一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．nut n．　　　　　　　　　　 堅(jiān)果；果仁
2．muscle n. 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉
3．bean n. 豆；豆科植物
4．fibre n. 纖維；纖維制品
5．cucumber n. 黃瓜
6．vinegar n. 醋
7．pepper n. 胡椒粉；辣椒
8．mushroom n. 蘑菇
9．lemon n. 檸檬
10．barbecue vt.& n．　 燒烤；烤肉
11．mutton n. 羊肉
12．roast adj. 烤制的
vt.& vi. 烤；烘；烘烤
13．bacon n. 熏咸肉；臘肉
14．cola n. 可樂(lè)飲料
15．sugary adj. 含糖的；甜的
16．poisonous adj. 有毒的
17．obesity n．　　 過(guò)度肥胖
18．vitamin n. 維生素
19．protein n. 蛋白質(zhì)
20．breast n. 胸部；乳房
21．garlic n. 大蒜
22．flavour n. (食物的)味道與氣味；特性
23．raw adj. 生的；未加工的
24．carrot n. 胡蘿卜
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．diet n．　　　　　　　　 日常飲食
vi. 節(jié)食
2．slim vi. 變細(xì)；減肥
adj. 苗條的；纖細(xì)的
3．lie n. 謊話；謊言
vi. 說(shuō)謊
4．customer n. 顧客；消費(fèi)者
5．consult vt. 咨詢；請(qǐng)教；商量
6．sigh vi. 嘆息；嘆氣
n. 嘆息；嘆息聲
7．debt n. 債；債務(wù)
8．hostess n. 女主人；女主持人
9．discount n. 折扣
10．digest vi.& vt. 消化
n. 摘要；概要
11．sign n. 牌示；標(biāo)記；符號(hào)
12．glare vi. 怒目而視；閃耀
n. 怒視；炫目的光
13．spy vi.& vt. 窺探；秘密監(jiān)視
n. 間諜；偵探
14．fry vt.& vi. 油煎；油炸
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．balance n．天平；平衡vt.平衡；權(quán)衡→balanced adj.均衡的　
2．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心　
3．weak adj.虛弱的→weakness n．缺點(diǎn)；虛弱；弱點(diǎn)
4．strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的→strength n．強(qiáng)項(xiàng)；長(zhǎng)處；力量→strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)；鞏固
5．limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．范圍；限制
6．benefit n．利益；好處vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的
7．combine vt.& vi.(使)聯(lián)合；(使)結(jié)合→combination n．結(jié)合；聯(lián)合
8．cooperate v．合作；配合→cooperation n．合作；協(xié)作→cooperative adj.合作的
1.與“購(gòu)物”相關(guān)的名詞一覽
①discount　　　　　　 折扣
②customer 顧客
③consumer 消費(fèi)者
④supermarket 超市
⑤bargain 便宜貨
2.以-ness為后綴的常見(jiàn)名詞薈萃
①weakness　　　　 虛弱；弱點(diǎn)；缺點(diǎn)
②kindness 仁慈；好意
③carelessness 粗心大意
④awareness 意識(shí)
⑤sickness 疾病
3.“看”法大全
①glare vi.& n．　　 怒視
②stare vi.& n. 凝視
③glance vi.& n. 掃視
④witness vt.& n. 目擊(者)
⑤observe vt.& vi. 觀察
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．lose__weight　　　　　　　 體重減輕；減肥
2．get__away__with 受到從輕發(fā)落；(做壞事)不受懲罰
3．tell__a__lie 說(shuō)謊
4．win...back 贏回；重新獲得
5．earn__one’s__living 謀生
6．in__debt 欠債
7．spy__on 暗中監(jiān)視；偵查
8．cut__down 削減；刪節(jié)
9．before__long 不久以后
10．put__on__weight 增加體重
11．glare__at 怒目而視
12．balanced__diet 平衡膳食

