一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．mean adj.　　　　　　　 　 吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的
2．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
3．easy-going adj. 隨和的；溫和寬容的
4．invader n. 侵略者
5．republic n. 共和國(guó)；共和政體
6．principle n. 法則；原則；原理
7．relative n. 親戚；親屬
8．mankind n. 人類
9．lawyer n. 律師
10．fee n. 費(fèi)(會(huì)費(fèi)、學(xué)費(fèi)等)；酬金
11．quote n. 引用語(yǔ)；語(yǔ)錄
12．release vt. 釋放；發(fā)行
13．blanket n. 毛毯；毯子
14．terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖時(shí)
期；恐怖活動(dòng)
15．principle n. 法則；原則；原理
16．league n. 同盟；聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合會(huì)
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)
2．beg vi. 請(qǐng)求；乞求
3．stage n. 舞臺(tái)；階段；時(shí)期
4．opinion n. 意見(jiàn)；看法；主張
5．reward n. 報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金
vt. 酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞
6．found vt. 建立；建設(shè)
7．a(chǎn)ttack vt. 進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊
8．escape vi.& vt. 逃脫；逃走；避開
9．vote vt.& vi. 投票；選舉
n. 投票；選票；表決
10．youth n. 青年；青年時(shí)期
11．sentence vt. 判決；宣判
12.__president n. 總統(tǒng)；會(huì)長(zhǎng)；校長(zhǎng)；行長(zhǎng)
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．guide vt.指導(dǎo)→guidance n．指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
2．violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n．暴力；暴行
3．cruel adj.殘忍的；殘酷的→cruelty n．殘忍；殘酷
4．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等
5．a(chǎn)ctive adj.積極的；活躍的→actively adv.積極地；活躍地→activity n．活動(dòng)
6．devote vt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；專心于→devotion n．奉獻(xiàn)；獻(xiàn)身；忠誠(chéng)→devoted adj.忠實(shí)的；深愛(ài)的
7．educate vt.教育；訓(xùn)練→educated adj.受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→education n．教育→educator n．教育者
8．peace n．和平；平靜；和睦→peaceful adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→peacefully adv.和平地；平靜地
9．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.無(wú)私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.無(wú)私地；忘我地
10．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反義詞)非法的，違法的
11．fair adj.公正的；公平的→unfair adj.(反義詞)不公正的；不公平的
12．willing adj.樂(lè)意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.(反義詞)不情愿的；不樂(lè)意的
13．hope v．希望；期待 n．希望；期望→hopeless adj.絕望的→hopeful adj.懷有希望的；有希望的→hopefully adv.有希望地；有前途地

1.表示“人物特點(diǎn)”的形容詞全掃描
①generous　　　　　 慷慨的
②mean 吝嗇的
③devoted 忠實(shí)的
④easy-going 隨和的
⑤warm-hearted 熱心腸的
⑥enthusiastic 充滿熱情的
2.“n.＋-ful→adj.”薈萃
①peace→peaceful　　　　 和平的
②pain→painful 痛苦的
③harm→harmful 有害的
④power→powerful 強(qiáng)大的
⑤meaning→meaningful 有意義的
⑥cheer→cheerful 歡樂(lè)的
3.百年大計(jì)，“教育”為本
①educate vt.　　　 教育；訓(xùn)練
②education n. 教育
③instruct vt. 指導(dǎo)；教授
④drill v. 訓(xùn)練；練習(xí)
⑤train vt. 訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)
⑥bring up 養(yǎng)育；教育
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．out__of__work　　　　　　　　 失業(yè)
2．a(chǎn)s__a__matter__of__fact 事實(shí)上
3．blow__up 使充氣；爆炸
4．in__trouble 在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、
憂慮等的處境中
5．turn__to 求助于；致力于
6．lose__heart 喪失勇氣或信心
7．come__to__power 當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)
8．set__up 設(shè)立；建立
9．be__sentenced__to 被判處……(徒刑)
10．be__willing__to__do__sth. 愿意做某事
11． fight__for 為……而戰(zhàn)
12．in__one’s__opinion/view 在某人看來(lái)

