Ⅰ.單詞語境記憶
1.be under debate　　在爭論
2.the recycled water 回收利用的水
3.be willing to help others 樂于助人
4.on the decrease 在減少
5.to your own measure 按照你自己的尺寸
6.a range of flowers 大量的鮮花
7.on duty 在值班
8.be particular about food 對(duì)食物挑剔
9.require a certain length of work experience 需要一定的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)
10.raw material 原材料
Ⅱ.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換與派生記憶
1.consultant n.顧問→consult vt.& vi.查閱；請(qǐng)教；商議
2.production n.產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)→produce vt.& vi.生產(chǎn)，制造→product n.產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物
3.responsibility n.責(zé)任，職責(zé)→responsible adj.應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的
4.belief n.看法；信念→believe vt.相信
5.environmental adj.環(huán)境的→environment n.環(huán)境
6.operate vt.& vi.經(jīng)營；動(dòng)手術(shù)→operation n.操作；經(jīng)營；手術(shù)→operator n.操作員；話務(wù)員
7.arrival n.到來，抵達(dá)；到達(dá)者→arrive vi.到達(dá)
8.impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n.印象→impressive adj.給人印象深刻的
9.illegal adj.非法的→legal adj.合法的→illegally adv.非法地
10.appreciate vt.欣賞，贊賞；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)→appreciation n.欣賞
11.electrical adj.電的，用電的→electric adj.電的；用電的；能發(fā)電的→electricity n.電；電學(xué)；電流→electrician n.電工
12.consume vt.消耗，耗費(fèi)；消費(fèi)→consumer n.消費(fèi)者，用戶，顧客→consumption n.消費(fèi)
13.absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神貫注→absorbed adj.全神貫注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n.專注；吸收
『聯(lián)想記憶』
1.前綴“re-”動(dòng)詞集錦
①recycle　　　　　　　回收利用
②retell 復(fù)述
③recall 回憶起
④refresh 使恢復(fù)活力
⑤review 回顧；復(fù)習(xí)
⑥r(nóng)ebuild 重建
2.可怕的“自然災(zāi)害”名詞一覽
①flood 洪水
②typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng)
③tsunami 海嘯
④tornado 龍卷風(fēng)
⑤sandstorm 沙塵暴
⑥earthquake 地震
⑦eruption (火山)噴發(fā)
⑧hurricane 颶風(fēng)
3.速記“環(huán)境”相關(guān)詞
①environment n. 環(huán)境
②environmental adj. 環(huán)境的
③pollution n. 污染
④waste n. 廢料，垃圾
⑤atmosphere n. 大氣層
⑥natural adj. 自然的
⑦h(yuǎn)aze n. 霧霾
⑧fog n. 霧
4.動(dòng)詞變名詞的“不規(guī)則變化”
①consume→consumption消費(fèi)
②receive→reception接待
③describe→description描述
④explain→explanation 解釋
⑤pronounce→pronunciation發(fā)音
⑥r(nóng)epeat→repetition重復(fù)

1.After the flood was over，people flooded into the city.洪水過后，人們涌入城市。
2.It’s a custom to pay for tax in the customs.在海關(guān)交稅是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)。
3.We should pay attention to quality rather than quantity.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注質(zhì)量而非數(shù)量。

1.open the floor　自由發(fā)言
2.cut back on 減少，削減，縮減
3.use up 用盡
4.run out (of) 用完，耗盡
5.clean up 打掃(或清除)干凈
6.queue up 排隊(duì)等候
7.pick out 找出，挑選
8.under way 進(jìn)行中
9.in/with regard to 關(guān)于，至于
10.let off 排放
11.in particular 尤其，特別
12.do one’s part 盡自己的職責(zé)
13.rely on...for... 依賴……提供……
14.ask around 四處打聽
15.blame...on... 把……歸咎于……
16.put...in danger 把……置于危險(xiǎn)之地
『詞塊記憶』
1.a business development consultant企業(yè)發(fā)展顧問
2.hide from their responsibilities逃避責(zé)任
3.present their views陳述他們的觀點(diǎn)
4.make a final decision做最終決定
5.chemical waste化學(xué)廢物
6.water pollution水污染
7.keep the Earth clean and healthy保持地球清潔、健康
8.environmental protection環(huán)境保護(hù)
9.solar energy太陽能
10.eco-friendly washing powder環(huán)保型洗衣粉
11.upon the arrival of spring春天一到
12.economic development經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.
和我一起的，一位是來自綠色地球協(xié)會(huì)的林水清女士，另一位是商業(yè)發(fā)展顧問錢力偉先生。
2.The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
世界人口比1800年已經(jīng)增長了六倍。
3.I liked it when you told that joke.我喜歡你講的那個(gè)笑話。
4.Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我們消耗的汽油和電越多，排放的碳就越多。
5.On taking off his jacket，they found a tortoise.一脫下他的夾克上衣，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只陸龜。
6.There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.
