一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．graph n. 　　　　　　　 圖表；坐標(biāo)圖；曲線圖
2．renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的
3．phenomenon (復(fù)數(shù)－ena) n.
現(xiàn)象
4．fuel n. 燃料
5．catastrophe n. 大災(zāi)難；浩劫
6．data n. 資料；數(shù)據(jù)
7．drought n. 旱災(zāi)；干旱
8．individual n. 個(gè)人；個(gè)體
adj. 單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的
9．can n. 容器；罐頭
10．microwave n. 微波爐；微波
11．random adj. 胡亂的；任意的
12．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
13．commitment n. 承諾；交托；信奉
14．motor n. 　　　 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)
15．widespread adj. 分布廣的；普遍的
16．subscribe vi. 同意；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱
vt. 簽署(文件)；捐助
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．tend vi. 趨向；易于；照顧
vt. 照顧；護(hù)理
2．quantity n. 量；數(shù)量
3．glance vi. 看一下；掃視
n. 一瞥
4．a(chǎn)dvocate vt. 擁護(hù)；提倡；主張
5．mild adj. 溫和的；溫柔的；淡的
6．range n. 種類；范圍
7．tendency n. 傾向；趨勢(shì)
8．refresh vt. 使恢復(fù)；使振作
9．a(chǎn)verage adj. 平均的
10．pollution n. 污染；弄臟
11．circumstance n. 環(huán)境；情況
12．flood n. 洪水；水災(zāi)
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．oppose vt.反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量→opposed adj.反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的
2．educate v．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家→education n．教育
3．consequence n．結(jié)果；后果；影響→consequent adj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的→consequently adv.因此；所以
4．state vt.陳述；說(shuō)明→statement n．聲明；陳述；表達(dá)
5．steady adj.平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的→steadily adv.平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地
6．exist vi.存在→existing adj.目前的；現(xiàn)在的→existence n. 生存；存在
7．contribute v．貢獻(xiàn)；撰稿→contribution n．貢獻(xiàn)
8．consume vt.消費(fèi)；消耗；耗盡→consumer n．顧客
9．grow v．增長(zhǎng)；生長(zhǎng)→growth n．增長(zhǎng)；生長(zhǎng)
10．a(chǎn)gree vi.同意→disagree vi.不同意；意見(jiàn)不合→agreement n．同意；協(xié)議→disagreement n．分歧
11．electrical adj.電的；與電有關(guān)的→electricity n．電→electric adj.電的；電動(dòng)的→electronic adj.電子的

1.特別“不規(guī)則”的名詞復(fù)數(shù)小結(jié)
①datum→data　　　　　　　 數(shù)據(jù)
②medium→media 媒體
③bacterium→bacteria 細(xì)菌
④criterion→criteria 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
⑤phenomenon→phenomena 現(xiàn)象
2.與“災(zāi)難”有關(guān)的名詞集錦
①flood　　　　　　 洪災(zāi)
②drought　 旱災(zāi)
③disaster 災(zāi)難
④catastrophe　 大災(zāi)難
⑤earthquake　 地震
⑥tsunami　 海嘯
3.“環(huán)境，情況”名詞家族
①circumstance　 環(huán)境；情況
②environment 環(huán)境，自然環(huán)境
③surroundings　 (周圍的)環(huán)境/事物
④condition　 狀況，情況
⑤situation　 形勢(shì)，情況
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．come__about　　　　　　　　 發(fā)生；造成
2．subscribe__to　 同意；贊成；訂購(gòu)
3．quantities__of　 大量的
4．go__up　 上升；增長(zhǎng)；升起
5．result__in 導(dǎo)致
6．be__opposed__to　 反對(duì)……；與……對(duì)立
7．even__if　 即使
8．keep__on　 繼續(xù)
9．on__the__whole　 大體上；基本上
10．on__behalf__of　 代表……一方；作為……
的代言人
11．put__up__with 忍受；容忍
12．so__long__as　 只要
13．a(chǎn)nd__so__on 等等

