一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．victim n．　　　　　　　 受害者
2．criteria n．(pl.) (評(píng)判的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
3．a(chǎn)rchitecture n. 建筑
4．a(chǎn)uthentic adj. 原作的，真正的
5．monument n. 紀(jì)念碑，紀(jì)念堂
6．sorrow n. 悲傷，難過(guò)
7．vivid adj. 生動(dòng)的，逼真的
8．hardship n. 艱苦，困苦
9．tease vt. 嘲笑，取笑
10．superb adj. 出色的，卓越的
11．former adj. 以前的
12．precious adj. 寶貴的，珍貴的
13．sweetness n. 甜蜜，溫柔
14．tense adj. 緊張的
15．clumsy adj. 笨拙的；不得體的
16．tiresome adj. 討厭的，令人厭倦的
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．a(chǎn)bandon vt. 放棄，遺棄
2．witness v. 目擊
3．tremble vi. 顫抖，發(fā)抖
4．loss n. 遺失，失去，丟失
5．a(chǎn)wesome adj. 令人敬畏的
6．sympathy n. 同情
7．burst vi. 爆炸；沖，闖
8．specific adj. 詳細(xì)的；特定的
9．origin n. 起源，開端；出身
10．severe adj. 嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的
11．stubborn adj. 倔強(qiáng)的，固執(zhí)的
12．complex adj. 復(fù)雜的
13．breakthrough n. 突破，重大發(fā)現(xiàn)
14．uncertain adj. 不確定的
15．a(chǎn)wkward adj. 笨拙的；令人不舒服的
16．gather vi.& vt. 聚集
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．preserve vt.保護(hù)，保存→preservation n．保護(hù)，保存
2．occur vi.發(fā)生→occurrence n．發(fā)生
3．particularly adv.特別地；特定地→particular adj.特別的；特定的；特有的
4．significance n．重要性，意義→significant adj.重要的，重大的；影響深遠(yuǎn)的
5．discourage vt.使泄氣，使灰心→discouraging adj.令人沮喪的→discouraged adj.失去信心的→discouragement n．泄氣→encouragement n．鼓勵(lì)(反義詞)
6．suffering n．痛苦，困難→suffer v．遭受；患(某種病)
7．a(chǎn)dmirable adj.令人欽佩的，極佳的→admire vt.佩服，稱贊→admiration n．佩服，稱贊
8．restriction n．限制，約束→restrict vt.限制，約束→restricted adj.有限的，受限制的→restrictive adj.受限的
9．unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的(反義詞)→bear v．忍耐
10．eager adj.渴望的，熱衷的→eagerly adv.渴望地→eagerness n．渴望
11．expand v．?dāng)U大，擴(kuò)充→expansion n．?dāng)U大；膨脹
12．warmth n．溫暖→warm adj.溫暖的→warmly adv.溫暖地
13．a(chǎn)bnormal adj.反常的，不正常的→normal adj.正常的，通常的(反義詞)→normally adv.通常，一般
14．a(chǎn)pplaud vi.& vt.鼓掌→applause n．鼓掌
15．a(chǎn)pparent adj.明顯的，顯而易見的→apparently adv.顯然地

1.“價(jià)值”形容詞知多少
①precious　　　　 　 寶貴的，珍貴的
②valuable 有價(jià)值的
③worth 有……價(jià)值的
④worthy 有價(jià)值的
⑤priceless 無(wú)價(jià)的
⑥worthless/valueless 無(wú)價(jià)值的
2.后綴“-some”形容詞集錦
①troublesome　　 引起麻煩的
②handsome 英俊的
③awesome 令人敬畏的
④boresome 煩人的
⑤fearsome 可怕的
⑥tiresome 討厭的
3.趣味“合成詞”薈萃
①breakthrough n．　 突破，重大發(fā)現(xiàn)
②pickpocket n. 扒手
③daybreak n. 破曉
④sunrise n. 日出
⑤bathroom n. 浴室
⑥webpage n. 網(wǎng)頁(yè)
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．come__into__view　　　　　　 出現(xiàn)
2．knock__sb.over 撞倒某人
3．once__upon__a__time 從前
4．block__out 堵住
5．in__a__way 從某種程度上說(shuō)
6．on__one’s__side 側(cè)身
7．split__up (使)解散；決裂
8．name...after 以……的名字給某人/某物命名
9．come__across 偶然遇見，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)
10．hold__up 支撐起；延誤，推遲
11．count__on 依靠
12．figure__out 理解
13．end__up 以……結(jié)束，以……告終
14．put__up__with 容忍，忍受
15．in__particular 特別，尤其
16．refer__to 查閱；提到；涉及；提交
17．on__the__way__to 在去……的路上
18．pay__rise 增加工資

