一般時態(tài)


一般時態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時
一般過去時
分別表示現(xiàn)在、過去的經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作或存在的狀態(tài)
一般將來時
表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)
過去將來時
表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作

所謂一般時態(tài)，表示既不“進行”，又不“完成”。
We have meals three times a day.
我們一日吃三餐。(現(xiàn)在的習慣)
He is always ready to help others.
他總是樂于助人。(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))
When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park.
我小時候常去那個公園玩。(過去的習慣)
1．一般現(xiàn)在時
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時主要用動詞的原形表示，如果主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則一般在動詞原形后加-s或-es，其變化規(guī)則如下表所示：

情況
規(guī)則
例詞
一般情況
加-s
helps, eats, rises, reads
以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o結(jié)尾的動詞
加-es
discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞
變y為-ies
carry→carries
fly→flies

(2)一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
一般現(xiàn)在時除了可以表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作或存在的狀態(tài)外，還可表示：
①客觀真理、科學事實及自然現(xiàn)象。此用法即使出現(xiàn)在過去語境中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時。
The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。
②用于here, there開頭的倒裝句中，一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
There goes the bell.鈴響了。
Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。
2．一般過去時
(1)一般過去時的構(gòu)成
一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示，其規(guī)則動詞變化方法如下表所示：
情況
規(guī)則
例詞
一般情況
加-ed
pack→packed
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞
變y為-ied
carry→carried
marry→married
以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞
雙寫輔音字
母加-ed
plan→planned
chat→chatted
以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動詞
直接加-d
like→liked
provide→provided

(2)一般過去時的用法
一般過去時除了可以表示過去經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)外，還有以下用法：
①want, hope, think, intend等動詞的一般過去時往往表示“過去原……”之意。
I thought he was an honest man.我原以為他是個老實人。
He didn't intend to hurt you.他本來沒打算傷害你。
②wonder的一般過去時有時也可表示現(xiàn)在的行為，但口氣要比用一般現(xiàn)在時更加委婉、客氣。
I wondered if you could do me a favour.
我不知道你能否幫我一個忙。
③used to＋動詞原形，表示過去的習慣性動作而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再發(fā)生了。
We used to spend our vacation in the mountains.
我們以前常常在山里度假。(暗示現(xiàn)在不再在山里度假了)
3．一般將來時
(1)一般將來時的構(gòu)成
①shall＋動詞原形(第一人稱)
②will＋動詞原形(各種人稱)
(2)一般將來時的用法
一般將來時除了可以表示將來的動作或存在的狀態(tài)外，還有以下用法：
①will＋動詞原形
will可用來表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢。will表示將來，有時含偶然性、臨時性決定的意思。
Fish will die without water.離開水，魚就會死。
—Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town?
—No. I will go and visit him right now.
——你知道史密斯先生來我們鎮(zhèn)了嗎？
——不知道。我現(xiàn)在就去看他。
②be going to＋動詞原形
“be going to＋動詞原形”多用在口語中，表示“計劃、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對未來進行推斷。
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
他今晚要在電視上講話。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
看這些烏云，要下雨了。
③be about to＋動詞原形/be on the point of＋動名詞
“be about to＋動詞原形”及“be on the point of＋動名詞”表示“立即的將來(immediate future)”，因此，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示將來的具體時間狀語連用，但可以和并列連詞when(＝and at that time)引出的分句連用。
The train is about to start.火車就要開了。
The plane is on the point of taking off.
飛機馬上就要起飛了。
④有些動詞如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其現(xiàn)在進行時表示按計劃、安排近期將要發(fā)生的動作。
I'm leaving for Beijing next month.下個月我要去北京。
⑤某些動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示按計劃、安排將要做的事情，這種用法常常用于介紹火車時刻表、飛機時刻表、作息安排表等內(nèi)容。
We must hurry up. The first class begins at eight o'clock.
我們必須快點。第一節(jié)課將在八點開始。
⑥be to＋動詞原形
用法
例句
表示“按計劃或安排即將要做的事”
She is to get married next month.
她將于下個月結(jié)婚。
表示“按照職責、義務、規(guī)定等應該做某事”，相當于should, ought to
You are to report it to the police.
你應該報警。
表示注定要發(fā)生的事情
Your plan is to be a failure.
你的計劃注定要失敗。