1.in＋n.表示“處于……之中”
①in debt　　　　　 欠債
②in trouble 在困境中
③in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中
④in progress 正在進(jìn)展中
⑤in surprise 吃驚
⑥in fashion 正在流行
2.“收入與支出”高頻短語(yǔ)
①cut down expenses　 削減開(kāi)支
②make ends meet 收支相抵
③earn/make money 掙錢
④bring in 掙得
3.v.＋ down 短語(yǔ)薈萃
①cut down　　 　 削減；刪節(jié)
②bring down 降低
③slow down 慢下來(lái)
④break down 出故障；身體累垮
⑤turn down 拒絕；調(diào)低
⑥settle down 定居；平靜下來(lái)
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義
“Nothing__could__be__better，” he thought.　他想：“沒(méi)有比這些更好吃的了。”
句型2：as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句
Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as__he__always__did.
要是李昌不像往常那樣到他的餐館里來(lái)吃飯，那一定是發(fā)生什么嚴(yán)重的事了。
句型3：can’t/couldn’t have sb. doing sth.不允許某人做某事
He could__not__have__Yong__Hui__getting__away__with telling people lies!
他可不能讓雍慧哄騙人們后跑掉！
句型4：neither...nor...意為“既不……也不……”，在句中連接兩個(gè)并列的成分
According to my research, neither__your__restaurant__nor__mine offers a balanced diet.　根據(jù)我的研究，你我兩家所提供的都不是平衡膳食。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses(缺點(diǎn)；弱點(diǎn)), your achievements, your desires, etc.
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers(顧客)will enjoy themselves in the historical environment which is created for them.
3．In order to be more charming and slimmer(苗條的), girls tend to go on a diet.
4．Many people experience difficulty in paying off their debts(債務(wù))．
5．For the sake of your health, you’d better not eat food which is hard to digest(消化) before.
6．They stood there, glaring(怒目而視) at each other without a word.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ七選五) If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. 肌肉
2．(2018·天津卷閱讀C)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊狀物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.(烹調(diào)用的)材料；原料
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀B)Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). 蛋白質(zhì)
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you learn it well, it will be beneficial to your future career. It is reported that many graduates have benefited from having a good command of English.(benefit)
2．David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.(strength)
3．We can’t always combine work with pleasure, and the combination is hard to get.(combine)
4．The natural resources we have are limited. Therefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit. (limit)
5．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously．To meet their curiosity,__we’d better answer them patiently.(curiosity)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
get away with; spy on; in debt; win back; before long; turn up; keep one’s word; earn one’s living
John was addicted to gambling and he was heavily 1.in__debt. He had no other way to 2.earn__his__living so he cheated his friend of a large amount of money. Obviously, he intended to 3.win__back the money lost in gamble, but in vain. 4.Before__long,__the police searched for him everywhere. Someone was sent to 5.spy__on his house and family members. Once he 6.turned__up in his house, he would be arrested immediately. They wouldn’t have him 7.getting__away__with cheating and his friends would never forgive him for not having 8.kept__his__word．　
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．她真的給我留下了深刻的印象，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更美妙的聲音了。
She really impressed me a lot for I __had__never__heard__a__more__beautiful__voice．
2．如果你像我建議的那樣和朋友合作，你會(huì)成功的。
You will succeed if you cooperate with your friends as__I__suggest．
3．我不允許你用粗魯?shù)姆绞礁愕膵寢屨f(shuō)話。你必須立刻向她道歉。
I can’t__have__you__speaking__to__your__mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.
4．我們的學(xué)校位于美麗的天津市，在秋天它既不太熱也不太冷。
Our school lies in Tianjin City, which is beautiful. In autumn, it is neither__too__hot__nor__too__cold．

balance　n．天平；平衡；余額　vt.平衡；權(quán)衡
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/猜測(cè)加黑詞的含義
①Before making the final decision, you’d better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
②Having a balanced(balance) diet is of great importance, especially for teens who are growing up.
③I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car.賬戶余額
[能力提升]——完成句子
④你太努力工作了，你最好在工作和休息之間保持平衡。
You are working too hard.You’d better keep__a__balance__between__work__and__relaxation．

