一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．pressure n． 壓力
2．including prep. 包括
3．chemical n. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)
adj. 化學(xué)的
4．work vi. 起作用，有效果，奏效
5．branch n. 分支；分部；樹枝
6．a(chǎn)pproximately adv. 大約
7．skip vt.& vi. 跳過，略過；蹦跳著走
8．properly adv. 適當(dāng)?shù)?br /> 9．system n. 身體，(器官)系統(tǒng)；體系；制度
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．figure n. 體形；數(shù)字；人物
2．energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充滿活力的
3．damage vt.& n. 損害，傷害
4．suffer vt.& vi. 受苦；遭受(磨難)
5．diet n. 節(jié)食；日常飲食
vi. 節(jié)食，控制飲食
6．count vi. 認(rèn)為，算作；重要
vt. 數(shù)數(shù)
7．concentrate vt.& vi. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神貫注
8．failure n. 衰退，衰竭；失?。还收?，失靈
9．a(chǎn)mount n. 數(shù)量
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．a(chǎn)shamed adj.慚愧的，羞愧的→shame n．羞恥，慚愧；遺憾的事→shameful adj.不體面的→shameless adj.不知羞恥的
2．treatment n．治療；待遇；處理→treat v．治療；招待；處理，討論
3．contain vt. 包含；容納→container n．容器
4．recover vi.復(fù)原，恢復(fù)健康vt.重新獲得，恢復(fù)→recovery n．恢復(fù)
5．painful adj.令人疼痛的，痛苦的→pain n．疼，痛苦
6．a(chǎn)ttractive adj.有吸引力的，有魅力的→attract v．吸引→attraction n．吸引人的事物
7．embarrassed adj.尷尬的，不好意思的，難為情的→embarrass vt.使尷尬→embarrassing adj.令人尷尬的；為難的
8．prefer vt.更喜歡→preference n．偏愛
9．effect n．效果，作用；影響→effective adj.有效的
10．equipment n．器材；設(shè)備→equip v．給……裝備
11．sadness n．悲傷→sad adj.悲傷的
12．comfort n．安慰；舒適 v．安慰→comfortable adj.舒適的→comfortably adv.舒適地
13．peaceful adj.平靜的；和平的→peace n．和平
14．a(chǎn)chievement n．成就→achieve v．達(dá)到，實現(xiàn)；獲得成功
15．useless adj.無用的，無效的→use vt.& n．使用→useful adj.有用的

1.由“figure”想到的幾個“人物”
①VIP (a very important person)
重要人物
②a historical figure 歷史人物
③a heroic figure 英雄人物
④typical character 典型人物
⑤a big shot 大人物
⑥a small potato/a nobody 小人物
2.“學(xué)習(xí)過程”相關(guān)詞
①concentrate v．集中(注意力、思想等)；全神貫注
②attend vt. 上學(xué)
③review vt. 復(fù)習(xí)
④acquire vt. 獲得；習(xí)得
⑤master vt. 精通；掌握
3.常考的“a-”開頭的表語形容詞
①alive 活著的
②awake 醒著的
③asleep 睡著的
④alone 獨自的
⑤alike 相似的
⑥ashamed 慚愧的，羞愧的

(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．work_out 鍛煉；解決；計算出
2．be_ashamed_of 對……感到羞愧
3．lose_weight 減肥
4．recover_from 從……中恢復(fù)
5．go_on_a_diet 節(jié)食
6．side_effect 副作用
7．fall_out (頭發(fā)等)脫落
8．get_into_shape 強身健體
9．make_the_most_of 充分利用
10．put_on_weight_ 增加體重
11．in_the_long_term 從長遠(yuǎn)角度看
12．give_up 放棄，停止
13．a(chǎn)s_a_matter_of_fact 事實上，其實
14．give_out 分發(fā)；用完，消耗盡；
發(fā)出(光、聲音等)
15．follow_one’s_advice 聽從某人的建議
16．take_the/a_risk 冒險
17．in_no_time 立刻，馬上
18．be_dying_to_do_sth. 渴望做某事

1.“鍛煉”表達(dá)萬花筒
①exercise 鍛煉
②work out 鍛煉
③take exercise 進行鍛煉
④have physical training
進行身體鍛煉
⑤take physical exercise
進行身體鍛煉
2.“實際上”各種表達(dá)法
①as a matter of fact
②in fact
③in reality
④in truth
⑤in practice
⑥in effect
⑦actually
3.“立刻；馬上”薈萃
①right away
②right now
③at once
④in no time
⑤immediately
⑥instantly
4.“盼望，期待(……)”集中營
①expect vt. 期望，期待
②hope for 希望，期待
③wish for 期望，希望
④long for 渴望
⑤be eager for 渴望
⑥look forward to 盼望，期待
⑦be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用

句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as用作連詞
I think you look great as_you_are,_and you’re a wonderful person.
我覺得你目前這個樣子看上去就很棒，而且你是一個非常優(yōu)秀的人。
句型2：while用作并列連詞
Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
有些運動通常在室內(nèi)進行，而另外一些在室外進行。
句型3：keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語
Water helps keep_your_system_clean．
水有助于保持人體內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)清潔。
句型4：倒裝句：so＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語
Walking and riding your bike count, and so_do_school_sports．
行走和騎自行車算是鍛煉，在學(xué)校進行的體育活動也算。

