雙商雙量三必備:
1.“雙商”，即智商，情商
智商:多種感官參與、善規(guī)劃、善學(xué)習(xí)情商:共情去理解、得體地表達(dá)、意志力
2.“雙量”，即詞匯量、閱讀量。
沒(méi)有大量的閱讀保證，肯定事學(xué)不好英語(yǔ)的。高一的主要任務(wù)是迅速擴(kuò)充大量詞匯。補(bǔ)充:背單詞，一定在語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)篇中進(jìn)行。
第一章初高十大詞性回顧銜接
1．by，mrning，bag，ball，class，range——
名詞(nun—n. /na?n/): 表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。
2．a(chǎn)m，is，are，have，see——
動(dòng)詞(verb—v. /v??b/ ): 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
3．gd，right，white，range——
形容詞(adjective—adj. /??d??kt?v/)：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。
4．nw，very，here，ften，quietly，slwly——
副詞(adverb—adv. /??dv??b/): 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，說(shuō)明時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。
5．ne，tw，three，fur
first，secnd，third，furth——
數(shù)詞( numeral—num. /'nj?m?r?l/ ):
表示數(shù)目【基數(shù)詞】或事物的順序【序數(shù)詞】。
6．in，n，frm，abve，behind——
介詞(prepsitin—prep. /?prep??z??n/ ): 表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。
7．a(chǎn)，an，the——
冠詞(article—art. /?ɑ?t?kl/)：用在名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞。
8．a(chǎn)nd，but，befre——
連詞(cnjunctin—cnj. /k?n?d???k?n/): 用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。9．wh，she，yu，it——
代詞(prnun—prn. /?pr??na?n/): 主要用來(lái)代替名詞。
10．h，well，hi，hell——
感嘆詞(interjectin—interj. /??nt??d?ek?n/)：表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情。
6 種英語(yǔ)實(shí)詞： 名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、代詞
（有實(shí)義，有詞性變化，在句中可獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分）：
4 種英語(yǔ)虛詞： 冠詞、介詞、連詞和感嘆詞
（起結(jié)構(gòu)作用，在句中表明詞和詞或句子中各個(gè)部分的關(guān)系）
課后習(xí)題
1. Yung __________(child) sat under a tree with green __________(leaf) and talked abut their dreams. Sme __________(student) dream was that they hped they wuld became great __________(music).
2. Mr. Zhang is __________(we) English teacher and he always helps__________(I) learn English patiently. He taught __________(he) when he was yung. I cnsider him a friend f __________(I).
3. The by’s father __________(pass) away tw years ag, __________(leave) him a great sum f mney.
4. In the past few years, great changes __________(take) place in ur hmetwn.
5.__________(unlucky), the ld man was __________(serius) hurt in the accident. But dctrs were__________ (amaze) that the man recvered much _______ (quickly) than expected..
6.__________(hundred) f guests gathered t celebrate the ld man’s_______ (ninety-nine) birthday. Althugh the ld man was in his __________(ninety), he was in gd health.
7.__________a cld mrning, a grup __________ plicemen searched the frest __________the murderer（殺人犯）.
8.They searched everywhere __________still culdn’t find the murder __________ killed the wman.
9.As________ university student, I was mved by________mvie My peple, My cuntry.
答案
第二章句子中的八大成分
口訣助記八大成分:_主謂賓表，定狀補(bǔ)同
主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，一般位于句首
The sun rises in the east.
I am an exchange student frm the UK.
Ging frm junir high schl t senir high schl is a really big challenge.
T start my wn cmpany is my dream.
That he isn’t at hme is nt true.
It is useful t learn English.
The rich are nt always happy.
Hw t learn English well trubles me.
二謂語(yǔ)：即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般在主語(yǔ)后
He practises speaking English everyday.
He is an excellent teacher.
My sister is crying ver there.
I wuld stay at hme all day.
謂語(yǔ)要考慮：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致；謂語(yǔ)有：簡(jiǎn)單、復(fù)雜之分
(1) 簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)： 由單個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成的。
(2) 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：
由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”“助動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形/變形”或“系表結(jié)構(gòu)”構(gòu)成.
助動(dòng)詞(輔助動(dòng)詞Auxiliary Verb）
協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的詞叫助動(dòng)詞,被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。
用來(lái)構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),也可構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句，構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)與否定副詞nt連用。
最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be， have/has， d/des/did ， shall， shuld， will， wuld等。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Mdal verb）
表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。
后接動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，否定在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加“nt”
無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣，委婉的語(yǔ)氣，
常用： can (culd), may (might), must, need, ught t, dare (dared), shall (shuld), will (wuld)。
三賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞及介詞后【動(dòng)賓、介賓】
He wrte a letter t me.
I want t visit the museum.