毫無疑問，在最近幾年里，世界氣候一直在變化。

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.“If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief (信念).(2018·江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀)
2.Large quantities (數(shù)量) of waste water were poured into rivers without being cleaned in the past.
3.It is known that the British are rather particular (講究的) about table manners.
4.If we recycled (回收利用) more waste，there wouldn’t be so much pollution.
5.His arrival (到來) brought complete silence to the classroom.
6.Most people have come to accept the need for conservation (保護(hù)) of natural resources.
7.It is believed that social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts (沖突).
8.Every city in China is doing its best to take measures (措施) to fight against pollution.
9.Non-renewable energy has been decreasing (減少)，so saving energy is so urgent and important.
10.Many companies have to reduce their production(產(chǎn)量) because of the economy crisis.
Ⅱ.詞性變化練習(xí)
1.I want to express my appreciation (appreciate)to all of my friends for their support.
2.Class means a person’s economic (economy) position in society.
3.A citizen should be filled with a sense of responsibility (responsible)for the nation.
4.You don’t have to sacrifice environmental (environment)protection to promote economic growth.
5.The visitors were impressed with the beauty of the West Lake.They said the natural beauty left a deep impression on them.(impress)
6.We didn’t know how to operate the machine，so we asked the operator to stop it when it was in operation.(operate)
7.Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they’ve already been consumed.This is called rational (合理的) consumption.(consume)
8.Absorbed in his writing，the writer always forgets to eat and drink.His absorption in work is admirable.(absorb)
Ⅲ.選詞填空
open the floor，queue up，pick out，do one’s part，under way，run out of，cut back on，clear up
1.Every day we can queue__up at the bus stop to go to work to put the low-carbon lifestyle into practice.
2.It’s reported that investigation into the cause of the accident is under__way.
3.Written in haste，the words in the paper were hard to pick__out.
4.So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run__out__of time before seeing them all.
5.This concludes our presentation.I would now like to open__the__floor to questions.
6.We should all，therefore，do__our__part to stop polluting the air and help save the world.
7.I’ll send a housemaid to your room and have it cleaned__up for you at once.
8.To make both ends meet，the couple had no choice but to cut__back__on some unnecessary spending.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.On__seeing__the__snake，the girl was very frightened.
一看到那條蛇，小女孩就十分害怕。
2.There__is__no__doubt__that smoking can seriously damage our health.
毫無疑問，吸煙會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害我們的健康。
3.I don’t__like__it__when you don’t say what you mean.
我不喜歡你口是心非。
4.The new building now is four__times__what__it__was__in__the__past.
現(xiàn)在的這座新大樓是過去的四倍大。
5.In__front__of__our__house__stands__a__tall__tree with a history of 1，000 years，which is protected by the government now.
在我們房子的前面有一棵1 000年樹齡的大樹，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被政府保護(hù)起來了。

核心要點(diǎn)突破
1.operate vt.經(jīng)營，管理；操作 vi.動(dòng)手術(shù)；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；見效，起作用
(1)operate on＝give/perform an operation on
　　　　　　　　　　　給……動(dòng)手術(shù)
(2)operation n. 運(yùn)作；經(jīng)營；手術(shù)
bring/put...into operation 使……運(yùn)作/轉(zhuǎn)；實(shí)施
come/go into operation 實(shí)施，開始生效
in operation 在運(yùn)行/轉(zhuǎn)中，起作用
(3)operator n. 操作人員；技工
單句語法填空
①Having seen the X-ray，the doctor decided to operate on the patient.
②It’s announced that the new regulations will come into operation next Sunday.
[佳句背誦] This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(遼寧高考單選)
這臺(tái)機(jī)器很容易操作。任何人幾分鐘就學(xué)會(huì)。
2.quantity n.數(shù)量
a large/small quantity of　　　　　　　大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity＝in large amounts＝in large quantities
大量地
單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.
②A large quantity of good earth is__washed (wash) away in this area every year.
→Large quantities of good earth are__washed (wash) away in this area every year.
[佳句背誦] A large quantity of people tend to consult consumption ratings whatever they purchase.(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))
無論買什么，很多人傾向于參考消費(fèi)排名。
[名師指津] 含quantity的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。
3.impress vt.使印象深刻；蓋??；使銘記，使牢記
(1)impress sb with sth　　某事給某人留下印象
impress sth on/upon sb/one’s memory
使某人銘記某事
be impressed with/at/by... 對(duì)……有深刻印象
(2)impression n. 印象；印記
leave/make a(n)...impression on sb
給某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 給人深刻印象的；感人的
單句語法填空
①Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
②The professor impressed the importance of having a sense of humor on his students.
③It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.
[佳句背誦] Last week，a group of international students who visited our school，were impressed with our tea-drinking culture.(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))
上周，一伙國際學(xué)生參觀了我們學(xué)校，對(duì)我們的喝茶文化有深刻印象。
4.decrease vt.& vi.& n.減少
(1)decrease to　　　　減少到
decrease by 減少了
(2)on the decrease 在減少
(a) decrease in sth 某物減少
單句語法填空
①The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
②It’s reported that the number of violent crimes is on the decrease.
