[學(xué)生用書P156]
一、語基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．wedding n． 婚禮
2．reception n. 招待會(huì)；接待；接受
3．offence n. 冒犯；侮辱
4．minority n. 少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)，少數(shù)人
5．gesture n. 手勢；姿勢；示意動(dòng)作
6．musical adj. 音樂的
n. 音樂劇
7．plain n. 平原
adj. 清楚的，明顯的；坦誠的；
樸素的
8．firework n. 焰火，煙花
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．ensure vt. 保證，擔(dān)保，確保
2．throughout prep.& adv. 自始至終；貫穿整個(gè)時(shí)
期；各處，遍及
3．familiar adj. 通曉；熟悉
4．a(chǎn)ccount n. 描述，敘述；賬目
5．a(chǎn)ccustomed adj. 習(xí)慣于；慣常的
6．expectation n. 期望，盼望
7．a(chǎn)like adj. 相像，十分相似
adv. 十分相像地；同樣地
8．carve vt. 雕刻
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．greet vt.和某人打招呼(或問好)→greeting n．招呼；問候；問候語(pl.)
2．congratulate vt.向(某人)道賀，祝賀→congratulation n．祝賀；賀詞
3．permit vt.& vi.允許，準(zhǔn)許n.許可證→permission n．允許，許可
4．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令
5．a(chǎn)djust vi.& vt.適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)→adjustment n．調(diào)整→adjustable adj.可調(diào)整的，可調(diào)節(jié)的
6．celebration n．慶典；慶?；顒?dòng)→celebrate v．慶祝
7．religion n．宗教→religious adj.宗教的；虔誠的
8．slight adj.輕微的→slightly adv.輕微地；稍微地
9．bravery n．勇敢→brave adj.勇敢的
10．govern vt.統(tǒng)治；控制，支配→governor n．主管人員；統(tǒng)治者→government n．政府

1.拜訪“金融”部落
①account　　賬目；賬戶
②budget 預(yù)算
③capital 資金；資本
④cheque 支票
⑤interest 利息
⑥finance 財(cái)政，金融
2.“允許”與“禁止”
①permit v．　　　　允許
②allow v. 允許
③forbid v. 禁止
④ban v．& n. 禁止
⑤prohibit v. 禁止
3.“適應(yīng)/合”短語集合
①adjust (oneself) to
②adapt (oneself) to
③fit in
④fit in with
⑤agree with

(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．let_alone 更不用說
2．show_somebody_around 帶某人參觀、游覽
3．take_up 占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)
4．have_power_over 控制，支配
5．be_aware_of 知道，意識(shí)到
6．shake_hands_with_sb. 與某人握手
7．be_home_to 為……的所在/棲息地/家園
8．a(chǎn)djust_to 適應(yīng)
9．be_familiar_with 對……熟悉；通曉
10．provide...with... 給……提供……
11．be_supposed_to_do_sth. 　應(yīng)該做某事
12．get_accustomed_to_doing_sth. 習(xí)慣做某事
13．a(chǎn)fter_all 畢竟，終究
14．do_without 沒有……也行
15．belong_to 屬于
16．in_fact 實(shí)際上
17．take_place 發(fā)生；舉行
18．congratulate_sb.on_sth. 祝賀某人某事
19．be_connected_with 與……有聯(lián)系
20．meet_with 遇見，碰到




1.“v.＋up”短語大閱兵
①take up　　占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)
②pack up 打包
③build up 逐漸增加
④bring up 撫養(yǎng)；使……長大
⑤set up 建立；豎立
⑥put up 建造；舉起；張貼
⑦make up 組成；虛構(gòu)；彌補(bǔ)；化妝
⑧come up 走近；上來；上升；被提出
⑨give up 放棄
⑩break up 打碎；拆散；結(jié)束
2.“be＋adj.＋with”高頻短語
①be familiar with　對……熟悉
②be satisfied with 對……滿意
③be mad with 因……發(fā)瘋
④be bored with 厭煩……
⑤be busy with 忙于……
⑥be popular with 受……歡迎
⑦be angry with 對……發(fā)怒
⑧be strict with 對……要求嚴(yán)格
⑨be patient with 對……有耐心
⑩be content with 對……滿意
3.結(jié)識(shí)all相關(guān)短語
①after all　畢竟，終究
②in all 總共，合計(jì)
③all in all 總的來說，大體而言
④at all 根本；完全
⑤above all 首先，最重要的
⑥first of all 首先
⑦all the time 始終，一直
⑧all at once 立刻，馬上
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難
Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it.
很多外國人很難習(xí)慣這一點(diǎn)。
句型2：the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
One_reason_why there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
英語里有如此多的法語詞匯的原因是法國人曾統(tǒng)治英格蘭很多年。
句型3：dislike it when...不喜歡……，it作形式賓語
They dislike_it_when people do not look at the cards，so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.
他們不喜歡人們不看名片，所以要記住，不要看都不看就把名片塞進(jìn)口袋。

