三言
兩語(yǔ)
1.Born in America，in June，1880，Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.
2．Stephen Hawking was famed for his work with black holes and relativity，and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.
3．Beethoven began learning the violin and piano when he was only 5，and by the time he was 8 he was giving public concerts.
1.他全身心地投入工作，經(jīng)常工作到午夜，而沒(méi)有時(shí)間為自己著想，一心只為中國(guó)人民著想。
He put all his heart into the work and always worked until midnight，having no time to think about himself，but only the Chinese people.
2．他的人格魅力在于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)：對(duì)幫助別人他從不猶豫。
His charming personality lies in a simple fact that he never hesitates to help others.


[單詞　拼寫應(yīng)用]
核
心
單
詞
1.defeat vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗
2．expert adj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)豐富的
n．專家；行家
3．a(chǎn)ttend vt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加
4．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心
5．blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)
n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備
6．link vt.& n．連接；聯(lián)系
7．positive adj.積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的
8．enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的
9．foresee vt.預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知
10．handle n．柄；把手
vt.處理；操縱
11．cure n．治愈；痊愈
vt.治愈；治療
12．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
13．suspect_ vt.認(rèn)為；懷疑
n．被懷疑者；嫌疑犯
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
2．Not knowing what was wrong with his car，Martin decided to ask an experienced man to_handle(handle) the problem.
3．Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs，the Customs official stopped him and let him open his suitcase，but found nothing at all.
4．Few analysts foresaw (foresee) that oil prices would rise so quickly.
5．Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese cluture，I'd like to invite you to_attend(attend) the exhibition with me.
拓
展
單
詞
1.challenge n．挑戰(zhàn) vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→ challenging adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的
2．caution n．小心；警告→cautious adj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的
3．pollute vt.污染；弄臟→ pollution n．污染
4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)→ instruction n．說(shuō)明；傳授→ instructions (pl.)用法說(shuō)明；指示；命令
5．conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出→ conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；投稿→ contribution n．貢獻(xiàn)
7．reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→ rejection n．拒絕；拋棄
8．science n．科學(xué)→ scientific adj.科學(xué)的→ scientist n．科學(xué)家
9．a(chǎn)nnounce vt.宣布；通告→ announcement n．通知；宣告
10．certain adj.確實(shí)的；肯定的→ certainty n．確信；確實(shí)→ certainly adv.確定；肯定
11．construct vt.建設(shè)；修建→ construction n．建設(shè)；建筑物
12．responsible adj.有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的→ responsibility n．責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
2．She has_contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.(contribute)
3．The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
4．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge．Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging．(challenge)
5．In class, our English teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference to our English learning.(instruct)
6．The river is polluted and noise is another kind of serious pollution here.(pollute)
閱
讀
單
詞
1.characteristic n．特征；
特性
2．a(chǎn)nalyse vt.分析
3．physician n．醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科
醫(yī)師
4．victim n．受害者
5.outbreak n．爆發(fā)；發(fā)作(尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))
6．enquiry n．詢問(wèn)
7．neighbourhood n．附近；鄰近
8．pump n．泵；抽水機(jī)
vt.(用泵)抽(水)
9.firework n．煙火(燃放)
10．chart n．圖表
11．backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
12．universe n．宇宙；世界


1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)His office is located at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.作品；創(chuàng)作
2．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)On every single move you have to analyze a situation，process what your opponent is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.(棋子的)移動(dòng)；走棋
3．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.制成物；作品

[短語(yǔ)　多維應(yīng)用]
高頻短語(yǔ)
1.put forward提出
2．draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論
3．expose ...to使顯露；暴露
4．link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)
5．a(chǎn)part from除……之外；此外
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　(填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~)
From some cases，we drew ①the conclusion that we should close the window and lock the door in time.Apart②from it，we also put③forward several suggestions，one of which was that you should not expose this information ④to anyone when out.These suggestions would certainly cure us of the bad habits so that we could prevent such cases happening again.
6.be enthusiastic about 熱衷于；對(duì)……充滿熱情
7．make sense講得通；有意義
8．(be) strict with...對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的
9．contribute to有助于；捐獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致
10．be to blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備
11．look into調(diào)查
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　(填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~)
As an astronomer，I am enthusiastic ⑤about your new theory about the solar system.The following reason contributed ⑥to my suggestion.The present theory doesn't make ⑦sense，for we cannot conclude that the earth is the centre of the universe.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.
[句式　結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫]
教材原句背誦
句式仿寫應(yīng)用
1.every time作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
(浙江卷)每次他忙完一天的工作到家時(shí)，我們都在門口迎接他。
Every time he arrived home at the end of the day，we'd greet him at the door.
2.have sth.done使某事被做……
A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
別擔(dān)心，他將會(huì)盡力按時(shí)完成工作的。
There is no need to worry.He will try to have his work finished on time.
3.only ＋狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首的倒裝句
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
(湖南卷)只有你找到內(nèi)心的平靜你才能和他人相處得好。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you get on/along well with others.


