專題08 閱讀理解-2025年（初升高銜接）新高一英語暑假預(yù)習(xí)講義（含答案解析）

這是一份專題08 閱讀理解-2025年（初升高銜接）新高一英語暑假預(yù)習(xí)講義（含答案解析），文件包含專題08閱讀理解原卷版docx、專題08閱讀理解解析版docx等2份學(xué)案配套教學(xué)資源，其中學(xué)案共33頁， 歡迎下載使用。
一、細(xì)節(jié)理解類
（一）明考查方式和考查角度
Ⅰ.把握細(xì)節(jié)理解題的常見設(shè)問方式：
(1)特殊疑問句形式：以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。
(2)填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。
(3)就文中數(shù)字、排序等提問。
Ⅱ.明晰細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查角度：
(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：直接信息題；間接信息題。
(2)低頻考點(diǎn)：數(shù)字計(jì)算題；正誤判斷題；細(xì)節(jié)排序題。
(二) 細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)特征
同義替換指對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把lse ne's jb換成了be ut f wrk。有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把imprtant變換成f imprtance；改變?cè)闹芯渥拥恼Z態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
信息歸納用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。
正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。
原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)。
(三)細(xì)節(jié)理解題干擾選項(xiàng)特征
張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。
無中生有符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。
曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)。
顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。
正誤參半部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。
二、推理判斷類
（一）明確考查特點(diǎn)
Ⅰ.把握推理判斷題常見的命題方式
(1)We can infer frm the (first ) passage that ________．(2)The passage/authr implies/suggests that ______．
(3)It can be cncluded frm the passage that ______．(4)The main purpse f the passage is ________．
(5)Where des this passage prbably cme frm?(6)What's the authr's attitude twards …?
(7)The writer develped the passage/his main idea by ________．
(8)The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________．
Ⅱ.掌握推理判斷題的考查角度
(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：推斷隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
(2)低頻考點(diǎn)：推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、讀者對(duì)象。
(二)推理判斷題正確選項(xiàng)特征
推理判斷題中的正確選項(xiàng)是依據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或證據(jù)推斷出的符合邏輯的結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)，正確選項(xiàng)一般具有以下特征：
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。
2．選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念。如nly, never, all, abslutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如ften, usually, smetimes, sme, may, might, can, culd, prbably等。
(三)推理判斷題干擾選項(xiàng)特征
1．曲解文意：即推測意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。推理判斷題中有些選項(xiàng)來自文章中的某一句或某幾句話，命題者可能會(huì)利用里面的詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)文章的意思，其實(shí)是借題發(fā)揮，是對(duì)原文意思的曲解。
2．張冠李戴：即把文章中作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆在一起。題干問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的卻是其他人的觀點(diǎn)；題干問的是其他人的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中卻出現(xiàn)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。
3．偷梁換柱：干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞，造成句意的改變。
4．無中生有：這種類型的干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)或普遍認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn)，但在文章中并無相關(guān)的信息支撐點(diǎn)。其次，這種干擾項(xiàng)也有可能與設(shè)置的問題毫不相干。
5．魚目混珠：魚目混珠類型的干擾項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類試題的選項(xiàng)中，即利用某個(gè)詞或句子的字面含義代替其在文章特定語境中的具體含義。
6．?dāng)U縮范圍：為了準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對(duì)文意范圍的限定，有時(shí)通過加上almst, all, nearly, mre than, nrmally, usually等詞語對(duì)文意加以限制。“擴(kuò)縮范圍”干擾法就是在選項(xiàng)中通過改變或去掉限制性詞語，將信息的范圍、程度、感情色彩等改變，從而給考生解題造成干擾的命題方法。
三、詞義猜測類
（一）明確考查特點(diǎn)
Ⅰ.把握詞句猜測題常見的命題方式
(1)The phrase “...” in the sentence culd be replaced by ________．
(2)The wrd “...” in the paragraph refers t ______．
(3)What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the ... paragraph？/What des the underlined wrd mean?