二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·北京卷)I’m writing to give you a full account(敘述) of my unforgettable experience in a farmwork programme.
2．Nowadays senior high students are burdened with too many expectations(期望), which is making them less and less confident.
3．In order to ensure(確保) success we must have a complete and thorough plan.
4．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout(整個(gè)) the day.
5．—You seem to be familiar(熟悉) with this city.
—I lived here three years ago. It’s so great to be back.
6．(2018·浙江卷6月)He said that if he quit(quit) the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.
7．Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your exam results!
8．They exchanged greetings(greet) and sat down to lunch.
9．Facing the cruel man, the young girl showed no fear.Her bravery(brave) impressed all of us deeply.
10．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．It was brave of her to go into the burning building to save the boy, so we all respect her for her bravery and unselfishness.(brave)
2．Even if you have a permit,_I won’t permit you to enter the hall without my permission．(permit)
3．The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable,_so my son’s bike demands constant adjustment．(adjust)
4．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and in turn the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
5．It took a while for her to accustom herself to the school life.That meant after a while she became accustomed to living in the new school.(accustom)
6．To my surprise, instead of mailing a greeting card, she greeted me with a hug and said “Merry Christmas”．(greet)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
after all; dream of; be accustomed to; let alone; show around; be familiar with
Last week I attended a wedding ceremony of one of my friends. I 1.was_familiar_with most of the guests there. After greeting the bridegroom and the bride, I was 2.shown_around their new home. Throughout the ceremony many fireworks were set off. Few of the people there could bear
the noise, 3.let_alone me, who 4.was_accustomed_to quietness.But I enjoyed the hot dogs, roast beef and beautiful music. After attending the ceremony, I 5.dream_of meeting with my Mr.Right. 6.After_all,_love is a light that never dims.
adjust to; be aware of; be home to; congratulate sb. on sth.
Australia is a vast country which 7.is_home_to many wild animals and plants. In recent years, millions of people have traveled to Australia, causing great damage to the local ecology. The government 8.has_been_aware_of this situation and taken some measures to 9.adjust_to the new requirements.We should 10.congratulate Australia on its achievements in protecting the environment.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．如果你在與他人溝通方面存在困難，這勢必會(huì)影響你的學(xué)習(xí)。
If you have_trouble_(in)_communicating_with_others,_it’s bound to affect your study.
2．我們不信任他的原因是他總是說謊。
The_reason_why_we_don’t_trust_him_is_that he always tells lies.
3．很多人不喜歡別人催促他們給那些他們甚至不在意的比賽進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上投票。
Many people dislike_it_when they are urged to cast online votes for competitions that they even don’t care.
[學(xué)生用書P158]

ensure　vt.保證，擔(dān)保，確保
[能力提升]——完成句子
①老師們不遺余力地確保每個(gè)學(xué)生都有同樣的機(jī)會(huì)。
The teachers spared_no_effort_to_ensure_that all students would be given an equal chance.
②(廣東卷)靠著不斷的努力，我們精神上和身體上將會(huì)更健康，這將確保我們享受一個(gè)更加精彩的學(xué)校生活。
With continuous efforts，we will be healthier both mentally and physically, which_will_ensure_that we enjoy a more wonderful school life.

ensure (doing) sth.　 保證(做)某事
ensure sb.sth. 保證/確保某人(得到)某物
ensure sb.from/against...
保護(hù)某人免受……的傷害
ensure that...＝make sure that... 確保/保證……　
[佳句背誦] There was no other way to ensure that people would get the right balance of foods.
沒有其他方法可以確保人們飲食均衡。
congratulate　vt.祝賀；慶賀
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
① (2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to_congratulate(congratulate) him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
②Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your qualification for this World Cup Football Championship!
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我祝賀你在“漢語橋”漢語演講比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。
③I would like to express_my_congratulations_to_you_on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese speech contest.(congratulation n．)
④I would like to congratulate_you_on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese speech contest. (congratulate vt.)

(1)congratulate sb. on
　　　　　　　　　 祝賀某人某事/做某事
(2)congratulation n. 祝賀；恭喜
congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝賀某人某事　
[佳句背誦] Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.
祝賀你在學(xué)習(xí)漢語方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步。(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)
[名師點(diǎn)津] congratulation在用作名詞時(shí)，常常要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
permit　n．[C]通行證；許可證；執(zhí)照　v．許可，允許，準(zhǔn)許
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(天津卷)Mobile phone conversations are not permitted(permit) anywhere in the library.
②a.(安徽卷)Read the daily newspapers, magazines and other books, but you are not permitted to_take(take) them out.
b．The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn’t permit smoking(smoke)．
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))If time permits, I expect you to pay a visit to our school.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Time_permitting,_I expect you to pay a visit to our school. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)

(1)permit＋n./pron./doing　 允許……
permit sb.to do sth. 允許某人做某事
(2)permission n. [U]許可，允許
ask for permission 請求許可
with/without sb.’s permission得到/未經(jīng)某人的允許　
[佳句背誦] With your permission, I will have the project carried out as soon as possible.
如果你答應(yīng)的話，我將盡快開展這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　permit既可以用于permit doing sth.，也可用于permit sb.to do sth.。有相同用法的動(dòng)詞還有advise, allow, forbid等。
adjust　v．調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整；校準(zhǔn)；使適應(yīng)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①This kind of desk can be_adjusted(adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it’s not expensive at all.
②I was wondering whether she could adjust to living(live) in the mountainous village alone.
③(江蘇卷)Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, and that made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to(讓他很難適應(yīng)) the first-year college life.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, making_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to_the_first-year_college_life．(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)

(1)adjust...to...　　　　 為配合……而調(diào)整
adjust to... 適應(yīng)……
adjust (oneself) to (使自己)適應(yīng)
(2)adjustment n. 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)
make an adjustment to 對……進(jìn)行調(diào)整　
[佳句背誦] I think that you will quickly adjust (yourself) to them though the weather and the food are different from yours.
雖然天氣、食物與你以往的有所不同，我相信你會(huì)很快適應(yīng)的。
[名師點(diǎn)津] adjust to和adjust...to...中的to都是介詞，其后需接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
accustomed　adj.習(xí)慣的；通常的，慣常的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.
②Not accustomed to staying(stay) up so late at night, she has to work extra hours at daytime.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))I accustom myself to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Accustoming_myself_to_living_in_the_countryside,_I always find it hard to live in the city.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)

(1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.＝be used to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事
(2)accustom vt. 使……習(xí)慣于
accustom oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人習(xí)慣于(做)某事　
[佳句背誦] Once we achieve our goals, we will become accustomed very quickly to our new situation.
一旦我們達(dá)成了目標(biāo)，我們很快就會(huì)適應(yīng)新的形勢。
familiar　adj.熟悉的；常見的；親近的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①As a result, you can master the Chinese language and be familiar with the Chinese culture.
②Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is unfamiliar to them.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)一方面，我很熟悉中國畫，因?yàn)槲业母赣H是一位中國畫家。
③For one thing, I am_quite_familar_with_Chinese_painting,_for my father is a Chinese painter.
④For one thing, Chinese painting is_quite_familiar_to_me,_for my father is a Chinese painter.