二、語境強化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．With his reputation damaged(損害), he regretted having done so.
2．Confucius was one of the great figures(人物) in the history of China.
3．What counts(很重要) is not your appearance but your ability.
4．Studies show that people are more likely to suffer(遭受) from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
5．We should have a balanced diet(日常飲食) to keep us energetic every day.
6．(2019·北京卷)They are extremely important in the safe and effective(effect) running of our programmes.
7．(2017·江蘇卷)A quick review of successes and failures(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.
8．While selecting job applicants, we usually give preference(prefer) to those with some experience.
9．She called me and said she was painful(pain), because her marriage did not go well.
10．With his attention concentrated(concentrate) on his book, he didn’t notice someone entering his room.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．What you did was embarrassing,_making the guest very embarrassed and it also embarrassed me.(embarrass)
2．The doctor said her father would recover soon and we wish her father would make a full recovery from the operation.(recover)
3．Patients cannot be treated with timely treatment because of a shortage of medicine.(treat)
4．The container on the table contains many kinds of fruits, including pineapples. (contain)
5．He prefers to surf the Internet rather than do anything else because playing computer is his preference．(prefer)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
in the long term; work out; as a matter of fact; fall out; side effect
Nowadays many girls have a strong desire to look as attractive as the film stars. And they begin to take pills which have 1.side_effects on their health. However, the weight remains the same. But they begin to come down with illness. What’s worse, their hair even 2.falls_out. 3.As_a_matter_of_fact,_ I think we should follow the doctor’s advice to go on a diet and 4.work_out regularly every day, which will benefit us 5.in_the_long_term. We should bear in mind that nothing counts more than our health.
take a risk; feel good; in no time; be ashamed of; recover from
Last year, while climbing a hill, Mary 6.took_a_risk of crossing a meadow ignoring our advice and was bitten by a poisonous snake. She passed out 7.in_no_time. Fortunately, she was rushed to a nearby hospital. After the doctors’ timely treatment, she 8.recovered_from injury. When she 9.felt_good,_she left hospital soon. Nowadays, she 10.is often ashamed_of herself for her reckless behavior.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我們本想到中午完成任務(wù)，但結(jié)果并沒像計劃的那樣。
We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite work_out_as_planned．
2．前兩項服務(wù)免費，但是第三項服務(wù)要花35英鎊。
The first two services are free, while_the_third_costs ￡35.00.
3．噪音使我整夜都沒睡著，因此我考試沒有考好。
The noise kept_me_awake all night, so I didn’t do well in the exam.
4．他決定繼續(xù)自己的學(xué)業(yè)，我也是。
He has made up his mind to continue with his studies, and so_have_I．


figure　n．?dāng)?shù)字；圖形；人物；身材；人影　v．計算；想；估計；認(rèn)為
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中figure的詞性和含義
①(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. vt.認(rèn)為
②(2017·江蘇卷)Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. n．?dāng)?shù)字
③(北京卷)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty._n．人物
④ (福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years._n．身材
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(2019·全國卷Ⅰ) It is difficult to_figure_out(弄明白) a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.

(1)keep one’s figure　 保持體形
(2)figure out 想出，理解；弄明白，看透
figure on 期待，指望，依賴
figure in 把……列入計算/考慮范圍
figure that 認(rèn)為，認(rèn)定
[佳句背誦] I couldn’t figure out how she managed to keep her figure. She figured that taking exercise was the best way to lose weight. 　我弄不明白她是怎樣保持身材的。她認(rèn)為鍛煉是最好的減肥方法。
[詞塊助記]
a slim figure 苗條的身材
the latest trade figures 最新的貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)
check up the figure 核對一下這個數(shù)字
a public/a leading/an authority figure
一個公眾/領(lǐng)軍/權(quán)威人物
ashamed　adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①He felt ashamed of cheating in the exam, determined never to do such things again.
②It is a shame that a good student should do something like that.
③It is shameful(shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④讀了上面如此多的媽媽們的抱怨，我感到羞愧和內(nèi)疚。
Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I_feel_ashamed_and_guilty．

(1)be ashamed to do... 恥于做……；因難為情而不愿做……
feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth.
為(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)It’s a shame that.../What a shame that...
……真讓人遺憾。
(3)shameful adj. 可恥的；不道德的　
[佳句背誦] In my opinion, you should be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.
依我看來，你應(yīng)該對自己愚蠢的行為感到羞恥。
failure　n．衰退，衰竭；失?。还收?，失靈
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Knowing what you are doing reduces the risks of failure(fail)．
②The art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.
③It is very important to find out why you failed to_achieve(achieve) your goal.
④(福建卷)Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures(fail)．

(1)a failure 一個失敗的人，一件失敗的事
(2)fail v. 在……中失?。煌?、未能(做某事)
fail to do sth. 沒能做某事
fail (in) sth. 失敗，沒有通過……　
[佳句背誦] As we all know, failure is the mother of success.　眾所周知，失敗是成功之母。
contain　vt.包含；容納；容忍
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/猜測加黑詞的含義
①He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing(contain) the best advice I’ve ever had.
②When he was criticized by the boss, he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself(he)．
③The newly-built stadium is big enough to contain twenty thousand students and teachers.容納
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我們班有60名學(xué)生，包含35名男生和25名女生。
④There are 60 students in our class, containing_35_boys_and_25_girls．(contain)
⑤There are 60 students in our class, including_35_boys_and_25_girls．(including)
⑥There are 60 students in our class, 35_boys_and_25_girls_included．(included)

(1)contain oneself 克制自己
(2)container n. 容器；集裝箱；貨柜　
[佳句背誦] After the meal, a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other.　飯后，每個人都會收到一個吉祥飾物和一個裝著壓歲錢的紅包，并互相說一些吉祥話。(2017·浙江卷11月)
[名師點津]
(1)contain指某容器中盛有某物、裝有某物；
(2)include表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)，常構(gòu)成分詞短語sth.included/including sth.。
damage　vt.& n．損害，傷害
[能力提升]——完成句子/一句多譯
①他不會做任何有可能損害他名譽的事情。
He won’t do anything that may cause_damage_to_his_reputation．
②眾所周知，吸煙會損害我們的健康。
a．As we all know, smoking can do_damage_to_our__health．(damage n．)
b．It is well known that smoking can damage_our_health．(damage vt.)