[佳句背誦] This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)
這種轉(zhuǎn)變降低了該國主要湖泊和水庫的污染。
[名師指津] decrease to 后接數(shù)字，表示“下降到……”；decrease by 后接分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或其他表示數(shù)量的詞，表示“下降了……”，有同樣用法的詞還有g(shù)row及increase。
5.measure n.措施，方法；尺度 vt.測量；估量，判定linking verb(指尺寸、長、寬、高等)量度為
take measures (to do sth)　　采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸做……
單句語法填空
①He was so fat that all his clothes had to be made __to his measure.
②The new bridge，measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one，is due to be completed next month.
[佳句背誦] The number of them is less than 1，000，so I hope you can take some effective measures to protect them.(重慶高考寫作)
它們的數(shù)量少于1 000，因此我希望你們能采取有效措施保護(hù)他們。
[名師指津] measure作名詞表示“措施”時(shí)，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。作動(dòng)詞表示“有……長/寬/高”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)，若此意義的短語作后置定語，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
6.range n.(變動(dòng))范圍，幅度；一系列；分類；射程；山脈 vt.& vi.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括；排列，排序
(1)in/within range of　　 在……范圍內(nèi)
beyond/out of range (of) 超出/不在(……的)范圍
a wide range of 許多
(2)range from...to... 從……到……變化/不等
range between...and... 在……之間變動(dòng)
單句語法填空
①The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
②When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.
[佳句背誦] After class students take part in a wide range of activities in the stadium.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))
課后同學(xué)們在體育館參加許多活動(dòng)。
7.appreciate vt.欣賞，贊賞；感謝；領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解
(1)I will/would appreciate it if...
　　　　　　　　　如果……，我將非常感激
appreciate (one’s/sb) doing sth
感激(某人)做某事
(2)appreciation n. 欣賞；感謝
express/convey/show...appreciation to sb
對(duì)某人表達(dá)……的感謝
單句語法填空
①I’d appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.
②Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) for helping me find the lost suitcase.
[佳句背誦] I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance to work as a volunteer.(2018·浙江高考書面表達(dá))
如果你能給我機(jī)會(huì)當(dāng)志愿者，我將感激不盡。
8.particular adj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的
(1)be particular about　　對(duì)……講究/挑剔
in particular 尤其，特別
(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特別
單句語法填空
①The boy likes anything to do with nature in particular.
②We are particularly (particular) grateful to him for his timely help.
[佳句背誦] She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular about her job.(江西高考單選)
她已經(jīng)盡力了，請(qǐng)不要對(duì)她的工作太挑剔。
9.absorb vt.吸收(氣體、液體、熱、光等)；理解；使全神貫注
(1)absorb knowledge/information
　　　　　　　　　　　掌握知識(shí)/信息
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb...into... 把……吸入……
(2)absorbed adj. 被吸引住的，入迷的
get/be absorbed in... 全神貫注于……
be absorbed into... 并入，融入，吸納
單句語法填空/一句多譯
①It takes a few minutes to absorb alcohol into the bloodstream.
②一縷微弱的光線從墻上的小孔中透過來，他專心致志于讀書中。(福建高考書面表達(dá))
→A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he absorbed__himself__in__his__reading.
→A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was__absorbed__in__his__reading.
[佳句背誦] Absorbed in practising English，I have developed fluency in spoken English.(2018·浙江高考書面表達(dá))
我專心于練習(xí)英語，我的英語口語非常流利。
10.responsibility n.責(zé)任，職責(zé)
(1)have the responsibility to do...
　　　　　　有責(zé)任/有義務(wù)做……
bear/take the responsibility for
承擔(dān)對(duì)……的責(zé)任，為……負(fù)責(zé)
a sense of responsibility
責(zé)任感
(2)responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的
be responsible for 應(yīng)對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；對(duì)……有責(zé)任
單句語法填空
①The government plans to make new laws forcing parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
②Last but not least，it’s everyone’s responsibility to__make (make) good use of water.
[佳句背誦] He is responsible for his work and glad to help students any time.
他對(duì)他的工作很負(fù)責(zé)并且樂意隨時(shí)幫助學(xué)生們。
11.cut back on 減少，削減，縮減
cut down on　　　削減，減少，縮減
cut off 切斷(供應(yīng))；中斷(電話通話等)
cut down 砍倒
cut out 刪除；裁剪
cut up 切碎；傷心
cut in 插嘴；干預(yù)
完成句子
①It is our duty to try to cut__back__on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
盡量削減生產(chǎn)，減少制造和購買物品的數(shù)量是我們的責(zé)任。
②We were__cut__off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power.
我們在電話里談到一半，電話就斷了，因?yàn)槲业氖謾C(jī)沒電了。
③It is bad manners for you to always cut__in when other people are talking.