1.“out of ＋n.”短語(yǔ)集錦
①out of work　　　　　　 失業(yè)
②out of control 失控
③out of mind 心不在焉
④out of order 有毛病；出故障
⑤out of sight 看不見(jiàn)
2.“in＋n.”短語(yǔ)面面觀
①in trouble　　　　　　　　　 在危險(xiǎn)、受罰等處境中
②in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中
③in return 作為回報(bào)
④in vain 徒勞地
⑤in order 井然有序
⑥in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?br /> (三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：this is/was a time when...這是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期
However, this__was__a__time__when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
然而在那個(gè)時(shí)候，一個(gè)人要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不可。
句型2：擬人修辭法；where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示抽象概念的名詞
The__last__thirty__years__have__seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a__stage__where we have almost no rights at all.　過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。
句型3：only修飾狀語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝
...only__then__did__we__decide to answer violence with violence.
……只有到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。
句型4：the first time 意為“第一次……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
I felt bad the__first__time__I__talked__to__a__group.
第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)， 我的心情很不好。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．Glad to learn that you are coming to China for a visit, I am willing(樂(lè)意的) to recommend some historic sites that may interest you.
2．(2019·江蘇卷)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence(暴力) far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(質(zhì)量)．
4．Thanks to your generous(慷慨的) help, I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture.
5．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your guidance(guide) and encouragement.
6．In terms of this matter，I’d like to listen to other different opinions(opinion)．
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·北京卷七選五)Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.原則
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D)I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.刻薄的
3．(2019·江蘇卷任務(wù)型閱讀)The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.相對(duì)地
4．(安徽卷閱讀D)Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs.無(wú)私的
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to the education cause.(devote)
2．All men are born equal,__so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)
3．On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education．(educate)
4．As far as I’m concerned, it does serious harm to children’s character that too much violence is shown on television.What’s worse, violence on TV makes people behave violently．(violent)
5．Everyone likes to live in peace,__but it seems that the world is always not peaceful．(peace)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
lose heart; set up; be sentenced to; come to power; devote one’s life to; fight for; blow up; in trouble
Nelson Mandela 1.devoted__his__life__to realizing the dream that people with different colors should be equal. He worked as an educated lawyer to offer legal guidance to the poor black people 2.in__trouble or out of work. He 3.set__up a law office to offer guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He believed that all people are born equal and should be treated equally, so every one shouldn’t 4.lose__heart. One day, one of his supporters helped him 5.blow__up the government buildings to 6.fight__for their rights. In 1962, he 7.was__sentenced__to prison for life on Robben Island until 1990.With his continuous efforts he 8.came__to__power__as president in 1994. Also he was rewarded with the Nobel Peace Prize.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．我們到了這樣一個(gè)階段：為了挽救我們自己，我們必須采取有效措施來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境。
We have__reached__a__stage__where we must take effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves.
2．過(guò)去七十年我們國(guó)家已經(jīng)在很多領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
The last seventy years have__seen__great__changes in many fields in our country.
3．這是一個(gè)我們中國(guó)人既有許多挑戰(zhàn)又有機(jī)遇的時(shí)期。
This__is__a__time__when we Chinese have both a great many challenges and opportunities.
4．第一次比賽失敗，我們都感到很沮喪，因?yàn)槲覀兌既硇牡貫榇俗隽顺浞譁?zhǔn)備。
The__first__time__we__lost__the__match,__we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.
5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))只有你來(lái)中國(guó)的時(shí)候你才能體驗(yàn)中國(guó)的飲食文化。
Only when you come to China can__you__experience__Chinese__food__culture．