(1)damage sb.’s career/reputation/health
損害某人的事業(yè)/名譽/健康
(2)do/cause damage to... 對……造成損害　
[佳句背誦] The accident caused some damage to my car, but it’s nothing serious.　這起事故對我的車造成了一些損傷，但是并不嚴(yán)重。(遼寧卷)
prefer　vt.(preferred, preferred, preferring)更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①I’m quite satisfied, and I prefer renting such an apartment to buying(buy) one.
②Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to_stay(stay) longer and spend more time.
③(2019·天津卷)Several reasons may account for my preference(prefer) for western painting.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我寧愿過簡單的生活也不愿浪費有限的資源。
④I prefer_to_live_simply_rather_than_waste the limited resources. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)
⑤I prefer_living_simply_to_wasting the limited resources. (prefer doing sth. to doing sth.)
⑥I would_live_simply_rather_than_waste the limited resources. (would do sth. rather than do sth.)
⑦I would_rather_live_simply_than_waste the limited resources. (would rather do sth. than do sth.)

(1)prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth.
寧愿(做)某事而不愿(做)某事
prefer to do sth. 更喜歡做某事
prefer sb. to do sth.
希望/愿意某人做某事
(2)
(3)preference n. 偏愛；優(yōu)先權(quán)；偏愛的事物
　
[佳句背誦] I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.　在下個月的歡迎儀式上，與中國的傳統(tǒng)服裝相比，我更喜歡校服。(2019·江蘇卷)
[名師點津] (1)prefer不用于進行時。
(2)prefer相當(dāng)于like better，所以prefer不可與比較級連用。
suffer　vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦或困難)，受苦；經(jīng)受(損失等)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯
①a. Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering from hunger.
b．(2019·浙江卷6月)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered from the greatest water shortage.刪除from
②It is hard to imagine the pain and suffering(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))He had_never_suffered_such_a_great_loss(從未遭受過這么大的損失) before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
④(高級表達(dá))Never before in his life had_he_suffered_such_a_great_loss,_so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒裝)
⑤(高級表達(dá))Not having_suffered_such_a_great_loss before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life.(分詞作狀語)

(1)suffer作及物動詞時，指遭受一般的痛苦、損害等，其賓語常為loss，pain，punishment，defeat, hardship, disappointment等。
(2)suffer from 受……苦；患病
(3)suffering n. 受苦；苦難　
[佳句背誦] ①Neilson considers herself lucky though she suffered injuries.　盡管受了傷，尼爾森還是認(rèn)為自己很幸運。(湖北卷)
②All day and all night it snowed, and the city began to suffer from a general traffic jam.　
大雪不分晝夜地下，全城開始陷入交通大擁堵。
[詞塊助記] suffer from a heart attack心臟病發(fā)作
suffer a great deal from cold and hunger饑寒交迫
effect　n．結(jié)果；效果，效能；作用，影響
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
②a.The new law will come into effect in 2022; surely it will have an effect on the industry of the country.
b．It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare every effort to do it.
③a.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective(effect) at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
b．(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively(effect)．
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
④(普通表達(dá))Smoking is bad for your health, so you’d better give it up.
(高級表達(dá))Smoking affects/has_a_bad_effect_on your health, so you’d better give it up.

(1)have an effect on/upon 對……有影響
bring/carry/put...into effect
實施； 使生效
come/go into effect 開始生效； 開始實施
take effect 生效；開始實施
in effect 實際上；有效
(2)effective adj. 有效的　
[佳句背誦] Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees’ professional development.　有利的政策正在有效地鼓勵員工的職業(yè)發(fā)展。(2019·江蘇卷)
[名師點津] 表示“實際上”的表達(dá)還有in fact, in reality, in practice, actually, as a matter of fact等。
[詞塊助記]
cause and effect 因果關(guān)系
side effect 副作用
take effective steps 采取有效措施
count　vt.& vi.數(shù)；有價值；重要；認(rèn)為，看作；包括，把……計算在內(nèi)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(浙江卷)It is not how much you read but what you read that counts(count)．
②The whole team count on Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
③Don’t always count on others to_help(help) you; you are old enough to do the work by yourself.
④(2019·北京卷)Wilson has covered an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless(count) pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤To be honest, I count_her_as_one_of_my_best_friends(認(rèn)為她是我最好的朋友之一) in our school.

(1)count on sb./sth.(to do) 依靠；指望
count in/out 把……計算在內(nèi)/
不把……計算在內(nèi)
count...as... 認(rèn)為……是……
(2)countless adj. 無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的
　
[佳句背誦] By contrast, hard work is something that everyone can count on/upon. It might bring luck.
比較而言，努力是我們每個人都能指望的東西，而且常常是努力帶來運氣。
[詞塊助記]
count from one to one thousand　從1數(shù)到1 000
count (up) to ten 數(shù)到10
keep (a) count of 數(shù)得清；記錄
concentrate　vi.集中(注意力、思想等)；集中于；使……集中
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
b．If you concentrate all your energies on the study of English, you will master the language.
②Speaking on the phone requires concentration(concentrate) and takes a driver’s attention from the road.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))Because he concentrated_his_attention_on(專注于) playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire.
④(高級表達(dá))With_his_attention_concentrated_on playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
⑤(高級表達(dá))Concentrating_his_attention_on playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (分詞作狀語)

(1)concentrate on/upon 專心于……
concentrate...on/upon... 把……集中于……
(2)concentration n. 專心；集中
[佳句背誦] If you are unable to concentrate your attention, you are unable to achieve your best level.
如果你不能集中注意力，你就無法達(dá)到最好的水平。
[名師點津] 表示“集中精力于……”的短語有：concentrate one’s attention on/upon, fix/focus one’s attention/mind on/upon, be absorbed in, bury oneself in/be buried in sth., put one’s heart into, keep one’s mind on, be devoted to。
[詞塊助記]
concentrate our efforts on improving education
集中精力改進教育
concentrate on one task 全神貫注于一項任務(wù)
amount　n．?dāng)?shù)量　vi.總計；共達(dá)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①A huge amount of environmental damage has_been_brought (bring) down by the destruction of the rainforests.
②Keeping what belongs to another person without permission amounts to stealing.
③Large amounts of money were spent on the magnificent building, but the poor were not allowed to have a single room.(be)