(1)be/get familiar with　 熟悉……
be familiar to 為……所熟悉
(2)unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的
be unfamiliar to 對……不熟悉　
[佳句背誦] Visiting the exhibition will help you get familiar with the art of paper-cutting.　參觀這個(gè)展覽將有助于你熟悉剪紙藝術(shù)。(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)be familiar to的主語可以是人，也可以是物，賓語通常是人；(2)be familiar with的主語只能是人，賓語是所熟悉的內(nèi)容或物。
account　n．?dāng)⑹?；描寫；?bào)道；賬單；賬戶　v．說明；解釋
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·江蘇卷)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.
②(2017·江蘇卷)While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals.
③He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into_account/consideration．
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))I sincerely hope that you will take_account_of my suggestions.

(1)take account of.../take...into account/consideration
　　　　　　　 把……考慮在內(nèi)
on account of 因?yàn)椋捎?br /> on no account 絕不
give an account of 報(bào)告；敘述；說明
(2)account for 解釋；說明；
(數(shù)量，比例上)占　
[佳句背誦] The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.　教授警告學(xué)生們絕對不要在他的課堂上使用手機(jī)。(2019·天津卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津] on no account意為“絕不”，放在句首時(shí)常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的還有by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。
let alone　更不用說
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
②I hardly had time to think these days, let alone relax.
③When she was told the bad news that her son had died at war, she let out a cry of sadness.
④She speaks English very fluently, but her pronunciation lets her down．
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我希望大家都別再來干涉我，讓我一個(gè)人靜一靜。
I wish everyone would stop interfering and just let/leave_me_alone．,let/leave sb.alone　　別煩/不打擾某人

let/leave sth.alone 別碰某物；別管某事
let sb. down 使某人失望
let sth.down 放低某物
let out 使出來，放出；泄露(秘密)
let in 使進(jìn)來，進(jìn)入　
[佳句背誦] We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it.　我們那時(shí)候甚至都不知道存在環(huán)境，更別說它存在的問題了。(全國卷Ⅱ)
take up　站好位置以備……；拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)；繼續(xù)；從事于；接受
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中take up的含義
①(安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用
②(陜西卷)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
開始從事
③The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.
繼續(xù)
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受

take in 欺騙；理解；領(lǐng)悟；吸收
take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)；從事
take over　 掌管，控制；取代
take off 休息；起飛；突然成功；在(某段)休假
[詞塊助記] take up a new job　　從事新的工作
take over the job as a manager 接任經(jīng)理一職
take on a new look 呈現(xiàn)出嶄新面貌
take off on time 正點(diǎn)起飛

have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難
(教材P35)Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
很多外國人很難習(xí)慣這一點(diǎn)。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句改錯(cuò)
①Six months after the accident, he still had difficulties walking.difficulties→difficulty
②Does she have any trouble with finishing the task？with→in
[能力提升]——完成句子
③你簡直想象不到我們解決這個(gè)問題時(shí)遇到的困難。
You can hardly imagine the_difficulty_we_had_(in)_solving_the_problem．

(1)have trouble (in) doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”，trouble為不可數(shù)名詞，前面可加修飾詞much，little，no等。
(2)trouble可換用difficulty，意思不變。
(3)若trouble/difficulty后跟名詞，常接介詞with?！?
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] 表示“做某事有困難”的表達(dá)還有：
①have_a_hard_time (in) doing sth./with sth.；
②have_problems (in) doing sth./with sth.；
③there’s...difficulty (in) doing sth./with sth.
the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
(教材P38)One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
英語里有如此多的法語詞匯的原因是法國人曾統(tǒng)治英格蘭很多年。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.The reason why he failed the English exam was that he didn’t learn it well.
b．Is this the reason_that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
②(全國卷Ⅲ)The reason for which I cannot accompany you to the bookstore is that I have to attend an important class meeting.
③a.Sorry, we are late. That’s because we were held up in the traffic jam.
b．We were held up in the traffic jam and that’s why we are late.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))People carry umbrellas in hot summer days because the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))The_reason_why_people_carry_umbrellas_in_hot_summer_days_is_that_the_hot_sun_may_be_harmful_to_the_exposed_skin.(why引導(dǎo)的定語從句)

(1)the reason why ...is that ...，表示“……的原因是……”， 其中why引導(dǎo)定語從句，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(2)reason常見的句式：
①the reason for sth./doing sth. is/was that ...
②the reason why/for which...is/was that ...
③the reason that/which...is/was that ...
(3)That/This is because...表示“這是因?yàn)椤?，because引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示原因；
That/This is why... 表示“這就是……的原因”，why引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示結(jié)果?！?
[名師點(diǎn)津] the reason后接定語從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞用why/for which還是用that/which，取決于其在定語從句中所承擔(dān)的句子成分。缺少主語、賓語、表語用that或which；缺少狀語用why或for which。
[學(xué)生用書P162]

