(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意
1．diagram n. 　　　　　　　　 圖解；圖表；示意圖
2．volcano n. 火山
3．a(chǎn)sh n. 灰；灰末
4．hurricane n. 颶風(fēng)；風(fēng)暴
5．questionnaire n. 問卷；調(diào)查表
6．a(chǎn)longside adv. 在旁邊；沿著邊
prep. 在……旁邊；沿著……的邊
7．database n. 數(shù)據(jù)庫；資料庫
8．fountain vi.&vt. 泉水般地噴出或涌出
n. 噴泉；源泉
9．helmet n. 頭盔
10．boot n. 靴子
11．bungalow n. 平房；小屋
12．typhoon n. 臺風(fēng)
13．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
14．document n. 文件；證件
15．rainbow n. 彩虹
16．balcony n. 陽臺
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形
1．wave n. 波浪；波濤
vi. 波動(dòng)；起伏；揮手
2．potential n. 潛在性；可能性；潛能
adj. 可能的；潛在的
3．candidate n. 候選人；候補(bǔ)者
4．precious adj. 貴重的；珍貴的
5．shoot vt. 射中；射傷
6．shot n. 射擊；槍炮聲
7．sweat n. 汗
vi. 出汗
8．tremble vi. 搖晃；搖動(dòng)；顫抖
9．panic vi.&vt. 驚慌
n. 驚慌；恐慌
10．guarantee vt. 保證；擔(dān)保
11．threat n. 恐嚇；威脅
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變
1．equipment n．設(shè)備；裝備→equip v．配備；裝備[縱聯(lián)1]
2．a(chǎn)ppoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；約定；約會[縱聯(lián)2]
3．evaluate vt.評估；評價(jià)；估計(jì)→evaluation n．評估
4．a(chǎn)bsolute adj.絕對的；完全的→absolutely adv.絕對地；完全地
5．suit n．一套外衣；套裝vt.適合；使適宜→suitable adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的；適合的
6．erupt vi.(指火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→eruption n．火山爆發(fā)；(戰(zhàn)爭等)爆發(fā)[縱聯(lián)3]
7．a(chǎn)ctual adj.實(shí)在的；實(shí)際的→actually adv.實(shí)際地
8．novelist n．小說家→novel n．小說adj.新奇的
9．unconscious adj.失去知覺的；未察覺的→unconsciously adv.未察覺地→conscious adj.有知覺的；有意識的→consciously adv.有意識地
10．a(chǎn)nxious adj.憂慮的；不安的；焦慮地→anxiously adv.不安地；焦慮地→anxiety n．擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望
11．a(chǎn)ppreciation n．欣賞；感激；感謝→appreciate vt.欣賞；感激
12．fog n．霧；煙霧→foggy adj.有霧的；模糊的
13．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒適的→comfortable adj.合適的；舒適的→comfort vt.使安慰
14．diverse adj.多種多樣的；不同的→diversity n．多種多樣；多樣性
15．bathe v．洗澡；游泳→bath n．洗澡；沐浴

縱聯(lián)1.后綴-ment名詞小結(jié)
①equipment設(shè)備；裝備　　　 ②advertisement廣告
③announcement通知；通告 ④achievement功績；成就
⑤punishment懲罰 ⑥treatment對待；治療
⑦appointment任命；約定 ⑧requirement要求
縱聯(lián)2.“職場”高頻動(dòng)詞集錦
①appoint任命 ②hire雇用
③employ雇用 ④interview面試
⑤promote晉升 ⑥fire開除
⑦dismiss解雇 ⑧resign辭職
⑨retire退休
縱聯(lián)3.含詞根“-rupt(破)”詞集合
①erupt＝“e向外＋rupt破”向外破即“爆發(fā)”
②interrupt＝“inter中間的＋rupt破”從中間打破即“打攪”
③corrupt＝“cor共同＋rupt破”共同破壞即“腐敗”
④bankrupt＝“bank銀行＋rupt破”銀行破了即“破產(chǎn)”

單元話題——自然環(huán)境
子話題　大自然的力量
①natural disasters　　　　　　 自然災(zāi)害；天災(zāi)
②terrible adj. 可怕的；駭人的
③sandstorm n. 沙塵暴 ④landslide n．山體滑坡
⑤mudslide n．泥石流 ⑥acid rain n．酸雨
⑦shortage n．缺乏 ⑧threaten vt.威脅
⑨irreversible adj.不可逆的 ⑩frighten vt.使驚恐
?damage vt.毀壞；破壞 ?warning level警戒水位
?economic losses 經(jīng)濟(jì)損失
?rebuild one's home 重建某人的家園
?stricken area 受災(zāi)地區(qū)
[學(xué)考對接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ完形填空)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he taught me: “The absolute? most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions. On every single move you have to analyze a situation, process what your opponent (對手) is doing and 　?　 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.
①寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：完全的
②選詞填空：__D___
A．a(chǎn)nnounce　　B．signal　　C．block　　D．evaluate
2．(2017·6月浙江高考完形填空)Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They discussed various? matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more 　?　 to her than mountains of gold.
①寫出加彩詞在本單元中的同義詞：diverse
②選詞填空：__B__
A．practical　　B．precious　　C．reliable　　D．expensive
3．(2009·遼寧高考閱讀C)A volcanic 　?　 (erupt) in Iceland has sent ash? across northern Europe.Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean，leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active 　?　 (volcano) in Europe.What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier (冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick.
①用erupt的適當(dāng)形式填空：eruption
②寫出ash在句中的含義：灰
③用volcano的適當(dāng)形式填空：volcanoes
高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用
(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞補(bǔ)全句子)
1．(2015·陜西高考書面表達(dá))首先，因?yàn)槲业挠⒄Z口語很流利，我認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工作很適合我。(suit)
Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think this_job_suits_me_well.
2．(2013·福建高考書面表達(dá))精心打扮的孩子在中間驕傲地?fù)]動(dòng)著手，然而后面的父親向前彎下身體托起外套，前面的母親汗流浹背滾動(dòng)著地毯。(wave)
The son, well dressed, waves_proudly_in_the_middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating.
3．(2013·北京高考書面表達(dá))就像圖畫中的這個(gè)人，他實(shí)際捉了一條小魚而不是他夢想中的大魚。(actually)
Just like the man in the picture, instead of the big fish he wishes for, he actually catches a small one.
4．(2010·福建高考書面表達(dá))總之，全世界的人們應(yīng)該意識到水資源缺乏的真實(shí)情況，保護(hù)現(xiàn)有的水資源并且科學(xué)開發(fā)潛在的水資源。(potential)
In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore_potential_ones_scientifically.

(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
1．a(chǎn)ppoint vt.任命；委派；約定；指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)
[記牢]
(1)appoint sb. as/to be ...　　　　 任命某人為……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointed adj. 約定的
(3)appointment n. 任命；約定；約會
have an appointment with sb. 與某人有約會
make an appointment with sb. 與某人預(yù)約
keep/break an appointment 守/違(爽)約
[練通]
單句語法填空
①Yesterday, Sam was_appointed (appoint) as manager of the engineering department.
②You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place, and other participants can have free access to them.
③I have an appointment (appoint) with him, but I need to change it.
④I was appointed_to_take (take) charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
補(bǔ)全句子
⑤I have made_an_appointment_with my dentist to have my tooth pulled out this afternoon.
今天下午我和牙醫(yī)約好給我拔牙了。
[寫美]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
⑥He was appointed as president of the university yesterday. He is giving a speech on the platform now.
→Appointed_as_president of the university yesterday, he is giving a speech on the platform now.(過去分詞作狀語)
2．suit n．一套外衣；套裝vt.適合；使適宜
[記牢]
(1)a suit of　　　　　　　　　 一套……
suit ...to ... 使……適合……
(2)suited adj. 適合的(作表語)
be suited for/to sth. (某人)適合某物
(3)suitable adj. 適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的；適合的
be suitable for sb. (某物)適合某人
be suitable to do sth. 適合做某事
[練通]
單句語法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②The simplicity of the book makes it suitable (suit) for children.