1.“動(dòng)詞＋up with”短語(yǔ)集錦
①keep up with　　　　　　　 趕上
②catch up with 趕上
③end up with 以……結(jié)束
④come up with 提出
⑤put up with 忍受；容忍
⑥be fed up with 受夠了
2.“be＋v.－ed＋to”短語(yǔ)薈萃
①be opposed to　　　　　　　 反對(duì)；與……對(duì)立
②be attached to 附屬于
③be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于
④be addicted to 沉溺于
⑤be devoted to 奉獻(xiàn)
⑥be sentenced to 被判處
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用

句型公式
教材原句
句型1：There is no doubt that...毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……　
There__is__no__doubt__that the earth is becoming warmer...
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正在變暖……
句型2：even if/though意為“即使；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
Even__if__we__start__reducing__the__amount__of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我們開(kāi)始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在(未來(lái))幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。
句型3：so/as long as意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on__so__long__as__you__are__using__it — if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你就可以讓它開(kāi)著——如果不用，就把它關(guān)掉！
句型4：if not引導(dǎo)省略句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if__not,__turn__it__off! 　只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你就可以讓它開(kāi)著——如果不用，就把它關(guān)掉！

二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·北京卷語(yǔ)法填空)Earth Day，marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental(環(huán)境的) protection.
2．(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady(平穩(wěn)的), gradual increases in the length of the runs.
3．Many experts don’t advocate(提倡，主張) rewarding your child for good behaviour.
4．The average(平均的) temperature ranges between 23℃ and 39℃and 51% of the island is covered with forests.
5．The people who cannot quit smoking may easily be affected by his circumstances(情況) and surroundings.
6．Quantities(quantity) of money have been spent in bringing up the children since they were married.
7．(2019·江蘇卷)So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist)．
8．(2018·江蘇卷)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth(grow)．
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·北京卷七選五)Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 個(gè)人；個(gè)體
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀B)The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers. 消費(fèi)者
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ完形)I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts. 任意地；無(wú)目的地
4．(2017·江蘇卷)On the Internet, people can find more information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time－saving and economical.節(jié)約的；經(jīng)濟(jì)的
5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀D)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.隨便的；隨意的
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．There were a lot of disagreements among us on this issue at first，but finally we reached an agreement. (agree)
2．Thanks to the river chief system，the local rivers’ pollution has been stopped，and you cannot see any polluted water in this city.(pollute)
3．He has made steady progress in his study after he worked day and night steadily for nearly a few months. (steady)
4．They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter. (contribute)
5．Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts，but many young children believe there exists all kinds of ghosts in the world.How to solve this existing problem? (exist)
6．The storm tends to hit our city，and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)
7．The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity.Many consumers complain about this.(consume)
8．One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from the lung cancer. Consequently,__you and your family will suffer a lot. (consequent)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
as a consequence; lead to; on average; put up with; come about; under no circumstances; a range of; as long as
According to the statistics，1.on__average,__a person produces about 2 kilograms of garbage per day.The garbage pollution, which we can’t 2.put__up__with,__brings a lot of trouble to our life. Increasing pollution not only 3.leads__to serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet. 4.As__a__consequence,__let’s work together to oppose any form of destruction of the environment.
As you can see, our government has taken 5.a__range__of measures to protect and improve our living surroundings. As individuals, whatever 6.comes__about,__we must protect our environment. 7.As__long__as it is possible, we’d better live a low－carbon life. 8.Under__no__circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，完全依靠消費(fèi)排名是不明智的。
There__is__no__doubt__that__it__is__unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.
2．對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)要有寬容的心態(tài)，即使你不喜歡它們。
Be open－minded to different opinions even__if/though__you__don’t__like__them．
3．只要你不斷地練習(xí)，你就不會(huì)覺(jué)得剪紙困難。
You won’t find paper cutting difficult as/so__long__as__you__keep__practicing__it．
4．只要喜歡這份工作，你可以接受它。如果不喜歡，不要做這份工作。
It is OK to accept the job so/as long as you like it.If__not,__don’t do it.