(1)keep one’s balance　　　　 保持平衡
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
on balance 總的來(lái)說(shuō)
(2)balance A against B 權(quán)衡/比較A和B
(3)balanced adj. 平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的飲食　
[佳句背誦] It is very important to keep a balance between study and a social life, so you’d better join the team.　學(xué)習(xí)與社會(huì)生活之間保持平衡很重要，因此你最好參加這個(gè)隊(duì)。(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))
lie　n．謊話；謊言　vi.說(shuō)謊；躺；位于
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He didn’t finish his homework last night so he told lies(lie)．
②You could see from his expression that he was lying(lie) to us.
③The survivors lay(lie) on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
④The moment the bell rang, he laid(lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這個(gè)候選人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于他用英語(yǔ)和外國(guó)人交流的能力。
There__is__no__doubt__that this candidate’s advantage lies__in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.

(1)tell a lie/lies　　　　 撒謊
a white lie 一個(gè)善意的謊言
(2)lie to sb. 向某人撒謊
lie in 在于……
lie down 躺下　
[佳句背誦] He thought I was lying to him.As a matter of fact, I was telling the truth.
他認(rèn)為我在對(duì)他說(shuō)謊，實(shí)際上我講的是實(shí)話。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
動(dòng)詞
過(guò)去式
過(guò)去分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
詞義
lie vi.
lied
lied
lying
說(shuō)謊
lie vi.
lay
lain
lying
躺；位于
lay vt.
laid
laid
laying
放置；下蛋
strength　 n．[C]長(zhǎng)處；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)；[U]力量；體力
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In my view, the strength of riding bikes is that it can build up our body.
②As a good teacher，you should know your students’ strengths(strength) and weaknesses.
③(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))By participating in such activities, we improve our skills and strengthen(strength)our sense of cooperation.
[能力提升]——微寫作
④(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))為了強(qiáng)身健體，我們經(jīng)常組織各種各樣的活動(dòng)，例如打籃球、乒乓球等。
To__build__up__our__strength,__we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis.

(1)build up one’s strength　　　 增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)
The strength of...is that... ……的優(yōu)勢(shì)是……
strengths and weaknesses 優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)
(2)strengthen vt. 加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng) 　
[佳句背誦] As is known to us, unity is strength.No matter what difficulties we meet, we can get them over.　眾所周知，團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。不管遇到什么困難，我們都能克服。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”時(shí)，strength與weakness常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
limit　vt.限制；限定　n．界限；限度
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving(serve) the people.
②(2019·江蘇卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited(limit) resources.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他的英語(yǔ)水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人說(shuō)的話。
His English is__so__limited__that he can’t understand what the native speakers say.

(1)limit...to...　　　 把……限制在……內(nèi)
(2)set a limit to... 對(duì)……規(guī)定限度
there is a/no limit to...
對(duì)……是有限的/無(wú)限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 無(wú)限的　
[佳句背誦] The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.
文章的長(zhǎng)度限制在約400詞。 (全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))
benefit　vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益　n．好處；利益；優(yōu)勢(shì)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·北京卷) The students benefitting(benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged(參與) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(資源)．
②As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which I benefit a lot.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))了解中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀對(duì)你很有益。
③Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will benefit__you__greatly．(benefit vt.)
④Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be__of__great__benefit__to__you．(benefit n．)
⑤Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be__very__beneficial__to__you．(beneficial adj.)

(1)benefit from/by...　　 從……中受益；得益于……
(2)for the benefit of 為了……的利益
be of (much/great) benefit to
對(duì)……(極) 有益處
(3)beneficial adj.　　　　 有利的；有益的；對(duì)……有益
be beneficial to 對(duì)……有益
[佳句背誦] Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.　加入我們志愿者服務(wù)在給社區(qū)帶來(lái)益處的同時(shí)發(fā)展自身的技能。(2019·北京卷)
combine　vt.& vi.(使)聯(lián)合；(使)結(jié)合
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)The study of traditions should be__combined(combine) with practice.
②It was several factors that combined to__harm(harm) our friendship.
③The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④如果他能把自己的才能和勤奮結(jié)合起來(lái)，他應(yīng)該會(huì)非常成功。
If he can combine__his__ability__with/and__hard__work,__he should be very successful.

