現(xiàn)在完成時 (have/has + v-ed)1) 表示說話時已經完成的動作，而且這個動作的結果對現(xiàn)在仍有影響;2) 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
被動語態(tài)助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞be隨主語的人稱、數和時態(tài)的變化而變化。當強調動作承受者，不必說出執(zhí)行者或含糊不清的執(zhí)行者時，多用被動語態(tài)。
have / has + been + v-ed
have /has + v-ed
現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的結構
現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的意義表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 到現(xiàn)在已經完成或對現(xiàn)在產生的影響。動詞和主語構成被動關系?？隙ㄊ剑篽ave/has + been + v-ed否定式：have/has + nt + been + v-ed一般疑問句：Have/Has +主語+ been +v-ed?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has +been+ v-ed?
1.并不是所有動詞都有被動語態(tài)。happen, take place, break ut, belng t, cst, last等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態(tài)。Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
2. 動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動語態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。 e.g. The rphans have been taken gd care f here．
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別 一般過去時被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去，其結果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響； 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。
The machine has been repaired．機器已經修好了。(動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在有影響，說明機器修好了，可以使用了。)The machine was repaired yesterday．機器昨天修了。(強調機器是昨天修好的。)
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, ur lives may be changed beynd recgnitin by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in ur lives, right dwn t the fd we eat. Fr instance, sme restaurants in Lndn have served 3D-printed hamburgers t custmers. But perhaps the mst significant success that peple have achieved t date is in medicine. They have made human bdy parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technlgy. And it is nt just humans wh are benefiting — in Brazil, peple have given a new 3D-printed shell t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
Many things in ur lives have already been affected,
3D-printed hamburgers have been served t custmers in sme restaurants in Lndn.But perhaps the mst significant success that has been achieved t date is in medicine.
Human bdy parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technlgy.
A new 3D-printed shell has been given t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
Imagine yu are Dr Mre. Lk at the pictures and tell the plice abut the damage and lss t yur lab. Use the present perfect passive where apprpriate.
Describe the paictures with Present perfect tense.
Mst students have read the bk by nw.
He has finished his hmewrk.
She has taught in ur schl fr 22 years.
使用現(xiàn)在完成時的注意事項
during/ ver/ in the last/ past+時間段, ...等時間狀語
recently, lately,
s far, up t nw, until nw
these days (years, mnths, weeks)
1. After several years f bservatin, the research grup_______________(arrive) at the cnclusin that language acquisitin is faster when students are expsed t the situatin where it is spken.2. Great changes _____________(take) place in my hmetwn and yu can see that a lt f factries have been set up.
has arrived
Q:上面的句子沒有時間狀語，為什么要用現(xiàn)在完成時？
A: 根據語境；表示“到目前為止，已經……”
1. It is the first time that the lcal educatin authrity _____________ (make) such strict requirements n ging-t-schl time fr primary and middle schl students.2. It ______________(be) ten years since we met last time.3. We ______________(be) t Beijing fur times, s this time we wn’t chse Beijing as a destinatin.
is/has been
The bk has been read by mst students by nw.
have/has dne
have/has been dne
(1)The dr has been lcked.(2)These flwers have been watered, and yu can g hme.(3)Our classrm has been cleaned, s yu needn't clean it nw.
1. Mre than 50,000 yuan(raise) fr the pr family since the grup was funded.2. The famus musician, as well as his students, ________(invite) t perfrm at the pening ceremny last night.3. In the last five years, Ca ___________ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents.
has been raised
was invited
3. This is the first time that a wman_____________(appint) t the pst.5. There ____________(be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, caused largely by rising glbal temperatures, accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
has been appinted
Read and rewrite.
But perhaps the mst significant success that has been achieved t date is in medicine.
現(xiàn)在完成時練習一1、During the last three decades, the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrams _____________(increase) sharply.2、After several years f bservatin, the research grup____ ______ (arrive) at the cnclusin that language acquisitin is faster when students are expsed t the situatin where it is spken.3、Simn_____________(attend) his father fr such a lng time that he understands almst every gesture f his father’s.4、It is the first time that the lcal educatin authrity ________ (make) such strict requirements n ging-t-schl time fr primary and middle schl students.5、Over the last few years, the number f students participating in vlunteer prgrams ______________ (increase) sharply in ur schl.
has increased
has arrived
has attended
has increased
6、Researchers believe that since 2010 an average f nearly 35,000 elephants _____________ (kill) annually n the cntinent.7、With the help f high technlgy, mre and mre new substances _______________ (discver) in the past years.8、In the past few centuries，the lighthuses alng Nrth Carlina’s cast __________________ (recgnize) as signs f safety fr travelers at sea.9、I cmplained t the manager f the htel abut the pr service last week, but up t nw，I _______ _____ (receive) his reply.
have been killed
have been discvered
have been recgnized
haven't received
10、Large quantities f water, as well as sme ther timely help including a medical team_______________(ffer) since the serius drught hit Yunnan Prvince.11、Mre than ne wrker _________________（send）t the training center t imprve their wrking skills in the past three years.12、Since 2011, the cuntry ___________(grw) mre crn than rice.13、 Regularly eating ut seems t _____________ (becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years.
has been sent
have been ffered
The windw has been brken.The lck n the dr has been brken.My tw laptps have been stlen.Beakers and test tubes have been destryed.The rbt has been damaged.
1. 將下面句子中的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1) Nbdy has heard f Susan since she mved .??________________________________________. 2) We haven't given them anything t eat.???_________________________________________3) We have already discussed this questin.???_________________________________________
Susan hasn't been heard f since she mved.
This questin has already been discussed.
They haven't been given anything t eat.
1) The same mistake _______________ (make) many times.2) Mre than 100 famus films ________________ (shw) in the city since July.
2.用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。
has been made??
have been shwn

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