quantity　n．量；數(shù)量；數(shù)目
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——對(duì)比填空
①As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has__covered(cover) the land.
②As a result of destroying the forests, large quantities of desert____have__covered(cover) the land.
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2018·天津卷書面表達(dá))我知道你曾經(jīng)參加過(guò)機(jī)器人大賽，并且獲了獎(jiǎng)，因此你肯定積累了大量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must__have__accumulated__a__large__quantity__of/large__quantities__of__experience．

a large/small quantity of 　　　　　 大/少量的
large quantities of 大量的
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的　
[佳句背誦] As far as I’m concerned, it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.
就我個(gè)人而言，重要的是質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)“a quantity of ＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；
(2)“quantities of ＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
oppose　vt.反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①However, many students and parents oppose separating(separate) students into science and art.
②The mayor is strongly opposed(oppose) to building a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))The senior students are strongly against being treated unfairly by others.
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))The senior students strongly oppose being treated unfairly by others.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))The senior students are strongly opposed__to being treated unfairly by others.

(1)oppose sth./doing sth. 反對(duì)(做)某事
(2)opposed adj. 反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的
be opposed to (one’s) doing sth.
反對(duì)(某人)做某事　
[佳句背誦] With a lot of people opposing it，the government had to postpone the new proposal.
由于許多人反對(duì)，政府不得不推遲這個(gè)新提議。
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] 表示“反對(duì)；不贊成”的表達(dá)還有：①disagree__with；②be__against；
③object__to；④hold__negative__attitudes__towards等。
consequence　n．結(jié)果；后果；影響
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①(2017·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))Consequently(consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
②Ten years ago, thousands of people lost their lives__as__a__consequence/result__of__the__big__earthquake(因那場(chǎng)大地震)．
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))As a result，I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games. (2017·天津卷書面表達(dá))
(高級(jí)表達(dá))As__a__consequence,__I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games.

(1)as a consequence/result 　 因此；結(jié)果
as a consequence/result of 由于……的緣故
(2)consequent adj. 隨之發(fā)生的；作為
結(jié)果的
consequently 因此；結(jié)果　
[佳句背誦] As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.
結(jié)果，孩子們變得太依賴父母，以至于他們沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的思想和創(chuàng)造性的想法。
range　n．種類；范圍；幅度；界限　v．(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)；變化；排列
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speed－limiting.
②(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, __ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))He has a number of interests. They range from playing chess to swimming.
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))He has a number of interests, which__range__from__playing__chess__to__swimming. (定語(yǔ)從句)
④(高級(jí)表達(dá)) He has a number of interests, ranging__from__playing__chess__to__swimming. (非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)a wide range of 一系列……
beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范圍外
within/in the range of 在射程以內(nèi)；在范圍內(nèi)
(2)range from...to... 在……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)；
range between...and... 在……和……范圍內(nèi)
變動(dòng)　
[佳句背誦] In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wide range of choices, such as travelling and visiting friends.
除了這些傳統(tǒng)的活動(dòng)，我們有廣泛的選擇，如旅行和拜訪朋友。(遼寧卷書面表達(dá))
average　adj.平均的；普通的；平常的　n．平均數(shù)；一般水準(zhǔn)　v．計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.
②(四川卷)The common cold is a good example: on average, women get fewer colds than men.
③I__averaged(average) out the price of meat in four neighbourhood stores and made a decision.
[能力提升]——微寫作
④(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))所有學(xué)生每周有兩節(jié)體育課，每天平均跑20分鐘。
All students have two PE classes a week and run for__an__average__of__20__minutes__every__day.