1.“v.＋out”短語(yǔ)萬(wàn)花筒
①try out　　　 嘗試
②run out 用完
③work out 算出；解決；鍛煉
④figure out 算出；理解
⑤leave out 省略；遺漏；不考慮
⑥pick out 挑選；區(qū)別出
2.“in＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)薈萃
①in case　　　　　 以防萬(wàn)一
②in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中
③in short/brief 總而言之
④in vain 徒勞的
⑤in particular 特別，尤其
⑥in relief 如釋重負(fù)
3.“v.＋up”短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想
①split up　　 (使)解散；決裂
②set up 建立
③end up 以……結(jié)束，以……告終
④pay up 付清
⑤cut up 切碎
⑥link up 聯(lián)合，連接
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as if引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句
Another man, lying on his side, looks as__if he is trying to get up.
躺在他旁邊的另一個(gè)人看上去好像在試圖站立起來(lái)。
句型2：now that意為“既然，由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
Now__that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.　既然海倫理解了語(yǔ)言之謎，她非?？释麑W(xué)習(xí)更多的詞語(yǔ)并且盡可能多地使用它們。
句型3：unless意為“除非，如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.
她的話讓我感到非常困惑，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我若不用手觸摸就什么都不理解。
句型4：It is/was＋序數(shù)詞＋time (＋that)．..
It__was__the__first__time Helen had__understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.
這是海倫第一次明白這樣一個(gè)復(fù)雜的詞——一個(gè)她觸摸不到的東西的含義。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager(渴望的) to take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
2．The plot in this novel is so complex(復(fù)雜的) that many people can’t understand it well.
3．It would be irresponsible of me not to advise my company to abandon(放棄) this project.
4．I was so heavily overweight that I suffered a lot from my awkward(尷尬的) appearance.
5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Our school has witnessed(目擊) great changes in the last few years.
6．According to the law, the sale of alcohol is restricted(restrict) to people under the age of 18.
7．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst(burst) into tears.
8．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving(preserve) their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
9．He searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.
10．It is significant(significance) that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．Please give a warm welcome to our guests.If we say “Hello” to them warmly,__they will sense the warmth from our smile.(warm)
2．We should give the students much encouragement,__for they will get discouraged when criticized too often.But now we should focus on discouraging them from smoking.(discourage)
3．It’s hard to try to work in such a restricted space and the conditions restrict the children’s chances for play, so many people think life here is too restrictive．(restrict)
4．The girl is eager to know something about the star.Now she is waiting eagerly outside the hall, from whose face we can see the eagerness．(eager)
5．She is not rich, but she is particular about her clothes. She likes red coats particularly．(particular)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
on one’s side; hold oneself up; come across; put up with; now that; figure out
One cold winter day, I 1.came__across an old man lying 2.on__his__side on the road. It seemed that he couldn’t
3．hold__himself__up. Perhaps he couldn’t 4.put__up__with the cold weather. 5.Now__that I saw him, I decided to help him whether I 6.figured__out what happened to him or not.
come into view; knock over; block out; in particular; on the way to
7．On__the__way__to the supermarket, an ambulance 8.came__into__view and many people surrounded it. The road was 9.blocked__out. I stopped to find what had happened.I was told that an old lady had been 10.knocked__over by a truck when crossing the road. She was badly hurt, 11.in__particular in her legs, but she still could put up with the pain. Immediately she was sent to the nearest hospital.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．這個(gè)留著長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)的年輕男子看起來(lái)好像是個(gè)女人。
The young man with long hair looks as if he__were__a__woman．
2．既然大家都來(lái)了，讓我們開始會(huì)議吧。
Now__that/Since__everyone__is__here,__let’s begin our meeting.
3．除非被邀請(qǐng)，否則他是不會(huì)回公司的。
Unless__invited,__he will not come back to the company.
4．這是你第二次遲到了。
It was the second time that you had__come/been late.

abandon　vt.拋棄；離棄；放棄；停止做(某事)　n．放縱，放任；盡情
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)However, these plans were__abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems.
b．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned(abandon) bricks of different ages.
②(2018·天津卷) I will never abandon reaching(reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))He abandoned__himself__to__playing__computer__games(沉迷于玩電腦游戲) and didn’t pass the exam.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Abandoning__himself__to__playing__computer__games,__he didn’t pass the exam.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Abandoned__to__playing__computer__games，he didn’t pass the exam.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))

(1)abandon doing sth.　 放棄做某事
abandon oneself to doing sth.
沉湎于做某事；放縱(感情)于做某事
(2)with abandon 縱情；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 拋棄了的；廢棄的；放縱的
[佳句背誦] At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.
聚會(huì)上，人們盡情地唱歌、跳舞，把生活中的煩惱拋到了九霄云外。
[詞塊助記](méi) an abandoned farm　　 廢棄的農(nóng)場(chǎng)
abandon an animal 遺棄動(dòng)物
abandon the match because of rain 因?yàn)橄掠曛兄沽吮荣?br /> preserve　vt.保護(hù)；維護(hù)；保存(使免受破壞)；保留　n．保護(hù)區(qū)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.
②Some suggestions are made at the meeting that these traditional customs(should)__be__preserved(preserve) and handed down one generation after another.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))Because they are well-preserved in the nature preserve, pandas live a happy life.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Wellpreserved__in__the__nature__preserve,__pandas live a happy life.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)preserve...from...　　 保護(hù)……免受……
(2)nature preserve 自然保護(hù)區(qū)
(3)well-preserved adj. 保存良好的　
[佳句背誦] It is well known that Shennongjia is one of the beautiful nature preserves, attracting thousands of visitors every day.　眾所周知，神農(nóng)架是一個(gè)美麗的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，每天吸引成千上萬(wàn)的游客。
[名師點(diǎn)津] “一字”之差：
(1)preserve vt.保護(hù)；維護(hù)
(2)reserve v．保留；儲(chǔ)備；預(yù)定
witness　vt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到；目擊　n．目擊者；證人；證據(jù)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(上海卷)The late twentieth century witnessed(witness) the rapid development of China’s economy.
②What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses(witness) to the accident last week.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)我們將見證我們學(xué)校的榮耀，我們一起成長(zhǎng)。
We__will__witness__the__glory__of__our__school，and we are growing together.