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．I have great trouble learning(learn) English and I am so worried.
2．The suggestion came from the general that the soldiers should_be_prohibited(prohibit) from leaving camp after dark.
3．Accustomed(accustom) to the climate in the countryside，the old couple prefer not to move to the city.
4．The plane circled, awaiting permission(permit) to land.
5．The high cost of equipment prohibits(prohibit) many people from taking up this sport.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．It may take you a little time to adjust to the new school rules.
2．We’ll show you around the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace while you stay here.
3．The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test is that he had little training.
4．It is not difficult to take up a new career in midlife.
5．Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money，which accounts for half of her income.
維度三　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．In order to get familiar with the new neighbour, I decided to call at his house.熟悉
2．The local government has taken steps to ensure that rules should be faithfully carried out.確保
3．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption.
(數(shù)量，比例上)占
4．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took up her job as a doctor in the countryside.
從事于
維度四　易錯(cuò)誤用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．However, old school photographers may have difficulties adopting this style.difficulties→difficulty
2．The reason why he was late for school was because his car broke down on the way.because→that
3．She came to congratulate me to my winning the first place in the English contest.第二個(gè)to→on
4．There isn’t enough room for us, let lonely any guests.lonely→alone
5．You’ll soon get accustomed to walk long distances.walk→walking
6．I hate them when you say such things in public.them→it
7．My mother doesn’t permit me go out alone at night.在go前加to
8．It was the bad weather that prohibited them in going to the science museum.in→from
維度五　完成句子
1．Helen always helps her mother do the housework even though going to school takes_up_most_of_her_day(占用了她一天的大部分時(shí)間)．
2．It_is_believed_that(人們相信) an earthquake will occur in the area in the near future.
3．I really dislike_it_when(不喜歡……) some children are accustomed to being looked after by their parents and take everything they do for granted.
4．In the afternoon, you will_be_shown_around(將被帶領(lǐng)參觀) our newly-built museum.
5．If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would_be_put_off(就會(huì)被推遲)．

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
President Xi 1.congratulated(congratulate) all farmers around the country on the first Farmers’ Harvest Festival. Farmers around the country held varieties of activities in 2.celebration(celebrate) of their first festival. It’s quite funny 3.joining(join) in these games. These years, our 4.government(govern) attaches great importance to the development of agriculture. It is reported that farmers account 5.for 70% of the population of China. Farmers can get timely help once they have trouble 6.producing(produce). Laws are made to ensure that farming land should not be used for other purposes without 7.permission(permit). Now factories that will cause pollution 8.are_prohibited(prohibit) from being built in the countryside. Farmers also have adjusted 9.themselves(they) to modern technology. The old and poor villages that we were familiar 10.with have changed a lot.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①一些人在熟悉中國人和西方人的飲食習(xí)慣上有困難。
Some people have_trouble_in_getting_familiar_with Chinese and Western eating habits.
②中國人習(xí)慣于大家共吃一桌菜。
Chinese are_accustomed_to sharing all the dishes together.
③西方人則適應(yīng)每個(gè)人吃自己餐盤里的食物。
Westerners adjust_to having their plate of food alone.
④在中國，如果是一個(gè)非常正式的招待會(huì)，那將提供大量的飯菜。
In China, if it is a_very_formal_reception,_a huge amount of food will be supplied.
⑤中國人用餐所用時(shí)間通常比西方人長。
Chinese usually take_up more time to have dinner than Westerners.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑥用并列連詞合并②③
Chinese_are_accustomed_to_sharing_all_the_dishes_together，while_Westerners_adjust__to_having_their_plate_of_food_alone.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：nowadays, in addition)
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One possible version：
Nowadays，some people have trouble in getting familiar with Chinese and Western eating habits.Chinese are accustomed to sharing all the dishes together，while Westerners adjust to having their plate of food alone.In China, if it is a very formal reception, a huge amount of food will be supplied.In addition, Chinese usually take up more time to have dinner than Westerners.