(1)an amount of/amounts of　 一定量的，些許
in large/small amount(s) 大/少量地
(2)amount to 等于，相當(dāng)于，達(dá)到　
[佳句背誦] A large amount of my time has been devoted to improving my English.　
我大量的時間都用來提高我的英語水平。
work out　鍛煉，計算出，制訂出，解決，結(jié)果，理解
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中work out的含義
①Can you work out how much money it will cost？計算出
②We didn’t plan our art exhibition, but it worked out well.結(jié)果
③He works out every day, so he must have a strong body.鍛煉
④We’d better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan.制訂出
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤他已經(jīng)花了兩年的時間寫一本關(guān)于育兒方面的書。
He has spent two years working_on_a_book about childcare.

(1)work at 在……工作(任職)；學(xué)習(xí)……
work on 從事(某工作)；致力于……
(2)at/out of work 在工作/失業(yè)　
[佳句背誦] ①To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.　為了解出這道數(shù)學(xué)難題，我已經(jīng)向拉塞爾教授請教了好幾次了。(陜西卷)
②Information about the job market can be a lifeline for those who are out of work.　對于那些失業(yè)的人而言，有關(guān)就業(yè)市場的信息可謂是他們的生命線。
fall out　(頭發(fā)等)脫落；吵架
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用fall的相關(guān)短語填空
①The salesman said the car was in good condition, and I was foolish enough to fall_for it.
②Study hard or you will fall_behind．
③To their surprise, he fell_off a horse at a parade.
④It is almost impossible to visit Florida without falling_in_love_with the state.

fall down 摔倒
fall off 從……掉下來
fall for 受……的騙，對……信以為真
fall behind 落后，跟不上
fall in love with 愛上　
[佳句背誦] I think that treatments of some sort had caused a lot of her hair to fall out.
我想可能是她接受的某種治療使她掉了不少頭發(fā)。
in the long term　從長遠(yuǎn)角度看
[能力提升]——完成句子
①這樣的發(fā)展看來可能性不大，起碼短期之內(nèi)應(yīng)當(dāng)如此。
Such a development seems unlikely, at least in_the_short_term．
②我所有的室友相互之間的關(guān)系都很好。
All of my roommates are on_good_terms_with_each_other．
③就薪水而言，這個工作倒是不錯，但是也有一些不利之處。
The job is great in_terms_of salary, but it also has some disadvantages.

in the long run 從長遠(yuǎn)角度看
in the short term/run 從短期角度看
in terms of 就……而言，從……方面
on good/bad terms with sb. 與某人關(guān)系友好/不好　
[佳句背誦] Protecting the environment is very costly, but in the long term, it will benefit the whole society.
保護環(huán)境花費巨大，但從長遠(yuǎn)來看，這將有利于整個社會。

as用作連詞
(教材P43)I think you look great as you are, and you’re a wonderful person.　我覺得你目前這個樣子看上去就很棒，而且你是一個非常優(yōu)秀的人。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①As technology develops, we can have access to the information swiftly.
②(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)In brief, do as the Chinese do when in China.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
隨著時間的推移，我逐漸適應(yīng)了學(xué)校生活。
③With_time_going_by,_I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(with)
④As_time_went_by,_I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(as)

(1)as是連詞，意為“按照”時，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。
(2)as是連詞，意為“隨著”時，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
(3)with是介詞，意為“隨著”時，后接名詞或代詞等構(gòu)成with短語或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?！?
[佳句背誦] ①As I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didn’t reply to your email as soon as I received it.　因為我正忙著準(zhǔn)備期末考試，我沒有一收到電子郵件就給你回復(fù)。(2017·天津卷)
②As I waited at the stop, I heard a big noise.
當(dāng)我在車站等車的時候，我聽到一個很大的聲響。
[名師點津] as可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“因為”。
while用作并列連詞
(教材P47)Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
有些運動通常在室內(nèi)進行，而另外一些在室外進行。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯
①(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while/when you’re trying to get work done.
②(2019·全國卷Ⅰ) While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
③(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, but rice has increased only 7 percent.but→while
[能力提升]——句式升級
④(普通表達(dá))On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While we were working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(2019·北京卷)
(高級表達(dá)) On the farm, we helped pick watermelons._While_working,_I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(狀語從句的省略)

(1)while用作并列連詞，表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而；可是”，用來連接兩個并列分句；
(2)while用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候”，從句謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞；
(3)while用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管；雖然”，從句往往位于主句之前；
(4)while用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“只要”?！?
[名師點津] (1)while還可用作名詞，意為“(一段)時間”。常見短語：after a while 過了一會兒；in a short while 一會兒以后；once in a while 偶爾，間或。
(2)while和but有所不同，while用于對比，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；當(dāng)同一個主語時應(yīng)用but，不用while表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語
(教材P58)Water helps keep your system clean.
水有助于保持人體內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)清潔。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation，offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing(flow)．
b．It is necessary that we keep the young generation informed(inform) of the current affairs.
②a.(廣東卷)In other words, we should keep the earth healthy(health) while using its supply of natural resources.
b．He kept his eyes closed(close) and stayed where he was.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(北京卷)為了更方便聯(lián)系我們，你最好把這張名片放在手邊。
To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep_this_card_at_hand．