(1)witness sth./that...　　 目擊……
witness to (doing) sth. 證實(shí)/證明(做)某事
(2)a witness of/to sth. 某事的證人/證明　
[佳句背誦] Our city witnesses four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
我們的城市見證了四個(gè)不同的季節(jié)，陽(yáng)光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)冷。
occur　vi.發(fā)現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)；(想法、念頭等)想起，浮現(xiàn)；發(fā)生
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①A perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②a.The accident is reported to__have__occurred(occur) on the first Sunday in February.
b．In the next 30 years, we could see more heat waves like the one now occurring(occur) in the U．S.
③It never occurred to her to__ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
他忽然想起他把鑰匙忘在辦公室里了。
④It__occurred__to__him__that he had left his keys in the office.
⑤It__hit/struck__him__that he had left his keys in the office.

sth. occurs to sb.　　　 某事浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中；某人想到某事
It occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。　
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)occur是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能帶賓語(yǔ)，也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(2)occur的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，即occurred。
(3)表達(dá)“某人突然想起……”的句型還有：
①sth. hits/strikes sb.
②It hits/strikes sb. that從句
③sb. comes up with sth.
burst　vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)　n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst__in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
看到她的同學(xué)因?yàn)樗薮赖腻e(cuò)誤哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起來(lái)。
③(普通表達(dá))When she saw her classmates burst__into__laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__into__tears.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Seeing__her__classmates__burst__out__laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__out__crying．(burst out；分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1) 突然哭起來(lái)/笑起來(lái)
(2)burst in/into 闖入，突然破門而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一陣
[佳句背誦] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
當(dāng)教授走進(jìn)演講大廳時(shí)，突然爆發(fā)出一陣掌聲。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)burst in中的in是副詞，后面不接賓語(yǔ)；
(2)burst into中的into是介詞，后面應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)。
discourage　v．阻止；打消……的念頭
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2017·浙江卷6月)Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged(courage)．
b．Instead of seeing the setback as something discouraging__(discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.
②(湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage(courage) you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③Parents should encourage__their__children__to__overcome__difficulties(鼓勵(lì)他們的孩子克服困難) and inspire them to develop by themselves.
④We tried to discourage__him__from__climbing__the__mountain(阻止他爬山) without a guide.

(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.
　 　　　　　　 　 勸某人不要做某事；
使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraged adj. 沮喪的，灰心喪氣的
discouraging adj. 令人泄氣的；令人沮喪的
(3)encourage vt. 鼓勵(lì)
encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事　
[佳句背誦] He tried to balance his study and rest and find the way to get out of difficult situation because he believed nothing could discourage him from pursuing his dream.　他試著平衡學(xué)習(xí)和休息， 找到走出困境的方法， 因?yàn)樗嘈艣](méi)有什么可以使他失去追逐夢(mèng)想的信心。
eager　adj.渴望的，熱衷的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The new president is eager that the project (should)__be__started(start) early.
②“So what do you think will happen？”he asked eagerly(eager)．
③(浙江卷)Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to__see(see) you do well.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我的朋友工作一直很努力，渴望得到老板的贊許。
④My friend，who has been working hard，is__eager__for her boss’s approval.
⑤Eager__for__her__boss’s__approval，my friend has been working hard.(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))

(1)be eager to do sth.　 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 急于得到某物
be eager that... 渴望……[從句中常用虛
擬語(yǔ)氣：(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形]
(2)eagerly adv. 渴望地　
[佳句背誦] The staff will be eager to help you through every step of the job search process.
那里的員工會(huì)很熱心地指導(dǎo)你求職中的每個(gè)步驟。
expand　vt.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充，增加；細(xì)談；詳述
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire.
②The professor will expand on this point in the next chapter.
③Expanding(expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.
④Their expanding(expand) business became a large corporation in 2017.
⑤The industry has just gone through a period of rapid expansion(expand)．

(1)expand into　　　　　 (使……)擴(kuò)大成……
expand on/upon 詳述；詳細(xì)闡明
(2)expansion n. 擴(kuò)大
expanding adj. 擴(kuò)大的；擴(kuò)展的　
[佳句背誦] As your horizons expand, these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life.
隨著眼界不斷開闊，這些新觀念會(huì)為生活賦予全新的意義。
in a way　從某一角度看；在某種程度上
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用way的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①In__a__way,__the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.
②Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in__the__way whenever she tries to.
③He decided that he would drive all__the__way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④只有這樣他們才能獨(dú)立成長(zhǎng)、真正成功。
Only__in__this__way__can__they__grow__up to be independent and become truly successful.

all the way　　　　　　 一路上；自始至終；完全
by the way 順便說(shuō)一下
in the way 擋道；妨礙
in this way 用這種方法
in no way 一點(diǎn)也不；決不(放在句首須部分倒裝)
on the way to... 在去……途中　
[佳句背誦] In a way, I’m glad that you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
從某一角度看，我很高興你犯了那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)你是個(gè)警告。
come across　偶然遇見
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
②I really don’t know how it came about that she was fired by her boss.
③It is said that the singer’s new album will come out in two months.
[能力提升]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換
④When they were having a heated discussion, a creative plan came up at the meeting.
→When they were having a heated discussion, someone came__up__with a creative plan at the meeting.