(4)Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase “...”？
(5)The wrd “...” mst nearly means ________．
(6)The underlined sentence in the secnd paragraph implies that ________．
Ⅱ.掌握詞句猜測題的考查角度
(1)猜測生詞或熟詞生義；(2)猜測短語的意義；(3)猜測替代詞所替代的內(nèi)容(如it, ne, they, this, that, these, thse等)；(4)猜測句意。
（二）明確方法技巧
（1）根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測
（2）根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測
（3）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生、合成等)進(jìn)行猜測
（4）根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測
（5）根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測
（6）根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測
（7）根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測
（8）意義吻合定句意
四、主旨大意類題型
（一）明確考查特點(diǎn)
Ⅰ.把握主旨大意題常見的命題方式
What is the main idea f the text?
What des the text mainly tell us?
What wuld be the best title fr the text?
The main idea f the first/secnd/third paragraph is ___________.
Paragraph 1/2/3 mainly deals with ___________.
Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度
主旨大意類題型主要測試學(xué)生對(duì)文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。
（二）明確方法技巧
1.閱讀文章的標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題
文章的標(biāo)題是一篇文章的題眼，通過閱讀標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。
2.尋找文章的主題句
分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過仔細(xì)閱讀短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主題句來歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除仔細(xì)閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細(xì)閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有時(shí)也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來說明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時(shí)，要求學(xué)生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學(xué)生綜觀全文，對(duì)段落的內(nèi)容要融會(huì)貫通，對(duì)文章透徹理解后歸納總結(jié)。主題句的特點(diǎn)是：1. 相對(duì)于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括；2. 主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡單；3. 段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋，支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的思想的。
五、理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)
文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)是文章重要的內(nèi)在特征，了解篇章段落的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)提高閱讀理解的準(zhǔn)度和速度有著不可估量的作用。因此，在平時(shí)的閱讀理解訓(xùn)練中要強(qiáng)化領(lǐng)悟段落、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及行文邏輯內(nèi)在規(guī)律，長此以往，內(nèi)化于心，潛移默化形成讀文的內(nèi)在“情思”，這個(gè)“情思”就是指與文章情感思路一致的、默契的思維流動(dòng)。具備了這種“情思”，快讀、精讀文章就達(dá)到了一種至高境界。
(一)記敘文中的“具體事例型段落”——抓住此事例圍繞的觀點(diǎn)
這種類型的段落整段都在講具體事例。往往這個(gè)事例本身并不重要，而作者是為了證明自己的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)才講了這樣一個(gè)事例。因此，考生要站在宏觀的角度把握這個(gè)事例證明了什么觀點(diǎn)，或者說明了哪一方面。它的特點(diǎn)就是會(huì)有特別具體的描述詞，比如某個(gè)人名，多次被提到，而且用到的動(dòng)詞也都是一些表示具體動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，而不是觀點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。
(二)說明文中的“對(duì)比型段落”——分清層次最重要
這種段落最常見的就是按時(shí)間分類說明或按某一特性分類說明。針對(duì)這種段落，要特別留意段落中的過渡詞，比如，abve all, in additin, finally等等。
(三)議論文中的“總分型段落”或“分總型段落”——一定要找到并讀懂主旨句
“總分型段落”排列在一開始就給出了作者的觀點(diǎn)或者要說明的主要內(nèi)容。后面的大部分都在論證這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或者進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)上的說明。針對(duì)這種類型的語篇，考生應(yīng)該做到細(xì)讀主旨段落，略讀細(xì)節(jié)段落，以讀懂主旨為要?jiǎng)?wù)。考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)文后的題目大都圍繞主旨而命題，而偏離主旨的大都是干擾項(xiàng)，而不是正確答案。
“分總型段落”排列在開始和中間都是一些細(xì)節(jié)型的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)是平行的細(xì)節(jié)，有時(shí)是層層遞進(jìn)，但一直到語篇的最后一段才點(diǎn)出最重要的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論。顯然讀這種語篇的落腳點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在結(jié)尾處。跟總分型的語篇相比，分總型的語篇有時(shí)更耗時(shí)間去發(fā)現(xiàn)主旨，因此考生們平時(shí)做題的時(shí)候要多去體會(huì)，爭取在最短的時(shí)間找到主旨。
基礎(chǔ)題
一
D yu knw that ver 1/3 f all fd prduced in the wrld ges t waste? Accrding t the United Natins (UN), every year arund the wrld, abut ne billin (十億) tns f fd is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly ne billin peple wh g hungry. Simply 1/4 f the fd wasted is enugh t keep them ut f hunger. In additin, the wasted fd prduces ver three billin tns f carbn dixide (CO2), which speeds up climate (氣候) change. What can we d t slve this fd waste prblem?