別人談話時(shí)你老是插嘴是不禮貌的。
[佳句背誦] Immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees to better the environment.(江蘇高考書面表達(dá))
應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上采取措施，像停止砍伐樹木來使環(huán)境變得更好。
12.run out (of)用完，耗盡
run short of　　缺乏；快用完
run into 撞進(jìn)；遭遇；達(dá)到
run across 偶然遇到；穿過
run after 追求；追趕；追逐
完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①I unexpectedly ran__across him in the street the other day.前幾天我在街上出乎意料地遇見了他。
②The boy’s money ran out so he had to ask his parents for help.
→The boy ran__out__of his money so he had to ask his parents for help.
[佳句背誦] Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.(重慶高考單選)
洪水災(zāi)區(qū)食物供應(yīng)快用完了。我們必須在沒有剩余之前立即行動(dòng)。
[名師指津] 辨析run out，run out of，give out，use up
run out
用完，耗盡，不及物動(dòng)詞短語，其主語通常為時(shí)間、食物、金錢等
run out of
用完，及物動(dòng)詞短語，其主語一般為人
give out
耗盡，用完，不及物動(dòng)詞短語，其主語通常為物
use up
用光，用完，及物動(dòng)詞短語，其主語一般為人
選用上述詞語填空
③According to the rule of the competition，we have to use__up/run__out__of all the items before the time runs__out.However，it is a long and tiring process.As a result，that day，long before I ran__out__of/used__up the time given by the judge，my strength had given__out.What a disappointment!
13.pick out 找出，挑選；辨認(rèn)出，區(qū)分；領(lǐng)會(huì)，弄明白
[一詞多義] 寫出下列句中pick out的含義
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑選
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn’t pick him out.辨認(rèn)出
③Having read the passage many times，I finally picked out its main idea.領(lǐng)會(huì)
pick up　　拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；用車接；收聽到；好轉(zhuǎn)；感染
pick off 摘掉；摘下來
完成句子
④It is surprising that your brother picked__up Russian so quickly—he hasn’t lived there very long.
令人驚奇的是，你弟弟如此快就學(xué)會(huì)說俄語了——他在那兒生活的時(shí)間并不長。
14.I liked it when...
I liked it when you told that joke.(教材原句)
我喜歡你講的那個(gè)笑話。
句中l(wèi)ike是及物動(dòng)詞，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語為when引導(dǎo)的從句。
(1)英語中在表示喜愛、憎惡之類的動(dòng)詞后面常常不直接加賓語從句，而要用形式賓語it，然后再加賓語從句，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等
(2)一些動(dòng)詞短語后面也常用it作形式賓語然后加賓語從句，常見的動(dòng)詞短語有：depend on，rely on，see to (確保)等
①Teenagers hate it when their parents go through their things.
青少年討厭家長翻他們的東西。
②People dislike it when you throw rubbish everywhere.
人們不喜歡你到處扔垃圾。
③Please see to it that you bring enough money when you travel.
當(dāng)你旅行時(shí)，請(qǐng)務(wù)必帶夠錢。
15.the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...
Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.(教材原句)
因此，我們消耗的汽油和電越多，排放的碳就越多。
句中運(yùn)用了“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”結(jié)構(gòu)。用法如下：
(1)意為“越……，就越……”，主、從句的兩個(gè)謂語是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，表示一方隨另一方程度的變化而變化
(2)從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，第一個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)”是表示條件的狀語從句(在表示將來意義時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來)；第二個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)”是主句
(3)本結(jié)構(gòu)可以用省略形式
①The more you practise，the better you will speak English.
你英語練得越多，就會(huì)說得越好。
②The__less the teacher does，the__more the students do and the__more they will learn.
老師做得越少，學(xué)生做得越多，他們學(xué)到的就越多。
③The more__difficult (difficult) the questions are，the less__likely(likely) he is able to answer them.
問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。
考綱詞匯專練
Ⅰ.多義詞專練——選擇語境中詞匯的含義
1.operate
A.操作　B.見效，起作用　C.動(dòng)手術(shù)　D.經(jīng)營　E.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
①The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.(2018·北京高考閱讀D)A
②They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.D
③The old woman has to be operated on her leg at once.C
④The machine operates quite efficiently.E
⑤The medicine will operate in ten minutes.B
2.flood
A.n.洪水，水災(zāi)　B.n.大批，大量　C.vi.泛濫　D.vt.(被)淹沒　E.vt.大量涌入　F.vi.涌上心頭
①Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀D)F
②Floods in Zhejiang this year caused a lot of deaths.A
③Three days of heavy rain flooded many Eastern cities.D
④If a river floods，it is too full and spreads water over the land around it.C
⑤Floods of people come to the West Lake to admire the beautiful scenery every year.B
⑥Letters came flooding in from the viewers.E
Ⅱ.微閱讀——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1.During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ完形)學(xué)分
2.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.(2018·天津高考閱讀A)違法的
3.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park.
(2017·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀C)消耗
Ⅲ.微完形——根據(jù)語境選出正確選項(xiàng)
1.There existed an obvious __①__ between the accounts of the witness，so a judgement was not announced in court.The judges’ smart action left a deep __②__ on the the people present.