come about　　　　 發(fā)生
come out 出版；出來(lái)；開花
come up 走近；上來(lái)；發(fā)芽；被提及
come up with 想出；提出　
[佳句背誦] Look around and appreciate excellence whenever you come across it, and learn what you can from it.　環(huán)顧四周，每當(dāng)你碰到優(yōu)秀的都要欣賞它，并從中學(xué)習(xí)。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
表示“偶然遇見”的短語(yǔ)還有：
(1)run into; 　　　　 (2)run across；
(3)knock into; (4)meet with
hold up　舉起；延誤，阻滯；支撐
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中hold up的含義
①Hold up your right hand. Now, count down from ten, starting with your thumb.舉起
②There are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof.支撐
③I missed meeting my boss at the airport because my car was held up in the traffic jam.延誤
[能力提升]——完成句子
④Can you hold__on(別掛電話)? I’ll see if the manager is in the office.
⑤I’m sure my dream will come true as long as I hold__on__to(堅(jiān)持) it.

hold back　　　 阻止；抑制；隱瞞
hold on 堅(jiān)持??；等一下(別掛斷)
hold on to 抓緊；保持；不放棄
hold out 伸出；維持；保持　
[佳句背誦] The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to hold back your anger.
如果任何一方能控制住怒火的話，這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)斗本來(lái)是可以避免的。
refer to　查閱，參考；談到，提起；涉及，指的是
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中refer to的含義
①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.指的是
②If necessary, you may refer to your notes while making a speech.查閱
③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.提到
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
任正非被稱為中國(guó)最優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)家之一。新聞里提到的那個(gè)人就是他。
④Ren Zhengfei is__referred__to__as one of the greatest entrepreneurs in China. The person referred__to in the news is him.
⑤The person__referred__to__in__the__news__is__Ren__Zhengfei,__who__is__referred__to__as__one__of__the__greatest__entrepreneurs__in__China．(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)

(1)refer to...as...　　　　 將……稱為……
(2)reference n. 提及；參考；查閱
[佳句背誦] ①You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference.
你最好把那家餐廳的號(hào)碼寫下來(lái)，以備日后參考。(江西卷)
②Don’t always refer to the dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary.
當(dāng)遇到生詞時(shí)不要總是查詞典，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞非常重要時(shí)，你才可以在詞典中查閱。
[名師點(diǎn)津] “查詞典”，表達(dá)方式卻不同： refer to a dictionary, look sth.up in the dictionary。
put up with　容忍；忍受
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用put的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①A suggestion has been put__forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
②We are trying to put__aside some money every month for our vacation.　
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t stand/bear this loud noise any more.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t put__up__with/tolerate this loud noise any more.

put aside 　　　　 節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存
put away 收起來(lái)
put forward 提出建議；把……向前撥
put off 延期；推遲
put out 熄滅；撲滅
put up 提出；推薦；留某人住下　
[佳句背誦] In that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.　那樣，我們就不得不學(xué)會(huì)忍受他的一些缺點(diǎn)并努力試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

now that意為“既然，由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
(教材P11)Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
既然海倫理解了語(yǔ)言之謎，她非?？释麑W(xué)習(xí)更多的詞語(yǔ)并且盡可能多地使用它們。
[能力提升]——完成句子
①既然你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，你可以自己做決定了。
Now__that__you’ve__grown__up，you can make up your mind by yourself.
②(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)既然你知道為什么你想醒來(lái)，考慮重新安排早上的活動(dòng)吧。
Now__that__you__know__why__you__want__to__wake__up,__consider re-arranging your morning activities.

now that“既然，由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于since，that可以省略?！?
[佳句背誦] ①Now that there are many choices in life, one does not have to stare at one place and do one thing.
既然現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有好多種人生選擇了，一個(gè)人大可不必非得死盯在一個(gè)地方，死做一件事情。
②Now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball.
既然你已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)，你就可以打籃球了。
unless意為“除非，如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
(教材P11)Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.
她的話讓我感到非常困惑，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我若不用手觸摸就什么都不理解。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
②Unless the weather gets(get) better, I will stay at home.
③I won’t attend the party to be held tomorrow unless invited(invite)．
[能力提升]——一句多譯
眾所周知，除非你有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行鍛煉，否則身體就不會(huì)健康。
④It is known to all that unless__you__exercise__regularly,__you won’t keep fit. (unless)
⑤It is known to all that if__you__don’t__exercise__regularly,__you won’t keep healthy. (if)

(1)unless意為“除非；如果不”，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)肯定的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，可與if...not引導(dǎo)的否定狀語(yǔ)從句互換。
(2)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義，主句多用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
(3)在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略?！?
[佳句背誦] Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
除非你能睡得好，否則一兩個(gè)晚上后你就會(huì)失去集中注意力、做好規(guī)劃和保持積極性的能力。(2018·江蘇卷)