One effective slutin is balancing fd prductin with demand (需求). In htels and ther similar places, special instruments shuld be used s that cking specialists just prepare and ck fd as it is rdered.
Anther effective slutin is starting prgrams t reduce (減少) fd waste. Stres and buyers can try their best t be creative in fd waste reductin. Fr example, stres can prvide custmers with instructins telling them hw t make full use f fd. Buyers can try nt fixing their eyes nly n fd f the best quality (質(zhì)量). Smetimes, the fd f nn-tp quality is als gd enugh t eat, r can be bught and then used t make delicius dishes.
One f the hardest slutins t achieve is fr each and every ne t buy and prepare fd with a plan f their wn s that less fd is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use f meal plans in preparing fd can play an imprtant rle in ending fd waste in the family.
Fd recycling is ne f the knwn slutins. Effrts are nw already in prgress. Fd that is nt safe fr humans t eat is recycled int ther prducts such as animal feeds and clthing. Yet, there is still a lng way t g and much fr imprvement in this area.
In a wrd, fd waste has been ne f the biggest prblems in the wrld that have influenced us greatly. Many slutins have been fund and many mre are yet t be wrked ut. If each f us can put in mre effrts, fd waste is sure t be reduced fr the gd f ur future.
1. Accrding t the passage, what is a pssible result f fd waste?
A. The prblem f wrldwide hunger.B. A big increase in fd prductin.
C The speed-up f climate change.D. A sudden drp in ppulatin.
2. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Fd recycling has been hugely successful.B. Buyers shuld give up nn-tp quality fd.
C. Stres shuld train peple t make delicius dishes.D. Meal plans in the family are hard t put int practice.
3. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Benefits f reducing fd waste.B. Slutins t the fd waste prblem.
C. The imprtance f fighting fd waste.D. The attitude t the fd waste prblem.
二
When cnsidering the kind f experience that makes life better, mst peple first think that happiness depends n experiencing pleasure: gd fd, gd jbs, all the cmfrts that mney can buy. If we culdn’t have these, we might as well sit in frnt f the televisin n a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an imprtant part f the quality f life, but by itself it desn’t bring happiness. When peple think further abut what makes a wrthy life, they tend (傾向于) t mve beynd pleasant memries and begin t remember ther events, ther experiences that verlap (有重疊) pleasurable nes but fall int a grup with a separate name: enjyment. Enjyable events take place when peple have nt nly satisfied a need r met sme earlier expectatin, but als achieved smething unexpected.
Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement. Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had. Nne f these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back n them afterwards, we wuld say, “That really was fun” and wish they wuld happen again. After an enjyable event we knw that we have changed, and grwn.
Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different. Fr example, everybdy takes pleasure in eating. Hwever, t enjys fd is mre difficult — yu have t pay enugh attentin t a meal, s as t sense and tell its varius tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin. A persn can feel pleasure withut any effrt, as lng as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impssible t enjy a tennis game r a bk withut full attentin. It’s fr this reasn that pleasure des nt last lng, nr des it make us grw. Grwth requires full attentin t gals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Withut enjyment, life will g n, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily n luck and the external (外部的) envirnment. T achieve persnal cntrl ver the quality f experience, hwever, we need t learn hw t build enjyment int what happens day in, day ut.
1. Yu will mst prbably experience enjyment when yu ________.
A. buy expensive shesB. rder a delicius meal
C. talk with friends fr new ideasD. sit quietly in frnt f a televisin
2. What d yu knw abut pleasure and enjyment frm the passage?
A. Enjyment grws ut f pleasure.
B. Pleasure and enjyment cme hand in hand.
C. Pleasurable experiences are part f enjyable nes.
D. Sme experiences prvide bth pleasure and enjyment.
3. The wrds “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are clsest in meaning t ________.
A. attentinB. interestC. abilityD. knwledge
4. The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A. feeling pleasure stps peple frm achieving grwth
B. feeling enjyment cmes with achieving grwth
C. a wrthy life depends n luck and envirnment
D. pleasure is the key t a happy and wrthy life
三
The scientific methd is used fr simple experiments that students may d in the classrm r very difficult experiments that scientists are ding all ver the wrld. It is a way f thinking that helps yu t avid drawing incrrect cnclusins.