(1)combine...with/and...
　　　　　　　 把……與……結(jié)合起來(lái)
combine to do sth. 聯(lián)合起來(lái)干某事
(2)combination n. 結(jié)合；聯(lián)合；組合
in combination (with) (與……)聯(lián)合/結(jié)合　
[佳句背誦] In our daily life, we should try to combine exercise with a balanced diet.
在日常生活中，我們應(yīng)該把鍛煉與均衡飲食相結(jié)合。
get away with　受到從輕發(fā)落；(做壞事)不受懲罰
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用get的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①I’d like to spend a few days in the country to get__away__from the noise and pollution of London.
②I rang him several times this morning but could not get__through to him.
③If we can get__over our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
④For the benefit of your health, you should get__rid__of the habit of smoking.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤如果你給我一些如何和同學(xué)相處得好的建議我將感激不盡。
I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how__to__get__along__well__with__my__classmates．

get away from　　　　　 從……脫離；逃脫……
get down to (doing) sth. 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真地做某事
get rid of 擺脫；去除
get along well with 與……相處得好；進(jìn)展順利
get over 克服(困難)
get through 完成；通過(guò)；接通電話 　
[佳句背誦] Our English teacher is very strict with us. He won’t have us getting away with cheating in the exam.　我們的英語(yǔ)老師對(duì)我們要求很嚴(yán)格，他絕不允許我們?cè)诳荚囍凶鞅锥皇艿綉土P。
cut down　削減；刪節(jié)；減少；砍倒；降低；殺死；奪去……的生命
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中cut down的含義
①Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.減少；削減
②This article is too long, and you have to cut it down to 1，000 words.刪節(jié)
③Immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment.砍倒
④Hunger，cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.奪去……的生命
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤由于主要公路被切斷，這里與世界其他地方?jīng)]有任何聯(lián)系。
With__the__main__highway__cut__off,__there is no connection to the rest of the world.

cut in　　　　　　 插話；讓某人分享利潤(rùn)
cut up 切碎；齊根切掉
cut out 刪除
cut through 開(kāi)辟
cut off 切斷；中止；隔絕　
[佳句背誦] As is known to us，smoking is harmful to us.You’d better quit smoking or at least cut down the amount of smoking.
眾所周知，吸煙對(duì)我們身體有害，你最好戒煙或者至少減少吸煙量。

否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義
(教材P10)“Nothing could be better，” he thought.
他想：“沒(méi)有比這些更好吃的了?！?br /> [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)r. Smith is a great teacher—I really couldn’t find a better(good) teacher.
②You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))就我個(gè)人而言， 身體健康最重要。
③(普通表達(dá))In my view, health__is__the__most__important__thing in our daily life.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))From my point of view, nothing__is__more__important__than__health in our daily life. (否定詞＋比較級(jí))

表示最高級(jí)含義的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)否定詞＋比較級(jí)表示“沒(méi)有比……更……；沒(méi)有像……一樣……”，常用的否定詞有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
(2)can/could＋never/not＋...＋
　
[佳句背誦] As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by the teacher before classmates.　作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，我可以告訴你，沒(méi)有什么比在同學(xué)面前被老師表?yè)P(yáng)更好的了。
can’t/couldn’t have sb. doing sth.不允許某人做某事
(教材P10)He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能讓雍慧哄騙人們后跑掉！
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There is no need to worry about. I will have Tom pick(pick) you up at the airport.
②(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))I intended to take up a part-time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened(broaden)．
③(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to__catch(catch)．
[能力提升]——微寫作
④(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))非常抱歉星期五下午不能與你一起去書店。 我剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)那天下午我有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。
I’m terribly sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.I have just found that I have__an__important__meeting__to__attend that afternoon.