4．過去將來時
(1)過去將來時的構(gòu)成
should/would＋動詞原形
(2)過去將來時的用法
過去將來時表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
He said he would be here at nine o'clock.
他說他將在九點鐘到這里。
[命題點感悟]
單句語法填空
①(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
解析：started　根據(jù)破折號前的內(nèi)容可知，此處說的是2005年發(fā)生的事情，應用一般過去時。
②(2018·浙江6月高考)I ________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
解析：was shocked　根據(jù)后面的learnt可知，此處應使用一般過去時態(tài)，又因I與shock是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。
③(2017·浙江6月高考)Pahlsson and her husband _______ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
解析：searched　根據(jù)后面的“but turned up nothing”可知，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的行為，故要用一般過去時。
④(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind ________ (go) blank.
解析：went　此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。
⑤(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)When summer ________ (come), they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
解析：comes　此處主句是一般將來時，when引導的時間狀語從句應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，且從句主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，故應填comes。
⑥(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school ________(come) first.”
解析：comes　此句是直接引語，陳述客觀事實，根據(jù)前面句子的謂語可知，動詞come應該使用一般現(xiàn)在時。
⑦(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and ________ (become) a new member of the school music club.
解析：became　句中的become和前面的entered是并列謂語，形式上應保持一致，故become應使用一般過去時。
⑧(2016·浙江10月高考)“Daddy, I'm so glad to see you，” I ________ (whisper), “I'm in town for the writer's class, but I just couldn't miss your show.”
解析：whispered　此處是說作者說話聲音很低，故用一般過去時態(tài)。

進行時態(tài)
1.進行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成
(1)考綱對進行時態(tài)要求掌握的時態(tài)包括：現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時，它們的形式分別為：

(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式：
情況
規(guī)則
例詞
一般情況
加-ing
try→trying
以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞
雙寫輔音字母加-ing
regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動詞
去掉e，加-ing
hate→hating
date→dating

2．進行時態(tài)的用法
(1)進行時態(tài)表示某一時刻或階段內(nèi)正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，具有暫時性和未完成性的特點。
I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
我并不在這里上班，我只是來幫忙，直到新秘書來了(我就走)。(暫時性)
I am reading the book; I will finish it in a week.
我正讀那本書，一周后我就會讀完了。(未完成性)
(2)表示某階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事，但此時此刻動作不一定正在進行，常與these days, this week等時間狀語連用。
We are making preparations for the final examination these days.
這些天我們在為期末考試做準備。(此時此刻不一定在做)
(3)表示反復出現(xiàn)的或習慣性的動作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒，常與always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等連用。
He is always thinking of others first.
他總是先想到他人。
He is always making the same mistake.
他總是犯同樣的錯誤。
(4)有些動詞的進行時態(tài)可以表示將來。(見一般將來時的用法)
[命題點感悟]
單句語法填空
①(2018·北京高考改編)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
解析：was working　句意：去年我拜訪蘇珊的時候，她已經(jīng)辭去了那份高薪的工作，正在社區(qū)當志愿者。根據(jù)句意可知，此處強調(diào)過去的時間點正在進行的動作，因此用過去進行時。
②(2017·天津高考改編)I ________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
解析：was driving　句意：我正開車去倫敦，這時突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我走錯路了。be doing ... when ...“正在做……，這時突然……”。
③(2014·重慶高考改編)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he_______(come) until yesterday.
解析：was coming/would come　句意：詹姆斯剛到，但是我直到昨天才知道他要來。根據(jù)句意可知，昨天才知道他將要來，所以要用過去將來時，此處既可以用進行時表示將來，也可用would come。