There are usually fur steps in the scientific methd, including bservatin (觀察), hypthesis (假設(shè)), experiment, and cnclusin. The steps may nt always be cmpleted in the same rder, but the first step is usually bservatin and asking a questin abut yur bservatin. Fr example, yu had a sick stmach, and ate a candy bar. An hur later, yu bserved that yu felt much better. Here, yu can ask a questin, such as, “What makes a sick stmach feel better?”
The secnd step is t state a pssible answer t the questin, r a hypthesis, such as “” A gd hypthesis includes three things: The explanatin fr the bservatins, it is able t be tested, and it will usually predict new utcmes r cnclusins.
The third step is the experiment, t test the hypthesis. An experiment is a test which will either challenge r supprt the hypthesis. The hypthesis will then be true r false.
The final step is t think abut what happened when yu tested the hypthesis and draw a cnclusin. The cnclusin will either clearly supprt the hypthesis r it will nt. If the results supprt the hypthesis, a cnclusin can be written and yu can share it with the rest f the wrld. If it des nt supprt the hypthesis, yu may chse t change the hypthesis r write a new ne based n what was learned during the experiment.
1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea f the passage?
A. Hw d the fur basic steps in the scientific methd wrk?
B. What makes a gd hypthesis based n the bservatin?
C. The cnclusin will always clearly supprt the hypthesis.
D. Learning the scientific methd may help students succeed in science.
2. Which sentence shuld g in the empty bx in Paragraph 3?
A. A candy bar makes a sick stmach feel better.
B. It was the medicine yu tk an hur earlier that made yu feel better.
C. Eat a candy bar again, and see what happens t yur sick stmach.
D. Ask peple if eating a candy bar has made a sick stmach feel better.
3. What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t (指的是)?
A. The hypthesis.B. The cnclusin.
C. The questin.D. The bservatin.
4. Which f the fllwing sentences abut the experiment is TRUE?
A. An experiment is a test t always supprt the hypthesis.
B. An experiment des nt have t be part f the scientific methd.
C. An experiment is a test t either challenge r supprt a hypthesis.
D. An experiment is nly used when scientists are trying t prve a hypthesis.
四
One day, Helen shuts, “Rger, cme and lk at the egg! It’s cracking（裂開）.” Slwly a lng beak（喙）appears. They are unsure what it is.
Dad checks n the cmputer, “Hey, lk! It’s a pterdactyl（翼手龍）.” “A pterdactyl?” shut the children. “Yes, it’s a type f dinsaur. Pterdactyls can fly,” says Dad.
Then Helen names it Dacty.
A mnth later, he grws up. But there is smething wrng with his wings. “My rm is t small and Dacty keeps banging（碰撞）his wings n the walls. I feel srry fr him,” says Helen. Finally, they take Dacty t a vet（獸醫(yī)）.
Tw weeks later, Dacty’s wings are better. Hwever, he isn’t willing t fly. They phne Aunt Elizabeth. Sn she arrives. “My ffice is very big. It’s perfect fr Dacty during the day. And at night, when the museum is empty, Dacty can fly arund happily.” Then she takes them t the museum. On arriving, they take Dacty ut f the basket. He stretches（伸展）his wings, flies high up and lands n a stne statue.
“Lk, he likes here,” shuts Helen. “Can he see in the dark?” asks Rger. “Yes, they see clearly in the dark, just like wls（貓頭鷹）,” says Aunt Elizabeth.
Six mnths passes and Dacty is very big nw. One night, Dacty sees lights mving inside the museum. Tw men—Bert and Eric cme in with trches（手電筒）. They are wearing masks and trying t pen a case（箱子）. Inside it is a mummy（木乃伊）. Suddenly Eric lks up and sees Dacty. He is very scared. “Lk, Bert, there is a huge bird up there.” Bert lks up. Dacty desn’t mve, “Eric, dn’t be silly. It’s nly a statue,” says Bert. “Cme n. I will pen the case. Yu lk fr the gld medallins（大獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢?” At the mment, Dacty flies dwn and catches Eric. The thief is very scared and he can’t say anything. Dacty flies up and lifts him n tp f a statue. He’s stuck. At nce, Dacty flies dwn again and catches Bert, t. Bth f them are stuck there.
The next mrning, when Aunt Elizabeth cmes in, she sees the brken mummy case and the tw men. They are shuting ludly.