課時(shí)練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
[學(xué)生用書P367(單獨(dú)成冊)]
閱讀理解
A
(2020·巢湖重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Brits(英國人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.
Almost two-thirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)．
Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem.
The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.
If languages weren’t an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.
“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention world-class cuisine！”
They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you’ll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’—road signs and train stations are in English, you’ll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don’t, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了語言障礙成為英國人出國旅游的一大顧慮。
1．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Brits are poor at languages.
B．Brits regret what they have done.
C．Brits like relying on others.
D．Brits are good at languages.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Brits(英國人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合對前兩段的整體理解可推知，英國人的語言能力比較差，故選A。
2．How many Brits can’t order food correctly because of language barriers?
A．About 10%.　　　　　　 B．About 12%.
C．About 20%. D．About 21%.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英國人因?yàn)檎Z言障礙不能正確點(diǎn)餐，故選C。
3．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making description.
D．By listing data.
D　解析：寫作手法題。根據(jù)對文章的整體理解可知，本文列舉了大量的數(shù)據(jù)來論證作者的觀點(diǎn)，由此可推知，本文是通過列出數(shù)據(jù)來展開的，故選D。
B
(2020·成都診斷)For the past two years I have been travelling and living abroad. Home has become more of a feeling than a place. I feel at home when I am with my family in London, but I also feel at home in Italy with friends I love. Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows. It is more complicated than that.
This is one of the reasons that celebrating the new year has become very important for me. I do not care about “New Year’s resolutions(新年計(jì)劃)”—living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life, so I don’t feel the need to plan for change: I live for change.
New Year’s Eve has become my time to reconnect with the friends, which makes me feel at home. Every year we try to reunite wherever we are, and remember the time when we knew each other so well that we felt like a family. It is a moment to reconnect and get to know each other again. Last year, we travelled to a cottage in Ireland where we had no Internet and no neighbours. In the middle of the countryside, away from our constantly changing lives, we were able to become like a little family again.
This year, we went to Barcelona. It was a very big change. We were surrounded by culture and life and joy. There were bars and parties. It was different, but one thing stayed very much the same—I felt at home again and we felt like a family again.
A lot of people feel that New Year’s Eve cannot live up to expectations. Ideas such as the “New Year’s kiss” and “resolutions” create a lot of pressure for people to have a night to remember, a night that will change their lives and perhaps make the next year worth living. I think those people are missing the point. Why can’t New Year be about friends?
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。過去兩年作者在國外旅游、生活，作者經(jīng)常通過和朋友們一起旅游來慶祝新年，并因此而有家的感覺。
4．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Family.　　　　　 B．Living abroad.
C．Home. D．Staying with friends.
C　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows.”可知，家不再是一幅有前門和一些窗戶的房子的圖畫；結(jié)合畫線詞所在句“It is more complicated than that.”可知，該句的主語It指代前一句中的“Home”。故C項(xiàng)正確。
5．Why doesn’t the author care about “New Year’s resolutions”？
A．New Year’s resolutions cannot be reached.
B．His lifestyle makes him always ready for change.
C．It’s meaningless to make any big changes in life.
D．Making New Year’s resolutions creates much pressure.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“I do not care about ‘New Year’s resolutions(新年計(jì)劃)’—living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life, so I don’t feel the need to plan for change: I live for change.”可知，作者的生活不斷變化，所以他認(rèn)為沒有必要在意新年計(jì)劃，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．What does the author try to convey through his experiences in Ireland and Barcelona?
A．Life is peaceful and enjoyable.
B．Living abroad is a happy experience.
C．Staying with friends makes one feel at home.
D．Travelling abroad enriches one’s life experience.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句“In the middle of the countryside, away from our constantly changing lives, we were able to become like a little family again.”可知，和朋友待在鄉(xiāng)村的中心，遠(yuǎn)離不斷變化的生活，作者找到了家的感覺；根據(jù)第四段尾句“It was different, but one thing stayed very much the same—I felt at home again and we felt like a family again.”可知，作者和朋友們在一起，感覺又回到了家，感覺他們像一家人。據(jù)此可知，文章中提及作者和朋友在愛爾蘭和巴塞羅那的經(jīng)歷旨在說明和朋友待在一起能讓人找到家的感覺。故C項(xiàng)正確。
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．New Year’s Celebration: How?
B．True Friendship: What?
C．Living Abroad: Comfortable or Complicated?
D．Change: Plan It or Make It?
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了作者由于常年旅居在國外，對于慶祝新年和新年計(jì)劃有著不同的思考：有朋友的地方就有家的感覺，變化著的生活不需要新年計(jì)劃，故A項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。
完形填空
(2020·安徽省示范高中模擬)I first discovered Café Gratitude several months ago. My friend Dr. Heather invited me to __1__ her for lunch. Heather had __2__ moved to Los Angeles, and we would discuss the project we were doing. As we sat down and were __3__ the delicious vegetarian menu, the server who came to take our __4__ asked us the question of the day, “What are you grateful for？”
I felt a familiar stir(震動(dòng)) in my chest, and my eyes began to water. __5__ a pause, Heather __6__ her hand out to me and said that it was with me. I expressed my gratitude to be with her __7__， enjoying this moment of our shared __8__ and her new start in Los Angeles. After a delicious lunch, I decided to stay a while longer __9__ the question had inspired me to meet the co-owner, Ryland. Pauses or __10__ in life are a very good time to listen to what’s __11__ on inside of our hearts.