一句多譯
他不適合這份工作，兩周后就離職了。
③He_wasn't_suited_for_the_job_and left after two weeks.(suited)
④The_job_wasn't_suitable_for_him and he left after two weeks.(suitable)
⑤The_job_didn't_suit_him and he left after two weeks.(suit)
選詞填空(suit/match/fit)
⑥The hat doesn't suit her, for one thing it doesn't fit because of its size; for another its color doesn't match her charming face.
[用準(zhǔn)]　suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等； 而fit多指大小、形狀的合適；match多指色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。
[寫美]　翻譯句子
⑦(2016·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))如果不方便，請告訴我什么時(shí)間最適合你。
If_not,_let_me_know_what_time_suits_you_best.
3．a(chǎn)nxious adj.憂慮的；不安的
[記牢]
(1)be anxious for/about　　　　　　 為……擔(dān)心/擔(dān)憂
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦慮地；不安地
[練通]
單句語法填空
①The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious (anxiety)．
②It's natural for parents to be anxious about/for their children's future.
單句改錯(cuò)
③I heard you suffered from anxious when you took an exam recently.anxious→anxiety
④Instead of blaming me, he asked me anxious what was going on.anxious→anxiously
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤別人告訴我輔導(dǎo)中心可以給學(xué)生提供幫助，我急于想從您那兒得到一些幫助。
I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious to get help from you.
4．panic n．驚慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)驚慌/恐慌
[記牢]
(1)in panic　　　　　　　　　 驚慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人驚慌地做某事
[練通]　單句語法填空
①Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.
②Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.
③Hearing the gun, the deer was_panicked (panic) into running straight for the headlights.
[用準(zhǔn)]　注意panic的過去式和過去分詞都是“panicked”。
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
④每當(dāng)人們在驚恐慌亂中做出決定時(shí)，結(jié)果往往都不太美妙。
Whenever_people_make_decisions_when_they_are_in_panic,_the consequences are rarely pretty.
5．guarantee v．保證；擔(dān)保n.保證；擔(dān)保；保修單
[記牢]
(1)guarantee to do sth.　　　　　　 　 保證做某事
guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保證某事
(2)under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi)
[練通]
單句語法填空
①We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee to_succeed (succeed) in the end.
②The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.
單句改錯(cuò)
③If you send the application form in straight way, I can guarantee you of an interview.去掉of
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
④(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))作為準(zhǔn)備，事先閱讀一些中文小說會保證讓你融入中國語言的環(huán)境中。
As for preparation, reading some Chinese novels in advance will guarantee you adapting into the Chinese language environment.
[詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 　
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．He crossed the street and walked alongside (沿著……的邊) Central Park.
2．Waving (揮手) goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
3．I hope that I can fulfill my potential (潛力) in this exam.
4．I would appreciate it very much if you could give us some precious (寶貴的) advice on how to improve our online English school.
5．Only when one is in good health can he guarantee (保證) efficient learning.
6．Studies indicate an increasing threat (威脅) from extreme weather, such as tornado, typhoon, drought, flooding, sandstorm, hailstorm, and so on.
7．Our research attempts to evaluate (評估) the effectiveness of the different drugs.
8．They are the people from diverse (不同的) cultures.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．We will not be_panicked (panic) into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence.
2．With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable for their children to see.
3．They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.
4．Cycling is an absolutely (absolute) energy-saving means of transportation.
5．After listening to his advice he had no more anxieties (anxious)．
6．To show our appreciation (appreciate) for all your hard work, we'd like to give you a bonus.
7．She was the first woman to_be_appointed (appoint) to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.
8．A man in the river was shouting and waving (wave) his arms around desperately.
9．If you have the interest to visit there, don't forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to_enjoy (enjoy) the sights in their natural state.