Dacty flies dwn t her. “Here yu are, Dacty,” she says and pets（愛撫）his head. “Thank yu, yu did a great jb.” Then she phnes the plice.
The mayr（市長）shakes Dacty’s wing and puts a big shiny medal ver his head. “Cngratulatins, yu did a great jb.” Then he turns t Aunt Elizabeth, “It’s great t have a big bird as a guard!”
“Dacty is a pterdactyl!” Rger says.
“Dacty is a her nw,” says Aunt Elizabeth.
“A pterdactyl?” shuts anther man. “Ww! They lve warm weather and jungles（叢林）. I wrk in the Btanical Gardens（植物園）.We have a wnderful palm（棕櫚）huse, big and warm, just like a jungle. He will lve there. Yu can cme t visit it anytime.”
S nw Dacty is living in the Btanical Gardens. Rger and Helen visit him every day.
(Adapted frm The Surprise)
1. Hw des Dacty hurt his wings?
A. He plays games with the children.B. He falls ff the tree when flying.
C. He bangs n the walls in Helen’s rm.D. He practises flying in the museum.
2. Which wrd can best describe Dacty?
A. Curius.B. Hnest.C. Generus.D. Smart.
3. What is the crrect rder f what happens in the stry?
a.Dacty is taken t see a vet.
b.Helen names the pterdactyl Dacty.
c. Dacty lives in the Btanical Gardens.
d. The thieves steal things in the museum.
A. b-d-a-cB. d-a-b-cC. b-a-d-cD. c-d-a-b
4. What can we infer（推斷）frm the stry?
A. All dinsaurs enjy cld weather and jungles.
B. Humans and animals shuld care abut each ther.
C. Children think it necessary t raise an animal at hme.
D. It is better fr a dinsaur t live with humans than in nature.
提高題
一
My First Day f Schl
Frightened, I was walking int my first schl in America. I had traveled a lng distance frm India in rder t jin my parents, wh had been here fr three years, hping America wuld help my future. My father decided that I wuld have a better educatin here, s I enrlled(登記)in the lcal high schl in my new twn.
I was afraid f hw I wuld d. On the first day, I went t my secnd class after I had missed my first. With anxiety, I reached fr the dr, pening it slwly. Withut paying attentin t my classmates, I went straight t the teacher and asked if this was the right class. With a sft vice he answered, “Yes.” His vice cmfrted me a little. He gave me a sheet called Curse Requirements, which I wuld never get in India because we didn't have anything like that. Then he asked me t chse where I wuld sit. I didn't actually want t pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats, s I never needed t wrry abut that. I spent the rest f the class taking ntes frm the image prduced by the verhead prjectr(投影儀). In Indian schls, we didn't use the technlgy. We had t take ntes as the teacher spke.
It was nn. I was very cnfused abut when I wuld have lunch. I went t my next class and the bell rang as I entered. I went thrugh the regular(慣常的) prcess f asking the teacher if I was in the right class. She said, “It's still furth perid.”
“But the bell just rang,” I said.
Changing frm a gentle tne t a harsh(刺耳的)ne, she said, “That is the lunch bell, yung man.”
I aplgized. Withut anther wrd I headed fr the cafeteria. I felt lucky because we didn't have this in India. Every cnfusin seemed like a barrier I had t get thrugh t reach my gal. At the end f the day, I was n my way t the bus which we didn't have in India either. I saw my bus and sat dwn inside happily. I was thinking, tday wasn't s bad.
1.Why did the authr attend an American high schl?
A.Because his father preferred American schls.
B.Because his family wanted him t have a bright future.
C.Because his mther had wrked in it fr 3 years.
D.Because he had been lnging t leave his hmeland.
2.What d we knw abut the authr's first day f schl?
A.He went t the wrng class fr secnd perid.
B.He met sme enthusiastic teachers and classmates.
C.He gt the Curse Requirements sheet frm his classmate.
D.He experienced differences between American and Indian schls in many ways.
3.What des the underlined wrd “barrier” prbably mean?
A.Dr. B.Difficulty.
C.Task. D.Perid.
4.Hw did the authr feel at the end f the day?
A.Wrried. B.Puzzled. C.Happy. D.Sad.
二
Peru is famusly knwn as the “l(fā)and f the Incas”. A trip t Peru had been n my wish list fr quite a while. It was finally time fr me t visit the cuntry.