完成時態(tài)

1．現(xiàn)在完成時
(1)表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。常用的狀語有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在過去的幾天/年里)，since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。
Great changes have taken place in Hangzhou in the past few years.
在過去的幾年里杭州發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
(2)表示過去發(fā)生已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，注意這時說話者說話的重心在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響上。常用的狀語有：already, just (剛剛), yet, before等。
He has turned off the light.(＝The light is off now.)
他已經(jīng)關(guān)掉燈了。
(3)在“最高級＋名詞”或“It/This is＋the first/second ... time”之后的定語從句中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。
This is the best tea (that) I have ever drunk.
這是我喝過的最好的茶了。
(4)瞬間動詞又叫非延續(xù)性動詞、終止性動詞。瞬間動詞可以用于完成時態(tài)，但不可以接表示一段時間的狀語；若要接表示一段時間的狀語，需要做一些相應的變換。
He has come to Beijing since last year.(×)
He has lived in Beijing since last year.(√)
部分非延續(xù)性動詞(短語)和延續(xù)性動詞(短語)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：
買buy→have 　　　　　　　　 借borrow→keep
結(jié)婚get married→be married 認識get to know→know
離開leave→be away 回來come back→be back
生病fall ill→be ill 死亡die→be dead
關(guān)閉turn off→be off 打開turn on→be on
動身leave for →be off to 變成become→be
返回return→be back 開始begin→be on
睡覺go to bed→sleep 穿put on→have on/wear
來/去come/go→be in/away 參加join→be a member of
感冒take/get/catch a cold→have a cold
入睡go to sleep→be asleep
到達get to/arrive in (at)/reach→be in/stay
2．過去完成時
(1)過去完成時表示過去某一時間或動作前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)(即表示“過去的過去”)。
She had learned some English before she came to our school.
她在來我們學校前已學過一些英語了。
(2)表示過去某一時間的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去的另一時間，還可能持續(xù)下去，常用的時間狀語有：by/until/before/by the end of＋“表示過去的某一時間”。
By then he had learned English for 3 years.
到那時，他已學了三年英語了。
(3)表示愿望、打算的詞，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, suppose等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)
(4)用于某些固定句型中：
①Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely ... when ...和No sooner ... than ...句型中， when和than從句里用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時，且用倒裝，表示“剛剛……就……”。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我剛到家，大雨就傾盆而下。
②It was/had been＋一段時間＋since從句。since 從句的謂語用過去完成時。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我們有10年沒那么高興過了。
③That/It/This was the first/second ... time＋that從句。that 從句的謂語要用過去完成時。
It was the third time (that) he had left the key at home.
那是他第三次把鑰匙落在家里了。
3．將來完成時
將來完成時表示到將來某一時間，某一動作將會完成，常用的時間狀語為“by＋將來的某個時間”。
By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.
到明年的這個時候，你們就都成為大學生了。
[命題點感悟]
單句語法填空
①(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.
解析：has grown　由時間狀語Since 2011可知此處語境表示的是從過去的某個時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。且主語the country 是第三人稱單數(shù)名詞，故填has grown。
②(2018·浙江11月高考)You probably ________ (use) caffeine since childhood.
解析：have used/have been using　根據(jù)后面的“since childhood”可知，此處應使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。
③(2018·北京高考改編)China's high-speed railways ______ (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
解析： have grown　句意：在過去的幾年，中國的高鐵已從9 000 千米延長到25 000千米?！癲uring/over/in the past/last＋時間段”作狀語，句子應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
④(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)I ________ (grow) not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
解析：have grown　根據(jù)時間狀語“in the past few years”可知，空處應該使用現(xiàn)在完成時。
⑤(2014·浙江高考改編)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she_______(see) most of the guests before.
解析：had seen　句意：索菲婭環(huán)視了所有的面龐，她有印象——絕大多數(shù)的客人以前她都見過。根據(jù)謂語動詞looked, had和時間狀語before可知，是過去的事情，而“以前見過”應該發(fā)生在這些動作之前，即“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。