①A.association B.authority
C.conflict D.restriction
②A.expression B.impression
C.contribution D.description
答案?、貱?、贐
2.So it’s our duty to try to cut back on production.We should try to find ways of __①__ our waste.Sometimes human beings are so __②__ that they are not satisfied with what they have，and we should take responsibilities to protect our environment.
①A.consuming B.recycling
C.absorbing D.pumping
②A.greedy B.raw
C.economic D.illegal
答案?、貰?、贏

Ⅰ.在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式——熱考?？?br /> 1.On arrival (arrive) at the hotel，please call me as soon as possible.
2.This hall to be built is four times what it was two years ago.
3.Impressed (impress) by the young man’s honest speech，they offered him a good post.
4.Electronic cards are environmentally (environment) friendly，so why not use them?
5.I hold the opinion that the passengers ought to queue up for the bus rather than rush to it in a crowd.
6.I would like to express my appreciation (appreciate) and thanks to you all.
7.China’s first aircraft carrier，measuring (measure) about 304 metres，was handed over to the PLA navy in 2012.
8.Deserts also created because people cut down trees and dug up grass.
9.I hate it when you don’t say what you are thinking.
10.As a result of destroying the forests，large quantities of desert have__covered (cover) the land so far.
Ⅱ.用所給詞的正確形式填空——不規(guī)則變化
1.When driven (drive) out of home by his stepmother，he decided not to be back forever.
2.The last few years have__seen (see)environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.
3.His house caught (catch) fire yesterday，because he went (go) out but left (leave) the stove burning in the kitchen.
4.When they heard (hear)this，the whole class burst (burst)into laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red.
5.The first time we __lost (lose) the match，we all felt (feel)very depressed，because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一錯(cuò)誤——易錯(cuò)易混
1.Absorbing in her work，she didn’t realize it was time for her to pick up her daughter.Absorbing→Absorbed
2.The bridge measured as long as 200 meters needs repairing.measured→measuring
3.It’s important for him to have a operation as soon as possible.a→an
4.A large quantity of air-conditioners have been sold since the temperature is high.have→has
5.They had to return from the hiking in the desert，for their food almost ran out of.去掉of
6.Their account of the event was in the conflict with ours.去掉第二個(gè)the
Ⅳ.根據(jù)語境判斷加黑詞的正確含義——熟詞生義
A.兼并　　B.估量　　C.做手術(shù)　　D.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
1.It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.B
2.It’s said that the company absorbed some small ones abroad.A
3.People were trapped between floors because the lift didn’t operate properly.D


Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
A new study has identified pollution as the world’s No.1 killer.Study organizers say pollution is responsible for more premature deaths than war，terrorism，natural disasters，smoking and disease.By saying premature death，the researchers mean dying before the average age of death within a population group.Many of these deaths can be prevented.
A report on the study was published in the medical journal The Lancet.The researchers looked at pollution levels，both inside enclosed(封閉的) buildings and in the world around us.They concluded that pollution killed about 9 million people in 2015.That would represent one of every six deaths worldwide.
Karti Sandilya helped to prepare the report.He said，“Pollution damages fundamental human rights，such as the right to life，health，well-being，safe work as well as the protection of children and the most vulnerable (易受傷害的).”
The report said the large majority of pollution-related deaths take place in developing countries.The researchers say leaders in those countries are more concerned about building their economies and public services than environmental controls.Some of the most affected countries are Bangladesh，China，Haiti，India，Pakistan，North Korea and South Sudan.
But Richard Fuller，another writer of the report，said pollution is tied to slow economic development in both rich and poor nations.He said，“Finance ministers still hold firmly that you have to let industry pollute or else you won’t develop.What people don’t realize is that people who are sick or dead cannot contribute to the economy.They need to be looked after.”
The report said that 9 million premature deaths a year is only a conservative figure.It said the actual number is likely to be much higher.
A separate study by the World Bank said reducing pollution must be a top goal.It said that settling this problem would lead to approaches to other dangers，including poor nutrition(營養(yǎng)) and rising temperatures on Earth’s surface.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，污染是當(dāng)今世界的第一大殺手，減少污染必須成為人類的首要目標(biāo)。
1.Which is mainly to blame for pollution according to the report?
A.Poor countries. B.Rich countries.
C.Common people. D.The government.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四、五段內(nèi)容可知，污染無論在貧窮國家還是富有國家都是存在的，而在國家層面上，為污染負(fù)主要責(zé)任的是政府。]
2.What does this research find?
A.Pollution is serious in both rich and poor countries.
B.Premature deaths cannot be prevented worldwide.
C.Pollution has something to do with slow development.
D.Pollution has caused more premature deaths than expected.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第四、五兩段特別是第五段第一句“But Richard Fuller，another writer of the report，said pollution is tied to slow economic development in both rich and poor nations”可知，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。]
3.Why is “a separate study” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To provide more information about pollution.
B.To make the findings of the first study more convincing.
C.To offer more specific approaches to dealing with pollution.
