【命題解讀】
在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。近幾年來,高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在語法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近一致三個(gè)方面上。
【命題預(yù)測(cè)】
主謂一致在高考中常與名詞結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行綜合考查,多以語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)的形式出題,在完形填空中也會(huì)有所涉及,總體難度系數(shù)較低,縱觀近年的高考真題,主謂一致中的固定搭配是考查的重難點(diǎn)。預(yù)計(jì)2019年高考仍會(huì)沿襲這一命題規(guī)律。
【復(fù)習(xí)建議】
1. 掌握主謂一致的三個(gè)原則:語法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致;
2. 掌握主謂一致中的固定搭配;
3. 掌握定語從句中的主謂一致;
4. 掌握倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致。
高考主謂一致的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)
考向一語法一致
語法一致:就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。
單數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞., 不定式,動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
? His father is wrking n the farm.
? Time is mney.
? T finish all the wrk n time is impssible.
? Reading in the sun is bad fr yur eyes.
? The children are in the classrm 2 hurs ag.
◆由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)但如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
What I bught were 3 English bks.
What I say and d are helpful t yu.
由and 或 連接起來的合成主語后面謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are friends.
Bth she and he are Yung Pineers.
◆如果and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)。
The writer and artist has cme.
◆由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前分別有each, every, n mre than a(an), many a(an)修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Every student and every teacher was in the rm.
N by and n girl likes it.
主語后面有with, tgether with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, mre than, n less than, besides, including等引起的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
Mr Green, tgether with his wife and children, has cme t China.
Nbdy but Jim and Mike was n the playgrund.
She, like yu and Tm, is very tall.
either, neither, each, every或n+單數(shù)neither/neither/nne f +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,還有sme, any, n, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Each f us has a new bk.
Everything arund us is matter.
Neither f the texts is interesting.
Nne f us has been t Suth Africa.
定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that, which, wh 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和先行詞一致。
He is ne f my students wh are wrking hard.
He is the nly ne f my friends wh is wrking hard.
1(2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空)While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling r swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示:跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且主語是it,表示單數(shù)概念。故填is。
2.He is ne f the mst selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has;anyne likesB. have;des anyne like
C. has;n ne likesD. have;anyne likes
【答案】D
集體名詞family, class, crwd, cmmittee, ppulatin, audience等,指整體時(shí),用單數(shù);指集體的成員時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)。
His family is a happy ne.
The whle family are watching TV.
The ppulatin f China is 1400 millin.(人口)
One third f the ppulatin here are wrkers.(人)
◆peple, cattle, plice作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
由 a lt f, lts f, plenty f, the rest f, the majrity f +名詞,或者是分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
The rest f the lecture is wnderful.
A lt f time is wasted.
A lt f peple take part in the meeting.
2/3 water is drunk by him.
2/3 students are absent.
倒裝句中,謂語v.的數(shù)與其后的主語一致。
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
It is imprtant t remember that success ________ a sum f small effrts made each day and ften ________ years f achieve.
A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take
【答案】A
考向二 意義一致原則
表示時(shí)間、度量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,因?yàn)槠湓诟拍钌鲜且粋€(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Twenty minutes is enugh fr the wrk.
One hundred dllars is stlen frm the ATM.
如果是書名,片名,格言,劇名,報(bào)名,國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting stry bk.
ne and a half +復(fù)數(shù)n.,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
One and a half apples is left n the table.
算是中表示數(shù)目通常用單數(shù)(加減乘除)
表示學(xué)科的以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞作主語,用單數(shù)。
Physics is an imprtant subject in middle schls.
Mathematics is the study f numbers.
Plitics, ecnmics, athletics等。
復(fù)數(shù)形式的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語,意義一致。
The glass wrks was built up in 1980.
These glass wrks are near the railway statin.
由兩部分組成的名詞,trusers, glasses, shrts, scissrs等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。a pair f 等量詞時(shí),視情況而定。
The + adj. 表示一類人,作主語時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The yung are usually very active.
The ld are lnely.