I enjy listening t ppular music.
I think that he is fit fr the jb.
I find it hard t learn English.
We shuld help the pr.
I dn’t knw where t g.
有些動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語(yǔ)：tell, teach, bring, send, return, ffer, pay, award等。
pass me the bk=pass the bk t me
buy her sme flwers=buy sme flwers fr her
雙賓語(yǔ)即動(dòng)作的對(duì)象和內(nèi)容：有間接、直接之分
【口訣：間直雙賓是個(gè)人物】
四．表語(yǔ)：一般在系動(dòng)詞后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)
I’m a freshman at senir high schl.
The fd tastes gd.
The machine is under repair.
My dream is t be an English teacher.
My hbby is playing ftball.
The news is exciting. I feel excited.
The prblem is that we dn’t have enugh mney.
The war was ver.
系動(dòng)詞
五定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞, 相當(dāng)于形容詞
Guilin is a beautiful city.
The by under the tree is Tm
The by crying ver there is my sister.
The man wh visited ur class yesterday is an expert.
六狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、句子
說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的方式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、伴隨等或形容詞、副詞的狀態(tài)特征
He des his hmewrk carefully in his study every mrning.
Feeling tired, he went t bed withut supper.
Anna had a terrible accident when she was six.
The by is very strng and runs extremely fast.
七補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：包括賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)
最常見(jiàn)的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明
His father named him Gudan.
The news makes him sad.
We fund everything in gd rder.
It allws peple t get clse t nature ./ It makes us cry.
We saw her entering the rm.
I fund my mney stlen.
常用于三類動(dòng)詞:
①使役動(dòng)詞: keep, make, let, have, leave, get..
②感官動(dòng)詞: see, watch, ntice, bserve, hear, feel, find, catch, lk at, listen t, smell...
③ask/tell/rder/request/permit/persuade/ ... sb t d sth;等。
cnsider/elect/appint sb (t be)…
八同位語(yǔ)：對(duì)前面名詞/代詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位
通常為名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句
Mr. Zhang, my English teacher, is very handsme.
He tld me the news that ur team wn the game.
第三章.簡(jiǎn)單句的五大基本句型
重點(diǎn)用法① S+V→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）（+狀語(yǔ)）
用法：在此句型中，“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成句子的主體部分。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)。但是有時(shí)為了表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等，可以有狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾。
Class begins.開(kāi)始上課。 begin為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能帶賓語(yǔ)
His father has gne abrad.他父親出國(guó)了。 狀語(yǔ)abrad修飾動(dòng)詞
Jim runs in the park.吉姆在公園里跑步。 in the park作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
We stpped t have a rest.我們停下來(lái)休息。 t have a rest作目的狀語(yǔ)
提示：一些動(dòng)詞既可以作不及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作及物動(dòng)詞。
They are playing n the playgrund.他們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上玩。play為不及物動(dòng)詞
They’re playing ftball.他們?cè)谔咦闱颉? play為及物動(dòng)詞
重點(diǎn)用法② S+V+O→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)
用法：在此句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟賓語(yǔ)才能使句意表達(dá)完整。句子的賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。
She likes English.她喜歡英語(yǔ)。 名詞作賓語(yǔ)
He stpped writing.他停下筆。 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)
They want t g.他們想走。 不定式作賓語(yǔ)
She knws what t d next.她知道下一步做什么。 “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ)
提示：有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面就可以加賓語(yǔ)了。例如，在句子Yu must listen t me.（你必須聽(tīng)我的。）中，listen是不及物動(dòng)詞，但在加上t之后，listen t相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以跟賓語(yǔ)me。
重點(diǎn)用法③ S+V+P→主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）
用法：be動(dòng)詞和becme是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞，后面必須接表語(yǔ)，才能用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)，表示“……是……”，“……變成……”等意思。表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、副詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及不定式等充當(dāng)。
He became a scientist.他成了一名科學(xué)家。 名詞作表語(yǔ)
My sister is ut nw.我姐姐現(xiàn)在出去了。 副詞作表語(yǔ)
They are hnest.他們是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 形容詞作表語(yǔ)
提示：在英語(yǔ)中，除了be動(dòng)詞和becme屬于系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些行為動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們表示狀態(tài)存在或表示狀態(tài)變化時(shí)也可以作系動(dòng)詞。這類動(dòng)詞包括：
appear出現(xiàn) cme成為 feel摸起來(lái)
get變得 g變得 grw變得
keep保持 lk看起來(lái) seem看起來(lái)
smell聞起來(lái) sund聽(tīng)起來(lái) taste嘗起來(lái)