When Ryland came over to my __12__ with his big smile, his title of Chief Inspiration Officer seemed very __13__ for his personality. He gave me his __14__ attention as he opened his heart to listen. I told him how I wanted to help him open more __15__ so there could be more places to eat and help spread this __16__ of “being generous and grateful every day”. Since that __17__， Café Gratitude has been my favorite place to eat.
What a rewarding and meaningful experience! And I’ve since learned that Café Gratitude __18__ business through what they call “Sacred Commerce” where they provide inspired service, and express __19__ for the richness of our lives. A simple question that day __20__ me down new paths and gave me new friendships.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文?！拔摇睉?yīng)邀和朋友在一家“感恩餐館”共進(jìn)午餐，當(dāng)服務(wù)員問我們“我們感激什么”時(shí)，“我”和“我”的朋友都認(rèn)為那一刻彼此的陪伴讓我們感激。這一簡單的問題讓“我”有了新的人生感悟……
1．A.attend　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)ccompany
C．involve D．find
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”的朋友Heather博士邀請“我”陪她共進(jìn)午餐。B項(xiàng)意為“陪伴”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“參加，看護(hù)”，C項(xiàng)意為“使卷入，涉及”，D項(xiàng)意為“找到”，都與語境不符。
2．A.even B．ever
C．seldom D．just
D　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的朋友Heather博士邀請“我”陪她共進(jìn)午餐；結(jié)合常識(shí)和該句中“had______moved to Los Angeles”以及下文中的“her new start in Los Angeles”可推知，“我”的朋友Heather剛遷到洛杉磯。D項(xiàng)意為“剛剛”，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“甚至”，B項(xiàng)意為“曾經(jīng)”，C項(xiàng)意為“很少”，都與語境不符。
3．A.looking B．testing
C．planning D．studying
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“delicious vegetarian menu”及常識(shí)可知，我們坐下后開始仔細(xì)察看菜單。D項(xiàng)意為“仔細(xì)察看”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“看”，B項(xiàng)意為“測試”，C項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”，都與語境不符。
4．A.space B．time
C．order D．place
C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“the server who came to take”及常識(shí)可以推知，服務(wù)員過來為我們點(diǎn)餐。C項(xiàng)意為“點(diǎn)菜”，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“空間”，B項(xiàng)意為“時(shí)間”，D項(xiàng)意為“地方”，都與語境不符。
5．A.Without B．Despite
C．In terms of D．Regardless of
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Heather毫無(Without)停頓地向“我”伸(reached)出手，說和“我”在一起讓她很感激。
6．A.reached B．shook
C．clapped D．stuck
A　解析：參見上題解析。reach意為“伸，伸手(以碰觸或提起某物)”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“搖動(dòng)”，C項(xiàng)意為“鼓掌”，D項(xiàng)意為“粘，貼”，都與語境不符。
7．A.either B．a(chǎn)s well as
C．a(chǎn)lso D．too
D　解析：根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容及該句中的“I expressed my gratitude to be with her”可知，“我”也為和她在一起表達(dá)了感激。too“也”，通常用于肯定句句末，故D項(xiàng)正確。
8．A.project B．seat
C．honesty D．friendship
D　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，我們都表達(dá)了對彼此陪伴的感激；再結(jié)合該句中的“shared”可以推知，我們享受著共同的友誼時(shí)光。D項(xiàng)意為“友誼”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“項(xiàng)目”；B項(xiàng)意為“座位”；C項(xiàng)意為“誠實(shí)”。
9．A.so B．a(chǎn)s
C．if D．before
B　解析：空處前一句是說，午飯后“我”想多待上一會(huì)兒；空處后一句說，這個(gè)問題使“我”想要和餐廳老板Ryland見上一面，據(jù)此可知，空前為果，空后為因，故as“因?yàn)椤闭_。
10．A.action B．delays
C．hurry D．dreams
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，空處與“Pauses”對應(yīng)，應(yīng)為其同義詞語，故delays“延遲”符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“行動(dòng)”，C項(xiàng)意為“匆忙”，D項(xiàng)意為“夢想”，都與語境不符。
11．A.looking B．insisting
C．going D．a(chǎn)greeing
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，暫停和延遲是生活中很好的一個(gè)時(shí)刻去傾聽我們內(nèi)心進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。go on意為“發(fā)生”，為固定搭配，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。
12．A.company B．table
C．house D．car
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Ryland微笑著走近“我”的餐桌旁。B項(xiàng)意為“桌子”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“公司”，C項(xiàng)意為“房子”，D項(xiàng)意為“汽車”，都與語境不符。
13．A.suitable B．ready
C．eager D．a(chǎn)nxious
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，他微笑著，看起來他“首席靈感官”的頭銜和他的個(gè)性很匹配。be suitable for為固定搭配，意為“適合于……”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備好的”，C項(xiàng)意為“渴望的”，D項(xiàng)意為“急切的”，都與語境不符。
14．A.simple B．full
C．urgent D．regular
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，他敞開心扉傾聽，全身心注意著“我”。B項(xiàng)意為“完全的”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“簡單的”；C項(xiàng)意為“緊急的”；D項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)常的”。
15．A.hotels B．schools
C．clubs D．restaurants
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“more places to eat”可推知，“我”想要幫助他開更多的飯店，這樣的話就有更多的地方就餐并傳播他“每天要慷慨并感恩”的理念。D項(xiàng)意為“飯店”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“賓館”；B項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)?！?；C項(xiàng)意為“俱樂部”。
16．A.lesson B．note
C．message D．lecture
C　解析：參見上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“課”，B項(xiàng)意為“便條”，D項(xiàng)意為“講座”，都與語境不符。
17．A.meeting B．performance
C．a(chǎn)ct D．vacation
A　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“meet the co-owner”并結(jié)合語境可知，自從那次見面以來，“感恩餐館”就成了“我”最喜愛去就餐的地方。A項(xiàng)意為“會(huì)面”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“表演”；C項(xiàng)意為“行動(dòng)”；D項(xiàng)意為“假期”。
18．A.trains B．practices
C．reviews D．concludes
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“感恩餐館”通過他們的這種商業(yè)模式實(shí)踐他們的業(yè)務(wù)。B項(xiàng)意為“實(shí)踐”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“培訓(xùn)”，C項(xiàng)意為“審查”，D項(xiàng)意為“總結(jié)”，都與語境不符。
19．A.explanation B．a(chǎn)ppreciation
C．consideration D．a(chǎn)pplication
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，他們向我們生命的豐足表達(dá)了感激。B項(xiàng)意為“感激”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“解釋”；C項(xiàng)意為“考慮”；D項(xiàng)意為“申請”。
20．A.surprised B．led
C．returned D．held
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，那天的一個(gè)簡單的問題，引導(dǎo)“我”走上新的道路，給了“我”新的友誼(關(guān)系)。B項(xiàng)意為“引領(lǐng)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“使驚奇”；C項(xiàng)意為“歸還”；D項(xiàng)意為“抓住，握住”。
課時(shí)練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五
＋1篇語法填空
[學(xué)生用書P369(單獨(dú)成冊)]
閱讀理解
A
(2020·安徽六校聯(lián)考)I read a newspaper article about a new concept. The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents(住戶) eat lunch together and share activities such as music, painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading stories to the children and, if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a hug.
Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for ageing relations, and smaller flats with no room for grandparents. But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. It’s a major problem in many societies.