考向三 就近一致原則
就近一致:在英語句子中,有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。
(1)當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either … r, neither … nr,whether … r …,nt nly …but als連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。
Neither his parents nr I am able t persuade him t change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能說服他改變注意。
(2)there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語,則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。
There are tw pens,a bk and three pencils n the desk. 書桌上有兩支鋼筆,一本書和三支鉛筆。
There is a bk,tw pens and three pencils n the desk. 書桌上有一本書,兩支鋼筆和三支鉛筆。
(3)在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。
Here is a map and a handbk fr yu. 這是一張你的地圖和一本手冊(cè)。
Such are the facts. 事實(shí)就是如此。
(4)就遠(yuǎn)原則:謂語動(dòng)詞與前面主語一致。
主語后面接連接性短語時(shí),這種結(jié)構(gòu)并不影響主語和謂語的關(guān)系,即謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語的數(shù)保持一致。此類連接性短語有as well as,as much as,alng with,with,like,rather than, tgether with,but,except,besides,including,in additin t等。
yur sister as well as yur parents is very kind t me.你姐姐和你父母一樣,對(duì)我很好。
she,like yu and betty,is very clever.像你和betty一樣,她也很聰明。
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating n the frzen river every Sunday afternn in winter.
A.is gingB.gC.gesD.are ging
【答案】C
【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在冬天的每個(gè)星期天下午,這位父親和他的三個(gè)孩子都去結(jié)冰的河面上滑冰。當(dāng) as well as 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與as well as前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。本題的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與The father保持一致,用單數(shù)形式;由時(shí)間狀語 every Sunday afternn可知,本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。
考點(diǎn)三 "名詞+介詞短語"作主語
名詞或代詞后接as well as,with,alng with,tgether with,except,but等短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞短語前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
She as well as ther students likes playing cmputer games. 她和其他學(xué)生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。
He with his parents is wrking in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nbdy but yu and me knws it. 除了你和我,沒人知道。
考向四 不定代詞作主語
1. 當(dāng)作主語的名詞前有each,neither,either,every修飾或each,neither,either作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?Each student has a bk. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。
?Either answer is crrect. 兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。
?Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都沒有和他在一起。
?Every minute is imprtant t us. 每一分鐘對(duì)大家都很重要。
2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞smene,anyne,smebdy,anybdy,nbdy,everybdy,smething,anything,nthing,everything等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?Smebdy is waiting fr yu utside. 有人在外面等你。
?Is everybdy here tday? 今天大家都到了嗎?
?Smething is wrng with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
?Nbdy was away yesterday. 昨天沒有人離開。
All we need _________ a small piece f land where we can plant varius kinds f fruit
trees thrughut the grwing seasns f the year.
areB. wasC. isD. were
【答案】C
考向五 特殊名詞作主語
1. 國(guó)名、人名、書名、報(bào)刊名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞作主語時(shí),即使其形式上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。
?The United States lies t the east f China. 美國(guó)在中國(guó)的東方。(國(guó)名)
?Engels was gd at learning freign languages. 恩格斯擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)外語。(人名)
2. "the+形容詞"作主語時(shí),表示某類人,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
?The sick are taken gd care f. 病人得到很好的照顧。
?The ld are suppsed t be spken t plitely. 跟老人講話要有禮貌。
3. 以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如maths,physics,plitics等和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞,如news,plastics等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
?Physics is very difficult fr me t learn. 物理對(duì)我來講很難學(xué)。
?The news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動(dòng)人心。
4. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞,如Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前的修飾語來確定。
?A Chinese wants t see yu. 一個(gè)中國(guó)人想見你。
?Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有10只綿羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示一國(guó)人,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中國(guó)人說漢語。
考向六 表數(shù)量概念的詞或短語作主語
1. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),通??醋饕粋€(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就過去了。
?Ten dllars is enugh. 10美元就夠了。
?100 kilmeters is a lng way. 100千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。
2. 加減乘除運(yùn)算中的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),其中加法與乘法也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
?Tw and tw is/are fur. 2加2等于4。
?Six times ne is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. "many a/mre than ne+單數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?There is mre than ne answer. 有不止一個(gè)答案。
?Many a student has passed the exam. 許多學(xué)生通過了考試。
4. "ne and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。
?One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部時(shí)間。
?One and a half pears is left n the plate. 一個(gè)半梨被留在盤子里。
5. the rest f... 短語作主語時(shí),如果f后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);如果f后接不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。
?The rest f the bikes are n sale. 余下的自行車降價(jià)出售。
?The rest f the bread is gne. 剩余的面包不見了。
6. "nne f+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。
?Nne f the dgs was/were there. 那兒沒有狗。
7. "a number f+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"表示"許多/大量的……",其后的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);"the number f+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"表示"……的數(shù)量",其中心詞為number,故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?A number f farmers are standing ver there. 許多農(nóng)民站在那邊。
?The number f the students in this schl has reached ver 2,000. 這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到2 000多人。
8. "a lt f/lts f/plenty f+名詞"作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞由f后的名詞來確定。如果f后是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果f后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
?A lt f time is needed. 需要大量的時(shí)間。
?Plenty f wrkers are wrking. 許多工人在工作。
考向七 動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句作主語
動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)。
?Ding mrning exercises is gd fr yur bdy. 做早操對(duì)你的身體有益。
?T play with fire near a gas statin is very dangerus. 在加油站附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。
?What he said at the meeting is very imprtant. 他在會(huì)上的發(fā)言很重要。

The university estimates that living expenses fr internatinal students ________ arund $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden fr sme f them.