10．That is the reason why many people often feel uncomfortable (comfort) in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．If the people in the building hadn't been in a panic and left in order when the fire occurred, many of them would not have been killed. 去掉a
2．Parents are usually anxious to the children when they don't come back home from school on time.to→for/about
3．A meeting was held for the purpose of appoint a new secretary.appoint→appointing
4．To students, you'd better choose the activities which interest you and suit for you.去掉for
5．This is the building where the new sports equipment are stored.are→is
6．You are absolute right. It is our responsibility to stop all illegal activities of damaging forests. absolute→absolutely
7．The headmaster who had attended the grand ceremony waved the students and teachers with a smile.waved后加to
8．It's believed that quantities of building materials are potential harmful to people's body.potential→potentially
Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1．他被委派去解決環(huán)境污染問題。(appoint)
He was_appointed_to_solve_the_problem of environmental pollution.
2．更糟糕的是，我急于尋找失敗的原因。(anxious)
To make matters worse, I was_too_anxious_to_seek the reason for my failure.
3．If you want to go by bus, that suits me.
→If you want to go by bus, that is_suitable_for me.
4．He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.
→He waved_to/at_us as the bus drove off.

(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

1．burn_to_the_ground　　　　　　　 全部焚毀
2．make_one's_way 前往；到(某地)
[串記1] 組成；構(gòu)成；編造；彌補(bǔ)
4．close_to 靠近；幾乎
[串記2] 匆匆看一遍
6．be_home_to_... 是……的棲息地；原產(chǎn)地
7．vary_from_...to_... 由……到……不等
8．have_a_gift_for 有……的天賦
9．compared_with 與……相比
10．give_birth_to 生育；產(chǎn)生
[同根短語串記]
串記1.“動(dòng)詞＋up”短語集錦
①make up構(gòu)成；彌補(bǔ)　　　　 ②take up拿起；開始
③dress up穿上盛裝；打扮 ④show up出現(xiàn)；露面
⑤bring up撫養(yǎng)；教育 ⑥break up分裂；打碎
串記2.“v.＋through”相關(guān)短語面面觀
①glance through匆匆看一遍 ②cut through開辟
③break through突破 ④pull through康復(fù)；痊愈
⑤pass through穿過；經(jīng)歷 ⑥look through瀏覽；翻閱

1．feel_alive 感到有活力
2．collect information 收集信息
3．a(chǎn)s bright as day 亮如白晝
4．in its natural state 在原始狀態(tài)
5．a(chǎn)bove_sea level 海拔高度
6．a(chǎn) great diversity of 多種多樣
7．freeze over 全部結(jié)冰；冰封
8．do research 做研究

1．Yet, however_weak_we_are,_we are not completely powerless.
然而，不論我們多么脆弱，我們并不是完全沒有力量。
2．I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。
3．... but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.
……但我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。
4．I think the boy_is_likely_to_achieve success in painting, but he needs training.
我認(rèn)為那個(gè)男孩兒有可能會在繪畫方面取得成功，但是他需要訓(xùn)練。
5._It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion ...
據(jù)說，這個(gè)男孩具有語言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說服力……
[學(xué)考對接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的短語
選詞填空(make up, close to, compared with)
1．(2018·北京高考閱讀C)But compared_with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As a result, people will eat more food to try to make_up for that something missing.
3．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C)Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close_to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.
用本單元短語升級句中加彩的詞匯
4．(2018·天津高考閱讀D)We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. made_their_way
高考采擷(二)　寫作中的句式(補(bǔ)全/翻譯句子)
1．(2014·重慶高考寫作)無論我們距離有多遠(yuǎn)，我們都感覺近在咫尺。(however)
However_far_away_we_are,_we feel close to each other.
2．(2014·天津高考書面表達(dá))如果你來我們學(xué)校，很可能會遇到生活中的一些難題。(be likely to)
If you come to our school, _you_are_likely_to_meet_some_difficult_problems in your life.
3．(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))據(jù)說中國的茶文化要追溯到5 000年前。(It is said that ...)
It_is_said_that_Chinese_tea_culture_dates_back_to_5,000_years_ago._
(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
[短語集釋]
1．make one's way前往；到(某地)
[記牢]
fight one's way　　　　　　　　 奮力前進(jìn)
lose one's way 迷路
feel one's way 摸索前進(jìn)
push one's way 擠出來
wind one's way 蜿蜒前進(jìn)
[練通]　補(bǔ)全句子
①Look! Many children_are_making_their_way to the beach.看！很多孩子正往海灘走去。
②It was so foggy that we had to feel_our_way_home.