完成進行時態(tài)

1．考綱對完成進行時態(tài)要求掌握的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進行時，其形式為：have/has＋been＋doing。
2．現(xiàn)在完成進行時是現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時的組合，表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動作或表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直反復進行的動作，它既具備現(xiàn)在完成時的特征，又具備現(xiàn)在進行時的特征，如：它具備進行體的“未完性、暫時性、感情色彩”的特點。
He has been learning English for 6 years.
他學英語已經(jīng)六年了。(從過去某一時間開始學英語，強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在學)
It has been raining for 3 days.
已經(jīng)下了三天雨了。(強調(diào)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩)


被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒有必要指明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)；需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者或事件本身時也常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時可以省略)。
被動語態(tài)與時態(tài)結(jié)合，形成各種時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)：


現(xiàn)在時
過去時
將來時
過去將來時
一般式
am/is/are done
was/were done
will/shallbe done
would/should
be done
進行式
am/is/are
being done
was/were
being done


完成式
have/has
been done
had
been done
will/shall
have been
done
would/
should have
been done
1.使用被動語態(tài)時應注意的幾個問題
(1)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r雙賓語的變化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
(2)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r，賓語成主語；(作補語的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)。
The boss made him work all day long.
→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
(3)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her)．
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
(4)情態(tài)動詞，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e＋過去分詞”。
We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
(5)當句子的謂語為say，believe，expect，think，know，write, consider, report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：①謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主語補足語。②用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。
People say he is a smart boy.
→He is said to be a smart boy.
→It is said that he is a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
→Paper was known to be made in China first.
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
[名師指津]　類似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...
2．不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況
(1)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。
(2)表示歸屬的動詞或短語，如have, own, belong to等。
(3)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動詞，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
(4)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。
(5)賓語是同源賓語、動詞不定式、動名詞等，謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。
3．主動形式表示被動意義
(1)當連系動詞feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容詞時；當cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作為不及物動詞表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時；當動詞表示“開始，結(jié)束，關(guān)，停，轉(zhuǎn)，啟動”等意義時。
The flowers smell sweet.
花兒散發(fā)著芳香。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
這種布料容易洗。
(2)當break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生，關(guān)閉，制定”等意思時。
The lamps on the wall turned off.
墻上的燈熄滅了。
[命題點感悟]
單句語法填空
①(2018·天津高考改編)My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
解析：is being repaired　句意：我的洗衣機這周正在被修理，因此我不得不手洗我的衣服。洗衣機正在被修理，因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。
②(2018·江蘇高考改編)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.
解析：had been carried　句意：上個月，我被派往這個村子，去看了看過去兩年里這個發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行得怎么樣了。carry out發(fā)生在I was sent之前，所以要用過去完成時，且plan與carry out之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。
③(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steam engines_______ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
解析：were used　此處講的是過去的事情，主語“Steam engines”和use之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
④(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarah ________(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
解析：has been told/was told　句意：有人告訴過薩拉，她可能成為英國的一名新超模，下一年能掙一百萬美元。根據(jù)句意可知句子謂語應該使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。再由從句中的謂語動詞“could be”可知，此處也可使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
⑤(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I________(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
解析：was allowed　根據(jù)空格前一句的時態(tài)及allow sb.to do sth.這一用法可知，此處要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)形式。
⑥(2016·北京高考改編)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________(reward) with success in the end.
解析：will be rewarded　句意：學生們一直刻苦學習功課，他們的努力最終將會獲得成功作為回報。根據(jù)句意和語境可知，前一分句使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；后一分句應該使用一般將來時，且動詞reward與主語efforts之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應該使用被動語態(tài)。
⑦(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies ________ (show) that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
解析：have shown　空處表示已經(jīng)完成的動作，故用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