1.conclude vt.& vi.斷定；推斷出；結(jié)束；終止
(1)conclude
conclude...with...以……結(jié)束……
(2)conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論
make a conclusion 下結(jié)論
in conclusion 最后；作為結(jié)論地；總之

conclude a bargain成交；達(dá)成協(xié)議
conclude his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home以祝大家歸途平安結(jié)束了講話

[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(浙江卷)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
②(四川卷)In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
③(上海卷)We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯
我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：有志者，事竟成。
①I drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclusion)
②I concluded from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclude)
2.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨
expose...to...使……顯露/暴露于/接觸到……
(be)exposed to...暴露于……；處于……危險(xiǎn)中

expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible
讓孩子盡量多地接受藝術(shù)和文化的熏陶

[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(遼寧卷)I am repeatedly exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.
②a.There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed(expose) to second-hand smoking in public places now.
　b．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when exposed(expose) to sunlight.
③Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to computer games.
[鏈接寫作]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))If you expose yourself to (把自己暴露在)the sunlight for too long, you will get your skin harmed.
(高級(jí)表達(dá)) Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))
3. absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心；并入，吞并；理解，掌握
(1)absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj.精神集中的
be absorbed in 專心致志于；全神貫注于
(3)absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入勝的

be deeply absorbed in work專注于工作
absorb new knowledge/information掌握新知識(shí)/新信息

[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(北京卷)When something did interest me, I could become absorbed(absorb)．
　b．The novel was so absorbing(absorb) that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
② (北京卷)When deeply absorbed (absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
[鏈接寫作]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))Tom was absorbed in (專心致志)watching the basketball match and he didn't notice his classmate coming up to him.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Absorbed in the basketball match，Tom didn't notice his classmate coming up to him.(分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
[名師點(diǎn)津]　be absorbed in sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用其過(guò)去分詞形式absorbed in...。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：be lost in...陷入……，專心致志于……；be caught in...被困在……；be buried in...埋頭于……；be devoted to...致力于……，專心于……；be occupied in/with...忙于……；be involved in...專注于……。
4.blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于 n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備
(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而責(zé)備某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事歸咎于某人身上
be to blame (for...) 應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任； 該受責(zé)備
(2)take the blame for...＝be responsible for...對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)
put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事歸咎于某人身上

bear the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任
blame the accident on dangerous driving
把事故原因歸咎于危險(xiǎn)駕駛

[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(廣東卷)Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser.
②(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(jí)
因?yàn)楸恢肛?zé)要為學(xué)校電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的崩潰負(fù)責(zé)，艾麗斯的情緒很低落。
(普通表達(dá))Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
[名師點(diǎn)津]　be to blame for sth.意為“應(yīng)為某事負(fù)責(zé)或受指責(zé)”，其中不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
5.contribute vt.& vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；導(dǎo)致；投稿
(1)contribute to 有助于；促成；為……做貢獻(xiàn)
contribute...to/towards...向……捐獻(xiàn)……；向……投稿
(2)contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)
make a contribution to/make
contributions to對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)

contribute ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund
向地震基金捐贈(zèng)了 5 000 英鎊
contribute a number of articles to the magazine
給這家雜志投了很多稿