霧這么大，我們只好摸索著回家。
③A stream is winding_its_way through the valley into the river.
一條小溪蜿蜒著穿過山谷，流入這條河。
[寫美]　翻譯句子
④他們在森林中迷路了，使情況更糟糕的是夜幕開始降臨。
They_lost_their_way_in_the_forest_and_what_made_matters_worse_was_that_night_began_to_fall.
2．glance through匆匆看一遍
[記牢]
go through　　　　　　　 通過；經(jīng)受；仔細(xì)檢查
get through 通過；做完；接通電話；熬過
look through 快速查看；瀏覽；翻閱
see through 看穿；識破
[練通]　選用上述短語填空
①I have looked_through all my papers but I still can't find my notes.
②The manager was rushing to the airport so he glanced_through the report the secretary had typed.
③They didn't even get_through the first round of the contest.
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
④(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))你最好在上課前做好充分的準(zhǔn)備并簡要了解唐朝的歷史，這會使你容易地通過這節(jié)課。
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes_it_easy_for_you_to_go_through_the_class.
3．vary from ...to ...由……到……不等
[記牢]
(1)vary in ...　　　　　　 在……(大小、形狀等)上不同
vary with/by 隨……變化/改變
(2)various adj. 各種各樣的；多姿多彩的
(3)variety n. 種種；多樣化
a variety of/varieties of 種種；各種各樣的
[練通]
單句語法填空
①I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying (vary) from Chinese stories to English stories.
②In my free time, I'll continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various (vary) ball games.
③As in China, the climate in Canada varies with/by the area.
單句改錯(cuò)
④These bags are made of variety of materials that can be easily treated when they become rubbish.
variety前加a或variety→varieties
[寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))在新體育館里，我們參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)，這給我們帶來很多快樂。
We join_in_a_variety_of/varieties_of/various_activities in our new gymnasium, which brings us lots of pleasure.
[句式集釋]
1．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
[教材原句]　The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
(2)The task completed (complete), we had a global traveling.
(3)Such an able man to_help (help) you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
(4)I heard that he got injured in the accident, my_heart_full_of_worry.
聽說他在這起事故中受了傷，我內(nèi)心充滿了擔(dān)憂。
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的常用形式：
(1)邏輯主語＋現(xiàn)在分詞
(2)邏輯主語＋過去分詞
(3)邏輯主語＋動(dòng)詞不定式
(4)邏輯主語＋形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語
注意事項(xiàng)
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致，它獨(dú)立存在。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。
[背寫作佳句]
(1)The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly.(要點(diǎn)句)
(2)Some falling behind, others would come and offer help.(要點(diǎn)句)
2．“It is said that ...” 句式
[教材原句]　It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month.
→The new mayor is_said_to_come into power next month.
(2)It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide is_said_to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
(3)It is said that the early European playing-cards were designed for entertainment and education.
→The early European playing-cards are_said_to_have_been_designed for entertainment and education.
(4)It_is_hoped_that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
(5)It_is_well-known_that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all.
眾所周知，學(xué)好英語對我們大家都大有益處。
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
(1)句式“It is said that ...＝Sb./Sth. is said to do sth.”，意為“據(jù)說……”。其中，不定式根據(jù)情況可用一般式、進(jìn)行式或完成式。
(2)It is thought that ...　　據(jù)認(rèn)為……
It is believed that ... 人們相信……
It is reported that ... 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is hoped that ... 人們希望……
It is well-known that ... 眾所周知……
注意事項(xiàng)
在該句型中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句。
[背寫作佳句]
(1)It's well-known that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(開頭句)
(2)(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting. (要點(diǎn)句)
(3)(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you. (總結(jié)句)
[詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.選詞填空
glance through， make one's way， be home to， compared with， burn to the ground， make up， have a gift for， close to
1．Compared_with traditional cards, there are many advantages of electronic cards.
2．After admiring the beautiful view, she made_her_way to the next destination.
3．Robert has rich work experience, so it will make_up for his lack of academic knowledge.