(1)can’t/couldn’t have sb. doing sth.
　　　　　 不允許某人做某事(否定句)
have sb./sth.doing sth.
讓某人做某事/讓某事發(fā)生(動(dòng)作持續(xù))(肯定句)
have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
have sth. done 讓別人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事
(2)have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定語(yǔ))　
[佳句背誦] I won’t have you making the same mistake again and again.
我不允許你反復(fù)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)have是使役動(dòng)詞就要考慮have sb. doing; have sb. do; have sth. done；(2)have是及物動(dòng)詞表示“有”時(shí)，就要考慮have sth. to do。

Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will be very beneficial(benefit) to your understanding of the poems.
2．(天津卷)We should overcome our weaknesses(weak) and fears with courage and determination.
3．The town lies(lie) on the coast with amazing scenery, which attracts many visitors every year.
4．A number of trees have__been__cut(cut) down to make way for the highway in recent years, which makes us very upset.
5．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a balanced(balance) diet to their health.
6．The beautiful scenery, combined(combine) with lovely weather and delicious food, made our visit to Qingdao pleasant and unforgettable.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．We could not have him getting(get) away with a fine, for he had made such a serious offence.
2．Without learning a lesson from our mistakes, we would neither improve our skills nor realize our goals.
3．The doctor told Bob his heart was in poor condition and that he must cut down on alcohol and smoking.
4．When I glanced out of the window, I saw them gathering(gather) around the building.
5．Later I won back his trust by helping him when he was in trouble.
6．To keep much slimmer(slim) and more energetic, I am on a diet.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2018·浙江卷6月閱讀C)Friedman points out that the green economy(經(jīng)濟(jì)) is a chance to keep American strength. n．實(shí)力
2．(浙江卷讀后續(xù)寫)But the helicopter didn’t come back again, and the day became darker. The slim hope in Jane’s eyes faded away.adj.微小的
3．(江蘇卷閱讀C)Rich countries gain more from powerful Niňos, on balance, than they lose. 總而言之；總的來(lái)說(shuō)