devote　vt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；專心于
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文寫作)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and writing skills.
②We have learned a great deal from her devotion(devote) to her work and her willingness to help others.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
他致力于社區(qū)活動(dòng)，被周圍的人贊美。(devote)
③(普通表達(dá))He devoted__himself__to community activities and was praised by the people around.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Devoting__himself__to community activities, he was praised by the people around.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Devoted__to community activities, he was praised by the people around.(過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)devote...to...　　 把……奉獻(xiàn)給……；專注于……
devote oneself to 致力于；獻(xiàn)身于
(2)devoted adj. 忠實(shí)的；深愛(ài)的
be devoted to 專心于；致力于
(3)devotion n. 奉獻(xiàn)；獻(xiàn)身；忠誠(chéng)　
[佳句背誦] With the college entrance examination approaching, you must devote your attention to your study.
隨著高考的臨近，你必須將注意力投入到學(xué)習(xí)中。
[名師點(diǎn)津] devote...to...中的to是介詞，其后常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。to為介詞的短語(yǔ)還有：adapt...to...；addict...to...；adjust...to...；apply...to...；attach...to...
equal　v．等于；抵得上　adj.相等的；平等的；勝任的　n．同等的人；相等的物
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work, so I can’t hire him.
②(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Your personal circumstances are equally(equal) important.
③In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have__no__equal(無(wú)人可比)．
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))盡管年輕，但我勝任這個(gè)志愿者工作。
④Young as I am, I am__equal__to__the__volunteer__work．(equal)
⑤Although I am young, I am__fit__for__the__volunteer__work．(fit)
⑥Young as I am, I am__qualified__for__the__volunteer__work．(qualified)

(1)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于/勝任(做)某事
A equal(s) B in... A在……方面比得
上B/與B相匹敵
have no equal 無(wú)人可比，無(wú)可匹敵
(2)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地　
[佳句背誦] You should be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health.　你應(yīng)該積極向上和開心，因?yàn)槟愕男睦斫】岛蜕眢w健康同等重要。
escape　vi.& vt.逃脫；逃走；避開　n．逃跑；逃走
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/猜測(cè)加黑詞的含義
①He narrowly escaped being__killed(kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
②Compared with the escaped(escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.
③It was owing to my ignorance that his name escaped me.被遺忘
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))The woman managed to escape__from__the__fire(逃離火災(zāi)) with her baby.She was extremely terrified and exhausted.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))The woman managed to escape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,__extremely__terrified__and__exhausted. (形容詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)escape (doing) sth.　 　　 逃避(做)某事
escape from... 從……逃脫；逃避
escape one’s attention/notice 逃過(guò)某人的注意
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生
(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了的　
[佳句背誦] Last year I had a narrow escape，so I don’t want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危險(xiǎn)了。
[名師點(diǎn)津] “不一樣的”忘記，遺忘：
(1)sth. escapes(s) sb.　　　　 某人遺忘某事
(2)sb. forget(s) sth. 某人忘記某事
reward　n．報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金　vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was__rewarded(reward) with a beautiful view.
②(2018·北京卷)Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我樂(lè)意帶你游玩北京以報(bào)答你的慷慨相助。(reward)
③I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing in__reward__for__your__generous__help．
④I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing as__a__reward__for__your__generous__help．

(1)as a reward for　 作為(對(duì)某事的)報(bào)酬/獎(jiǎng)賞
in reward for 為酬謝……；作為……的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)
(2)reward sb.for sth. 因某事而獎(jiǎng)賞某人
reward sb.with sth. 用某物回報(bào)某人
be rewarded with 得到……獎(jiǎng)賞
(3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意義的　
[佳句背誦] The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.　這些學(xué)生們一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力最終會(huì)得到回報(bào)。
in trouble　在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中；有麻煩
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
②(2018·天津卷)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering(answer) these questions.
③Thanks for the trouble you have taken to__help (help) us.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④眾所周知，如果我們陷入困境，是朋友而不是手機(jī)可以真正地幫助我們擺脫困境。
As is known to us all, if__we__are__in__trouble,__it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.

ask for trouble　 自找麻煩；自討苦吃
get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻煩
have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.
在(做)某事方面有困難/麻煩
take the trouble to do sth.
不辭辛苦做某事　
[佳句背誦] He is a loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her not to lose heart when she was in trouble.
他是一位慈愛(ài)的父親，他嚴(yán)格要求女兒，鼓勵(lì)她處境困難時(shí)不要灰心喪氣。(2017·天津卷)
turn to　求助于；致力于；開始從事；翻到(書的某頁(yè))；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中turn to的含義
①(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.求助于
②After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.開始從事
③You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查閱
④Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.轉(zhuǎn)向
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
⑤(普通表達(dá))When you are in trouble, you can ask me for help.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))When you are in trouble, you can turn__to me for help.