(1)an average of 平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)
(2)on (the) average 平均起來(lái)
above/below average 在平均水平以上/
以下
up to average 達(dá)到一般水準(zhǔn)
(3)average out 算出平均數(shù) 　
[佳句背誦] As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
隨著人口平均年齡的增長(zhǎng)，越來(lái)越多的老年人需要照顧。(天津卷)
circumstance　n．環(huán)境；情況
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子
①If__circumstances__allow/permit(如果情況允許), I will spare no effort to help you.
②In/Under__no__circumstances__did__I__expect(我絕沒(méi)有預(yù)料到) that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job. (倒裝)
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(陜西卷書面表達(dá))另外，懲罰絕不是一種能幫助他們?cè)诰窈蜕眢w方面健康成長(zhǎng)的明智的選擇。
Furthermore，in/under__no__circumstances__is__punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒裝)

in/under no circumstances　　　 決不
in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下
in/under any circumstances 在任何情況下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果情況允許 　
[佳句背誦] It might not be a perfect solution, but it’s the best I can do under/in the circumstances.
這也許不是一個(gè)完美的解決辦法，但這是在這種情況下我能做的最好的了。
result in　導(dǎo)致
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——對(duì)比填空(result in；result from；as a result；as a result of)
①There is more and more noise pollution. As__a__result,__many species are dying out.
②As__a__result__of more and more noise pollution, many species are dying out.
③More and more noise pollution has resulted__in many species dying out.
④The fact that many species are dying out results__from more and more noise pollution.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤由于缺乏社交而產(chǎn)生的誤解，如果處理不當(dāng)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。
Misunderstandings resulting__from__lack__of__social__communication,__if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.(分詞作定語(yǔ))

(1)result from　　　　 由……造成；
因……而產(chǎn)生
(2)as a result 結(jié)果
as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果
without result 沒(méi)有結(jié)果；白費(fèi)　
[佳句背誦] As a result, in order to enrich my social experience, I decided to apply for the job.　結(jié)果，為了豐富我的社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我決定申請(qǐng)這份工作。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)result in的主語(yǔ)是“起因”，賓語(yǔ)是“結(jié)果”；
(2)result from的主語(yǔ)是“結(jié)果”，賓語(yǔ)是“起因”；
(3)表示“導(dǎo)致”的詞匯還有cause, lead to, contribute to等?！?br /> put up with　容忍；忍受
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用put的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①(北京卷書面表達(dá))A week before Earth Day, posters were__put__up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
②A suggestion has been put__forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
③We are trying to put__aside some money every month for our vacation.　
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t stand/bear this loud noise any more.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t put__up__with/tolerate this loud noise any more.

put aside 　　　　 節(jié)省；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存
put away 收起來(lái)
put forward 提出建議；把……向前撥
put off 延期；推遲
put out 熄滅；撲滅
put up 提出；推薦；留某人住下　
[佳句背誦] In that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.　那樣，我們就不得不學(xué)會(huì)忍受他的一些缺點(diǎn)并努力試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

so/as long as意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
(教材P30)It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你就可以讓它開(kāi)著，如果不用，就把它關(guān)掉！
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子
①(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))You can write anything relevant as/so__long__as__it’s__interesting(只要有趣) and informative.
②A distant relative is not as__good__as(和……一樣好) a near neighbour.
③As__long__as__you__keep__studying__hard(只要你繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)), you can improve your maths.

(1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞短語(yǔ)：
in case　　　　　　　　 如果；萬(wàn)一
on condition that 只要
(2)as...as的其他短語(yǔ)：
as well as 也；和
as soon as 一……就……
as far as 就……而言；至于 　
[佳句背誦] As long as we have a strong will, we will be able to overcome any difficulty.
只要我們有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志，我們就能夠克服任何困難。

Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen steadily(steady) in recent years.
2．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students refreshed(refresh) and relaxed for a while.
3．The Qinghai－Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest plateau, averaging(average) over 4，000 metres above sea level.
4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence(consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.
5．Under these circumstances(circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.
6．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges(range) from transportation to water saving.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being__polluted(pollute), we must do something to protect them.
2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling(pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.
3．We should do our work well to make contributions(contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.
4．Animal activists advocate that the government (should)__set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
5．In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are(be) a major source of air pollution.
Ⅲ.易錯(cuò)誤用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulted in an increase in production.resulted→resulting
2．You may borrow the book as long as you will keep it clean.刪除will
3．It always take me three hours to finish my homework.take→takes
4．At present, a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquake－stricken area.are→is
5．As we all know, games play a very important role in the grow of children.grow→growth
Ⅳ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C)None of these seems to have much chance of survival.n.可能性
2．(2018·浙江卷6月完形)He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed. n．干勁；沖勁
3．(2018·浙江卷6月閱讀B)Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.n.薄膜
4．All the books dealing with how to learn English well are ranged on the shelf. vt.放置

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
According to the director’s 1.statement(state), the data of this graph makes a clear 2.presentation(present) of the future environmental 3.tendency(tend). The 4.growth(grow) of a wide range of pollution has been a global trend. The mildly but 5.steadily(steady) going up of the average temperature is resulting 6.in catastrophes. Without disagreement, the scientists all agree that it is humans’ 7.existence(exist) and their activities that make a 8.contribution(contribute) to this phenomenon.
(二)
1．Consuming(consume) too much energy has made a contribution to the global warming, which many scientists have 2.subscribed(subscribe) to. With the temperature 3.tending(tend) to increase continuously, we have been advocating 4.reducing(reduce) using energy. We all hope that the problem of the global warming will be coped with one day.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你校將舉辦城市環(huán)保宣傳活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：①垃圾現(xiàn)狀；②提出倡議。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①很榮幸代表我的班級(jí)在此發(fā)言。
It is a great honour for me to make__a__speech__here__on__behalf__of__my__class．
②我們幾乎每天能看見(jiàn)許多諸如塑料袋、果皮之類的垃圾漂浮在我校后面的河里。
Almost every day quantities__of__rubbish,__such as plastic bags and fruit peels can__be__seen__floating__on__the__river behind our school.
③毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是垃圾導(dǎo)致了河水的污染。
There__is__no__doubt__that__the__rubbish__contributes__to/results__in__the__pollution__of__the__river.
④即使我們強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性，很多人仍繼續(xù)扔垃圾。
Even__if__we__stress__the__importance of protecting the environment, many__people__still__keep__on__littering．
⑤我們無(wú)法容忍并強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這樣的行為。
We can hardly put__up__with__and__are__strongly__opposed__to__such__behaviour．
⑥只要我們致力于保護(hù)環(huán)境，世界就會(huì)變成一個(gè)更加美好的居住地。
As__long__as__we__can__make__contributions__to__protecting__the__environment,__the world will become a much better place to live in.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式升級(jí)句③
There__is__no__doubt__that__it__is__the__rubbish__that__contributes__to/results__in__the__pollution__of__the__river.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：on the whole, in my view)
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One possible version：
It is a great honour for me to make a speech here on behalf of my class.
Almost every day quantities of rubbish, such as plastic bags and fruit peels can be seen floating on the river behind our school. There is no doubt that it is the rubbish that contributes to/results in the pollution of the river. Even if we stress the importance of protecting the environment, many people still keep on littering. On the whole, we can hardly put up with and are strongly opposed to such behaviour.
In my view, as long as we can make contributions to protecting the environment, the world will become a much better place to live in.