“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，這里keep為使役動詞，意為“使……繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”。
(1)keep＋賓語＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/名詞
(2)keep＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞
(3)keep＋賓語＋過去分詞 　
[佳句背誦] New technology has been brought in since new-elected mayor came into power and carried out the new policy, keeping the city developing rapidly.
自從新當(dāng)選的市長上臺執(zhí)政并實行新政策以來， 新技術(shù)得以引進， 使得該市迅速發(fā)展。
[名師點津] 在“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間為主謂關(guān)系，過去分詞與賓語之間為動賓關(guān)系。
倒裝句：so＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語
(教材P58)Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports.
行走和騎自行車算是鍛煉，在學(xué)校進行的體育活動也算。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·全國卷Ⅲ) The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers.
②They couldn’t find out the cause of the fire; neither/nor could we.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(湖北卷)—Father, you promised!
—Well, so_I_did(我的確如此). But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
④Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So_it_was_with_Jane/It_was_the_same_with_Jane(簡也是如此)．

(1)“so＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”意為“……也一樣”，表示前面所述的肯定情況也適用于后者。
(2)“neither/nor＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”，意為“……也不”，表示前面所述的否定情況也適用于后者。
(3)“so it is with...＝it is the same with...”意為“……也一樣”，表示前面出現(xiàn)的兩種或幾種情況也適合于另一個人或事。
(4)“so＋主語＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞” 意為“……的確如此”，表示同意上文所述內(nèi)容?！?


維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．You can never make any achievements(achieve) without any great efforts.
2．It was the engine failure(fail) that caused the accident.
3．Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what counts(count) is what they do with it.
4．We should take effective(effect) measures to prevent the globe from becoming warmer and warmer.
5．Within a few days Ada became seriously ill, suffering(suffer) great pain and discomfort.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t work out as you expect.
2．Baby teeth do not last long and they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth.
3．Mary will go to Peter’s birthday party tomorrow. So will I.
4．They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.
5．They took a long time to recover from this shock.
維度三　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.損害
2．To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.數(shù)量
3．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). 包含
4．(2017·北京卷)For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.故障
5．You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.羞恥的
維度四　易錯誤用(改正下列句子中的錯誤)
1．The basketball team suffered from a sharp defeat in last Friday’s match.刪除from
2．He lost his backpack, which contained a lot of things, included an expensive cellphone.included→including
3．Every minute, when made the most of study the lessons, will benefit students a great deal.在study前加上to
4．The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of them are beyond our control.them→which或在most前加and或刪除are
5．The professor preferred giving lectures to students to go to the party.go→going
6．This experiment turned out to be failure, but, as we know, success often comes after failure.在第一個failure前加上a
7．Equipped himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.Equipped→Having_equipped或刪除himself
8．This kind of method will not work out, at least on the short run.on→in
維度五　完成句子
1．請按我現(xiàn)在正在做的這樣做這個試驗好嗎？
Will you please do the experiment as_I_am_doing now?
2．我在出去旅游之前必須鍛煉身體。
I have to get_into_shape before I set out on a trip.
3．在英語課上，我未能回答出老師的問題，對此感到羞愧。
In an English class, I couldn’t answer my teacher’s question and I was_ashamed_of that.
4．你知道不管你做出什么決定，你都會得到我們的全力支持。
You know that you have our full support no_matter_what_you_decide．
5．夏季躺在樹下讓我很放松。
Lying under the tree in summer keeps_me_very_relaxed．

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，請補全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
Nowadays, more and more teenagers who are overweight feel 1.embarrassed(embarrass) about their figures. As a matter of fact, everyone wants to be slim and 2.energetic(energy). To look attractive, some of them begin to go on 3.a diet, while some even turn to pills for help, 4.which may really work in a short time.
Health experts say these pills may have side 5.effects(effect) such as falling out, and liver failure. 6.Because weight-loss pills contain chemicals which may cause damage to body, they advise teenagers to work out 7.regularly(regular) and get into shape in the long term. 8.Walking(walk) and riding a bike also count. At the same time, having a 9.balanced(balance) diet is necessary. Don’t skip breakfast. A certain amount of fruit and vegetables should 10.be_eaten(eat) every day.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
1．補全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①為了保持體形，格林夫人嘗試了不同的方法。
In order to keep_her_figure,_Mrs. Green tried different ways.
②她節(jié)食。
She went_on_a_diet．
③她買了一些設(shè)備來鍛煉身體。每天她都用這些設(shè)備鍛煉。
She bought_some_equipment for physical exercise.She worked_out with these equipment every day.
④不久她就放棄了。她發(fā)現(xiàn)像這樣繼續(xù)下去很難。
It was not long before_she_gave_up．
She found_it_difficult_to_continue like this.
⑤她開始吃減肥藥，這些藥有副作用，損害了她的健康。她受了很多罪。
She began to take_weight-loss_pills．The pills had_side_effects and damaged_her_health. She suffered_a_lot．
⑥從她的經(jīng)歷看，我們知道減肥時必須多加小心。
From her experience，we know that we must be more careful when losing_weight．
2．升級平淡句
⑦用定語從句升級句③
She_bought_some_equipment_for_physical_exercise_with_which_she_worked_out_every_day.
⑧用原因狀語從句升級句④
It_was_not_long_before_she_gave_up,_for_she_found_it_difficult_to_continue_like_this._
⑨用定語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句升級句⑤
She_began_to_take_weight-loss_pills,_which_had_side_effects_and_damaged_her_health,_so_she_suffered_a_lot.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：at first, at the same time, however, then)
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One possible version:
In order to keep her figure, Mrs. Green tried different ways. At first, she went on a diet. At the same time, she bought some equipment for physical exercise with which she worked out every day. However, it was not long before she gave up, for she found it difficult to continue like this. Then she began to take weight-loss pills, which had side effects and damaged her health, so she suffered a lot. From her experience, we know that we must be more careful when losing weight.