Children grw wiser as they grw.孩子們隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)變聰明。
The Lijiang River lks especially beautiful in the early mrning.清晨，漓江看起來(lái)格外美麗。
Dinner smells gd.飯菜聞起來(lái)很香啊。
His vice sunded strange n the phne.他的聲音在電話里聽(tīng)著挺怪的。
I like this kind f cake.It tastes delicius very much.我喜歡這種蛋糕，它嘗起來(lái)十分美味。
重點(diǎn)用法④ S+V+IO+DO→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
用法：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)，二者合稱雙賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象；間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或物，也就是說(shuō)，間接賓語(yǔ)是指動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或是為誰(shuí)做的，所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)。
I bught Jhn a birthday present.我給約翰買了生日禮物。
名詞Jhn是間接賓語(yǔ)，a birthday present是直接賓語(yǔ)
Please tell me yur telephne number.請(qǐng)告訴我你的電話號(hào)碼。
賓格代詞me是間接賓語(yǔ)，yur telephne number是直接賓語(yǔ)
提示：間接賓語(yǔ)通常位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成句型“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”。在此句型中，間接賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可以改成一個(gè)由t或fr引起的短語(yǔ)，放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)”句型。當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，間接賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，或者兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是人稱代詞時(shí)，需用此句型。
I sent a pstcard t my best friend.我給我最好的朋友發(fā)了一張明信片。
I passed it t my mther.我把它遞給了我媽媽。
She threw them t me.她把它們?nèi)咏o我。
I fund a spare ticket fr him.我為他找到了一張多余的票。
Shall I rder a taxi fr yu?要我給你叫輛出租車嗎？
注意：須在間接賓語(yǔ)前加t的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：
bring帶來(lái) pst郵給 shw給……看
sell賣 send寄 take拿，取
thrw扔 write給……寫(xiě)信
須在間接賓語(yǔ)前加fr的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：
bk為……預(yù)定 buy買 call為……叫
chse選擇 ck做飯 find為……找到
get得到 leave留下 make生產(chǎn)
rder為……訂購(gòu) pick撿起 save為……節(jié)約
有些動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既不能用t引起間接賓語(yǔ)，也不能用介詞fr引出間接賓語(yǔ)。
ask請(qǐng)求 cause導(dǎo)致 charge收費(fèi)
cst花費(fèi)，使喪失 frgive原諒 refuse拒絕
He charged me five dllars fr a cup f tea.他一杯茶向我要了5美元。
This heric deed cst him his life.他為這一英雄壯舉付出了生命。
重點(diǎn)用法⑤ S+V+O+OC→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）
用法：在某些及物動(dòng)詞的后面，需要用一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)再加一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等都可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
I will make yu captain.我將讓你當(dāng)船長(zhǎng)。
The manager asked Amanda t leave.經(jīng)理要阿曼達(dá)離開(kāi)。
Yesterday I had a picture taken with tw Americans.昨天我和兩個(gè)美國(guó)人一起照了相。
His speech left the President in a very difficult psitin.他的話使總統(tǒng)處于艱難境地。
提示：感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，feel，ntice；使役動(dòng)詞make，have，let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，省去t。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，t要還原。
He saw the by play by the river.他看到這個(gè)男孩在河邊玩耍。
The by was seen t play by the river.這個(gè)男孩被看到在河邊玩耍。
注意：上述感官動(dòng)詞等后既可以接不帶t的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。前者表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，后者表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，一定要注意二者的區(qū)別。
He saw a girl in red get n the bus.他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)穿紅色衣服的女孩上車了。上車的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束
He saw a girl in red getting n the bus.他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)穿紅色衣服的女孩正在上車。上車的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
重點(diǎn)用法6 S+V+→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）（+狀語(yǔ)）
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)+狀語(yǔ)
有時(shí)為了表示發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間等，可以有狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾，
例如: (1) The baby slept peacefully.
His father has gne abrad.
She swims like a fish.
重點(diǎn)用法7 S+V+O→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)
例如: I had my first maths class at senir high schl.
重點(diǎn)用法8 There be句型
表示“有”，用于表達(dá)“人或事物的存在”或某地有某物”，該句型的構(gòu)成形式一般為“There is / are + 某物/人+某地/時(shí)”，表示某地/時(shí)有某物/人，
e9: There's a lt t explre at senir high.
一．根據(jù)每個(gè)詞的詞性、位置及與其它詞之間的聯(lián)系，判斷它所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，并加以說(shuō)明。
1. I am a Chinese student named Li Hua,
2.As a student wh has learned Chinese painting 。
frward t yur early reply.
lcal art gallery will hld an exhibitin f Chinese paintings
fluent spken English and rich knwledge abut Chinese paintings will help visitrs understand the meaning behind each painting deeply.