A. are;is B. are;are C. is;are D. is;is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:那所大學(xué)估計(jì),對(duì)國(guó)際學(xué)生來說,一年的生活開銷大約是8450美元,這對(duì)他們中某些學(xué)生來說是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。第一空的主語是living expenses,是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);第二空的主語是which,指代的是前面整個(gè)句子,因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【辨析】
【巧學(xué)妙記】
基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)
Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.Have an aim in life r yur ________ (energy) will all be wasted.
2.—Hw can I take the medicine,sir?
—Just fllw the ________ (direct) n the bttle.
3.________ (lker-n) see mre than players.
4.The gluttn has tw ________ (stmach) t eat but n stmach fr wrk.
5.The fisher wh draws in his net t sn wn’t have any ________ (fish) t sell.
6.Mre than 300 ________ (cach) have been invited t the meeting.
7.They tk sme ________ (pht) when they visited China.
8.Mr. Smith,tgether with his wife and daughters,________ (be) ging t visit Beijing next year.
9.Either yu r ne f yur students ________ (be) t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.
10.Every man and every wman ________ (have) a gd reasn t be prud f the wrk dne by their fathers. They all think what their fathers d are meaningful.
能力提升
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 單項(xiàng)填空
1.S far as I knw, a number f the students in ur schl ___________ frm the suburb and the number f them ___________ 500.
A. cme;isB. cmes;areC. cmes;isD. cme;are
2.The teacher alng with her students ___________ the Palace Museum when we came acrss her.
A. were visitingB. was visiting
C. has visitedD. have visited
3.The teacher, ___________ several students, ___________ discussing the prblem.
A. tgether with;isB. as well as;are
C. and;isD. alng with;are
4. Nt nly his parents but als his elder brther ___________ t the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back yet.
A. have beenB. have gne
C. has beenD. has gne
5. Abut ___________ f his spare time ___________ spent in reading.
A. third-fifths;areB. three-fifths;is
C. three-fives;areD. three-fifth;is
6. Jane is the nly ne f the students wh ___________ a little Chinese and is ne f my friends wh ___________ studying in China nw.
A. knw;haveB. knws;has
C. knws;areD. knw;is
7.—The rm is in a mess again!
—Srry. It is ___________ wh ___________.