(建議用時(shí)：40分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·長(zhǎng)沙四校一模)
A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.
More than 2，000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(棲息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight(困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.
“The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011，” said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year，” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said he’s been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客戶) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U．S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。氣候變暖導(dǎo)致海冰融化，北極熊登陸，為阿拉斯加的一個(gè)小村莊帶來(lái)了巨大的人氣，促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)發(fā)展，當(dāng)?shù)厝擞钟寐糜螛I(yè)的收入為北極熊提供積極的保護(hù)。
1．What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?
A．Food shortage.
B．Climate change.
C．Habitats’ movement to shore.
D．Their preference for land.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(棲息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.”可知，全球變暖加速了海冰融化，破壞了北極熊原本的棲息地，越來(lái)越多的北極熊待在陸地上以尋找食物。故選B。
2．How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?
A．Excited.　 B．Puzzled.
C．Concerned. D．Shocked.
C　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，隨著越來(lái)越多的北極熊出現(xiàn)在陸地上，研究人員、生物學(xué)家等也越來(lái)越多地關(guān)注北極熊所處的這一困境，隨后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大眾對(duì)更多北極熊登陸現(xiàn)象表示關(guān)注。故選C。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.
B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall”及“Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.”可知，大多數(shù)游客會(huì)選擇在秋季去Kaktovik游覽，而且很多游客會(huì)在這個(gè)小村莊待上幾天，而這個(gè)小村莊只有兩個(gè)小旅館，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅館很搶手。故選A。
4．Which saying can describe the text?
A．The fittest can survive.
B．After a storm comes a calm.
C．There is always opportunity in crisis.
D．Every coin has two sides.
D　解析：推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，因?yàn)槿驓夂蜃兣?，北極熊被迫登陸來(lái)尋找食物以生存下去，這本來(lái)是北極熊的困境，然而北極熊登陸卻促進(jìn)了一個(gè)小村莊旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，這對(duì)小村莊來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)機(jī)遇，同時(shí)，村民又利用旅游業(yè)的收入為北極熊提供更多保護(hù)。因此D項(xiàng)“事物都有兩面性”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
B
(2020·山西六校階段性測(cè)試)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了世界環(huán)境日的由來(lái)和情況，并呼吁全員行動(dòng)起來(lái)幫助保護(hù)地球。
5．Why is World Environment Day set up?
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界環(huán)境日的目的是鼓勵(lì)人們積極參與環(huán)境保護(hù)并多學(xué)會(huì)些方法來(lái)幫助確保地球?qū)?lái)的安全。故選B。
6．What do people do on World Environment Day?
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可以看出，人們主要是在這一天討論環(huán)境問(wèn)題。
7．Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in paragraph 3?
A．High-cost.　 B．Poor-quality.
C．Second-hand. D．Single-use.
D　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可以看出，2018年的主題是“塑戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q”，再結(jié)合畫線詞前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量資源浪費(fèi)，所以“一次性的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)。
8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
A　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，世界環(huán)境日不是公共節(jié)日，所以人們不放假。但如果你想慶祝的話，為何不讓你周圍的人關(guān)注它？所以最后一段主要是講每個(gè)人都可以從身邊小事做起，行動(dòng)起來(lái)保護(hù)地球，每個(gè)人的微小努力都很重要，故選A項(xiàng)。Doing is better than saying“行勝于言”；Many hands make light work“眾人拾柴火焰高”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart“有志者事竟成”。
【難句分析】　Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness.
分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾a host city，在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，followed by是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