D.To emphasize the relationship between pollution and global warming.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要說明了污染是當(dāng)今世界的第一大殺手這一事實(shí)以及存在的錯(cuò)誤觀念，而文中最后一段中的“A separate study by the World Bank said reducing pollution must be a top goal”也正暗示了這一事實(shí)的嚴(yán)重性和解決此問題的緊迫性，所以可推斷出“A separate study”在這里的作用是使上文提到的研究更加具有說服力。]
4.Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?
A.Pollution Is the World’s Number One Killer
B.Pollution Is Becoming Increasingly Serious
C.What Makes Pollution Increasingly Serious
D.How People Deal with Pollution Worldwide
答案　A　[標(biāo)題判斷題。文章開頭的第一句“A new study has identified pollution as the world’s No.1 killer”指出污染是當(dāng)今世界的第一大殺手，接下來談到的與污染相關(guān)的其他方面也都是圍繞污染對(duì)人類生命造成威脅這一主題展開的。故答案為A。]
B

In the spring of 2010，on the radio show “The Story”，I heard the tale of a British couple who lived trash-free.I walked home from my lab at the University of Michigan and thought I could do better—I’d live trash-and recycling-free.And just like that，I began an experiment in individual activism in the face of large environmental problems.
To make it work，I had to get creative.When a restaurant furnished a napkin-wrapped(用餐巾紙包住的)fork and knife，I asked the server to exchange them.I’d remember to say“No straw！”after asking for water.I carried a fork，a spoon，a plate and a bowl everywhere I went，just in case a student even served food but provided only plastic to eat with.
In many ways，though，my life didn’t change much.I had grown up in a poor neighborhood in India，where I was accustomed to consuming as little as possible.If I thought I really needed something，I’d wait a week before buying it.It turns out I never bought those things，which means I never needed them.Compared with the way so many others live，it wasn’t much of a hardship.
The hardest part was figuring out the best way to talk about what I was doing.It was much harder to ex-plain all that than it would have been simply to announce myself as a vegetarian，for instance.Sometimes I failed，and a few skeptics wrote me off as a tree-hugger.But I think such remarks are an easy way to deflect(轉(zhuǎn)移) tough questions about how to live more gently on Earth.More often，though，people gave me their support.The experiment inspired others to undertake similar experiments on their own for a week or a month.A couple of friends are now doing it for a year.
In focusing on my choices through trash，I learned to be more present in my choices，and I learned what is important to me，regardless of what others think.And amazingly，my quality of life improved.What began as a one-year experiment ultimately lasted two and a half years.I still have with me the single bag used for all 30 months’ worth of trash and recycling.
【語篇解讀】　本文是議論文。作者受一對(duì)英國夫婦的影響開始試驗(yàn)過無垃圾的生活，并從中受益匪淺。
5.What caused the author to carry out his experiment?
A.His job type.
B.A programme.
C.His poor neighborhood.
D.A talk with a British couple.
答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的on the radio show“The Story，”I heard the tale of a British couple who lived trash-free和thought I could do better—I’d live trash-and recycling-free可知，是一檔電臺(tái)節(jié)目讓作者開始了自己的試驗(yàn)。]
6.What did the author say about his experiment?
A.It was simple and interesting.
B.It completely changed his life.
C.It benefited from his past habits.
D.It caused great hardship for him.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的I had grown up...as little as possible可知，作者在過去就已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了勤儉節(jié)約的好習(xí)慣，這在一定程度上利于試驗(yàn)的開展。]
7.How did the author look at the critics?
A.They cared more about ideas than actions.
B.They put unnecessary tough questions to him.
C.They knew little about preserving the environment.
D.They were avoiding responsibility for the environment.
答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的But I think...more gently on Earth可知，作者認(rèn)為這些懷疑他的人之所以認(rèn)為他所做的并不重要是為了轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)于環(huán)境問題的思考，實(shí)際上就是不想承擔(dān)保護(hù)環(huán)境的重任。]
8.What did the author learn from his experiment?
A.Respect others’ opinions.
B.Improve the quality of life.
C.Value the important things in life.
D.Make choices based on real needs.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段中的I learned to be...is important to me再結(jié)合第三段中的if I thought I...never needed them可知，作者在為期兩年半的試驗(yàn)中學(xué)到要根據(jù)實(shí)際需要來做決定。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
As a child，I started learning to play the piano，my favorite musical __1__，but I was forced to give up when I started my middle school __2__ I could concentrate more on my studies.
It’s one of my biggest __3__ to stop practicing the piano when I recall sadly today.During the following years，I kept telling my piano teacher that I would __4__.However，I didn’t keep my promise because I was __5__ with my study.__6__ I lost touch with my teacher.Some years later，my teacher died.I was very sad because I lost such a good teacher.She was a very warm and gentle person.It hurts me to think she may have been __7__ that I never returned.I haven’t taken lessons since then but to be honest，I __8__ to.Sitting at the piano，I couldn’t help recalling many __9__—times of my practising at home and playing before my teacher and one time my teacher __10__ me after I played entire pieces of music wrong in front of her colleagues.I was so __11__ that I could hardly say anything.But her __12__ helped me ease my shame.These memories，__13__，good or bad，never caused my __14__ for playing the piano again.