6. We will play against the team frm HngXing High Schl.
參考答案
1. I am a Chinese student namedLi Hua,
主 系 定 表 定
2. As a student wh has learned Chinese painting.
狀語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)從句
3 Lking frward t yur early reply.
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 介詞賓語(yǔ)
4.. The lcal art gallery will hld anexhibitin f Chinese paintings
限定詞 定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 名詞詞組作賓語(yǔ)
fluent spken English and rich knwledge abut Chinese painting
定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 并列連詞 主語(yǔ) 介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)
will help visitrs understand the meaning behind each painting deepy .
謂語(yǔ)” 賓語(yǔ) 不帶t的不定式作賓補(bǔ) 介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)
6.. We will play against the team frm HngXing High Schl.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)
二．分析句子:閱讀下列短文,判斷其中粗體字所作的成分。
一
I'm a freshman at senir high schl. I had t think 1.very carefully abut which curses I wanted t take. The schl adviser helped me 2.chse the suitable nes: maths, English, chemistry, wrld histry, and Chinese. I knw that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hpe t be fluent 3.when I graduate. My adviser recmmended that I shuld sign up fr 4.advanced literature because I like English and I'm gd at it.
答案 1. 狀語(yǔ) 2. (賓語(yǔ))補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 3. 狀語(yǔ) 4. 定語(yǔ)
二
1.Sme f the first pems a yung child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually 2.the traditinal pems r flk sngs. The language f these rhymes, like 3.Pem A, is t the pint but has a stryline. Many children enjy nursery rhymes 4.because they rhyme, have a strng rhythm, and ften repeat the same wrds. The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. By playing with the wrds in nursery rhymes, children learn abut language.
答案 1. 主語(yǔ) 2. 表語(yǔ) 3. 賓語(yǔ) 4. 狀語(yǔ)
三
Cntinued greenhuse gas emissins 1.will result in further warming and lng-lasting changes t the glbal climate. This requires the attentin f peple all ver the wrld. Gvernments need t cnsider making plicies and taking apprpriate actins and measures 2.t reduce greenhuse gas emissins. We as individuals can als reduce ur “carbn ftprint” by 3.restricting the amunt f carbn dixide ur lifestyles prduce. It is ur respnsibility 4.t seize every pprtunity t educate everyne abut glbal warming, alng with its causes and impacts, because this is the mst serius issue affecting all f us n this planet.
答案 1. 謂語(yǔ) 2. 狀語(yǔ) 3. 賓語(yǔ) 4. 主語(yǔ)
四
One day, Claire mentined 1.that she didn't think she was clever. The rbt called Tny said that she must feel very unhappy t say that. Claire thught it was ridiculus 2.that she was being ffered sympathy by a rbt, but she gradually admired his wisdm and integrity and began t trust him. He always treated her with dignity. She tld him hw she was unhappy that her hme wasn't elegant enugh fr Larry, 3.wh wanted t imprve his scial psitin with a bigger salary. She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, 4.ne f the richest and mst pwerful wmen arund.
答案 1. 賓語(yǔ) 2. 主語(yǔ) 3. 定語(yǔ) 4. 同位語(yǔ)
一
Freign visitrs t the UK might be disappinted when they learn that nt everyne there speaks like Harry Ptter and his friends.Usually,there’s an assumptin by many nn-Brits that everyne in Britain speaks with what’s knwn as a Received Prnunciatin (RP,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音) accent,als called “the Queen’s English”.Hwever,while many peple d talk this way,mst Britns speak in their wn reginal accents.
Scuse,Glaswegian and the Black Cuntry—frm Liverpl,Glasgw and the West Midlands—are just three f the cuntless nn-RP accents that British peple speak with.There are even differences in accents between twns r cities just 30 kilmeters apart.What is even mre disappinting is that nt speaking in a RP accent may mean a British persn is judged and even treated differently in their everyday life.
In a 2015 study by the University f New Suth Wales,vides f peple reading a passage in three different UK accents were shwn t a secnd grup f peple.The grup then rated hw intelligent they thught the readers sunded.The lwest-rated accent was the Brummie accent,native t peple frm Birmingham,a city whse accent is cnsidered the wrking class.
Hwever,there is n need t be disappinted thugh yu are nt speaking in a RP accent.In fact,ding the ppsite may even give yu advantages.
Kng Seng-jae,25,is an Internet celebrity frm Seul.After studying in the UK,he picked up several reginal accents.He’s nw famus fr his nline vides,where he shws ff the varius accents he’s learned.“British peple usually get really excited when I use sme f their lcal dialect wrds,and they becme much friendlier.I think it makes a bit f bnd between lcal peple and freigners t speak in their lcal accent,”he said.
S if yu’re wrking n perfecting yur British accent,try t speak like smene frm Liverpl,Glasgw r Birmingham.Yu may nt sund like Harry Ptter,but yu are likely t make mre friends.