My first day started in Lima, the capital f Peru. I met with the G Adventures representative(代表)f the tur here. G Adventures is an rganizatin that helps yu t cnnect with ther like?minded peple in small grup?based travel adventures. They played a big part in helping t make Peru an unfrgettable experience fr me! In Lima, my representative discussed the plan fr my tur, and I als had the chance t explre Lima in my wn time, with many activities, including a city tur, shw, biking tur, and mre.
Day tw had me taking a flight frm Lima t Cusc. Many peple visit Cusc fr shpping but fr me, the main reasn fr spending a day r tw in Cusc was t adapt t the altitude(海拔). As I'd decided t reach the wnder f Machu Picchu, adaptatin had becme imprtant t aviding altitude sickness. I was happy t spend a day explring Cusc. Cusc was nce the capital f the Inca Empire. Tday, it's famus fr its artists, paintings, clthing and traditinal instruments. There's smething fr everyne in this city.
The day finally came! Day three had me enjying a lvely guided visit t Machu Picchu at sunrise. I had free time t explre the city n my wn as well as with my guide. There was a lt t take in! I had t stp fr a mment and felt the energy f such an ancient city. The histry here is unbelievable and I will never frget my time here fr as lng as I live!
1.What is the authr's attitude t G Adventures?
A.Dubtful. B.Satisfied.C.Uninterested. D.Hpeful.
2.Why did the authr stay in Cusc?
A.T g shpping.B.T find a lcal guide.
C.T get used t the high altitude.D.T d research n the Inca Empire.
3.Hw did the authr feel when traveling arund Machu Picchu?
A.Full f excitement.B.Out f luck.
C.Lst in dubt.D.Deep in regret.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.My lve f travelingB.My wnderful trip t Peru
C.Peru: the “l(fā)and f the Incas”D.Traveling: the future f Peru
三
Eating a light meal
Many f us like t eat ut and treat urselves t delicius fd. We are used t chsing hearty, fat?filled dishes and sugary snacks, which are nt easily cked at hme.
The recent rise f light(清淡的) meals, hwever, gives diners a smarter chice. Accrding t Ecnmic Daily, lw?calrie, lw?fat and high?fiber(高纖維的) meals have becme ppular in China's restaurants and nline delivery platfrms.
The cuntry saw a rapid expansin f restaurants specializing in light meals, frm just 600 in 2017 t mre than 3,500 in 2018. Accrding t a reprt released by Meituan, a majr nline fd delivery platfrm, the number f light meals rdered nline als rse 75 percent cmpared t the previus year.
Having a light meal, hwever, desn't mean eating nly vegetables. Different frm the meat?free lifestyle, a typical light dish avids ily, salty and spicy fd. Instead, it cntains things like biled meat, whlegrains, fruits and vegetables. Healthy nutrients(營養(yǎng)成分) are the theme f the light meal.
These dishes are useful fr keeping healthy and cntrlling yur weight. That's prbably why s many peple, especially the Millennial generatin(千禧一代), are int them. Diners see it as “a great way t avid blating(變胖),” wrte The Telegraph.
“After eating several light meals, I feel my appetite has shrunk(縮小). I nw prefer light flavrs,” Zu Jing, a cllege teacher in Wuhan, tld China Daily. She shared a picture f her lunch: a mixture f beef, eggs, crn, mushrms and cherry tmates.
These changes in eating behavir are cnnected with deeper changes in hw peple think abut fd, says Walter Willett, chair f the Department f Nutritin at the Harvard T.H. Chan Schl f Public Health, the US.
S next time yu have a party with friends, try a light meal. It will satisfy nt nly yur stmach but maybe als yur heart.
1.What are light meals?
A.Lw?calrie and high?fiber meals.B.Meat?free dishes.
C.Sugary snacks.D.Fat?filled dishes.
2.What is the main way that the authr uses t prve the ppularity f light meals?
A.Giving descriptins.B.Giving examples.
C.Listing numbers.D.Shwing ther peple's views.
3.Why d many yung peple enjy light meals accrding t the article?
A.They can help them cntrl their weight.B.They are simple and cnvenient.
C.They are cheaper than ther meals.D.They are usually clrful.
4.What d we knw frm Paragraph 7?
A.Light meals will stay ppular fr a while.
B.There is a change in the attitude twards healthy eating.
C.One's eating habit shws their persnality.