This thought then led me to think that __15__ is like music，and that we all try to play different __16__ in the instrument of our life.Sometimes the pitch (音高) is __17__ when we play it well，but sometimes we are out of tone.However，we all continue to create our own __18__ style of music.No matter what style our music is，it is __19__ that we sing the songs of joy，quietness and love.Though I may never make it back to piano lessons，it doesn’t __20__ that I’ve stopped making music.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章借作者學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：人生就像音樂，無論我們的音樂風(fēng)格是干什么，唱出自己的歌是最重要的，并且要唱出自己的那份快樂，平靜和熱愛。
1.A.instrument B.performance
C.room D.stage
答案　A　[根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，前面的“piano”是一種樂器，因此這里是說鋼琴是作者最喜歡的樂器。instrument“樂器；儀器”符合語境。]
2.A.in that B.so that
C.now that D.except that
答案　B　[“我能專心學(xué)習(xí)”是補(bǔ)充說明“我被迫放棄學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴”的結(jié)果，so that“以至于，以便”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，故選B。in that“因?yàn)椤?；now that“既然”；except that“除了”均不符合語境。]
3.A.successes B.regrets
C.decisions D.hobbies
答案　B　[根據(jù)下文中的“recall sadly”可知，作者非常遺憾自己放棄了練鋼琴。regret“后悔，遺憾”，故選B。]
4.A.play B.graduate
C.leave D.return
答案　D　[根據(jù)下文7空后的“that I never returned”提示可知，作者告訴鋼琴老師自己會(huì)重新回來練琴的。故選D。]
5.A.occupied B.angry
C.satisfied D.patient
答案　A　[根據(jù)空前的“I didn’t keep my promise”可知，作者一直忙于學(xué)習(xí)，沒有履行自己的承諾。be occupied with“忙于某事”；be angry with“對(duì)……生氣”；be patient with“對(duì)……耐心”；be satisfied with“對(duì)……滿意”。故選A。]
6.A.Actually B.Constantly
C.Suddenly D.Gradually
答案　D　[根據(jù)上文可知，作者告訴鋼琴老師自己會(huì)重新回來練琴，但是一直忙于學(xué)習(xí)，沒有履行自己的承諾，因此此處是指作者逐漸和鋼琴老師失去聯(lián)系。actually“事實(shí)上”；constantly“不斷地”；suddenly“突然地”；gradually“逐漸地”。故選D。]
7.A.astonished B.glad
C.disappointed D.amazed
答案　C　[作者向老師承諾回去練琴，但是卻沒有回去，因此老師對(duì)于自己沒有回去練鋼琴可能很失望。disappointed“失望的”符合語境。]
8.A.liked B.needed
C.wanted D.decided
答案　C　[根據(jù)下文作者回憶向老師學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴的時(shí)光可以看出作者從那以后再也沒有上過鋼琴課，但是他很想去。故選C。]
9.A.dreams B.expressions
C.words D.memories
答案　D　[根據(jù)語境及下文13空前的“These memories”提示可知，作者在回憶以前練鋼琴的時(shí)光。故選D。]
10.A.instructed B.hurt
C.punished D.respected
答案　A　[根據(jù)下文可知，作者在老師的同事面前把曲子彈錯(cuò)了。由此可推出老師是在指導(dǎo)作者練習(xí)。instruct“教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)”符合語境。]
11.A.frightened B.moved
C.embarrassed D.excited
答案　C　[根據(jù)語境可知，作者在老師的同事面前彈錯(cuò)了琴，因此應(yīng)是感到很尷尬。embarrassed“尷尬的”符合語境。]
12.A.happiness B.satisfaction
C.comfort D.sigh
答案　C　[根據(jù)空后的“helped me ease my shame”可知，老師安慰了作者。comfort“安慰”符合語境。]
13.A.instead B.meanwhile
C.therefore D.however
答案　D　[上文提到了作者回憶，有美好的，也有尷尬的，因此這里進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折。句意：然而，這些回憶，無論是好的還是壞的，并沒有使我獲得重新彈鋼琴的勇氣。故選D。]
14.A.hope B.courage
C.feeling D.effort
答案　B　[這些美好回憶，無論是好的還是壞的，并沒有使我獲得重新彈鋼琴的勇氣(courage)。]
15.A.life B.learning
C.attitude D.enjoyment
答案　A　[根據(jù)下文中“the instrument of our life”提示可知，這里作者是將生活比喻為音樂。故選A。]
16.A.cards B.sports
C.roles D.games
答案　C　[根據(jù)下文“the pitch”提示可知，作者認(rèn)為我們都在生活這個(gè)樂器上扮演著不同的音色。play a role in “扮演……角色，起……作用”，為固定短語。故選C。]
17.A.hard B.wonderful
C.surprising D.complex
答案　B　[根據(jù)“well”提示可知，當(dāng)我們彈得好時(shí)，音高是非常美妙的。wonderful“美妙的，精彩的”，符合語境。]
18.A.unique B.boring
C.common D.similar
答案　A　[根據(jù)前文“create our own”可知，我們每個(gè)人都在努力彈奏自己獨(dú)特的生命之歌。unique“獨(dú)特的”符合語境。]
19.A.necessary B.strange
C.possible D.important
答案　D　[作者認(rèn)為不管什么風(fēng)格的音樂，重要的是我們唱出自己的那份快樂、那份平靜與那份對(duì)生活的熱愛。important“重要的”符合語境。]
20.A.matter B.mean
C.report D.appear
答案　B　[作者認(rèn)為雖然自己沒有能夠重新彈鋼琴，但是并不意味著作者停止創(chuàng)造自己的生命之歌。mean“意味著”符合語境。]

Ⅰ.語法填空
In my early twenties，I worked in Kuwait (科威特) for several years.One day，a local workmate warned us of a 1.________ (come)sandstorm.I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like 2.________ I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself.I received an 3.________ (amaze)look because he thought I was crazy.A Chinese workmate joined me.We stepped off our factory building 4.________ our eyes half closed，our mouths closed and our faces covered.We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even 5.________ (far).