[專題過關(guān)訓練]
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils were_allowed (allow) to visit him in his prison.
2．In a word, mass media will_be (be) all the more important in the future and their function will enormously expand.
3．When we got to the spot, the injured had_been_sent (send) to the hospital.
4．We've got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet is_being_used/is_used (use) in the classroom.
5．The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are_suffering (suffer) from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home.
6．In US high school, everything is_recorded (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations.
7．Though the interview went(go) well, it was impressed on him again that compared with the other candidates he didn't have the ability to get the job.
8．This was the first time I had_experienced (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
9．Another point that should never be ignored is (be) that handwriting is the key to getting a much higher score.
10．However, there are also some problems with this teaching method. As we haven't_mastered (not master) enough English words, sometimes we may find it difficult to follow the teacher.
11．I am a member of the English Club, which was (be) set up by the Student Union three years ago.
12．I believe I will_improve (improve) my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
13．In order to make my dream come true, I worked part-time to save money while I was_studying (study) at college.
14．There is no doubt that more than one change has_taken (take) place in my school.
15．I have_been_told (tell) that one more volunteer will be needed this year and I think you are suitable for the job.
Ⅱ.運用語法寫靚句
1．如果你想上重點大學，你的英語必須很優(yōu)秀。(go, a key college, excellent)
If_you_are_to_go_to_a_key_college,_your_English_must_be_excellent.
2．我的表弟已經(jīng)回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已經(jīng)走了一個星期了。他在這里待了一個月。(cousin, go back, stay)
My_cousin_has_gone_back_home._He_went_home_last_week._He_has_been_away_for_a_week._He_stayed_here_for_a_month.
3．他2018年搬到這里，自那之后他一直住在這里。(move, live)
He_moved_here_in_2018_and_he_has_lived_here_ever_since.
4．到目前為止，我們都沒有收到她的消息。(hear from, up to now)
Up_to_now,_we_haven't_heard_from_her.
5．我沒有聽懂我們的老師說的什么，因為我剛才在考慮別的事情。(catch, think about, something else)
I_don't_catch_what_our_teacher_said,_because_I_was_thinking_about_something_else.
6．多讀些英語文章來擴大詞匯量，因為，詞匯在語言學習上是非常重要的。(enlarge, language learning)
Do_more_English_reading_to_enlarge_your_vocabulary,_for_it_is_very_important_in_language_learning.
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·濱州模擬)The question was once asked of a __1__ (success) businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime？” He replied, “I have dreamed. I have turned my mind loose __2__ (imagine) what I wanted to do. Then I went to bed and __3__ (think) about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real. While other people were saying, ‘You can't do that, and it is __4__ (possible). I was well on my way to __5__ (achieve) what I wanted, as Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of __6__ US said: ‘We grow great by dreams.’”
All big men are dreamers. Some of us let these dreams die, __7__ others protect them and take care __8__ them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who __9__ (sincere) hope that their dreams will come true. So please, don't let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too unrealistic.“Sing your __10__ (song), and dream your dreams; hope your hope and pray your prayer.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章用成功商人的例子告訴我們要擁有夢想并要堅持自己的夢想。
1．successful　修飾名詞應用形容詞形式。
2．to imagine　作目的狀語應用動詞不定式短語。
3．thought　此處敘述的是過去的事情，且和“went to bed”并列，因此用thought。
4．impossible　根據(jù)上文“You can't do that”可知用impossible作表語。
5．a(chǎn)chieving　句中的to為介詞，因此此處應使用動名詞形式。
6．the　此處指美國，故用the US。
7．but/while　空格前后兩個分句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，故用but/while。
8．of　take care of“照顧”，是固定搭配。
9．sincerely　修飾動詞hope應用副詞形式。
10．songs　song為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句中的“dreams”可知此處應用復數(shù)形式。


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