1.What can we infer frm Paragraph 1?
A.Nn-Brits usually hld that all Britns speak in a RP accent.
B.Only “the Queen’s English” is accepted in the UK.
C.Freign visitrs are disappinted at their wn spken English.
D.Any Received Prnunciatin arund the wrld is als called “the Queen’s English”.
2.What d peple think f the Brummie accent?
A.It is favred by freign visitrs t the UK.
B.It is clsest t the RP accent.
C.It is smart and easy t understand.
D.It is spken by peple f the wrking class.
3.What des the underlined phrase “ding the ppsite” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A.Speaking in a RP accent.
B.Speaking in reginal accents.
C.Speaking the Brummie accent.
D.Speaking like Harry Ptter.
4.What is the passage mainly abut?
A.A study abut the mst intelligent accent in Britain.
B.A cmparisn between different British accents.
C.Hw much British peple value the RP accent.
D.The impact f reginal accents n peple’s lives.
語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要討論有關(guān)英式發(fā)音的相關(guān)方面的問(wèn)題。本文向讀者提供了一個(gè)與眾不同的建議,就是去學(xué)習(xí)英國(guó)的一些地方方言,這樣你可能會(huì)交到更多的朋友。
1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Usually,there’s an assumptin by many nn-Brits that everyne in Britain speaks with what’s knwn as a Received Prnunciatin accent,als called ‘the Queen’s English’.”可知非英國(guó)人通常認(rèn)為,所有的英國(guó)人都有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)口音。故選A。
2，D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“The lwest-rated accent was the Brummie accent,native t peple frm Birmingham,a city whse accent is cnsidered the wrking class.”可知人們認(rèn)為工人階級(jí)的人說(shuō)伯明翰口音。故選D。
,3.B 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上句“Hwever,there is n need t be disappinted thugh yu are nt speaking in a RP accent.”可知“然而,盡管你發(fā)音不標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也沒(méi)有必要失望”。由此推斷出此處表達(dá)的是“事實(shí)上,說(shuō)話帶有地方口音甚至可能會(huì)給你優(yōu)勢(shì)”,故選B。
4.D 【解析】主旨大意題。本文通過(guò)介紹英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音之外的一些方言使用情況,說(shuō)明了地方口音對(duì)人們生活的影響,故選D。
二
Yu wake up in the mrning.The day is beautiful and the plans fr the day are what yu have been lking frward t fr a lng time.Then the telephne rings,yu say hell,and the drama starts.The persn at the ther end has a depressing(令人沮喪的) tne in his vice as he starts t tell yu hw terrible his mrning is and that there is nthing t lk frward t.Are yu still in a wnderful md?Impssible!
Cmmunicating with negative(消極的) peple can wash ut yur happiness.It may nt change what yu think,but cmmunicating lng enugh with them will make yu feel depressed fr a mment r a lng time.
Life brings ups and dwns,but sme peple are stuck in the wrng idea that life has n happiness t ffer.They nly feel glad when they make thers feel bad.N wnder they can hardly win thers’ pity r respect.
When yu cmmunicate with psitive peple,yur spirit stays happy and therefre mre psitive things are attracted.When the dagger(匕首) f a negative persn is put in yu,yu have the heavy feeling that all in all,brings yu dwn.
Smetimes we have n chice but t cmmunicate with negative peple.He/She culd be a c-wrker,r a relative.In this case,speak as little as pssible.Smetimes it feels gd t let ut yur anger back t the negative persn,but that will lwer yu t the same negative level and they wn’t feel ashamed f themselves abut that.
Negativity ften affects happiness withut even being realized.The negative wrds f anther at the start f the day can cling t(附著) yu thrughut the rest f yur day,which makes yu feel bad and steals yur happiness.Life is t shrt t feel negative.Stay psitive and avid negativity as much as pssible.
1.What’s the purpse f the first paragraph?
A.T make a cmparisn.B.T ffer an suggestin.
C.T intrduce a tpic.D.T describe a daily scene.
2.Hw can negative peple affect n us?
A.By influencing ur emtin.B.By telling us the nature f life.
C.By changing ur ways f thinking.D.By cmparing their attitudes t life with urs.
3.What d sme negative peple base their happiness n?
A.Other peple’s pity fr them.B.Making ther peple unhappy.
C.Building up a psitive attitude.D.Other peple’s respect fr them.