譯文：每年聯(lián)合國(guó)都會(huì)選擇一個(gè)主題和主辦城市，在那里任何關(guān)心環(huán)境的人都可以與別人談?wù)摥h(huán)境話題，之后還有不同種類的展品展出以提高(人們的)環(huán)保意識(shí)。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·安徽百所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)模擬)I used to watch Gogglebox when Caroline narrated(解說(shuō)) it, partly because we were great friends, but also because I loved the programme. In November 2013, when she was __1__ ill with cancer, Caroline asked me if I’d narrate Gogglebox when she wasn’t __2__ to it. Certainly I said yes. Caroline was well and then unwell, so I __3__ whenever she needed me to.
When Caroline __4__ in July 2016, I took over narrating __5__. She will of course be in my life forever, __6__ it was heartbreaking for me to go into the small __7__ in Manchester at 8 am every Friday morning to __8__ the narration. That was because I knew Caroline used to sit in the __9__ room. Now that time has passed, going there is a __10__ moment because I feel Caroline is with me again.
I was new to narration—I’d had little __11__ about it before. When I first narrated Gogglebox, the team was __12__ me during the whole process. Later I got to know the __13__ and cast of Gogglebox, and they’re all unique and great. I expect to __14__ my narrating and see them every week.
Gogglebox is so great that it can make you __15__ —I’ve been in tears loads of times—but it’s also really warm and __16__， for something in it can always lift your spirits. When Gogglebox is __17__， I watch it on TV like everybody else. I can __18__ my narration as a fan and forget about my __19__ in it. I’m not only viewing the __20__， but also recalling(回憶) the unforgettable past Caroline and I had together again.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己做Gogglebox節(jié)目解說(shuō)人的經(jīng)歷。因?yàn)閷?duì)該節(jié)目的喜愛(ài)以及好友Caroline是節(jié)目解說(shuō)人，在Caroline身患癌癥的時(shí)候，作者曾給Caroline代班，由此開(kāi)啟了作者的解說(shuō)之路。
1．A.actually　　 B．secretly
C．exactly D．seriously
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“with cancer”和作者對(duì)Caroline的回憶可判斷，Caroline身患重病——癌癥，故用seriously。
2．A.equal B．close
C．related D．used
A　解析：因?yàn)镃aroline身患癌癥而不能勝任這份工作了，她問(wèn)作者是否愿意解說(shuō)Gogglebox。be equal to sth.“能勝任某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。be close to“接近……”；be related to“與……有關(guān)”；be used to“習(xí)慣于……”。
3．A.gave in B．filled in
C．took down D．calmed down
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“whenever she needed me to”可知，只要需要，作者都會(huì)去填補(bǔ)空缺，故用filled in。give in“屈服”，take down“取下”，calm down“平靜”，均不符合語(yǔ)境。
4．A.passed away B．turned up
C．left off D．pulled through
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I took over”“She will of course be in my life forever” “I feel Caroline is with me again”可知，Caroline去世了。pass away“去世，亡故”；turn up“到達(dá)，出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高”；leave off“停止，中斷”；pull through“渡過(guò)難關(guān)”。
5．A.rules B．plans
C．duties D．traditions
C　解析：由于Caroline去世，作者接替了解說(shuō)的職責(zé)，故用duties。
6．A.but B．then
C．so D．even
A　解析：上文中的“She will of course be in my life forever”與下文中的“it was heartbreaking for me to go into”存在語(yǔ)意和邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。
7．A.stop B．studio
C．position D．path
B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文中的“room”可分析，此處表示每周五早上8點(diǎn)走進(jìn)這間小演播室(studio)錄制(record)節(jié)目解說(shuō)讓作者心碎。
8．A.ignore B．judge
C．record D．consider
C　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。record“錄制，錄(音)，錄(像)”，符合語(yǔ)境。ignore“忽視”；judge“判斷，斷定”；consider“仔細(xì)考慮”。
9．A.next B．other
C．same D．opposite
C　解析：前面提到了作者接替了Caroline的工作，并且走進(jìn)這間小演播室錄制節(jié)目解說(shuō)讓作者心碎，因?yàn)樽髡咧繡aroline曾坐在這間房子里。故用same。
10．A.tough B．regular
C．stressful D．wonderful
D　解析：上文中的“Now that time has passed”和下文中的“because I feel Caroline is with me again”說(shuō)明，那樣的時(shí)期已經(jīng)過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在走進(jìn)演播室是一個(gè)美妙的時(shí)刻，故用wonderful。
11．A.concern B．doubt
C．expectation D．knowledge
D　解析：作者在解說(shuō)方面是新手，她之前在這方面知之甚少。have little knowledge about/of“對(duì)……知道很少”。
12．A.forcing B．forbidding
C．guiding D．questioning
