing　3.requests　4.owe
5．a(chǎn)t least　6.stare　7.laughter


二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度

新高考下的命題新視角：文化潛移默化地影響著人們的實(shí)踐活動、認(rèn)識活動和思維方式。與“文化影響”相關(guān)的話題也是高考的熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，文化影響類文章的選材一般以中西文化差異或者社會文化現(xiàn)象為重點(diǎn)。通過閱讀此類話題的文章，考生可以培養(yǎng)多元文化意識，在傳承和弘揚(yáng)中華民族文化的同時，廣泛吸納世界各地的優(yōu)秀文化?？忌谄綍r應(yīng)多關(guān)注與“文化影響”相關(guān)的一些材料。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
(加黑詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法)
(2016·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (間隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了沉默在不同文化里的具體含義。沉默有時表示思考，有時表示無話可說……不同的文化，人們對沉默有不同的理解。
32．What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A．It implies anger.　　　 B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.”以及下文給出的不同文化里沉默代表不同含義的例子可知，選項(xiàng)C與之相符合。
33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A．The Chinese. B．The French.
C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating ... just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.”以及“... silence is a call for reflection.”可知，許多美國本土人、一些傳統(tǒng)的中國人以及泰國人都把沉默看作是仔細(xì)思考的象征，故選A項(xiàng)。
34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中最后一段中的“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.”可知，作者建議護(hù)士們利用沉默的治愈效果來關(guān)愛病人，D項(xiàng)與此吻合。
35．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。整篇文章都在說，沉默在不同的文化和領(lǐng)域具有不同的含義，這與B項(xiàng)(沉默的含義)的表述相符。

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
明確文章主線，提煉文章標(biāo)題
有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，但是沒有用一句明確的話表達(dá)出來。這就要求做題時利用主線，根據(jù)文章的每一段的意義去全面考慮，綜合分析，找出共同點(diǎn)，再歸納成一般概念。如上文第35題，利用主線——沉默，根據(jù)每一段的段意(第1段：沉默的不同含義；第2段：沉默表示思考；第3段：沉默的其他文化內(nèi)涵；第4段：沉默在護(hù)理中的作用)可概括出共性——沉默在不同的文化和領(lǐng)域具有不同的含義，再歸納成一般概念——沉默的含義，故選B項(xiàng)。



Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·武漢調(diào)研)When I graduated from the University of Iowa last year, I did something my friends did not understand. I left Iowa, where I had friends and stability, to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco. At school, I had found a job driving a school bus so people asked, “Why on earth are you leaving？”
Well, at graduation I was presented with two things — a degree in psychology and a question. It was the same one that many in my generation got：“What do I do now？” It was as difficult as it was common. That's because many people at my age were raised with the same words, repeated over and over by parents, teachers and TV, that “you can be whatever you want to be”. As a young boy, every time when I was puzzled about my future, they would say that they would be happy if I was happy. However, what I needed was concrete advice but not a vague idea, for example, “be a doctor, or be a bus driver”．
My experience was by no means universal. Many Americans are taught by their parents that the only purpose in life is to attain money and power. As a goal, this seems much easier and clearer than finding “happiness” or “gentleness”. The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill, rather assuming that something would magically happen to overcome their problems. They often get a real shock when they enter the “real world” and find that their options are very limited. Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating, or have moved back in with their parents.
My life on the boat is hard at times, especially during storms. But this is my small attempt to be happy on my own. I'm not buying into my nation's idea of limitless possibilities because I feel that stops the growth of many of today's youth.
語篇解讀：本文是文化教育類夾敘夾議文。作者用自身的經(jīng)歷指出當(dāng)今美國的一個社會問題：青少年需要父母更為具體的引導(dǎo)和教育，讓他們知道自己將來具體想要做什么，而不是簡單地告訴他們“成為你想成為的人”。
1．Why were the friends confused about the writer's leaving?
A．He was tired of driving.
B．He suddenly quit school.
C．He would lose his friends.
D．He would lead a changing life.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“I did something my friends did not understand. I left Iowa, where I had friends and stability, to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco”可知，作者離開了艾奧瓦州，那里有他的朋友，有穩(wěn)定的工作，但他去了舊金山附近的一個船屋，開始自己一種新的生活，他的朋友們對他的這種做法很不理解，故答案選D。
2．What does the writer think of the guidance he got from American society?