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
In my opinion, good health 1.lies(lie) in regular exercise and positive attitude.Meanwhile, you ought to keep the 2.balance(balanced) between study and relaxation.In addition, even if your time is 3.limited(limit), do take exercise regularly to build up your 4.strength(strong), which will be of great 5.benefit(beneficial) to your health.
(二)
My uncle helps people to stay strong and healthy at a fitness centre by 1.combining(combine) physical training with a healthy lifestyle.He 2.consults(consult) with the trainees before designing training programs.Usually the amount of exercise for each trainee per day 3.is__limited(limit) to an hour or so.Exercising immediately after meals is forbidden as people need to allow their food 4.to__digest(digest)．He also recommends every trainee attach importance to balancing work and relaxation.He says eating proper foods and avoiding unhealthy habits are supposed 5.to__benefit(benefit) a lot.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假定你是李華，是一名高中生。最近，你的筆友Amy給你寄來(lái)一封信，說(shuō)她因發(fā)胖而感到非?？鄲馈Ｕ?qǐng)根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)給她寫一封建議信。內(nèi)容包括：①注意飲食合理，營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡；②經(jīng)常鍛煉，保證睡眠充足；③調(diào)整心態(tài)。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①非常抱歉得知你因?yàn)榘l(fā)胖而傷心。下面是如何保持健康的一些建議。
I’m sorry to hear that you are upset because you have put__on__weight．The following are some tips on__how__to__keep__fit．
②為了保持健康，你需要均衡飲食。不要吃含糖和脂肪多的食物。含糖和脂肪多的食物容易使人發(fā)胖。
To keep healthy, you need have__a__balanced__diet．Don’t eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat.It will make you put on weight easily.
③經(jīng)常鍛煉是重要的。像騎車和散步這類的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身體有好處。它可以使你保持體形。
It is important to take regular exercise. Sports like riding and walking are__of__great__benefit__to__your__health．It can help keep you in shape.
④為了健康，擁有充足的睡眠和休息是有必要的。
For__the__benefit__of__your__health,__it is necessary that you should have enough sleep and rest.
⑤充足的睡眠使你身體得到放松。
Enough sleep makes__your__body__relaxed．
⑥沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心體重增加和減少。
There is no need to worry about weight__gain__and__weight__loss．
⑦健康是最重要的。
Health is__the__most__important．
⑧希望我的建議對(duì)你會(huì)有所幫助。
I hope my__tips__will__be__helpful__to__you．
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑨用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句②
To__keep__healthy,__you__need__have__a__balanced__diet.Don’t__eat__the__foods__containing__too__much__sugar__and__fat,__which__will__make__you__put__on__weight__easily.
⑩用否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義升級(jí)句⑦
Nothing__is__more__important__than__health.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：first of all, besides, as a result, last but not least, as far as I’m concerned)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Amy，
I’m sorry to hear that you are upset because you have put on weight.The following are some tips on how to keep fit.
First of all, to keep healthy, you need have a balanced diet.Don’t eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat, which will make you put on weight easily.Besides, it is important to take regular exercise.Sports like riding and walking are of great benefit to your health, which can help keep you in shape.Enough sleep makes your body relaxed.As a result, for the benefit of your health, it is necessary that you should have enough sleep and rest.Last but not least, there is no need to worry about weight gain and weight loss.As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more important than health.
I do hope my tips will be helpful to you.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets—Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet—may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.
Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.
New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low-fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.
Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.
However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。
1．What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?
A．They contain abundant calories.
B．They tend to be expensive.
C．They share certain similarities.
D．They reflect popular tastes.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，盡管有不同之處，但世界上最健康的飲食都使用很多當(dāng)?shù)氐暮蜁r(shí)令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鮮及更少的紅肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的飲食有一定的相似之處，故選C項(xiàng)。
2．How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?
A．By building connections.
B．By exploring reasons.
C．By listing examples.
D．By analyzing figures.
C　解析：寫作手法題。通讀后四段可知，作者列舉了這些健康飲食中的食物，故本文后四段是通過(guò)舉例子的方式來(lái)說(shuō)明中心觀點(diǎn)的。
3．Which can be the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?
B．How Does the Old Expression Serve?
C．Why Is a Healthy Diet So Important?
D．Where Can We Feed Ourselves Well?
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。故A項(xiàng)作為文章標(biāo)題最合適。
【難句分析】　A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer.
分析：本句是主從復(fù)合句。句中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作shows的賓語(yǔ)；who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。
譯文：最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)世界各地的飲食的研究表明，吃健康食物的人——且不吃過(guò)量——會(huì)活得更久。
B
(2020·杭州四校聯(lián)考)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage(傳統(tǒng)) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇議論文，主要探討了食物和文化之間的聯(lián)系。
4．What’s the function of food mentioned in the text?
A．To help motivate homesickness.
B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country’s history.
D．To show a community’s superiority.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are.”，再根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是顯示國(guó)家身份。