turn down　　　　 關(guān)??；拒絕
turn away 避開；解雇；不準(zhǔn)……入內(nèi)
turn up 出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大
turn out 證明是；結(jié)果是；趕走；生產(chǎn)
turn over 打翻；翻身；移交　
[佳句背誦] ①M(fèi)uch to our surprise, the video turned out to be well received.　使我們非常吃驚的是視頻結(jié)果是受到好評(píng)。(2017·北京卷書面表達(dá))
②With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
在這種可怕的情況下沒(méi)有人可以求助，她感到很無(wú)助。
lose heart　喪失勇氣或信心；灰心；泄氣
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用heart的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①Our Party was founded in 1921, since when she has been serving the people heart__and__soul．
②As little boys and girls have a very good memory，they can learn a lot of English words by__heart．
③As an old saying goes，“Nothing is too hard if you put__your__heart__into it.”
[能力提升]——完成句子
④無(wú)論我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅蕉啻蟮奶魬?zhàn)，我們都不應(yīng)該失去信心。
Whatever great challenges we meet in our daily life，we__should__not__lose__heart．

(1)put one’s heart into　　　　 一心撲在……上
learn sth.by heart 背誦；牢記……
strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨銘心
(2)heart and soul 全心全意地
[佳句背誦] John studies very hard and never loses heart in face of difficulties.
約翰學(xué)習(xí)很努力，面對(duì)困難從來(lái)不灰心喪氣。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
lose one’s heart to愛(ài)上

擬人修辭法；where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示抽象概念的名詞
(教材P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))The tea house witnessed(witness) a really enjoyable time.
②(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
③It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where/in__which__beginners__of__English__fail__to__use__the__language__properly. (定語(yǔ)從句)

(1)see, witness常以表示時(shí)代、年代、世紀(jì)或地點(diǎn)的名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示某時(shí)或某地“目睹、發(fā)生、經(jīng)歷”了某事。
(2)當(dāng)先行詞是stage, point, case, situation, position, job, business, scene等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，并且定語(yǔ)從句缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于in which?！?
[佳句背誦] ①The last thirty years have witnessed a large number of laws guaranteeing our rights.
過(guò)去的三十年目睹了許多法律保證我們的權(quán)利。
②Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.
現(xiàn)在他們的和平會(huì)談到了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵階段，雙方彼此必須相互妥協(xié)。
only修飾狀語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝
(教材P34)．..only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
……只有到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子
①Only then did__I__realize(我才意識(shí)到) that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
②(普通表達(dá))I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my job-seeking.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Only when I had another failure in my job-seeking did__I__realize__knowledge__is__valuable．(倒裝)

only置于句首修飾狀語(yǔ)(通常是副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句等)時(shí)，句子需要部分倒裝?！?
[佳句背誦] Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.
只有當(dāng)我在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)時(shí)我才意識(shí)到精通英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的重要性。(2018·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文寫作)
[名師點(diǎn)津] only置于句首修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)不用倒裝。
the first time意為“第一次……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
(教材P38)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)，我的心情很不好。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子
①(浙江卷)Every__time__he__arrived__home(每次他回到家) at the end of the day, we’d greet him at the door.
②(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The__first__time__I__went__there(我第一次去那里時(shí)), they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.
③(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the__last__time__you__visited__our__school(你上次來(lái)我們學(xué)校的時(shí)候)．
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我第一次在會(huì)議廳演講時(shí)非常緊張。
④I was very nervous the__first__time I gave a speech in the meeting hall.
⑤I was very nervous when I gave a speech for__the__first__time in the meeting hall.

(1)each/every time　　　 每次……的時(shí)候
next time 下次……時(shí)
the last time 上次……時(shí)
(2) 　
[佳句背誦] I still remember that the first time we met at school, you were reading in the classroom.
我仍舊記得我們?cè)趯W(xué)校第一次見(jiàn)面時(shí)，你正在教室里讀書。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)the first time表示“第一次”，在句中可作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，還可以用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；
(2)for the first time表示“第一次”，獨(dú)立作狀語(yǔ)，不引導(dǎo)從句。


Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2019·北京卷)For many students，Wilson’s help is not only appreciated，it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education(educate)．
2．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Our school has__witnessed(witness) great changes in the last few years.
3．(2020·青島適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Maggie thought it was unfair(fair) that women were not allowed to receive education.
4．So far, a committee has__been__set(set) up to organize social events in the college.
5．Under the guidance(guide) of the teacher, students can engage themselves in extensive reading and research.
6．Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．In my view, she is injured so that she is not equal to making(make) a long journey.
2．Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty adapting to new surroundings.
3．He is a man who is active in social activities, and he is willing to__do(do) public service work now and then.
4．My father is a tall, handsome, and successful man who devotes(devote) all his time to his work and our family.
5．Mandela was sentenced to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws.
Ⅲ.易錯(cuò)誤用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．He often lent me a hand when I was in trouble，to which I was grateful.to→for
2．As far as I know，he has been out of the work for several months.刪除the
3．I fell in love with the city for the first time I visited it.刪除for
4．Hopeful, I’ll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.Hopeful→Hopefully
5．This position is equal suitable for a school-leaver or for somebody who has work experience.equal→equally
Ⅳ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.n.休息；解脫
2．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.vt.被遺忘
3．Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.vt.等于；抵得上

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his 1.devotion(devote) to the research.As for his daily life, he was 2.in great trouble. For example, only when he turned 3.to the computer was it possible for him to speak, read and write.However, he devoted 4.himself(he) to the study of science and his contributions to the world had no equal.
(二)
We have reached a stage 1.where we must take effective measures to protect the environment from going bad to worse.Now, anyone who does harm to our environment won’t escape 2.being__punished(punish)．And the past few months 3.have__witnessed(witness) changes in the environment.The air quality, 4.as is shown in the report, has improved gradually.
(三)
Whenever I am in trouble, I turn to my English teacher 1.for help.He is very generous 2.with his time, for which I am very grateful.In his opinion, only when one doesn’t lose heart and be 3.hopeful(hope) about the future can he achieve great success.Thanks to his 4.selfless(self) help and encouragement, the last two years have seen my progress both academically and mentally.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)歷史很感興趣，并請(qǐng)你介紹一位你喜歡的中國(guó)歷史人物。請(qǐng)你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：①該人物是誰(shuí)；②該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)；③該人物對(duì)你的影響。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①我第一次讀到關(guān)于張衡的文章，就被感動(dòng)了，他是中國(guó)古代一個(gè)偉大的天文學(xué)家和發(fā)明家。(定語(yǔ)從句)
The first time I read about Zhang Heng, who__was__a__great__astronomer__and__inventor__in__ancient__China,__I was touched.
②他一生致力于科學(xué)研究和發(fā)明，包括著名的地震儀。
During his life time, he__devoted__himself__to__scientific__research__and__inventions,__including the famous seismograph.
③事實(shí)上，他第一次介紹地震儀時(shí)被嘲笑了。
As__a__matter__of__fact,__he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph.
④他從未失去信心并繼續(xù)研究。
He__never__lost__heart__but__went__on__with__his__research.
⑤他深信只有他相信自己時(shí)，他才能勝任做任何事情。
He was convinced that he__was__equal__to__doing__anything only when he believed in himself.
⑥他對(duì)科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)是無(wú)法回報(bào)的。
Nothing could reward__his__contributions__to__science．
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用倒裝句升級(jí)句⑤
He__was__convinced__that__only__when__he__believed__in__himself__was__he__equal__to__doing__anything.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：however, above all, in my opinion)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Jim，
The first time I read about Zhang Heng, who was a great astronomer and inventor in ancient China, I was touched.
During his life time, he devoted himself to scientific research and inventions, including the famous seismograph. As a matter of fact, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph. However, he never lost heart but went on with his research. Above all, he was convinced that only when he believed in himself was he equal to doing anything. In my opinion, nothing could reward his contributions to science.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·湖北四地七校聯(lián)考)British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity on Chinese social media. His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months. Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The 60-year-old always wears a white lab coat, a pair of safety goggles(護(hù)目鏡), and smiles often. Some web users say he looks just like “the Grandpa of KFC”．
Evans has posted videos of various experiments. His most popular experiments have attracted millions of hits on video-sharing apps. Excited children’s cheers and shouts can be heard in his videos.“I hope my experiments can arouse people’s interest in science，” he says.