A．It's specific. B．It's wrong.
C．It's general. D．It's correct.
解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，尤其是其中的“what I need was concrete advice but not a vague idea”可知，作者想要的是具體的建議，故可推知他認(rèn)為他得到的指導(dǎo)是寬泛的，故答案選C。
3．What directly caused a lot of Americans to have jobs lower than their expectations?
A．Their achievable goals.
B．The practical guidance.
C．Being shocked by the real world.
D．Lacking professional competence.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段最后一句“Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating, or have moved back in with their parents” 提到我的很多朋友在畢業(yè)后都當(dāng)了服務(wù)生或廚師，或者搬回去跟父母住在一起，上文分析了導(dǎo)致這種情況的原因“The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill”，也就是說，父母的這種教育方式導(dǎo)致很多孩子沒有去認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)技能。故答案選D。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Stay where you are
B．Be whatever you want to be
C．Blind faith in industrial society
D．Mistaken belief in limitless possibilities
解析：選D　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要闡述了作者指出當(dāng)前美國的一個社會問題：父母沒有給孩子提出具體的、明確的建議，教育其孩子把錢和權(quán)力當(dāng)成了生活的唯一目標(biāo)，這導(dǎo)致很多孩子沒有去認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)技能，在走上社會之后受到了影響，只能去做一些很低層次的工作。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I'm not buying ... today's youth”可知，作者批評了這種教育方式，并且不再相信美國社會的“無限可能”的信念。所以答案選D。
B
(2019·合肥模擬)Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people's behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitor finds that “yes” may not always means “yes”， that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain the feelings of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not account for all the setback that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了文化沖擊現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因、現(xiàn)象、結(jié)果等。
5．What do people feel when they are abruptly in a new culture?
A．Excited. B．Delighted.
C．Upset. D．Hopeless.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people's behavior in daily life”可知，由于語言不通、不了解當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗、不理解當(dāng)?shù)厝巳粘Ｉ钪械男袨榱?xí)慣，新來者會感到焦慮、擔(dān)心。C項(xiàng)意為“心煩意亂的”，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。
6．We can infer from the second paragraph that ________.
A．it's impossible to get used to a new culture
B．people feel confused due to culture shock
C．foreigners often don't mean what native people say
D．most foreigners are usually quite humorous
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“The foreigners may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain the feelings of puzzlement and confusion”可以判斷，由于文化沖擊，人們常常會感到困惑，故B項(xiàng)正確。
7．The biggest barrier people often meet with in a new country is ________.
A．the language　　　　　 B．the transportation
C．the environment D．the puzzlement
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language”并結(jié)合常識可知，在別的國家，人們遇到的最大問題就是語言不通。故A項(xiàng)正確。
8．A few immigrants say no to everything of the new country because ________.
A．they miss their native culture seriously
B．they know nothing about the culture
C．they can't enter the mainstream society
D．they really regret having immigrated
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted ... praises of the positive aspects of their own culture”可以判斷，由于對新文化一無所知，新來的一些移民常常會拒絕新的國家中的一切，故B項(xiàng)正確。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·武漢調(diào)研)Justin knew there was only one way out of his neighborhood — basketball. So he __1__ hard, running with the ball like the __2__ dogs were chasing (追逐) him. He could defeat any of the guys at the __3__， and he saw his way out and he ran for it.
One day when Justin was playing basketball, he __4__ his right knee badly. The doctor said he might never play __5__.Justin was extremely sad. Every day Justin just __6__ in bed, watching TV and eating potato chips. When he __7__ like a balloon, his sister came home from the university on holiday, bringing exciting __8__ of a faraway land called college.
Justin was __9__ by the dorm stories and campus (校園) __10__ that she told, but he could __11__ believe any of them. It was as if she were telling him about some __12__ land high above the clouds.
Justin was a pretty __13__ guy, but his sister had a way of __14__ him to do things that nobody else could. So while she was home during the __15__， they studied together, and they talked, and they worked, and Justin felt __16__ than he ever had before.
After spending those __17__ with his sister, Justin realized that he didn't want to feel bad for himself any more, and he didn't want to quit. Basketball __18__ be his thing, but now there was only __19__. Using the study skills Justin had acquired from his sister, he scored __20__ in every exam. The university that he applied to accepted him.