5．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The specific traditional food.
B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food.
D．The old-fashioned taste.
A　解析：代詞指代題。通讀第二段可知，傳統(tǒng)食物是文化的一個(gè)重要部分，它顯示了文化身份，移民不管去哪兒都帶著它，它象征著對(duì)自己文化的驕傲，也是應(yīng)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代傳統(tǒng)食物。
6．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知，移民不僅把菜肴賣給來(lái)自相同國(guó)家的人，還賣給其他國(guó)家的人。為了使菜肴受到顧客的歡迎，一些移民不得不改變傳統(tǒng)的菜肴。
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures?
A．Negative.　　　　　　　　 B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
B　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句“We should embrace our heritage(傳統(tǒng)) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.”可知，我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)我們文化的食物來(lái)接受我們的傳統(tǒng)，但也應(yīng)該通過(guò)嘗試其他文化的食物來(lái)了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者對(duì)不同的食物文化持客觀公正的態(tài)度。
【難句分析】　It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it.
分析：本句中It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式；“that each dish has...who prepare it”是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中含有“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞those。
譯文：重要的是要記住，每一道菜在它所屬的文化中都有一個(gè)特殊的位置，而且對(duì)于烹飪它的人來(lái)說(shuō)也是特別的。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·浙江六校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)In the super fast paced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.
Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.
1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________
Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.
Determining what is worth your time and effort and what is not can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.
4．________
Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever，“Donde comen uno, comen dos.(Where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.
A．Give back.
B．Be positive.
C．Fix them and find peace.
D．Do more of what makes you happy.
E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
G．In order to conquer and overcome the negativity, you must acknowledge it.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了幾個(gè)快樂(lè)生活的建議。
1．G　解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可推知，必須先承認(rèn)消極性才能戰(zhàn)勝和克服它。故選G項(xiàng)。
2．E　解析：根據(jù)該段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E項(xiàng)“為了充分地愛(ài)別人，要完全地愛(ài)自己”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E項(xiàng)。
3．C　解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修復(fù)那些值得你花時(shí)間的關(guān)系或友誼，故選C項(xiàng)。
4．A　解析：根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所在位置可知，空處為段落小標(biāo)題，該段主要是講去付出。故選A項(xiàng)。
5．F　解析：根據(jù)空前一句可知，生活就是付出我們的時(shí)間、精力、愛(ài)，有時(shí)是金錢，由此可推知，空處應(yīng)是講有付出就會(huì)有回報(bào)。故選F項(xiàng)。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
Beijing roast duck, which is honored as by far 1.____________(delicious) dish in the world, has won fame both at home and abroad. Nowadays, an increasing number of 2.____________(foreigner) traveling to Beijing fall in love with 3.____________.
Preparing quality roast duck 4.____________(be) a long, complicated process of many steps, from selecting the duck at the beginning to 5.____________(serve) it to the diners at the end. Each step is carefully taken to guarantee the roast duck is attractive in 6.____________(appear), red in color, fragrant, and hot with thin steam when served. In the restaurant, ducks are roasted upon the order of the diners. After a roast duck is ready, it is brought to the diners, in front of 7.____________ a chef will skillfully slice the juicy meat, each piece with well－cooked skin 8.____________(attach). You can dip the slices of duck into sweet sauce(醬), and wrap the meat with some spring onions inside a thin pancake, and only then does one finally take a bite! Normally, the remaining bones of the duck 9.____________(cook) slowly in a closed dish for making delicious soup. All goes well with wine, thus making the dinner 10.____________ unforgettable “full－duck banquet(宴席)”．
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了具有中國(guó)特色的菜肴——北京烤鴨。
1．the most delicious　解析：考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句中的“in the world”和語(yǔ)境可推知，空處表示最高級(jí)的含義，所以填the most delicious。
2．foreigners　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。foreigner是可數(shù)名詞，且與“an increasing number of”呼應(yīng)，所以填復(fù)數(shù)形式foreigners。
3．it　解析：考查代詞。此處用it代指上文提到的“Beijing roast duck”。
4．is　解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，且本句表示客觀描述，所以填is。
5．serving　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)固定詞組搭配from...to...“從……到……”可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞serving作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。
6．a(chǎn)ppearance　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子并根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處應(yīng)為名詞，作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，所以填appearance“外觀”。
7．whom　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“the diners”，空處在從句中作介詞短語(yǔ)in front of的賓語(yǔ)，故填 whom。
8．a(chǎn)ttached　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個(gè)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/分詞”。動(dòng)詞attach和skin構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以填過(guò)去分詞形式。
9．a(chǎn)re cooked　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，cook和句子主語(yǔ)“the remaining bones of the duck”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處是對(duì)一般情況的陳述，所以填are cooked。
10．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。banquet是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，表泛指，又unforgettable的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，所以填不定冠詞an。

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