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．It is reported that the government is considering removing a restriction(restrict) on immigration from other countries into its country.
2．Because of his admirable(admire) success in playing basketball, he is very popular with us.
3．(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age, the loss(lose) of data can cause serious problems for a company.
4．Many buildings on the campus are his original(origin) creations.
5．It is important to join the club，though a few haven’t realized the significance(significant) of it.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．At the meeting，the headmaster insisted that the problems referred to be paid attention to.
2．It never occurred to me that my friend had been lying to me for years.
3．If your child loves animals or the environment, a local pet shelter or park may be eager for her help.
4．People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．
5．As long as a will is set, hold on to it and habits can be altered.
維度三　易錯(cuò)混用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．I don’t know what it was in the novel that made him burst out tears.out→into或tears→crying
2．She often makes a schedule to get herself reminding of what she is to do.reminding→reminded
3．I like pop songs，the songs sung by Liu Huan in particularly.particularly→particular
4．The old man abandoning by his son didn’t want to say anything when interviewed.abandoning→abandoned
5．It suddenly occurred to me whether I hadn’t locked my car.whether→that
維度四　語(yǔ)境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義)
1．(2019·江蘇卷)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.裂開
2．In the last decade, the project has expanded its welfare to support 12，000 poor students.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)充
3．One major suggestion at the meeting is that these traditional customs should be preserved.保護(hù)；保存
4．He described what he had witnessed in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.目擊
5．We didn’t know how he would react to those events occurring in the neighbourhood.發(fā)生
6．When you make a speech, you’d better prepare for it well in advance and not refer to your notes too often.參考；查閱

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
One day, Wang Ping witnessed a terrible accident 1.occurring(occur) on the way home. There were five people knocked over and injured seriously, 2.particularly(particular) the child. It was the first time that he 3.had__been(be) on an accident scene. He was at 4.a loss until the police came. They blocked 5.out the street where the accident happened to preserve the scene. On the scene, some people 6.burst(burst) out crying, and more people gathered around 7.to__figure(figure) out what happened. Soon two ambulances drove over and set out to do first aid. It is of great 8.significance(significant) to give the injured first aid in time. However, it was discouraging 9.that the injured child died before the doctor came. It can’t be too 10.careful(care) at any time.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①一個(gè)寒冷的冬天，我在去火車站的路上偶然遇見一位老人在乞討。
One cold winter day, I was on__my__way__to the train station when I came__across an old man who__was__begging．
②我不理解他是怎樣來(lái)到這兒的。
I didn’t figure__out__how__he__arrived__here．
③難道他是被自己的兒女拋棄了嗎？
Was__he__abandoned__by his own sons and daughters?
④保護(hù)老人是我們的職責(zé)。
To__preserve__such__an__old__man is our duty.
⑤除了把所有的零錢湊起來(lái)送給他以外，我什么也做不了。
I could do__nothing__but__gather all my change for him.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑥用it作形式主語(yǔ)升級(jí)句④
It’s__our__duty__to__preserve__such__an__old__man.
3．銜接成美文
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One possible version：
One cold winter day, I was on my way to the train station when I came across an old man who was begging. I didn’t figure out how he arrived here. Was he abandoned by his own sons and daughters? It’s our duty to preserve such an old man. I could do nothing but gather all my change for him.