C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者在解說(shuō)方面是新手，因此在作者第一次做解說(shuō)時(shí)，Gogglebox制作團(tuán)隊(duì)全程指導(dǎo)她。guide“指導(dǎo)”，符合語(yǔ)境。force“強(qiáng)迫”；forbid“阻止，禁止”；question“質(zhì)詢，懷疑”。
13．A.crew B．family
C．class D．a(chǎn)udience
A　解析：后來(lái)作者認(rèn)識(shí)了Gogglebox的工作人員(crew)和演員，每個(gè)人都很特別并且很棒，作者每周都期待開(kāi)始(start)解說(shuō)錄制和見(jiàn)到他們。
14．A.change B．start
C．complete D．end
B　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
15．A.nod B．excite
C．shock D．cry
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I’ve been in tears loads of times”可知，它會(huì)讓你哭泣，故用cry。
16．A.moving B．disappointing
C．inspiring D．challenging
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“for something in it can always lift your spirits”可知，它也是鼓舞人心的。inspiring“鼓舞人心的，激勵(lì)的，啟發(fā)靈感的”符合語(yǔ)境。
17．A.on the move B．on the air
C．on the turn D．on the march
B　解析：當(dāng)Gogglebox播出時(shí)，作者像其他人一樣在電視上觀看。on the air“正在播送(電視、廣播)”。
18．A.enjoy B．a(chǎn)ct
C．produce D．improve
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“as a fan and forget about my ______ in it”可知，作者像一名粉絲一樣去欣賞自己的解說(shuō)。故用enjoy。
19．A.worry B．part
C．interest D．dream
B　解析：此處指作者會(huì)忘記自己參與其中。
20．A.office B．trip
C．story D．show
D　解析：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境分析，此處表示作者不僅是在看這個(gè)節(jié)目，也是在回憶自己和好友Caroline共度的難忘往事。故用show指代Gogglebox這個(gè)節(jié)目。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
(2020·貴陽(yáng)高三摸底)
Dear Jack，
I’m glad to learn that you are interesting in the students’ reading in your school. We have a grand library on a collection of 200，000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in that we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is freely to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is holding for students exchange their ideas about reading. Every autumn we had a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished writer are invited.
In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and a progress both in China and abroad.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Jack，
I’m glad to learn that you are in the students’ reading in school. We have a grand library a collection of 200，000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is for students exchange their ideas about reading. Every autumn we a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished are invited.
In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and progress both in China and abroad.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
①interesting改為interested?？疾樾稳菰~。“對(duì)……感興趣”應(yīng)用be interested in來(lái)表達(dá)，故此處應(yīng)將interesting改為interested。
②your改為our?？疾榇~。根據(jù)下文中的“We have a grand library”可知，此處表示“在我們學(xué)?！保室胦ur。
③on改為with/of?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾library，表示該圖書館具備什么樣的特征，或以什么樣的形態(tài)存在，故此處應(yīng)用with或of，表示該圖書館有20萬(wàn)冊(cè)藏書和5個(gè)大閱覽室。
④that改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞后面不能用that，要用which或whom；本定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為reading rooms，故要用“in which”引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。
⑤freely改為free?？疾樾稳菰~。本句中的“fond of reading”為形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾Anyone，故要用形容詞free作表語(yǔ)和is共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分。
⑥holding改為held?？疾閯?dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。A monthly activity“每月的活動(dòng)”是“被舉行”的，故要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)is held，故將helding改為held。
⑦在exchange前加to?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示每月為學(xué)生舉行的活動(dòng)是為了讓他們交流關(guān)于閱讀的想法。
⑧had改為have?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?！癊very autumn(每個(gè)秋天)”作本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)部分要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
⑨writer改為writers?？疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的“are invited”可知，此處的作家不止一人，故要用名詞writer的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
⑩刪除progress前的a?？疾楣谠~。progress意為“進(jìn)步”，為不可數(shù)名詞，故其前不能用不定冠詞。


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