語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要討論了消極情緒是可以傳染的,和消極愛(ài)抱怨的人在一起自己會(huì)變得消極悲觀,和積極樂(lè)觀的人在一起自己會(huì)變得積極向上。
1.C 【解析】意圖推斷題。本文是一篇議論文,第一段通過(guò)舉例來(lái)引出話題。故選C。
2.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It may nt change what yu think,but…a lng time”可知,和消極的人交流雖然不會(huì)改變你的想法,但是會(huì)影響你的心情,故選A。
3.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“They nly feel glad when they make thers feel bad”可知,消極的人只有在令別人不悅時(shí),自己才會(huì)感到開(kāi)心,故選B。
三
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
After a lng day at wrk, cming hme is a breath f fresh air. Hme is a cmfrtable place t sit back and relax. __1__ Belw are a number f things we can d t create a healthy hme envirnment that will help t ease the wrkday stress and prmte ur physical and mental health.
__2__ It may seem like a tiring thing t clean but there is a reasn fr ding s. We can remve dust by cleaning the huse. Leaving layers f dust everywhere means that there is a build－up f dust. And where d these layers f dust g? Int ur lungs.
Making sure the rms are full f sunlight is als imprtant. We may nt realize it but sunlight is an imprtant part f ur grwth. We all knw that sunlight prmtes better wrking cnditins. __3__ Think abut using a Parans system where sunlight des nt reach. This technlgy gathers the sunlight by using slar panels (板). It can send ut sunlight wherever we are.
It is als a gd idea t add mre plants in ur huse. __4__ They als give ff xygen, which can lwer stress and imprve ur mds.
Alng the lines f being green, it can als be vital t think abut what things we are bringing int the huse. Try t avid specific plastics that are harmful t health. __5__ They may cntain pisnus chemicals that can be breathed in, r simply absrbed thrugh the skin.
A．Hwever, is it as healthy as it can be?
B．Is ur hme as cmfrtable as it used t be?
C．The same thing applies t certain carpets and paint.
D．Ging green will help t remve txins (毒素) in the air.
E．Besides, it can reduce bth stress and high bld pressure.
F．Cleaning the huse regularly is the first thing we shuld d.
G．It is acknwledged that a greener lifestyle is linked t better health.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就“如何創(chuàng)造一個(gè)健康的家庭環(huán)境”作者提出了三點(diǎn)建議。
1．A 上文提到家是一個(gè)使人放松的地方，設(shè)空后一句提到，為了創(chuàng)造一個(gè)健康的家庭環(huán)境，以下是幾件值得做的事情，以此緩解我們的壓力，改善我們的身心健康，故選A。
2．F 根據(jù)空后 “It may seem like a tiring thing t dean but there is a reasn fr ding s.”提到了“打掃似乎是個(gè)很累人的事情”可知，本段主要內(nèi)容為“打掃房子”，故選F。
3．E 上文提到了“陽(yáng)光可以改善工作條件”，故本空仍舊圍繞“陽(yáng)光”的好處進(jìn)行論述。故E項(xiàng)(除此之外，還可以減輕壓力和高血壓)，還是在陳述陽(yáng)光的好處，故選E。
4．D 上文提到了“在家里要多添加植物”，故本段為強(qiáng)調(diào)“家中的綠色植物帶來(lái)的好處”，且D項(xiàng)中remve txins (毒素) in the air “去除空氣中的毒素”，對(duì)應(yīng)后文中的give ff xygen “釋放氧氣”。故選D。
5．C 上文提到“嘗試避免一些有害健康的塑料產(chǎn)品”，而下文中提到“他們可能含有能夠吸入的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，they對(duì)應(yīng)到C項(xiàng)中的carpets and paint “地毯與油漆”，故選C。
四
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
As is __1__ (knw) t all, the Olympic Games are the mst imprtant events in the wrld. They were first held in ancient Greece __2__ 776 BC. And the events were named after the city Olympia. Slaves and wmen culd nt be allwed t take part in the ancient Olympics, and the __3__ (athlete) were all frm the same cuntry.
In 1896, __4__ first mdern Olympics pened in Athens, the capital city f Greece. Frm then n, the Olympic Games __5__ (take) place every fur years. Athletes frm the whle wrld can take part in the __6__ (imprtance) events, whether they are men r wmen. The five rings n the Olympic Flag stand __7__ five cntinents and the unin f the whle wrld.
China didn't becme a member f the mdern Olympics until the 1950s. And in 1984, Xu Haifeng became the first Chinese that wn an Olympic gld medal in shting. With the __8__ (develp) f China, Beijing finally succeeded in __9__ (hld) the 2008 Olympics, during which the five Fuwa mascts __10__ (deep) impressed the whle wrld.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了奧運(yùn)會(huì)的起源以及中國(guó)參加奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)后取得的成績(jī)。
1．knwn 考查固定用法。as is knwn t all意為“眾所周知”，是固定表達(dá)。故填knwn。
2．in 考查介詞。表示“在某年”應(yīng)用介詞in。
3．a(chǎn)thletes 考查名詞。and之后的分句缺少主語(yǔ)，分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為were，因此其主語(yǔ)要填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填 athletes。
4．the 考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ) mdern Olympics，序數(shù)詞前要用定冠詞the。
5．take 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)every fur years可知，本句應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。the Olympic Games作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填take。
6．imprtant 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾名詞events，因此要用形容詞形式。故填imprtant。
7．fr 考查固定短語(yǔ)。stand fr為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“代表”。故填fr。
8．develpment 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。定冠詞后面應(yīng)接名詞，表示“隨著中國(guó)的發(fā)展”，故填develpment。
9．hlding 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。succeed in ding sth. 意為“成功做某事”。故填hlding。
10．deeply 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞impressed，表示抽象意義上的“深深地”。故填deeply。
五
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
English has develped ver a lng histry.