課時(shí)練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
閱讀理解
A
(2020·太原模擬)Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem-solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。童話故事不但可以?shī)蕵?lè)孩子們，還能讓機(jī)器人擁有道德觀念，使其更好地為人類服務(wù)。
1．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?
A．They entertain robots.
B．They highlight dangers.
C．They make robots more intelligent.
D．They enable robots to behave morally.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童話故事可以作為道德經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓人工智能機(jī)器人的行為符合道德規(guī)范，故D項(xiàng)正確。
2．What is “Quixote” in the text?
A．A punishment system.
B．A character in literature.
C．A big name in technology.
D．A kind of software educating robots.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)被稱為“Quixote”；它從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上收集故事情節(jié)，然后用這些故事來(lái)教育機(jī)器人如何規(guī)范行為，由此可知，Quixote是一種教育機(jī)器人的軟件，故D項(xiàng)正確。
3．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?
A．To take advantage of its privilege.
B．To finish the task most efficiently.
C．To perform in a well-mannered way.
D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，設(shè)計(jì)者希望機(jī)器人在實(shí)驗(yàn)中的行為能符合道德規(guī)范，故C項(xiàng)正確。
4．Which of the following can best express the author’s opinion?
A．Robots will definitely have more functions.
B．Robots with humans’ emotions are perfect.
C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.
C　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我們認(rèn)為人工智能必須接受培訓(xùn)以適應(yīng)特定社會(huì)的價(jià)值觀，這樣做，它將努力避免不可接受的行為。據(jù)此可推知，訓(xùn)練機(jī)器人讓其行為符合社會(huì)規(guī)范是必要的，故C項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2020·昆明教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Five-year-old Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.
Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla’s mom were concerned, but their ideas didn’t work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said, “However, it wasn’t sinking in.”
Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair—a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.
The class loved their teacher’s new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms.Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.
In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district’s Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.
Prisilla’s mother, Maria, said that Grimm’s thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn’t believe it—she did something that I wouldn’t have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了Grimm老師剪短頭發(fā)以幫助學(xué)生Prisilla的故事。
5．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?
A．She wasn’t satisfied with her teacher.
B．She couldn’t concentrate in class.
C．She was laughed at by her classmates.
D．She couldn’t get on well with others.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在學(xué)校不開心是因?yàn)樗煌瑢W(xué)嘲笑。
6．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?
A．Praise from her students.
B．Devotion to her students.
C．Request of Prisilla’s mother.
D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla...she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因?yàn)槭嵌填^發(fā)而被同學(xué)嘲笑，為了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老師決定把自己的頭發(fā)剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老師出于對(duì)學(xué)生的關(guān)愛(ài)才剪短了頭發(fā)。
7．What can we know about Grimm?
A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.
B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.
C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.
D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老師剪短頭發(fā)之前很猶豫。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．How Grimm helped her student out.
B．What problem Prisilla had at school.
C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.
D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.
A　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，Prisilla因?yàn)槭嵌填^發(fā)而被同學(xué)嘲笑，她在學(xué)校很不開心，Grimm老師為了幫助、安慰她而剪短了自己的頭發(fā)，故A項(xiàng)最能概括文章大意。
完形填空
(2020·合肥高三聯(lián)考)I got on the bus to go to school as normally do. Today, however, was quite __1__．As we approached the next stop, a little girl got on.She __2__ her wallet to find the $2 to pay the driver, but I could __3__ by her expression that she didn’t have the correct __4__. Therefore, I stood up, took out $2 from my wallet, and paid __5__ the girl.Then I walked back and sat down.The girl __6__ me, sitting down next to me.She said “thank you” in a sweet little voice and we began to chat.I found out that she was trying to get to State Street.
I felt __7__ to think about a girl in such a young age __8__ around in the city with no money or guardian.When my __9__ approached, I instructed her to get off with me and she agreed.As we got to the __10__， the little girl took my hand, and I __11__ her across the street to safety. __12__， I had some spare time, so I __13__ the girl to State Street, gave her $5, told her how to get home, and said goodbye.
As I __14__ out my hand to shake, she ran to me and gave me the biggest and __15__ hug.We waved each other goodbye and she looked at me with the sweetest blue eyes, and then she skipped away __16__ the street.
Although my new friend, Emily, was just a 9-year-old girl, she gave me __17__ that will take her many years to understand.As we hugged, none of us said a word; __18__ , I knew that our hearts had met and a __19__ was made.No age can limit the __20__ of one’s heart or the love that they can give.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　作者熱心幫助了一個(gè)在公交車上遇到的小女孩，小女孩給了他大大的擁抱。作者感悟到任何年齡都不能限制一個(gè)人內(nèi)心的力量或他們所能給予的愛(ài)。
1．A.frightening　　　　　　　　 B．disappointing
C．different D．crazy
C　解析：根據(jù)句中however表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知今天與以往不同，下文敘述了事情經(jīng)過(guò)。故選C項(xiàng)。frightening令人恐懼的；disappointing令人失望的；different不同的；crazy瘋狂的。
2．A.observed B．touched
C．presented D．searched
D　解析：根據(jù)空后“her wallet to find the $2”可知女孩上車后從錢包里找錢付車費(fèi)，根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)情境可知選D項(xiàng)。 observe觀察；touch觸摸；present提出；search尋找。
3．A.tell B．hear
C．imagine D．base
A　解析：女孩的表情告訴“我”她沒(méi)有正好的錢付車費(fèi)，指從她的表情看出。故選A項(xiàng)。
4．A.ticket B．a(chǎn)ccess
C．permit D．fare