Evans has been interested in China since childhood. In the early 1970s, before the reform and opening-up, he viewed China as “a country full of mysteries”. He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He quit his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in 1996. Many of his friends thought he was crazy. But Evans said they just saw China’s challenges but not its potential.
Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science. He learned short-video apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas. And he realized this enables him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun experiments. But even a one-minute video requires a considerable amount of work. Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.
His experiments always fill schools’ lecture halls with laughter. Some viewers call him “a Harry Potter-like magician”， but he disagrees.“A magician never tells the secrets behind his tricks, but a scientist always gives an explanation.” He sees himself as a teacher. He performs experiments to spread knowledge, inspire thinking, remove misunderstandings and show that science can create change. Evans says he looks forward to more “chemical reactions” with China.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　文章介紹了一位移居中國(guó)的英國(guó)化學(xué)家戴維·埃文斯在中國(guó)通過(guò)短視頻普及科學(xué)知識(shí)的事跡。
1．Who is David Evans according to the passage?
A．A manager of KFC.　　　 B．A film celebrity.
C．A chemistry teacher. D．A British magician.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology.”可知，埃文斯是北京化工大學(xué)的一名化學(xué)教授，故選C項(xiàng)。
2．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Evans considered the U．K. to be a country full of mysteries.
B．Evans first visited the Chinese mainland in the 1970s.
C．Evans was in no mood to move to Beijing.
D．Evans attended a chemistry conference in China in 1987.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.”可知，埃文斯第一次訪問(wèn)中國(guó)大陸是在1987年，當(dāng)時(shí)他去江蘇省南京市參加了一個(gè)化學(xué)會(huì)議，故選D項(xiàng)。
3．Why did Evans begin to post videos of experiments on the Internet?
A．To popularize science.
B．To rise to fame.
C．To apply short-video apps.
D．To make a fortune.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.”可知，盡管制作一個(gè)一分鐘的視頻都需要相當(dāng)大的工作量，埃文斯仍然認(rèn)為履行推廣科學(xué)的責(zé)任是值得的，故選A項(xiàng)。
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Evans knows exactly how a magic works.
B．Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China.
C．Evans’ students like to interrupt his experiments with laughter.
D．Evans’ friends admired his decision to move to China.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“Evans says he looks forward to more ‘chemical reactions’ with China.”可知，埃文斯期待與中國(guó)進(jìn)行更多的“化學(xué)反應(yīng)”，故可推斷出埃文斯將繼續(xù)在中國(guó)發(fā)布實(shí)驗(yàn)視頻，故選B項(xiàng)。
B
(2020·成都畢業(yè)班摸底)Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.
Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(承認(rèn)) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social__reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual and necessary hard work. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?
In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this：163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(承諾) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)需要做一些工作，試驗(yàn)表明，在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)之前就告訴別人你的目標(biāo)并得到別人的認(rèn)可，則有可能使你感到滿意，陷入目標(biāo)已完成的錯(cuò)覺(jué)，從而動(dòng)力減少，不能很好地去工作。而在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)之前沒(méi)有說(shuō)出目標(biāo)則會(huì)使你工作更努力。
5．What do the words “social reality” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Completion of the goal.
B．Necessary hard work.
C．People’s acknowledgement.
D．A sense of satisfaction.
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞組后一句“The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it’s already done.”并結(jié)合畫線詞組所在句可推知，social reality在此處意為“目標(biāo)的完成”。
6．What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?
A．Writing down the goal is very helpful.
B．Achieving personal goal needs more time.
C．Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.
D．Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Finally those who kept their mouths shut...to achieving their goal.”可知，Peter Gollwitzer想告訴我們：沒(méi)有說(shuō)出目標(biāo)的人工作時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，工作更努力。
7．How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people’s goal?
A．By giving figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making a survey.
D．By making comparison tests.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，Peter Gollwitzer把所測(cè)試的對(duì)象分成兩部分，一半說(shuō)出自己的目標(biāo)，一半沒(méi)有說(shuō)出目標(biāo)，每個(gè)人都給了45分鐘，他們可以隨時(shí)停止。試驗(yàn)表明，沒(méi)有說(shuō)出目標(biāo)的人平均工作了45分鐘，而說(shuō)出目標(biāo)的人平均工作了33分鐘。由此可知，Peter Gollwitzer是通過(guò)進(jìn)行比較測(cè)試來(lái)證明他的觀點(diǎn)的，故選D。
8．What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?
A．You will be more confident.
B．You will not gain satisfaction.
C．You are less likely to realize it.
D．You’ll be much more motivated.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句中的“because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it”可推知，如果你把目標(biāo)告訴你的朋友，你就不太可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，故選C。
【難句分析】　Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal.