Passing through several streets，we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later，I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes 6.________ (wide) open.It was time for dinner and 7.________ was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.So we went inside a small shop，8.________ I could clearly see sand on the floor and bought some food.I was happy that 9.________ sandstorm stopped afterwards and we finally returned to our factory，safe.This was the first time I 10.________ (experience)sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者和一位中國同事不顧其他同事的勸告走出工廠去體驗(yàn)沙塵暴的經(jīng)歷。
1.coming　[空處修飾名詞sandstorm，故用形容詞形式，此處表示“即將到來的沙塵暴”。coming為形容詞，意為“即將來臨的”。]
2.so/and　[句意：我從來沒有看過沙塵暴是什么樣子，(所以)我告訴他我要出去親自看看。根據(jù)空處語境可知，空處前后句間為并列關(guān)系或因果關(guān)系。]
3.amazed　[空處修飾名詞“l(fā)ook”，形容人的表情，故用amazed。]
4.with　[根據(jù)空后的“our eyes half closed，our mouths closed and our faces covered”可知，該句使用了with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with sth done”。]
5.farther　[根據(jù)該句中的“even”可知，此處表示“我們決定走得更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)”，故用far的比較級(jí)。]
6.wide　[空處修飾形容詞open，故用副詞形式；wide表示具體的含義“寬闊地”，還可指“(門、眼睛等)大開地，睜大地?！弊⒁猓捍颂幉荒芴顆idely，widely主要表示抽象含義“廣泛地”。]
7.it　[句中that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語，空處是形式主語，故用it。]
8.where　[該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為shop，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。]
9.the　[該處特指上文提及的sandstorm，故用定冠詞the。]
10.had experienced　[根據(jù)“This was the first time”可知，從句用過去完成時(shí)。]
Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)
Two weeks before，my family hosted an exchange student calling Jack and we tasted Beijing Roast Duck in Quanjude.When we arrived at the gate，Jack paid much attentions to its architecture.Meanwhile，I introduced to her the long history of Beijing Roast Duck，what made Jack more eager to have a try.After entering into the dining hall，we immediately ordered an all-duck banquet.With just one bite，Jack fell in love and shared with us taste of its delicious meat.We are glad that he loved it and talked happy over the whole dinner.This meal left Jack a deep impression but inspired his love for Chinese food.
答案　
Two weeks ，my family hosted an exchange student Jack and we tasted Beijing Roast Duck in Quanjude.When we arrived at the gate，Jack paid much to its architecture.Meanwhile，I introduced to the long history of Beijing Roast Duck， made Jack more eager to have a try.After entering the dining hall，we immediately ordered an all-duck banquet.With just one bite，Jack fell in love and shared with us taste of its delicious meat.We glad that he loved it and talked over the whole dinner.This meal left Jack a deep impression inspired his love for Chinese food.
Ⅲ.書面表達(dá)
(2019·撫順高三一模)假定你是李華，你校將舉辦主題為“中國國粹——京劇”的宣傳活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)給你的外教Henry寫封郵件邀請(qǐng)他參加。內(nèi)容包括：
1.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；
2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：講座、現(xiàn)場表演等。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
【參考范文】
Dear Henry，
How is everything going? I’m writing to invite you to participate in an activity themed Beijing Opera to be held at 9 a.m.next Tuesday in the school lecture hall.
At the beginning of the activity，we will listen to a speech on the history of Beijing Opera which is delivered by a famous artist.After that，there will be a live performance of Beijing Opera.The artists dressed in costumes will perform various stories that happened in the history of China by singing，dancing and playing martial arts.Besides，methods of drawing facial makeup will be taught on the spot，so you can try your hand.Would you like to go with me?
I would appreciate it if you could give me an early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua


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