D　解析：此處指女孩沒(méi)有正好的錢付車費(fèi)，指車費(fèi)。故選D項(xiàng)。
5．A.for B．off
C．back D．to
A　解析：pay for sb.指為某人付款，此處指“我”為女孩付了車費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)。
6．A.followed B．pushed
C．noticed D．excused
A　解析：“我”為女孩付車費(fèi)后，女孩跟隨“我”，然后坐在了“我”旁邊表示感謝。故選A項(xiàng)。
7．A.tired B．bored
C．troubled D．inspired
C　解析：根據(jù)句中“around in the city with no money or guardian”可知作者對(duì)這個(gè)小女孩沒(méi)有錢和監(jiān)護(hù)人自己在城市坐車感到不安，根據(jù)常識(shí)選C項(xiàng)。tired疲倦的；bored無(wú)聊的； troubled不安的； inspired能力卓越的。
8．A.chatting B．looking
C．playing D．wandering
D　解析：此處指女孩自己在城市里坐車閑逛，wander around徘徊，閑逛。故選D項(xiàng)。
9．A.company B．store
C．center D．stop
D　解析：根據(jù)下句“get off with me”可知是作者到站了。故選D項(xiàng)。
10．A.corner B．crossroads
C．destination D．shop
B　解析：根據(jù)“across the street to safety”可知他們走到十字路口過(guò)馬路。故選B項(xiàng)。
11．A.made B．hurried
C．led D．freed
C　解析：此處指作者帶領(lǐng)小女孩安全過(guò)馬路，故選C項(xiàng)。
12．A.Usually B．Luckily
C．Generally D．Personally
B　解析：幸好“我”有些空閑時(shí)間，所以“我”陪伴小女孩去她的目的地，表示“幸運(yùn)的是”。故選B項(xiàng)。
13．A.accompanied B．treated
C．invited D．instructed
A　解析：此處表示“我”有時(shí)間，所以陪伴女孩去她的目的地，指陪伴女孩。故選A項(xiàng)。
14．A.pulled B．carried
C．made D．held
D　解析：此處指“我”伸出手和女孩握手，hold out伸出。故選D項(xiàng)。
15．A.toughest B．tightest
C．softest D．strongest
B　解析：女孩跑過(guò)來(lái)給了“我”一個(gè)最大最緊的擁抱，指緊緊地?fù)肀А９蔬xB項(xiàng)。
16．A.across B．over
C．off D．down
D　解析：此處指女孩沿著街連蹦帶跳地走了，down the street沿著大街。故選D項(xiàng)。
17．A.something B．a(chǎn)nything
C．nothing D．everything
A　解析：這個(gè)9歲的女孩給了“我”她多年之后才會(huì)明白的東西，用于肯定句。故選A項(xiàng)。
18．A.otherwise B．however
C．besides D．therefore
B　解析：“我們”擁抱時(shí)誰(shuí)都沒(méi)說(shuō)話，然而“我”知道“我們”的心相遇而且還建立了一種聯(lián)系，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。故選B項(xiàng)。
19．A.connection B．contribution
C．conclusion D．decision
A　解析：此處指“我”和小女孩之間建立了一種聯(lián)系。connection聯(lián)系，關(guān)系；contribution貢獻(xiàn)；conclusion結(jié)論；decision決定。故選A項(xiàng)。
20．A.strength B．power
C．force D．energy
A　解析：任何年齡都不能限制一個(gè)人內(nèi)心的力量或他們所能給予的愛(ài)，指內(nèi)心的力量。故選A項(xiàng)。 strength力量；power權(quán)力；force武力；energy能量。
課時(shí)練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五＋
1篇語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀理解
A
(2020·武漢調(diào)研)The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard his mother’s call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.
Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”．
“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then reread the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文。小男孩坐在電腦前，冥思苦想地進(jìn)行寫作。他參加的是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫作比賽，可是怎么也想不出寫作主題。好一會(huì)兒后，他茅塞頓開，快速敲擊鍵盤，可是等到他寫好文章準(zhǔn)備提交時(shí)，頁(yè)面上卻顯示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。
1．What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?
A．A new computer.
B．The prize money.
C．His own interest.
D．His mom’s encouragement.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.”可知，他的媽媽鼓勵(lì)他參加寫作比賽，現(xiàn)在他把寫作作為假期的個(gè)人任務(wù)；據(jù)此可知，他參加寫作比賽是他媽媽鼓勵(lì)的，故D項(xiàng)正確。
2．How did the boy finish his earlier writing?
A．His mom helped him.
B．He copied others’ ideas.
C．His friends assisted him.
D．He used his imagination.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.”可知，他之前寫的每一個(gè)故事都是以其他故事為基礎(chǔ)；據(jù)此可知，以前寫作時(shí)，他總是仿照別人的故事寫，故B項(xiàng)正確。
3．Why did the boy delay his writing?
A．Because he was terribly lazy.
B．Because he didn’t know what to write.
C．Because he wasn’t confident.
D．Because he read too many stories.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“He thought about what to write.”及第三段的內(nèi)容“As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was...He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”及倒數(shù)第五段尾句“He had to...write.”可知，想象力是寫作的關(guān)鍵，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道寫什么，所以他延誤了寫作時(shí)間，故B項(xiàng)正確。
4．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?
A．100. B．250.
C．500. D．1，000.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“Finally, he finished. The word count now read ‘498’．”可知，他寫了498個(gè)詞，終于完成了；結(jié)合第八段第一句“‘Perfect，’ he thought，‘just under the word limit.’”可知，他認(rèn)為太完美了，剛好低于限定的詞數(shù)；據(jù)此可以判斷，文章的最高限定詞數(shù)可能為500，故C項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2020·成都高三第一次診斷)Young trees don’t just grow；they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there’s trouble.
Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author’s land，there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature，the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can’t be the explanation. So what’s happening？Well，this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.
Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions: trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don’t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.
But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible？Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!
Why do trees do__such__a__thing？It’s simple: it’s better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了樹的智慧：每棵樹都有它不同的個(gè)性，遇到困難時(shí)它們也會(huì)互相幫助。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹不但能自己做決定，還能從自己的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。
5．Why does the author mention the three oak trees?
A．To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.
B．To show trees can make independent decisions.
C．To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.
D．To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others.”可知，三棵橡樹中，有一棵總比其他兩棵先落葉；結(jié)合第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes.”可知，樹木能自己做決定。據(jù)此可推知，作者提及三棵橡樹旨在說(shuō)明樹木可以自己做決定，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．According to the text, which of the following best describes general features of trees?
A．Anxious and bold.
B．Smart and adventurous.
C．Helpful and well-behaved.
D．Adaptable and supportive.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes.”，并結(jié)合第三段內(nèi)容可知，樹木不僅能自己做決定，還能從自己的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。據(jù)此可推知，樹木適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients.”可知，樹木不僅善于照顧自己，當(dāng)遇到困難時(shí)，它們會(huì)發(fā)出警告，相互支持，甚至照顧生病、虛弱的同類；據(jù)此可推知，樹木之間互幫互助，故D項(xiàng)正確。
7．What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing” mean?
A．Give warnings. B．Offer assistance.