語篇解讀：本文是人物故事類記敘文。Justin曾因受傷不能打籃球而失去希望，但他在姐姐的鼓勵和帶動下，通過努力學(xué)習(xí)，改變了自己，考上了自己想去的大學(xué)。
1．A.hit　　　　　　　　　 B．studied
C．practised D．breathed
解析：選C　Justin認(rèn)為籃球是他走出去的唯一辦法，所以他努力練習(xí)打籃球。hit“打擊”；practise“練習(xí)”；breathe“呼吸”。
2．A.pet B．guide
C．cute D．wild
解析：選D　他努力練習(xí)打籃球，帶著球跑，就像是野狗在追趕他一樣。wild“野生的”符合語境。
3．A.top B．court
C．back D．beginning
解析：選B　在球場上，他能夠打敗所有的人。top“頂部”；court“球場”；beginning“開始”。
4．A.injured B．hugged
C．bent D．raised
解析：選A　根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，一天，當(dāng)Justin練習(xí)打籃球的時候，他的右腿膝蓋嚴(yán)重受傷。injure“使受傷”；hug“擁抱”；bend“壓彎”；raise“抬起”。
5．A.alone B．a(chǎn)gain
C．a(chǎn)round D．well
解析：選B　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處指醫(yī)生說他可能再也不能打籃球了。alone“獨(dú)自”；again“再一次”；around“在……周圍”。
6．A.played B．lay
C．jumped D．trained
解析：選B　Justin每天躺在床上，看電視、吃薯片。play“玩”；lie“躺”；jump“跳”；train“訓(xùn)練”。
7．A.stayed up B．looked up
C．grew up D．blew up
解析：選D　當(dāng)他胖成氣球一樣的時候，他上大學(xué)的姐姐放假回家了。stay up“熬夜”；look up“向上看，改善”；grow up“長大”；blow up“給(某物)充氣”， 此處是其引申含義。
8．A.tales B．challenges
C．discoveries D．possibilities
解析：選A　姐姐給他帶來了遙遠(yuǎn)的大學(xué)里那些令人興奮的故事，下文中的“dorm stories”是其信息提示。tale“故事”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；possibility“可能性”。
9．A.amazed B．satisfied
C．a(chǎn)nnoyed D．scared
解析：選A　根據(jù)下文中的“but he could ________ believe any of them”可知，Justin對于姐姐給他講的那些大學(xué)宿舍里的故事以及校園里瘋狂的事情感到很驚訝。amazed“大為驚奇的”；satisfied“滿足的”；annoyed“惱怒的”；scared“害怕的，恐懼的”。
10．A.stress B．canteens
C．craziness D．networks
解析：選C　參見上題解析。stress“壓力”；canteen“食堂”；craziness“瘋狂”；network“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。
11．A.firmly B．honestly
C．really D．hardly
解析：選D　根據(jù)下文中的“It was as if ... high above the clouds”可知，此處指他幾乎不相信任何一個故事。firmly“堅(jiān)定地”；honestly“誠實(shí)地”；really“真正地”；hardly“幾乎不”。
12．A.foreign B．rich
C．fantasy D．freedom
解析：選C　好像她在給他講述云層之上的夢幻大陸的事情。foreign“外國的”；rich“富裕的”；fantasy“幻想，想象”；freedom“自由”。
13．A.lazy B．stubborn
C．regular D．wise
解析：選B　根據(jù)空后的“but his sister ... that nobody else could”可知，Justin是一個很固執(zhí)的人。lazy“懶惰的”；stubborn“固執(zhí)的”；regular“定時的，經(jīng)常的”；wise“明智的”。
14．A.getting B．promising
C．permitting D．warning
解析：選A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)指Justin的姐姐有辦法讓他做別人讓他做不了的事情。get sb. to do sth.“讓某人做某事”，符合語境。
15．A.duty B．trial
C．break D．strike
解析：選C　根據(jù)上文中的“his sister came home from the university on holiday”可知，此處指她在回家休息期間。duty“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”；trial“試驗(yàn)，審判”；break“休息”；strike“罷工”。
16．A.weaker B．healthier
C．worse D．better
解析：選D　他們一起學(xué)習(xí)，一起探討，一起勞動，Justin感到從來沒有這么好過。
17．A.years B．hours
C．decades D．weeks
解析：選D　根據(jù)常識并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處指Justin與姐姐度過了數(shù)周(weeks)的假期。
18．A.used to B．ought to
C．had to D．got to
解析：選A　以前籃球就是他的一切。used to“過去常常”；ought to“應(yīng)該”；have to“不得不”；get to“有機(jī)會做”。
19．A.vacation B．victory
C．school D．strength
解析：選C　根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)指Justin現(xiàn)在心里只有上學(xué)了。school“上學(xué)”，符合語境。vacation“假期”；victory“勝利”；strength“力量”。
20．A.much B．high
C．little D．low
解析：選B　根據(jù)語境及文章最后一句可知，此處應(yīng)指Justin在每門考試中都得分很高。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·南昌模擬)Harvard is older than the United States. In the early 1630s some settlers suggested that a university __1__ (found) just to improve the quality of their descendants so that they could __2__ (well) build the new home. Thus, it was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Like many other __3__ (university) at that time, the Harvard at the early stage often ran into financial crisis. The school board often had to go to Europe to raise __4__ (donate), but as you can predict, they often came back __5__ their hands empty.