A. me;is t blameB. I;is t be blamed
C. me;am t be blamedD. I;am t blame
8. D yu knw the man ___________ the little girl is turning t fr help? He is ne f the teachers wh ___________ in ur schl.
A. wh;is wrkingB. whm;are wrking
C. whm;wrksD. which;wrks
9. When and where we’ll hld the meeting ___________ nt been decided yet.
A. hasB. isC. haveD. are
10. With mre frests being destryed, huge quantities f gd earth ___________ each year.
A. is washing awayB. is being washed away
C. are washing awayD. are being washed away
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 語法填空
D yu like traveling? Wuld yu like t tell me if yu 1 (ffer) the pprtunity t visit a new cuntry and stay with a family? 2 the idea f taking a language exchange trip t a different cuntry can be 3 (frighten) at first, it ffers a great pprtunity t imprve yur freign language. Yu als have the chance t experience the life in 4 new and exciting place. Living with a lcal family is ften the 5 (gd) way t understand a different culture. Staying in a htel with ther turists is different. If yu chse t live with a family, yu will be able t practice yur freign language all day. Besides, the family will be friendly and make yu 6 (feel) at hme. Yu will knw all the best 7 (place) in that cuntry. Perhaps the mst imprtant reasn t take part in a language exchange prgram 8 (be) that even when yu are back t yur cuntry, being able t chat with them ver the Internet is a great way t keep 9 yur freign language. 10 (hpe), the abve will help yu t put aside yur wrries and start yur trip.

體驗(yàn)真題
1.(2017·江蘇)The publicatin f Great Expectatins, which ____________ bth widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading nvelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. (2017·天津)Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, ___________ as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded
C. are regarded D. regards
3.(2013·福建)The famus musician, as well as his students, ________ t perfrm at the pening ceremny f the 2012 Taipei Flwer Exp.
A. were invited B. was invited
C. have been invited D. has been invited
4.(2013·江蘇)Generally,students’ inner mtivatin with high expectatins frm thers ________ essential t their develpment.
A.is B. are C. was D. were
基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)
Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.energies 2.directins 3.Lkers-n 4.stmachs 5.fish
6.caches 7.phts 8.is 9.is 10.has
能力提升
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 單項(xiàng)填空
1. A 【解析】考查主謂一致。第一空的主語是"a number f the students in ur schl",指"許多學(xué)生",謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式;第二空的主語是"the number f them",指"學(xué)生的數(shù)量",謂語用單數(shù)形式。故選A。
3. A 【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:這個(gè)老師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生正在討論這個(gè)問題。tgether with"與……一起";as well as"也,和";and"和";alng with"與……一道"都符合語境;主句的主語是the teacher,tgether with several students修飾主語,因此主語是第三人稱單數(shù),所以第二空用謂語用is。綜上所述,故選A。
4. D 【解析】句意:不僅他的父母而且他的哥哥也去了頤和園,他們還沒有回來。nt nly... but (als)...連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與but (als)后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致;再結(jié)合語境"They haven’t been back yet."可知D項(xiàng)切題。
5. B 【解析】考查分?jǐn)?shù)和主謂一致的用法。句意:他大約花費(fèi)五分之三的空閑時(shí)間在看書上。表達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分子應(yīng)用基數(shù)詞,分母應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞,當(dāng)分子大于一時(shí),序數(shù)詞后面加-s;又因主語是不可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選B。
6. C 【解析】考查主謂一致的用法。在第一個(gè)wh引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)定語從句中,先行詞是the nly ne,所以從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);而在第二個(gè)wh引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,先行詞是my friends,所以從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故選C。
7. D 【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語I,所以系動(dòng)詞用am;be t blame是固定搭配,指"該受責(zé)備,應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任"。故選D。
8. B 【解析】考查定語從句和主謂一致。定語從句中turn t后缺少賓語,且指代先行詞the man,故用that或whm;第二空對(duì)應(yīng)的主語wh替代復(fù)先行詞the teachers,故該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),選B項(xiàng)。
9. A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議現(xiàn)在還沒有決定。本句中,兩個(gè)特殊疑問詞when和where指的是同一件事情,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),根據(jù)yet判斷本句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故A項(xiàng)正確。
10. D 【解析】考查主謂一致和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:隨著更多的森林正在被破壞,每年有大量的好泥土正在被沖走。謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)來定,本句中quantity為復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng);又因?yàn)閑arth和wash away之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選D項(xiàng)。