C．Depend on others. D．Provide nutrients.
B　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段尾句“Well，the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years！”可知，樹樁是由它的鄰居從根處給予營(yíng)養(yǎng)來(lái)滋養(yǎng)的；結(jié)合第五段第一句“Why do trees do__such__a__thing？”和其后的內(nèi)容可知，該處表示“為什么樹木要互相幫助？”，故畫線短語(yǔ)是指提供幫助，故B項(xiàng)正確。
8．Where does this text most probably come from?
A．A public lecture. B．A science book.
C．An experiment report. D．A travel journal.
B　解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了樹的智慧：每棵樹都有它不同的個(gè)性，遇到困難時(shí)它們也會(huì)互相幫助。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹不但能自己做決定，還能從自己的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。據(jù)此可推知，本文最可能選自科學(xué)書籍，故B項(xiàng)正確。
七選五
(2020·大連高三雙基測(cè)試)Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you’ve experienced is negative selftalk. 1.________. You say to yourself untrue things like, “I’m not good enough. I’m a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop the negative selftalk?
?2.________
Know you’re special. You are “One of a kind！” There is no other person that thinks exactly like you. When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are, it’s easier to fight the negative selftalk.
?Change your associations
Your negative selftalk comes from your environment. You didn’t just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not, you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up, inspire you and make you feel better. 3.________．
?Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazing！”4.________， and you’ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course, there are other things to stop negative selftalk. 5.________， but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.
A．Think the same way
B．Change is not easy
C．Change your position
D．It begins in your brain
E．Change your state of mind
F．You’ll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G．You’ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何停止消極的自我對(duì)話。
1．D　解析：空前一句是說(shuō)如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所經(jīng)歷的就是消極的自我對(duì)話?？蘸笫钦f(shuō)你對(duì)自己說(shuō)一些不真實(shí)的情況，由此可推知，D項(xiàng)“它始于你的大腦”銜接上下文，符合語(yǔ)境。
2．E　解析：根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所處位置可知，空處為本段的小標(biāo)題。本段內(nèi)容都是在描述一個(gè)人好的心態(tài)的表現(xiàn)，故E項(xiàng)“改變你的心態(tài)”最能概括本段內(nèi)容。
3．G　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“然而，如果你結(jié)交了正確的人，他們會(huì)讓你振作起來(lái)，激勵(lì)你，讓你感覺(jué)更好”可知，G項(xiàng)“你會(huì)開始逐漸地相信他們告訴你的美好的事情”銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。
4．A　解析：空前一句是說(shuō)看著鏡子中的自己對(duì)自己說(shuō)“我太棒了！”，空后是說(shuō)你很快就會(huì)相信你很棒，由此可知A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
5．B　解析：空后表示“但如果你決心在任何情況下都積極思考，這將給你的生活帶來(lái)積極的改變”。其中but為表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的提示詞，故B項(xiàng)“改變并不容易”符合語(yǔ)境，銜接下文。
語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·安徽省示范高中模擬)Proper exercise is beneficial to our health. As the experts say, swimming is an excellent way to work your entire body. An hour of swimming 1.____________(burn) almost as many calories as running. There are a host of benefits you may gain from swimming 2.____________(regular)．
One of 3.____________ biggest benefits of swimming is that it truly works well from head to toe. It can not only increase your heart rate without 4.____________(stress) your body, but also build up your muscles and 5.____________(strong). Besides, swimming makes your heart and lung strong. It is so good for you that researchers say it may even reduce your risk of death. 6.____________(compare) with inactive people, 7.____________(swim) have about half the risk of death. Some other studies have shown that swimming may help lower blood pressure and control blood sugar.
The number of persons 8.____________ experience some level of insomnia(失眠癥) is increasing, so this is excellent news—the researchers conclude that swimming is a potentially powerful way to relieve stress quickly and promote deeper sleep.
Swimming is safe for most people. As with any workout, there are certain risks associated with swimming. If you 9.____________(injure) or have certain medical conditions, be sure to check with your doctor before swimming. 10.____________ general, it’s a good idea to check with your doctor whenever you start a new exercise program.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)和跑步燃燒的卡路里相當(dāng)，經(jīng)常游泳的人獲益良多，如可以增加心率，增強(qiáng)肌肉和力量，并能讓心肺功能增強(qiáng)。
1．burns　解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：游泳一小時(shí)幾乎和跑步一小時(shí)燃燒的卡路里一樣多。根據(jù)句意可知，此句陳述的是一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且此句主語(yǔ)為“An hour of swimming”，屬于第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用burns。
2．regularly　解析：考查副詞。句意：經(jīng)常游泳你將獲益良多?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)名詞“swimming”，故用其副詞形式。
3．the　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)空后的“biggest”可知，空處應(yīng)用定冠詞the。
4．stressing　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空前的介詞“without”可知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。此處是說(shuō)，游泳可以讓身體在不緊張的情況下提高心率。
5．strength　解析：考查名詞。此處是說(shuō)，游泳還可以增強(qiáng)肌肉和力量。根據(jù)空前的“your muscle”可知，空處用名詞形式。
6．Compared　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞compare之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示“與不活躍的人相比”，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式。
7．swimmers　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：與不活躍的人相比，游泳者只有大約一半的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為此句的主語(yǔ)，表示“游泳者”，故用其名詞形式；且swimmer為可數(shù)名詞，而此處表示群體，故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8．who/that　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為定語(yǔ)從句，空處應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞為persons，故用who/that引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。
9．a(chǎn)re injured　解析：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：如果你受傷或患某種疾病，在游泳前一定要咨詢醫(yī)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞injure之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
10．In　解析：考查固定搭配。in general為固定搭配，意為“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，通常”。句意：通常，無(wú)論何時(shí)在開始新的鍛煉項(xiàng)目之前，向醫(yī)生核實(shí)一下是一個(gè)好方法。

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