課時練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
閱讀理解
A

(2020·福建質(zhì)檢)Australian adults want to see “l(fā)ife skills” introduced into school curriculum, including money management, job preparation and domestic tasks. New research from Monash University showed Aussie adults also widely supported the inclusion of technology, coding and artificial intelligence subjects in student curriculum to prepare them for future jobs.
Co-author Professor Neil Selwyn, from Monash’s new Education Futures think tank, said the survey results of more than 2，000 Australians had taken himself and Dr. Deana Leahy by surprise.“The life skills—I wasn’t expecting that at all，” he said. Those quizzed were asked to rate the value of a list of subjects already in the curriculum, and were also given an open space to write what they think should be included. Prof. Selwyn said people called for schools to teach financial skills, budgeting, cooking and doing taxes.“You could argue that these are things people should be learning themselves, or learning from their families，” he said.“But we’ve got to be thinking forward in terms of the skills people will need for jobs and their ways of living.”
One respondent said schools should introduce a “contemporary life skills” subject：“A compulsory 1-hour a week class on skills needed that parents seem continually unable to teach their kids”. Suggestions for the class included resume writing, filing tax returns and health claims. Another respondent called for students to be taught “general life skills” as unfortunately not enough kids will have parents to actually be bothered to educate them or simply parents don’t know themselves.
Of the subjects, maths was the highest ranked(75.5 percent), followed closely by English(74.8 percent). And while science was the third highest ranked subject(46.2 percent), it was more strongly supported by those who earned higher wages and were university-educated compared to lower income earners.
Aspects of school life considered least important were students having fun, learning about things that interested them and being given the opportunity to be creative.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。來自莫納什大學(xué)的新的研究表明，澳大利亞成年人廣泛支持將科技、人工智能等科目引入學(xué)校課程，以讓學(xué)生為他們未來的工作做好準(zhǔn)備。
1．Why did the adults suggest adding “l(fā)ife skills” to school curriculum?
A．To vary school curriculum.
B．To enrich students’ school life.
C．To prepare students for future work and life.
D．To save parents the trouble of educating kids.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Aussie adults also widely supported the inclusion of...to prepare them for future jobs”，并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，澳大利亞成年人支持將“生活技能”引入學(xué)校課程旨在讓學(xué)生為他們未來的工作和生活做好準(zhǔn)備，故C項正確。
2．What did Prof. Selwyn think of the adults’ suggestions?
A．Reasonable. B．Ridiculous.
C．Interesting. D．Impractical.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“You could argue that...But we’ve got to be thinking forward in terms of the skills people will need for jobs and their ways of living.”可知，Selwyn教授認(rèn)為成年人將“生活技能”引入學(xué)校課程的建議是合乎情理的，故A項正確。
3．What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．Differences of school subjects.
B．Reasons for the school survey.
C．Opinions from the surveyed.
D．Investigations of the respondents.
C　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“One respondent said schools should introduce a ‘contemporary life skills’ subject”和“Another respondent called for students to be taught ‘general life skills’”可知，第三段主要介紹了被調(diào)查者的觀點，故C項正確。
4．What can we know from the text?
A．The present curriculum is to adults’ taste.
B．Contemporary life skills involve resume writing.
C．Students’ interests have been greatly promoted.
D．The parents quizzed think well of school life.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“One respondent said schools should introduce a ‘contemporary life skills’ subject...included resume writing, filing tax returns and health claims.”可知，當(dāng)代生活技能包括寫簡歷、提交納稅申報單和健康索賠，故B項正確。
B