分析：本句主句主語(yǔ)是those，謂語(yǔ)是worked, said。who kept their mouths shut是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those; when asked afterwards是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式；they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal是省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句，作said的賓語(yǔ)。
譯文：最終，那些保持沉默的人平均工作了整整45分鐘，當(dāng)后來(lái)被問(wèn)到時(shí)，他們說(shuō)他們覺(jué)得要實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·陜西部分學(xué)校摸底)As we all know, health is more important than wealth. Almost all the people value health most.1.________ There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise on a regular basis.
2．________Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Instead, take in plenty of foods high in protein(蛋白質(zhì)), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of character. Be sure to allow yourself seven to nine hours of sleep each night.3.________
Finally, get plenty of exercise. 4.________ It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably live longer. 5.________ Basketball, swimming, bicycling, running are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting.
If you follow the tips above, you will probably live to be much older and wiser.
A．Proper nutrition is important for good health.
B．The body needs proper care in order to be healthy.
C．Eating a balanced diet helps to make your mind active.
D．It is beneficial to your health to take exercise every day.
E．Then your body will feel strong and your mind will be sharp.
F．Most sports are very good for keeping the body in good shape.
G．It makes the body strong and prevents you from putting on weight.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文開頭指出“健康比財(cái)富更重要”，接著分別從飲食、睡眠、鍛煉這三個(gè)方面給我們做出了保持健康的指導(dǎo)。
1．B　解析：本空承上啟下，引出文章的主題，故B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
2．A　解析：根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所在位置可知，此空為段落主題句。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容，尤其是“foods high in protein(蛋白質(zhì))”和“vitamins and minerals”可知，本段主要講適當(dāng)?shù)臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)對(duì)保持健康的重要性。故答案選A。
3．E　解析：空前一句是說(shuō)確保七到九個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠，故E項(xiàng)“然后你的身體將會(huì)強(qiáng)壯，你的思維將會(huì)敏銳”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。
4．G　解析：根據(jù)空后的“It also improves your heart and lungs.”可知，空處應(yīng)該也是敘述鍛煉身體的具體好處，故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
5．F　解析：根據(jù)該段主題句中的“get plenty of exercise”和空后一句列舉的多種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，以及下文中的“Sports”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1.____________(terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but 2.____________(prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, 3.____________ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4.____________(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for it 5.____________(forbid) to read from the paper. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs 6.____________(tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found 7.__________ back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After 8.__________ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my 9.____________(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the 10.____________(great) difficulty on my way to success is my fear. Overcome it and I will be able to achieve my goals.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要講述了作者通過(guò)一次演講克服了自己的恐懼心理，增強(qiáng)了自信。
1．terribly　解析：考查副詞。修飾形容詞一般用副詞，故用副詞terribly修飾形容詞shy，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
2．to prepare　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。have no choice but to do sth.為固定用法，意為“除了做某事，別無(wú)選擇”，符合語(yǔ)境，故此處用不定式形式。
3．which　解析：考查關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代“to draft the speech”，故填which。
4．lay　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故此處用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，故填lay。
5．was forbidden　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。forbid和句子的形式主語(yǔ)it之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
6．trembling　解析：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?！皐ith＋賓語(yǔ)(名詞或代詞)＋賓補(bǔ)”為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此處my legs和tremble構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
7．myself　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己恢復(fù)原狀”，應(yīng)為“found myself back”，故填反身代詞myself。
8．what　解析：考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的東西”，故用what引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句。
9．confidence　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由空前的形容詞性物主代詞my可知，此處用名詞形式，故填confidence。
10．greatest　解析：考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和空前的定冠詞the以及空后的名詞difficulty可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故填greatest。



英語(yǔ)朗讀寶
相關(guān)資料 更多
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，請(qǐng)掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請(qǐng) 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來(lái)到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬(wàn)優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬(wàn)優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬(wàn)教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊(cè)
qrcode
二維碼已過(guò)期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊(cè)

手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)碼

手機(jī)號(hào)格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號(hào)

注冊(cè)即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊(cè)協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
微信注冊(cè)

注冊(cè)成功

返回
頂部