That’s why inter-generational(代際的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful actions all over the world. Using young people to teach IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Using old people as volunteer assistants in schools is another. One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight. The young people help with practical things such as writing letters, reading bank statements and helping with shopping, and the older people can pass on their knowledge and experience to their young visitors. For example, a retired judge may be paired with a teenager who wants to study law.
But it isn’t only the individuals concerned who gain from inter-generational activities. The advantages to society are huge too. If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, there will be less conflict in a community. And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another. Then perhaps getting old won’t be so sad after all.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。如今老年人和青少年之間的聯(lián)系越來越少，這是一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問題，因此為老年人和青少年創(chuàng)造聯(lián)系的代際計(jì)劃越來越受歡迎。
1．Why does the author mention the newspaper article he read?
A．To argue for a new concept.
B．To show his interest in the topic.
C．To introduce the topic of the text.
D．To draw our attention to a social problem.
C　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.”可知，作者在報(bào)紙上讀到的那篇文章主張將養(yǎng)老院和幼兒園結(jié)合起來，將它們建在一起；再根據(jù)后面作者所講述的內(nèi)容可判斷出，作者之所以提到那篇文章是為了引出要講的話題。故正確答案為C。
2．What is the purpose of the inter-generational programs?
A．To provide a good job opportunity for the young.
B．To bring the old and the young together.
C．To teach the young to respect the old.
D．To ask the old to care for the young.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. It’s a major problem in many societies.”和第三段第一句“That’s why inter-generational(代際的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world.”可知，目前沒有祖父母照顧的孩子的數(shù)量以及沒有機(jī)會(huì)和孩子聯(lián)系的老人的數(shù)量都在增加，這是一個(gè)很大的問題，而代際計(jì)劃就是為了解決這一問題的。由此可判斷出代際計(jì)劃的目的是使老人和孩子生活在一起。故正確答案為B。
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The reasons why inter-generational programs enjoy popularity in the world.
B．The inter-generational programs’ benefits to individuals.
C．The inter-generational programs all over the world.
D．The examples of inter-generational activities.
D　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可判斷出，本段主要介紹的是一些代際活動(dòng)的例子。故正確答案為D。
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Building Bridges for the Old and the Young
B．A New Concept in Caring for the Old Is Born
C．Offering a Warm Home for the Young
D．Being Old Is No More Sad
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述的是：如今老年人和青少年之間的聯(lián)系越來越少，這是一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問題，因此為老年人和青少年創(chuàng)造聯(lián)系的代際計(jì)劃越來越受歡迎。A項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了本文的核心，適合用作本文的標(biāo)題。故正確答案為A。
B
(2020·重慶調(diào)研)Ask 9－year－old Annie what the worst thing was that ever happened in her house last year, and she won’t tell you that it was her parents’ divorcing, although they did. No, what Annie remembers most are the horrible fights leading up to the announcement about the divorce which was, as it turned out, despite her parents’ anxiety about telling her, “not that big of a deal”. “I already knew they were not getting along well，” Annie says. “Every night after I went to bed, I would hear my parents fighting. It made me really unhappy. When they finally decided to get a divorce, all that stopped.”
Annie’s experience is more common than you might think, and there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that “staying together for the sake of the children” is not what should be encouraged, and may do more harm than good. According to psychologist Lynn Martingdale, hearing their parents arguing is often more stressful for children than separation and divorce, and if you think that your children don’t know that there’s trouble in family, then you’re kidding yourself. The home life of children whose parents have an unhappy marriage is often far from ideal, and what’s worse, parents will compound the problem by taking their unhappiness out on the children.
The Center for Moving Forward conducted a study in 2014 in which they followed 25 families whose parents had been in marriage counseling. After tracking these families for 5 years, they found that the children of the parents who eventually got divorced were not worse off than the children of those who remained together, and in some cases fared better. The study took the social and the children’s general sense of well－being into consideration.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇議論文。文章以9歲的孩子Annie的父母由于爭吵導(dǎo)致最終離婚的敘述引入主題，接著通過論據(jù)論證了“在不幸的婚姻中，離婚并不是最糟糕的事”這一主題。
5．Why was Annie really unhappy according to paragraph 1?
A．Because her parents fought every night.
B．Because her parents finally got divorced.
C．Because her parents decided to abandon her.
D．Because her parents got along badly with her.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Every night after I went to bed, I would hear my parents fighting. It made me really unhappy.”可知，Annie的父母每天晚上都吵架，這讓她感到很不幸福，故A項(xiàng)正確。
6．Which statement may psychologist Lynn Martingdale agree with？　
A．Separation and divorce will hurt the children most.
B．Keeping an unhappy marriage hurts children more.
C．Children can’t understand their parents’ marriage well.
D．Children can’t feel the unhappiness from their parents.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“According to psychologist Lynn Martingdale, hearing their parents arguing is often more stressful for children than separation and divorce”可知，心理學(xué)家Lynn Martingdale認(rèn)為，聽父母吵架對孩子來說往往比分居和離婚更有壓力，據(jù)此可以判斷，Lynn Martingdale認(rèn)為維持不幸福的婚姻會(huì)更加傷害孩子，故B項(xiàng)正確。
7．What’s the function of the last paragraph in the passage?
A．To give an example of divorce.
B．To support Annie’s correct answer.
C．To further clear the author’s viewpoint.
D．To highlight the importance of the study.
C　解析：寫作目的題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“After tracking these families for 5 years, they found that the children of the parents who eventually got divorced were not worse off than the children of those who remained together, and in some cases fared better.”可知，在對這些家庭進(jìn)行了5年的跟蹤調(diào)查后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，最終父母離婚的孩子并不比那些父母仍在一起的孩子生活得更差，在某些情況下，他們生活得更好。據(jù)此可知，最后一段旨在通過研究進(jìn)一步說明本文的論點(diǎn)：在不幸的婚姻中，離婚不是最糟糕的選擇。故C項(xiàng)正確。