4．Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and is_home_to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
5．If the bottle of gas catches fire, the whole building may be burned_to_the_ground.
6．He just glanced_through the headlines because he was too busy to read the whole newspaper.
7．The Greens have an eight-year-old girl who has_a_gift_for painting. They expect her to be an artist in the future.
8．He didn't want to get close_to the tiger because he thought it dangerous.
Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全或翻譯句子/一句多譯
1．工作了兩天，史蒂夫如期完成了報(bào)告。(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)
Having_worked_for_two_days,_Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
2．我們學(xué)校有三個(gè)大的多媒體教室，每一間都配備了最新的電腦。(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
We have three large multi-media classrooms in our school, each equipped with the newest computers.
3．據(jù)認(rèn)為當(dāng)今世界上有三千多種語言。(it作形式主語的主語從句)
It_is_thought_that_there_are_more_than_3,000_languages_in_the_world_today.
4．每個(gè)人都表達(dá)了看法，他們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同。
①Everyone expressed their ideas, and their_opinions_varied_from_person_to_person.(vary)
②Everyone expressed their ideas, and their_opinions_were_various.(various)
Ⅲ.分步寫作
如果說某些自然災(zāi)害無法抗拒，那么有些災(zāi)害卻是人類自己造成的，比如酸雨(acid rain)、沙塵暴(sandstorms)等。請根據(jù)下面的提示寫一篇保護(hù)環(huán)境的短文，呼吁人們愛護(hù)人類的生存環(huán)境，造福后代。
1．原因及后果：人類過度砍伐，亂排亂放污染物；水土流失，沙塵暴，酸雨。
2．措施：……
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點(diǎn)
本文要求寫一篇短文，呼吁人們保護(hù)環(huán)境，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用第一人稱寫作。本寫作有兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)1為簡述人類自己造成的災(zāi)害及其原因和造成的后果(過度砍伐；亂排亂放；水土流失；沙塵暴、酸雨)；要點(diǎn)2為介紹具體的措施。要點(diǎn)2表述比較寬泛，需要細(xì)化處理，可以從常見的具體做法上來進(jìn)行表達(dá)，如植樹、立法、教育等。
要點(diǎn)1－①：人們遭受了許多自然災(zāi)害，但一些災(zāi)難是由人類造成的，如酸雨和沙塵暴。
People_have_suffered_many_natural_disasters,_but_some_disasters_are_caused_by_men,_such_as_acid_rain_and_sandstorms.
要點(diǎn)1－②：人們砍伐了太多的森林，但是沒有重新種植樹木。
People_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.
要點(diǎn)1－③：下雨的時(shí)候，土壤被沖走，大片的土地變成了沙漠。
When_it_rains,_soil_is_washed_away_and_large_areas_of_land_become_desert.
要點(diǎn)1－④：許多工廠直接將未經(jīng)處理的水傾倒入河流中，并將有毒氣體排放到空氣中。
Many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air.
要點(diǎn)2－①：我們應(yīng)該種更多的樹，并且好好照顧它們。(take care of)
We_should_plant_more_trees_and_take_good_care_of_them.
要點(diǎn)2－②：必須制定法律來監(jiān)督或懲罰那些破壞環(huán)境的人。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)，定語從句)
Laws_must_be_made_to_monitor_or_punish_those_who_damage_the_environment.
要點(diǎn)2－③：最重要的是教會人們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo(hù)地球，以便造福子孫后代。(what引導(dǎo)主語從句作主語；so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)
What_is_most_important_is_to_teach_people_how_to_preserve_the_earth,_so_that_it_will_benefit_the_following_generations.
第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼
為了使內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，我們需要對要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適度拓展。要點(diǎn)1－②可以添加時(shí)間狀語(多年來)和目的狀語(為了自己的利益)；要點(diǎn)1－③可以增加后果“當(dāng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)吹起時(shí)，沙塵暴就形成了”；要點(diǎn)1－④可以用非限制性定語從句拓展其后果(導(dǎo)致酸雨)；擬定的要點(diǎn)1與要點(diǎn)2彼此孤立，不銜接，因此在表述要點(diǎn)2前，可用“為了保護(hù)我們的地球，我們應(yīng)該停止這種破壞”來進(jìn)行銜接，使文章過渡自然。
拓展要點(diǎn)1－②：多年來，人們?yōu)榱俗约旱睦婵撤チ颂嗟纳郑菦]有重新種植樹木。(介詞短語作狀語)
For_many_years,_people_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_for_their_own_benefit_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.