[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2018·江蘇卷)Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
　b．(江蘇卷)It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods to children in need.
②(遼寧卷)Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
[鏈接寫作]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))He made such a great contribution to (做出如此大的貢獻(xiàn)) the university that the new library was named after him.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Such a great contribution did he make to the university that the new library was named after him.(倒裝句)
6.put forward 提出(建議)；推薦；將……提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥
put aside 節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存；留出
put away 放好；積蓄
put off 延期；推遲
put out 熄滅；生產(chǎn)
put up 舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
put through 接通電話；完成；使經(jīng)受
put down 放下；寫下
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——寫出下列句中put forward的含義
①Can I put your name forward for club secretary？推薦/提名
②I think he is fit for the position，therefore，I'll put him forward as a candidate.推薦
③Put your watch forward；it's five minutes slow.撥快
④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.將……提前
[鏈接寫作]——完成句子
①鼓勵(lì)孩子們存下一部分零花錢來(lái)購(gòu)買新年禮物。
Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Year presents.
②瑪麗真的很擅長(zhǎng)在課堂上做筆記。她幾乎能記下老師說(shuō)的每一句話。
Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put down almost every word her teacher says.
7.make sense 有意義；有道理；講得通
(1)make sense of 了解……的意義；懂得
in a sense 在某種意義上
common sense 常識(shí)
in no sense 決不(用在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)
(2)There is no sense in doing sth.(口語(yǔ))做某事是沒(méi)有道理的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(天津卷)See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn't make sense to buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②There is no sense in complaining(complain)．We should take action now.
③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
[鏈接寫作]——詞匯升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá)) There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all.
8.[教材佳句]Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治療方法。
[句法句式]句中neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致原則。
—
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
②a.Neither I nor Jane and Mary are(be) tired of having one examination after another.
　b．(湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
[鏈接寫作]—— 句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))Henry won't see a film tonight.His girlfriend Helen won't, either.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight.(neither...nor...)

多維訓(xùn)練——夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)
維度1——用所給詞的正確形式填空
1．Children, when exposed (expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
2. Absorbed (absorb) in her work, she didn't realize it was time for her to pick up her daughter.
3．We discussed the problem many times, but still could come to no conclusion (conclude)．
4．The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the driver of the lorry that should be to blame (blame)for it.
5．Neither my wife nor I myself was (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.
維度2——在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~
6．(2017·江蘇卷)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
7．(2018·天津卷)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
8．The underground is under construction here at present and will be completed in 2022.
9．It was Stephen Hawking that put forward a theory about black holes.
10．Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
維度3——查缺補(bǔ)漏
11．Always read the instructions (instruction) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
12．(2017·江蘇卷)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges (challenge) from the modern market.
13．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle (handle) the problem.
14．It's reported that the astronauts will carry out a series of scientific (science) experiments in space.
15．When the detective looked into the case, he was threatened by an unknown man.
語(yǔ)篇練習(xí)——提升能力
提能一　單元話題語(yǔ)篇練
根據(jù)P2—3教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he 1.attended (attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he was famous for 2.defeating (defeat) “King Cholera”．
Cholera was a 3.deadly (dead) disease and neither its cause 4.nor its cure was understood.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem.He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry.He found that many victims 5.linked (link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle 6.removed (remove)．Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He drew 7.the conclusion that the polluted water was 8.to blame (blame)．
The water 9.companies (company) were instructed not to expose people 10.to polluted water any more.Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
提能二　單元話題寫作練
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(加黑體部分請(qǐng)利用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①在歷史的長(zhǎng)河中，科學(xué)家為這個(gè)世界做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。
Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world.
②我認(rèn)為，科學(xué)家就是那些在工作中嚴(yán)格要求自己及總是專注于他們所從事的每件事的人。
As far as I'm concerned, scientists are those who are strict with themselves in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do.
③科學(xué)家們對(duì)他們得出的每個(gè)結(jié)論都非常謹(jǐn)慎。他們反復(fù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)他們提出的理論。
Scientists are very cautious of every conclusion they draw and they do experiments again and again to test the theory they have put forward．
④科學(xué)家們都牢記這一點(diǎn)：一個(gè)理論如果無(wú)法幫助世人從所陷入的不可預(yù)料的困境中解脫出來(lái)的話，就沒(méi)有意義。
Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense if it can't benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers.
⑤科學(xué)家們耗盡一生的心血，只為找到這樣的一個(gè)理論。
Scientists devote all their life to their research in order to find such a theory.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
(1)用unless升級(jí)句④
Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense unless it can benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers．
(2)用so that改寫句⑤
Scientists devote all their life to their research so that they can find such a theory．
3．銜接成美文
Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world. As far as I'm concerned, scientists are those who are strict with themselves in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do. Scientists are very cautious of every conclusion they draw and they do experiment again and again to test the theory they have put forward. Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense unless it can benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers. Scientists devote all their life to their research so that they can find such a theory.

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