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 語法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文,論述了如果你想學(xué)好一門外語或是體驗(yàn)?zāi)骋粋€(gè)國(guó)家的風(fēng)土人情,語言交流之旅將是你的不二選擇的原因。用英語進(jìn)行交流是考生必備的學(xué)科素養(yǎng),體現(xiàn)了高考注重培養(yǎng)中學(xué)生跨文化交際的能力。
1.have been ffered
2.Althugh/Thugh
【解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示雖然去一個(gè)不同的國(guó)家參加語言交流項(xiàng)目這一想法起初聽起來有點(diǎn)嚇人,但是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以給你提供很好的提高外語水平的機(jī)會(huì)。前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此要用Althugh/Thugh。
3.frightening
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞-ed形式。此處表示去一個(gè)不同的國(guó)家參加語言交流項(xiàng)目這一想法起初聽起來有點(diǎn)令人害怕。動(dòng)詞frighten的形容詞形式有兩個(gè):frightened和frightening。前者表示"感到害怕的",后者表示"令人害怕的"。此處用來修飾主語the idea,因此應(yīng)該用形容詞frightening。
4.a
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:你還有機(jī)會(huì)體驗(yàn)在一個(gè)新的、令人激動(dòng)的地方的生活。根據(jù)語境可知,句中place表示泛指意義,故用不定冠詞。
5.best
【解析】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示和當(dāng)?shù)厝俗≡谝黄鹜ǔJ菍W(xué)習(xí)他們的文化的最好的方式。故此處應(yīng)用gd的最高級(jí)形式best。
6.feel
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中動(dòng)詞make后可接賓補(bǔ),構(gòu)成"make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。注意make后的賓補(bǔ)為不定式時(shí),應(yīng)省略不定式符號(hào)t。
7.places
【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意:你將了解那個(gè)國(guó)家所有最好的地方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句中的all可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8.is
【解析】考查考主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本空應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞,又因?yàn)橹髡Z為reasn,因此應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。
9.up
10.Hpefully
【解析】考查副詞。句意:希望以上所述能夠幫助你放下你的顧慮,開始你的旅程。本空用來修飾整個(gè)句子,因此應(yīng)該用副詞形式。又因?yàn)楸究赵诰涫?,所以單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。
體驗(yàn)真題
1. C 【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是包含定語從句的復(fù)合句,先行詞是Great Expectatins是書名,看作單數(shù),所以定語從句的謂語也要使用單數(shù)形式;根據(jù)"strengthened"可知,"被廣泛閱讀和得到高度評(píng)價(jià)"發(fā)生在過去,故選C。
2. B 【解析】句意:現(xiàn)在騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認(rèn)為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語… (把……看做……)和句意確定應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除A和D;由介詞短語alng with連接的三個(gè)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該就前一致,即用單數(shù),排除C。故選B。
3.B 【解析】考查主謂一致。as well as, tgether with, like等介詞或介詞短語連接并列主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與介詞或介詞短語之前的主語保持一致。 此句復(fù)合介詞前的主語是musician, 故可先排除B和C, 句中有明確的過去時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),所以答案為B。
4.A 【解析】考查主謂一致。句意為:通常情況,對(duì)別人期望很高的學(xué)生的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)他們的發(fā)展是必要
一致原則
考點(diǎn)詳解
例句
語法一致
1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
His father is wrking n the farm.
T study English well is nt easy.
What he said is very imprtant fr us all.
The children were in the classrm tw hurs ag.
Reading in the sun is bad fr yur eyes.
2. 由連接詞and或bth …… and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are classmates.
The by and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
Bth she and he are Yung Pineers.
3. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with,tgether with,except,but,like,as well as,rather than,mre than,n less than, besides,including等引起的短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Mr. Green,tgether with his wife and children,has cme t China.
Nbdy but Jim and Mike was n the playgrund.
She,like yu and Tm,is very tall.
4. either,neither,each,every 或n +單數(shù)名詞和由sme,any,n,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。
Each f us has a new bk.
Everything arund us is matter.
5. 在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that,wh, which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。
He is ne f my friends wh are wrking hard.
He is the nly ne f my friends wh is wrking hard.
一致原則
考點(diǎn)詳解
例句
語法一致
6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
這些詞有family, class, crwd, cmmittee, ppulatin, audience等。
Class Fur is n the third flr.
Class Fur are unable t agree upn a mnitr.
注:peple,plice,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:The plice are lking fr the lst child.
7. 由“a lt f,lts f,plenty f,the rest f,the majrity f +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。
There are a lt f peple in the classrm. The rest f the lecture is wnderful.
50% f the students in ur class are girls.
注:a number f 與the number f的區(qū)別
8. 在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。
There cmes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result. Such are the facts.