補(bǔ)充要點(diǎn)1－③：當(dāng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)吹起時(shí)，沙塵暴就會發(fā)生。(時(shí)間狀語從句)
Sandstorms_occur_when_strong_wind_blows.
拓展要點(diǎn)1－④：許多工廠直接將未經(jīng)處理的水傾倒入河流中，并將有毒氣體排放到空氣中，從而導(dǎo)致酸雨。(非限制性定語從句)
Many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air,_which_causes_acid_rain.
補(bǔ)充銜接句：為了保護(hù)我們的地球，我們應(yīng)該停止這種破壞。(不定式作目的狀語)
To_protect_our_earth,_we_should_stop_such_destruction.
第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡
本文可以分成兩段寫作，每段都采用“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段用“人們遭受了許多自然災(zāi)害，但一些災(zāi)難是由人類造成的，如酸雨和沙塵暴”總起；第二段用“為了保護(hù)我們的地球，我們應(yīng)該停止這種破壞”總起。本文的兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)內(nèi)部也需要進(jìn)行巧妙連接，以免顯得突兀跳躍。第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)內(nèi)部可使用并列連詞so， and， besides進(jìn)行連接。第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)內(nèi)部可以用what's more進(jìn)行有機(jī)地整合。
People_have_suffered_many_natural_disasters,_but_some_disasters_are_caused_by_men,_such_as_acid_rain_and_sandstorms.For_many_years,_people_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_for_their_own_benefit_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.So_when_it_rains,_soil_is_washed_away_and_large_areas_of_land_become_desert.And_sandstorms_occur_when_strong_wind_blows.Besides,_many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air,_which_causes_acid_rain.
To_protect_our_earth,_we_should_stop_such_destruction.We_should_plant_more_trees_and_take_good_care_of_them.What's_more,_laws_must_be_made_to_monitor_or_punish_those_who_damage_the_environment.What_is_most_important_is_to_teach_people_how_to_preserve_the_earth,_so_that_it_will_benefit_the_following_generations.

理清句間結(jié)構(gòu)之(七)　闡釋
表示“闡釋”的句間關(guān)系就是一個(gè)分句說明一種情況，其他分句對這種情況進(jìn)行解釋、說明或總括。一般不常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語。有時(shí)可借助同位語或同位語從句，有時(shí)可借助冒號、括號及破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號來表示這種句間關(guān)系。利用這種闡釋關(guān)系可準(zhǔn)確解答與之相關(guān)的題目。
[高考典例1]　2017·全國卷Ⅱ·B篇
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
Q：Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
[分析]　兩個(gè)破折號中間的內(nèi)容解釋了電影公司起初不愿意給作者角色的原因是想找一個(gè)與Paul一樣著名的人物，故可知作者當(dāng)時(shí)不夠有名。故選C項(xiàng)。
[高考典例2]　2017·天津卷·C篇
[1]This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles (自主駕駛車輛). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.
[2]The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Q：What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A place where cars often break down.
B．A case where passing a law is impossible.
C．An area where no driving is permitted.
D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear.
[分析]　第二段冒號后的句子是對death valley的闡釋，即：半自動(dòng)駕駛與完全無人駕駛的汽車之間的灰色地帶(界線不明、難以界定的領(lǐng)域)，故應(yīng)指駕駛員的角色不明朗的情景，D項(xiàng)描述與之吻合。
[高考典例3]　2017·全國卷Ⅱ·B篇
[3]We shared the belief if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
Q：What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
[分析]　根據(jù)選段首句可知，下文的內(nèi)容是對the belief的解釋，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明the belief的具體內(nèi)容。下文提到了我們并不經(jīng)常見面，但是分享這個(gè)信念把我們帶到了一起。故選A項(xiàng)。


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