In 1638, John Harvard, pastor of Charlestown, passed away. He left his library and half his estate to the institution, __6__ were the biggest donation ever since its establishment. Therefore, the university was named after his name. Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard __7__ (stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard, and it is perhaps the University's best __8__ (know) landmark.
Like other world famous universities, Harvard too has many colleges and Harvard Business School is one of them. There is __9__ saying in education that Harvard is the crown of American education __10__ Harvard Business School is the shining diamond on it.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了哈佛大學(xué)創(chuàng)建初期遇到的困難、名稱的來歷以及其地位。
1．be founded　考查語態(tài)和虛擬語氣。主語a university和動詞found之間是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；suggest表示“建議”時，后接從句，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。
2．better　考查副詞的比較級。十七世紀(jì)三十年代早期，一些殖民者建議建立一所大學(xué)以提高他們后代的素質(zhì)，這樣他們就能更好地建造新的家園。根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示“更好地”，故用副詞比較級。
3．universities　考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。和當(dāng)時的其他許多大學(xué)一樣，早期的哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)常遭遇金融危機(jī)。university為可數(shù)名詞，該處表示“其他許多大學(xué)”，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4．donation(s)　考查名詞。學(xué)校董事會經(jīng)常不得不去歐洲籌集捐款，但正如你所能預(yù)測的，他們經(jīng)?？帐侄鴼w。根據(jù)該句中的及物動詞raise可知，空處作該及物動詞的賓語，故用名詞形式。
5．with　考查介詞。with表示“具有，帶有”，符合語境。
6．which　考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，句中his library and half his estate為先行詞，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。
7．standing　考查現(xiàn)在分詞。今天，你可以在哈佛廣場的大學(xué)禮堂前找到一尊站立著的John Harvard的雕像，這也許是這所大學(xué)最著名的地標(biāo)。a statue of John Harvard和動詞stand之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
8．known　考查形容詞。根據(jù)空處后的名詞“l(fā)andmark”可知，空處修飾該名詞，表示“知名的，著名的”，故用形容詞known。
9．a(chǎn)　考查不定冠詞。該處泛指“一句格言”，且saying的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。
10．a(chǎn)nd　考查連詞。在教育界有一句名言：哈佛是美國教育的王冠，哈佛商學(xué)院是它的閃亮之星?？涨暗摹癏arvard is the crown of American education”和空后的“Harvard Business School is the shining diamond on it”為并列關(guān)系，故用連詞and。
Ⅳ.短文改錯
(2019·陜西質(zhì)檢)
Dear Mr. Thomas，
I learn from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I had a friend, David, who is good for English. I think he is the right person for a post.
David does well in write in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest holding in our school. What's much, David is a friendly boy and he's always ready to help other whenever he is needed. And, most important, he gets on well with all his classmates and willing to work for the good of the team.
Please offer to him a chance. I'm sure he will give you a surprise.
Yours，
Sam
答案：第二句：had→have; for→at
第三句：a→the
第四句：write→writing; holding→held
第五句：much→more; other→others
第六句：important→importantly; and后加is
第七句：去掉to


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