(2020·淮北統(tǒng)考)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage(傳統(tǒng)) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇議論文，主要探討了食物和文化之間的聯(lián)系。
5．What’s the function of food mentioned in the text?
A．To help motivate homesickness.
B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country’s history.
D．To show a community’s superiority.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are.”，再根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是顯示國家身份。
6．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The specific traditional food.
B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food.
D．The old-fashioned taste.
A　解析：代詞指代題。通讀第二段可知，傳統(tǒng)食物是文化的一個重要部分，它顯示了文化身份，移民不管去哪兒都帶著它，它象征著對自己文化的驕傲，也是應(yīng)對鄉(xiāng)愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代傳統(tǒng)食物。
7．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知，移民不僅把菜肴賣給來自相同國家的人，還賣給其他國家的人。為了使菜肴受到顧客的歡迎，一些移民不得不改變傳統(tǒng)的菜肴。
8．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures?
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
B　解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句“We should embrace our heritage(傳統(tǒng)) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.”可知，我們應(yīng)該通過我們文化的食物來接受我們的傳統(tǒng)，但也應(yīng)該通過嘗試其他文化的食物來了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者對不同的食物文化持客觀公正的態(tài)度。
完形填空
(2020·阜陽診斷性測試)I received 3 missed calls from a number I didn’t recognize today. I __1__ it was something to do with an accident I had recently. I was ready to answer __2__ when the number called a 4th time. __3__， I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had __4__ anything. I said I didn’t think so and __5__ who it was.
It was a man called Darren who __6__ he was behind me in the shop this morning. As I was leaving, my purse __7__. He picked it up and __8__ to see where I had gone but he couldn’t see me any more. So he opened my purse and called the __9__ inside it.
I have just been to __10__ him to get my purse back, only to find out Darren is __11__ and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff. He even apologized as he said he had taken out some __12__ to call me to return my purse. But __13__ a few pounds used to contact me, everything was all still __14__. I admit that I wouldn’t have blamed him if he’d spent more of the __15__．
I felt __16__ that someone returned it, and that the person who returned it was someone who had __17__. It made me __18__ not only was I lucky that my purse was found by someone __19__， but that I was going to a warm home.
The __20__ would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文通過作者的錢包失而復(fù)得的故事告訴我們：只要人人都能夠善良對待他人，我們的世界將會變成更加美好的地方。
1．A.assumed　 B．promised
C．declared D．a(chǎn)greed
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者有三個來自同一號碼的未接來電，作者認(rèn)為(assumed)這和自己最近的一起事故有關(guān)。promise “許諾”；declare “宣布”；agree “同意”。
2．A.gently B．gratefully
C．humorously D．eagerly
D　解析：根據(jù)上文“I ______ it was something to do with an accident I had recently.”可推知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接這通電話。gently“溫和地”；gratefully “感激地”；humorously “幽默地”。
3．A.Often B．Instead
C．Still D．Besides
B　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者認(rèn)為那通電話和自己的一起事故有關(guān)，但是接通電話后才知道并非如此。此處前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故Instead “相反”符合語境。
4．A.explored B．bought
C．lost D．checked
C　解析：根據(jù)第二段和第三段的描述可推知，Darren撿到了作者的錢包，因此他打電話問作者是否丟了(lost)什么東西。
5．A.forgot B．remembered
C．suspected D．a(chǎn)sked
D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者接電話時并不知道打電話的人是誰，因此作者問(asked)對方是誰。forget “忘記”；remember “記得”；suspect “懷疑”。
6．A.explained B．requested
C．repeated D．believed
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，Darren向作者解釋(explained)了事情的經(jīng)過。
7．A.broke B．failed
C．dropped D．disappeared
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者離開商店的時候錢包掉在(dropped)地上了。
8．A.walked away B．looked around
C．turned up D．got through
B　解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可推知，Darren環(huán)顧(looked around)四周尋找作者。
9．A.card B．a(chǎn)ddress
C．bill D．number
D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打開作者的錢包，撥打了里面的號碼(number)。
10．A.meet B．question
C．beg D．remind
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，通過電話后，作者去見(meet)Darren以拿回自己的錢包。
11．A.hopeful B．helpful
C．homeless D．speechless
C　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ives rough in the streets of Cardiff”可推知，Darren是一個無家可歸的(homeless)人。
12．A.pictures B．change
C．tickets D．jewelry
B　解析：根據(jù)上文可推知，Darren很窮，他不得不從作者的錢包里拿出一些零錢(change)給作者打電話。
13．A.in spite of B．in terms of
C．owing to D．a(chǎn)part from
D　解析：根據(jù)語境及該句中的“But”可推知，Darren除了(apart from)從作者的錢包里拿出幾英鎊和作者聯(lián)系外，其余的東西都沒動(untouched)。
14．A.untouched B．unlimited
C．classified D．consumed
A　解析：參見上題解析。untouched “原封未動的”符合語境。
15．A.time B．effort
C．cash D．energy
C　解析：作者承認(rèn)，即使Darren從自己的錢包里多拿一些現(xiàn)金(cash)，作者也不會責(zé)怪他。
16．A.embarrassed B．surprised
C．worried D．relaxed
B　解析：作者的錢包丟了，有人撿到并歸還給作者，而且這個人一無所有(nothing)，這讓作者感到驚訝(surprised)。
17．A.everything B．something
C．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing
D　解析：參見上題解析。nothing “沒有什么”符合語境。
18．A.realize B．consider
C．recall D．imagine
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這件事讓作者意識到(realize)自己是幸運的，因為自己丟失的錢包被一個誠實的(honest)人撿到，并且作者將回到一個溫暖的家。
19．A.familiar B．polite
C．honest D．wise
C　解析：參見上題解析。
20．A.shop B．world
C．environment D．street
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，如果這個世界有更多像Darren這樣善良的人存在的話，這個世界(world)將會是一個更加美好的地方。
課時練2　1篇閱讀＋1篇七選五
＋1篇改錯＋1篇書面表達(dá)
閱讀理解