8．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Divorce Is Good for Children
B．Divorce Is Not the Worst Thing
C．Fighting Is Often Stressful
D．Staying Together Is for Children Only
B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和Annie所說的話可知，對孩子們來說，父母的爭吵比離婚更糟糕；結(jié)合第二段中的“there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that ‘staying together for the sake of the children’ is not what should be encouraged, and may do more harm than good”可以判斷，本文的主旨是：在不幸的婚姻中，和離婚相比，父母為孩子而在一起給孩子的傷害更大。最后一段的研究也論證了這一點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。
七選五
(2020·成都畢業(yè)班摸底)We know that choosing a college major can be very hard. But have no fear! Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. Here’s what you need to know about college majors before you choose.
What is a major?
1．________ Beyond general college requirements, you’ll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry, Literature, or Political Science.
How important is my major?
The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Many graduates find jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied in college. If you intend to earn a professional degree after college, you will probably need certain courses.2.________
When do I choose a major?
This varies widely across schools and programs. 3.________ Others require that you decide upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.
4．________
Definitely. One of the most exciting aspects of college life is that it introduces you to new subjects and arouses new passions. However, keep this in mind: every major has necessary coursework. If you change your major late in the game, it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.
What are minors and double majors?
If one field of study doesn’t satisfy your intellectual appetite, consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration. 5.________ A double major provides you with an understanding of two academic fields. It allows you to become familiar with two sets of values and views while it also requires you to fulfill two sets of requirements.
A．Can I change my mind?
B．Is my major time-consuming?
C．It’s your specialized area of study in college.
D．Most students find one major is more than enough.
E．Some schools may give you one year or more to decide.
F．Many future science doctors major in non-science related fields.
G．The only difference is that it doesn’t require as many classes.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　我們知道選擇一個(gè)大學(xué)的專業(yè)是很難的，但不要害怕，你選擇的專業(yè)不會(huì)讓你只能從事特定的職業(yè)。本文介紹了大學(xué)選專業(yè)前應(yīng)了解的幾個(gè)方面，包括專業(yè)是什么，專業(yè)的重要程度，選專業(yè)的時(shí)間，是否能換專業(yè)以及什么是輔修課程和雙學(xué)位等。
1．C　解析：根據(jù)該段的標(biāo)題可知，空處應(yīng)是對標(biāo)題的問題作出了回答，故C項(xiàng)“它是大學(xué)里你學(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域”符合語境。
2．F　解析：該段主要談到專業(yè)并非那么重要?？涨耙痪湔劦健叭绻愦蛩阍诖髮W(xué)畢業(yè)后獲得專業(yè)學(xué)位，你可能需要某些課程”，由此可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)承接上文，再次說明專業(yè)并非那么重要。故F項(xiàng)符合語境。
3．E　解析：根據(jù)空后的“Others require that you decide upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.”可知，其他的學(xué)校要求你第一次走進(jìn)教室就決定你選擇的專業(yè)，空處應(yīng)是說明一些學(xué)校的做法，故E項(xiàng)“一些學(xué)?？赡芙o你一年或更多的時(shí)間決定”符合語境。
4．A　解析：此處考查段落小標(biāo)題。由該段中的“Definitely.”及“If you change your major late in the game, it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.”可知，該段應(yīng)是談到可不可以改變主意(換專業(yè))，故選A項(xiàng)。
5．G　解析：空前一句談到輔修與主修的相似之處，空處應(yīng)是講兩者的不同之處，故G項(xiàng)“唯一不同的是，輔修不需要那么多的課程”符合語境。
語法填空
(2020·合肥高三調(diào)研)
A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures Together
When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in 1.____________(celebrate). Kambugu, who works for the Standard Chartered Bank(StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86，000 employees around the world who had attempted 2.____________(take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his co-workers in StanChart’s offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes, 3.____________ helped them understand the initiative better.
Kambugu 4.____________(witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 5.____________ better in East Africa so far.“The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20，000 jobs for local people in Kenya，” he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said 6.____________ she had seen during her journey impressed 7.____________(she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it 8.____________(fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.
“By running together, we run further，” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 9.____________ (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 10.____________(runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　為領(lǐng)略“一帶一路”倡議的發(fā)展，銀行職員Herman Kambugu和他的同事參加了穿越“一帶一路”沿途國家的接力賽。通過這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，他們深刻體會(huì)到“一帶一路”倡議讓參與國的人民的生活更美好。
1．celebration　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，根據(jù)空前的介詞in可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞celebration。句意：他跑了32公里以示祝賀。
2．to take　解析：考查固定用法。attempt to do sth.為固定用法，意為“嘗試做某事”。
3．which　解析：考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，先行詞為空前的整個(gè)主句，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。
4．has witnessed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語“so far”可知，該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；由該句主語Kambugu可知，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，故用has witnessed。
5．the　解析：考查冠詞。此處表示使生活變得更好，for the better“有所好轉(zhuǎn)”為固定搭配，故用定冠詞the。
6．what　解析：考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，作從句中had seen的賓語，表示“……的事物”，故用what引導(dǎo)該主語從句，表示“她所看到的”。
7．her　解析：考查代詞?？仗幾骷拔飫?dòng)詞impressed的賓語，故用賓格代詞her。
8．more fluently　解析：考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)該句中的“than”可知，空處用其比較級(jí)，修飾動(dòng)詞spoke，故可知答案。
9．participating　解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，the countries和動(dòng)詞participate之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
10．runners　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。runner為可數(shù)名詞，又因主語the countries為復(fù)數(shù)，故此處表示多個(gè)奔跑者，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。


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