D.It's imprtant t eat the right amunt f gd fd.
四
Phenix, Arizna, the USA was struck by a big sandstrm(沙塵暴) recently. It was a huge dust strm that struck Phenix a little after 7:00 p.m. lcal time.
Arizna has sandstrms particularly during the mnsn(季風(fēng)) seasn which usually starts frm mid?June until the end f September. Hwever, this was the biggest. The clud f dust turned day int night. Sme trees were dwned and gardens were destryed and it cut ff the pwer f thusands f lcal peple in the area, but luckily n death happened. A number f peple's pls became dirty with dust. Peple wh lived in Phenix fr mre than 40 years said that this was the first time they had experienced this huge dust strm. It culd greatly influence peple's health.
The big dust clud started in Tucsn traveling nrth acrss the desert. The huge strm ran up t 60 miles per hur. It was mre than 100 miles wide and a mile high. Besides Phenix and nearby cities, the strm als reached Yuma Cunty in suthwestern Arizna. It reduced the visibility(能見度) in these areas, putting ff the flights at Phenix Sky Harbr Internatinal Airprt.
The strm nly takes place in Arizna, the Sahara Desert and areas f the Middle East, because f the dry envirnment and large amunts f sand. Because f the serius shrtage f rain, there's a large pssibility that the water is plluted because f the strm.
1.In what seasn d sandstrms usually take place in Arizna?
A.In fall and winter.B.In summer and fall.
C.In winter and spring.D.In spring and summer.
2.What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A.The strm. B.The wind.
C.The desert. D.The state.
3.Why was lcal peple lucky after the big sandstrm happened?
A.Peple's health was nt influenced.
B.It didn't d harm t peple's gardens.
C.All the lcal peple in the area survived.
D.The electricity was nt affected at all.
4.What can prbably be the title f the passage?
A.Phenix, Arizna has mre sandstrms
B.Sandstrms d a great deal f harm t peple
C.We must d smething t prevent sandstrms
D.Phenix, Arizna experienced a huge sandstrm
五
Anther three astrnauts(宇航員) went int space n Oct. 16, 2021. Hw d they sleep in space? In fact, they dn't have beds in the space statin but they d have sleeping bags. During the day, when they are wrking, they leave the bags tied t the wall, ut f the way. At bedtime they untie them and take them wherever they've chsen t sleep.
On mst space statin flights everyne sleeps at the same time. N ne has t stay awake t watch ver the space statin; the space statin's cmputers and the engineers at the missin cntrl d that. If anything ges wrng, the cmputers will raise the alarm and the engineers will call them by radi.
In the space statin, bedtime desn't mean nighttime. During each ninety?r?s?minute rbit the sun “rises” and shines thrugh their windws fr abut fifty minutes, and then it “sets” as their space statin takes them arund the dark side f the Earth. T keep the sun ut f their eyes, they wear black sleep masks.
It is surprisingly easy t get cmfrtable and fall asleep in space. Every astrnaut sleeps differently—sme sleep upside dwn, sme sideways, and thers right side up. When it's time t sleep, sme will take their bags, their sleep masks, and their tape players with earphnes and flat up t the flight deck. Then they crawl int the bag, and flat in a sitting psitin just abve a seat, and right next t a windw. Befre they pull the mask dwn ver their eyes, they have a rest fr a while, listening t music and watching the Earth g by beneath them.
1.When it's bedtime, where d the astrnauts put their sleeping bags?
A.On the wall.B.At the missin cntrl.
C.In the flight deck.D.In any place they like.
2.What des the underlined phrase “watch ver” in the secnd paragraph prbably mean?
A.G ver t. B.Research n.
C.Lk int. D.Take care f.
3.Hw lng des it take fr the space statin t g rund the Earth nce?
A.Frty minutes.B.Abut fifty minutes.
C.Abut ninety minutes.D.Twenty?fur hurs.
4.What is the best title fr this passage?
A.Sleeping in the Space StatinB.Travel in Space
C.Sleeping Equipment fr AstrnautsD.The Earth Seen frm Outer Space
六
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作業(yè)) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
2. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
七
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y. — Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd — traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (堅(jiān)忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.B. T study American histry.
C T write a bk.D. T d sightseeing.
2. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.
3. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.D. The natural beauty f the West.
4. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
八
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
1. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
2. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
3. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
4. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.