Old English cnsists f a 1 (mix) f Celtic language and the languages spken by tw Germanic grups frm the 2 (Eurpe) mainland.At the end f the 9th century,the Vikings mved t Britain, 3 (bring) with them their languages.Their languages als mixed 4 Old English,which had becme the fficial language f England by the 10th century.
Middle English refers t the English 5 (use) frm arund the 12th t the 15th centuries.In 1066,Nrmans, 6 French-speaking peple,defeated England. 7 French did nt replace English as the first language,it 8 (play) an imprtant rle in the frmatin f English.
During the Renaissance in the 16th century,Mdern English appeared,in 9 many Latin and Greek wrds were included.Nw English is 10 (wide) spken arund the wrld.
語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展過(guò)程。
1.mixture 【解析】此處表示古英語(yǔ)由凱爾特語(yǔ)和來(lái)自歐洲大陸的兩個(gè)日耳曼語(yǔ)族混合而成。根據(jù)前面的a可知此處應(yīng)用名詞,故填mixture。
2.Eurpean 【解析】由語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞mainland,故填Eurpean。
3.bringing 【解析】此處表示九世紀(jì)末,維京人帶著他們的語(yǔ)言到了英國(guó)。因主語(yǔ)“the Vikings”與bring之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ),故填bringing。
4.with 【解析】此處表示他們的語(yǔ)言也與古英語(yǔ)混合在一起,古英語(yǔ)到10世紀(jì)時(shí)已成為英國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言。mix with sth.是固定搭配,表示“與……混合”,故填with。
5.used 【解析】中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)是指大約從12世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)使用的英語(yǔ)。因use與被修飾詞English之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故此處用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ),故填used。
6.a 【解析】1066年,諾曼人,一個(gè)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)的民族打敗了英國(guó)。句中的peple在此表示“民族”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指,故填a。
7.Althugh/Thugh/While 【解析】句意:法語(yǔ)雖然沒(méi)有取代英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言,但在英語(yǔ)的形成中起了重要作用。根據(jù)句意可知,此處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“雖然,盡管”,位于句首時(shí)應(yīng)注意首字母大寫(xiě),故填A(yù)lthugh/Thugh/While。
8.played 【解析】本段講述的是中古英語(yǔ),即約12世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)的英語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故填played。
9.which 【解析】句意:在16世紀(jì)的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ),其中包括許多拉丁詞匯和希臘詞匯。這是一個(gè)由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Mdern English,關(guān)系詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ),因?yàn)榍懊嬗薪樵~,所以只能用which。
10.widely 【解析】句意:現(xiàn)在,英語(yǔ)在世界各地廣泛使用。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,故填widely。
It's late fall in the Arctic Ocean. Ice begins t frm n tp f the water, making it difficult fr the white whales t find pen areas t cme up fr air." They have t cme up t breathe," says Dnna Hauser, a marine bilgist(海洋生物學(xué)家)at the University f Alaska in Fairbanks.“ That's a mre difficult jb, and they have t find penings in the ice.”
The white whales knw it's time t leave fr warmer waters. S the grup f abut a hundred white whales heads suth tward the Bering Sea, a bdy f water separating the United States and Russia.
Halfway thrugh their jurney. the white whales find themselves swimming between tw large ice fles(浮冰).Suddenly, they hear a large splash(濺潑聲).A white whale's main enemy—an rca(虎鯨)—has appeared and is swimming tward the white whales. Luckily, rcas aren't as gd at swimming thrugh ice fles as white whales are, giving the white whales time t speed up and swim away.
The white whales are safe, fr nw." But befre getting t their destinatin, they must pass thrugh the Bering Strait cnnecting the Arctic Ocean with the Bering
Sea—befre the narrw(狹窄的)waterway freezes ver,” Hauser says.“ Otherwise, their path suth culd be blcked（阻擋）.”
The white whales finally make it t the Bering Strait, which hasn't yet frzen ver. After a few mre days f swimming, they arrive at the Bering Sea. The white whales will rest, hunt, and play here until April,when they'll swim back nrth. There,the females will give birth t baby white whales in the spring. When ice spreads acrss the Arctic Ocean again, thse babies will fllw their families suth and begin their first lng jurney.