邏輯一致
1. what, wh, which, any, mre, all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。
Which is yur bag?Which are yur bags?
All is ging well. All have gne t Beijing.
2. 表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。
Thirty minutes is enugh fr the wrk.
Ten miles is t lng.
3. 若主語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting stry-bk.
4. 表數(shù)量的短語“ne and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式。
One and a half apples is left n the table.
一致原則
考點(diǎn)詳解
例句
邏輯一致
5. 算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。
Twelve plus eight is twenty.
Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾,如:mathematics,plitics,physics 以及news, wrks等,都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
The paper wrks was built in 1990.
I think physics isn‘t easy t study.
7. trusers, glasses, clthes, shes,jeans 等詞作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pair f等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
My glasses are brken.
The pair f shes under the bed is his.
8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”,表示某一類人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The ld are taken gd care f.
9. a (large) quantity f 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
A large quantity f peple is needed here.
注意:quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。
Quantities f fd (nuts) were n the table.
10. a great deal f, a large amunt f 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù); large amunts f 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
A large amunt f (A great deal f) damage was dne in a very shrt time.
Large amunts f mney were spent n the bridge.
就近一致
1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either … r, neither … nr,whether … r …,nt nly …but als連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。
Either the teacher r the students are ur friends.
Neither they nr he is whlly right.
2. there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語,則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。
There are tw chairs and a desk in the rm.
Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。
如:Here is a map and a handbk fr yu.
其他情況
例句
and連接并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù);但是and連接的并列主語指同一人、同一物時(shí),謂語使用單數(shù)。
The writer and teacher is cming. 那位作家兼教師來了(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)
The writer and the teacher are cming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)
"單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/including/like/with/alng with/as well as /rather than/such as/tgether with+名詞或代詞作主語,謂語使用單數(shù)形式,如果之前的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)。
Mike with his father has been t England.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。
Mike, like his brther,enjys playing ftball. 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。
"the number f+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語謂語用單數(shù); "a(gd/large) number f+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number f the students is ver eight hundred. 學(xué)生人數(shù)超過八百。
A number f teachers are present tday,and the number f them is 500. 許多教師今天都出席了,有500人。
由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),如chpsticks,glasses,shes,scks,stckings, trusers, bts等。若此類名詞被"a kind f/a pair f’’修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The scissrs are n the shelf next t the cupbard. 剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。
A pair f glasses csts quite a lt these days. 近些天,眼鏡的售價(jià)很高。
當(dāng)nt nly... but als...,nt... but...,r,either... r….,neither... nr...等連接并列主語時(shí),以及在there be句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則。
Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都沒有看過這部電影
Either yu r he is t attend the meeting tmrrw.或者是你或者是他去參加明天的會(huì)議。
某些集體名詞class, club, family, team, grup等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞采用意義一致原則,即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The cmpany has grwn rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來迅速發(fā)展壯大。
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里,全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)。
【知識(shí)拓展】如果這一類集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式,如果這一類詞指的是具體成員,則謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
主謂一致記憶口訣
單單復(fù)復(fù)最常見,集體名詞謂用單。
如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員,復(fù)數(shù)謂語記心間。
有些名詞謂常復(fù),peple、plice即這般。
主語單數(shù)后接介,謂語單數(shù)介無關(guān)。
many a作主語也如此,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單。
r、nr、but als、there be,近主原則掛嘴邊。
關(guān)系代詞定主語,謂語根據(jù)先行詞判。
不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞,主語從句謂全單。
時(shí)間、貨幣與距離,謂語多單復(fù)少見,
rest,means,fllwing等,意義決定其復(fù)、單。
nne,all,half f等,f之賓語定答案。
還有分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù),仍據(jù)f之賓定復(fù)、單。
代詞all指人謂復(fù)數(shù),all指事情謂用單。
量詞用法請(qǐng)注意,謂語要隨量詞變。
and連接兩名詞,身兼兩職一定冠。
n,each,every后單名,兩種事物一概念。
以上情況請(qǐng)記清,謂語動(dòng)詞全用單。
形容詞帶the一類人,姓氏復(fù)數(shù)加定冠,
-s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈與群島,謂語用復(fù)勿用單。
代詞neither,either,each,用作主語謂全單。

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