(2020·蕪湖高三月考)A large-scale study has found a link between eating a diet based on organic food and having a reduced risk of cancer. If the new results are confirmed, promoting organic food consumption could be a promising preventative strategy against diseases, a team of researchers from several French institutions said.
Among the environmental risks for cancer, there are growing concerns about exposure to different types of pesticides(殺蟲劑) from farming. The impact of such chemicals on the human body is still not well understood, but there are some indications that harmful effects can occur even at low concentrations.
Meanwhile, pushed by environment and health concerns, the organic food market continues to grow rapidly. Organic food is produced without the use of synthetic(合成的) fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms and veterinary(獸醫(yī)的) medications.
“Organic foods are less likely to contain pesticide remains than conventional foods, and studies have shown that an organic diet reduces exposure to certain pesticides，” Julia Baudry, lead author of the study from the Centre of Research in Epidemiology(流行病學(xué)) and Statistics in France, told Newsweek.
“In the general population, the primary route of exposure is the diet, especially intake of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables. However, few studies have examined the association between organic food consumption and cancer risk.”
For the study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, a team of researchers examined data on the organic food consumption frequency and dietary intake of 68，946 French adults collected by an ongoing survey which began in 2009. They then followed up these people at various points in the future.
Participants reported how often (never, occasionally or most of the time) they consumed 16 types of organic foods including fruits, vegetables, soy-based products, dairy products, meat and fish, eggs, grain and legumes, bread and cereals, flour, vegetable oils and condiments, ready-to-eat meals, coffee, tea and herbal tea, wine, biscuits, chocolate, sugar and so on.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，食用有機食品與降低患癌風(fēng)險之間存在聯(lián)系。如果新的研究結(jié)果被證實的話，提倡食用有機食品是一種很有發(fā)展前景的預(yù)防疾病的策略。
1．What is the finding of the study?
A．Processed food consumption may lead to an increased risk of cancer.
B．Promoting organic food consumption may help to prevent diseases.　
C．Organic food consumption can help cure cancer in a short time.
D．Eating a diet based on organic food may lead to the risk of cancer.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“If the new results are confirmed, promoting organic food consumption could be a promising preventative strategy against diseases...”可知，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)食用有機食品可能會幫助人們預(yù)防疾病。故選B項。
2．Why is organic food becoming popular nowadays?
A．Organic food never contains harmful chemicals.
B．Organic food market continues to grow rapidly.
C．People care about environment and health issues.
D．Organic food is produced in a clean environment.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Meanwhile, pushed by environment and health concerns, the organic food market continues to grow rapidly.”可知，現(xiàn)在有機食品流行是因為人們關(guān)注環(huán)境與健康問題。故選C項。
3．Which of the following is the advantage of organic food?
A．Organic food never contains harmful pesticide remains.
B．Organic food is less likely to be exposed to some pesticides.
C．Different types of pesticides won’t affect organic food.
D．Organic food won’t be influenced by outside environment.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Organic foods are less likely to contain pesticide remains than conventional foods, and studies have shown that an organic diet reduces exposure to certain pesticides”可知，有機食品含有殺蟲劑殘留物的可能性低于傳統(tǒng)食品，研究還表明有機食品可降低受某些殺蟲劑影響的程度。故選B項。
4．What might the article go on describing after the last paragraph?
A．The researching process of the study.
B．The disadvantages of organic food.
C．The bright future of organic food.
D．Other researches on organic food.
A　解析：推理判斷題。最后一段介紹了研究的參與者報告他們食用16種不同類型的有機食品的頻率，下一步應(yīng)該是對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行研究，即實驗的研究過程。A項意為“這項研究的研究過程”；B項意為“有機食品的缺點”；C項意為“有機食品光明的未來”；D項意為“其他關(guān)于有機食品的研究”。故選A項。
七選五
(2020·宿州高三診斷)Have you ever wondered what the real meaning of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is? 1.________. True friendship is the one, in which the individuals do not have to maintain good manners with each other. Sharing true friendship is the situation, when the person you are talking about is regarded as one among your family members, when the relation you share with him or her reaches a stage that even if you don’t correspond for some time, your friendship remains unchanged.
The trust between best friends is such that if one friend falls in trouble, the other will not think twice to help. If the bond between two friends is strong, true friends can tolerate even long distances. 2.________. It would not affect their friendship.
3．________. They would face it together and support each other, even if it is against the interests of the other person. Best friends don’t analyze each other and they don’t have to do so. They accept each other with their positive and negative qualities. 4.________. They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses. One would not overpower the other. They would respect each other’s individuality. In fact, they would understand the similarities and respect the differences.
True friendship is marked by selflessness. Best friends support each other, even if the whole world opposes them. 5.________. If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.
A．True friendship never fades away
B．Nothing is hidden between true friends
C．It is not easy getting true friends for the lifetime
D．For them, geographical separation is just a part of life
E．True friends don’t desert each other when one is facing trouble
F．Remember, all the best friends are friends, but not all friends can be the best friends
G．People talk about the true value of friendship actually without knowing what it stands for
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。在生活中，真正的友誼不會拘泥于各種禮儀，朋友彼此間都以誠相待，會毫不猶豫地幫助對方。
1．G　解析：空前一句是說，你曾經(jīng)想知道“患難見真情”的真正含義嗎？后一句解釋了什么是真正的友誼；由此可推知，空處應(yīng)是說很多人并不了解真正的友誼的含義。故選G。
2．D　解析：根據(jù)前一句中的“l(fā)ong distances”可知，此處敘述的是距離對雙方的影響，這與D項中的“geographical separation”相呼應(yīng)。故選D。
3．E　解析：根據(jù)后一句中的“face it together and support each other”可知，此處講述的是真正的朋友會共同面對困難并互相支持，這與E項中的“don’t desert each other”相呼應(yīng)。故選E。
4．B　解析：根據(jù)后一句“They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses.”可知，真正的朋友知道對方的優(yōu)點和缺點，雙方坦誠相見，故B項符合語境。
5．C　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.”可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也應(yīng)該感到幸運；由此可推知，C項“獲得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合語境。
短文改錯
(2020·昆明教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Our school encouraged us to experience some future careers last vacation. Some students choose to work as either cashiers in a store and waiters at a restaurant. I was one of the 500 student to join in the activity. I decided be an assistant in a photo studio because of I love taking photos. With the help of a advanced photographer in the studio, I opened my imagination in my daily work. I also developed practically skills which are necessary for them to face future challenges. The most important thing I’ve learned are to improve myself after I get my dream job.
答案：
Our school encouraged us to experience some future careers last vacation. Some students to work as either cashiers in a store waiters at a restaurant. I was one of the 500 to join in the activity. I decided be an assistant in a photo studio because I love taking photos. With the help of advanced photographer in the studio, I opened my imagination in my daily work. I also developed skills which are necessary for to face future challenges. The most important thing I’ve learned to improve myself I get my dream job.
書面表達(dá)
(2020·貴州適應(yīng)性考試)假定你是李華，為了幫助參加“一帶一路”交流項目的來華留學(xué)生更好地了解中國的傳統(tǒng)文化，你所在的學(xué)校決定舉辦春節(jié)聯(lián)歡活動。請給你的朋友Paul寫一封郵件邀請他參加，內(nèi)容包括：
1．時間、地點及參與者；
2．活動：寫“福”字、包餃子、學(xué)剪紙等；
3．目的：感受“年”味及傳統(tǒng)文化的魅力。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：一帶一路One Belt One Road
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One possible version：
Dear Paul，
How is everything going here in China? I am writing to tell you that our school will hold a Spring Festival celebration in the Art Center on January 28. And we will invite all the students from the One Belt One Road exchange program to participate to know more about Chinese culture. I hope you can come too.
During the celebration, we will write the Chinese character Fu, make dumplings and learn paper cutting. We hope these will help you experience the Spring Festival atmosphere. Besides, the celebration will show the charm of Chinese traditional culture.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua


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