1.Why d the white whales leave the Arctic Ocean?

2.What help the white whales escape frm the rca?

3.What des “their destinatin” in the furth paragraph refer t?

4.When will the white whales leave the Bering Sea?

5.What's the best title fr the text?

譯文
現(xiàn)在正值北冰洋深秋時(shí)節(jié)。水面上開(kāi)始結(jié)冰，導(dǎo)致白鯨很難找到能露出水面呼吸的地方。阿拉斯加大學(xué)費(fèi)爾班克斯分校的海洋生物學(xué)家Dnna Hauser表示：“白鯨必須浮出水面來(lái)呼吸?，F(xiàn)在這件事難度變大了，它們不得不去尋找沒(méi)結(jié)冰的地方?！?br>白鯨們知道，是時(shí)候離開(kāi)去更溫暖的水域了。于是，這個(gè)大約有100頭白鯨的鯨群開(kāi)始向南遷徙，游向白令?！瞧指袅嗣绹?guó)和俄羅斯的水域。
行程過(guò)半，白鯨們正在兩塊大浮冰之間游動(dòng)。突然，它們聽(tīng)到一陣巨大的濺潑聲。白鯨的勁敵——虎鯨出現(xiàn)了，正向白鯨游去。幸運(yùn)的是，虎鯨并不像白鯨那樣擅長(zhǎng)在浮冰之間游動(dòng)，這給了白鯨們迅速游走的時(shí)間。
白鯨們暫時(shí)安全了?！暗窃诘竭_(dá)目的地之前，它們必須通過(guò)連接北冰洋和白令海的白令海峽，而且要在這條狹窄的水道結(jié)冰之前。否則，它們南下的路可能會(huì)被阻斷。”Hauser說(shuō)道。
白鯨們終于成功游到了還未結(jié)冰的白令海峽。幾天后，它們到達(dá)了白令海。白鯨們將在這里休息、捕食和玩耍，直到來(lái)年四月份，到時(shí)候它們會(huì)再游回北邊。在那里，雌性白鯨將在春天產(chǎn)下小白鯨。當(dāng)冰層再次覆蓋北冰洋的海面時(shí)，這些小白鯨又會(huì)跟著它們的家人南下，開(kāi)始它們的第一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。
答案詳析
1. They have t get enugh air。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Ice begins t frm n tp f the water, making it difficult fr the white whales t find pen areas t cme up fr air.”可知，白鯨南遷是因?yàn)楸北蟮暮Ｃ娼Y(jié)冰了,它們很難找到能露出水面來(lái)呼吸的地方，所以它們離開(kāi)北冰洋是為了得到充足的空氣。
2. Swimming skills。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ Luckily, rcas aren't as gd at the white whales time t speed up and swim away.”可知，虎鯨不像白鯨那樣擅長(zhǎng)在浮冰間穿梭，這給了白鯨加速游開(kāi)的時(shí)間。所以白鯨能逃脫得益于它們的游泳技能。
3. The Bering Sea。根據(jù)第二段中的“S the grup f abut a hundred white whales heads suth tward the Bering Sea"以及最后一段中的“After a few mre days f swimming, they arrive at the Bering Sea.”可推知.“their destinatin”指的是它們的最終目的地——白令海。
4. In April。 根據(jù)最后一段第三句“The white whales will rest, hunt, and play here until April, when they'll swim back nrth.”可知,它們離開(kāi)白令海返回北方的時(shí)間是在4月份。
5. White Whales Are n the Mve。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一群白鯨由于北冰洋海面結(jié)冰而遷往白令海的過(guò)程，適合作本文標(biāo)題。
狀態(tài)“是”
be
持續(xù)“繼續(xù)或保持”
keep, remain, stay, lie
表像“看起來(lái)像”
seem, appear, lk
感官
lk,feel, smell, sund, taste
變化“變成”
becme, grw, turn, fall, get, g, cme, run
終止“證明是，結(jié)果是”
prve, turn ut
長(zhǎng)難句分析
原句：（倒數(shù)第二段第二句)But befre getting t their destinatin, they must pass thrugh the Bering Strait cnnecting the Arctic Ocean with the Bering Sea—befre the narrw waterway freezes ver...
譯文：但在到達(dá)目的地之前，它們必須通過(guò)連接北冰洋和白令海的白令海峽，而且要在這條狹窄的水道結(jié)冰之前通過(guò)……
分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。本句中第一個(gè)befre為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)befre為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)cnnecting the Arctic Ocean with the Bering Sea為后置定語(yǔ)，修飾the Bering Strait。

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