專題20 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文- 2025年高考英語(yǔ)二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

高考閱讀理解選材來(lái)源廣泛，多源于國(guó)外英文圖書(shū)、報(bào)刊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，語(yǔ)言地道純正，具有鮮明的語(yǔ)言文化特點(diǎn)。體裁包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，涉及科普、社會(huì)、文化、地理、歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文、日常生活等領(lǐng)域。命題主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)及推理判斷。
C篇說(shuō)明文，難度加大，關(guān)鍵在于把握文章核心信息，利用定位對(duì)比和細(xì)致分析句子。
說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物或事理進(jìn)行客觀說(shuō)明的一種文體，它以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式，通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物或闡明事理，達(dá)到教人以知識(shí)的目的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上往往采用總分(總)、遞進(jìn)等方式按一定的順序(如時(shí)間、空間、從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì))進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。說(shuō)明文的特點(diǎn)是客觀、簡(jiǎn)練、語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確、明了，文章很少表達(dá)作者的感情傾向。閱讀說(shuō)明文的重點(diǎn)在于讀懂它說(shuō)明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、構(gòu)造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特點(diǎn)等。
題型01 增加外刊積累、避免思維定式
【題型詮釋】
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀很大一部分選自國(guó)外的網(wǎng)站、報(bào)紙、雜志等，時(shí)效性和話題性比較突出。因此，考生要熟悉外刊的文章特點(diǎn)、常用寫作技巧、話題相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí)等相關(guān)信息，消除文化隔閡、文化差異造成的理解困難和理解偏差。比如，外刊的標(biāo)題一般簡(jiǎn)短概括，非常精練。為了使語(yǔ)句短小而生動(dòng)、醒目，所使用的詞語(yǔ)和句子必須壓縮到最精練的程度，這就要求必須有獨(dú)特的撰寫方式。除了大家熟知的省略、縮寫等方式，還常常引用或套用名言、典故、諺語(yǔ)和文學(xué)著作，運(yùn)用押韻等修辭手法。這一點(diǎn)是很多考生，甚至是教師的認(rèn)識(shí)盲點(diǎn)。尤其是科普類說(shuō)明文，很多人對(duì)它的認(rèn)識(shí)僅僅停留在標(biāo)題是文章中心的簡(jiǎn)單概括，而忽視了它可能采用的修辭手法或者引用或套用所涉及的文化背景知識(shí)。
Listen carefully t the ftsteps in the family hme， especially if it has wden flrs， and yu can prbably wrk ut wh it is that is walking abut. The features mst cmmnly used t identify peple are faces， vices， finger prints and retinal scans. But their “behaviural bimetrics”， such as the way they walk， are als giveaways.
64. Whats the best title f the passage？
A. Listen t yur ftsteps
B. Applaud pattern recgnitin
C. Lve the way yu walk
D. Better the mats yu step n
在選擇過(guò)程中，很多考生都不敢選擇C項(xiàng)。因?yàn)樵谒麄兊男哪恐?，說(shuō)明文的標(biāo)題就是刻板、直接、枯燥的，這與選項(xiàng)中的lve風(fēng)格極為不符。仔細(xì)閱讀這一段，其實(shí)很容易感受到作者選用該標(biāo)題的含義?！癓isten carefully t the ftsteps in the family hme， especially if it has wden flrs， and yu can prbably wrk ut wh it is that is walking abut.” 此句表示通過(guò)分辨腳步聲，你就可以辨別出走路的人是誰(shuí)。這個(gè)人一定是自己的家人，或者是非常熟悉的朋友。因此，在聽(tīng)到腳步聲的時(shí)候應(yīng)當(dāng)是充滿著親切和期待，甚至是開(kāi)心和激動(dòng)的。當(dāng)一個(gè)人在家的時(shí)候，當(dāng)一個(gè)人孤獨(dú)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)一個(gè)人不開(kāi)心、需要安慰的時(shí)候，最喜歡的就是這種熟悉的腳步聲。文章介紹的通過(guò)識(shí)別人的走路方式來(lái)識(shí)別身份的墊子，也跟腳步聲有一樣的功效，墊子“喜愛(ài)”通過(guò)識(shí)別人的走路方式發(fā)揮作用，墊子主人也“喜愛(ài)”熟悉的、親近的人的到來(lái)。
題型02 關(guān)注句間銜接，緊扣段落中心
【題型詮釋】
英語(yǔ)文章中有大量的詞匯是作者用來(lái)聯(lián)系句子的，從而使整篇文章前后貫通、語(yǔ)義明確。標(biāo)志詞（signal wrds）就是表明句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，具有詞義、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志作用的詞或詞組。句子間的邏輯關(guān)系和銜接手段不外乎列舉、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、對(duì)照、補(bǔ)充、目的、條件等。如表示列舉的詞：fr example， fr instance; 表羅列的詞：first， secnd， third， t begin with， t cnclude;表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞：hwever， but， whereas; 表示原因的詞：because， since， as;表示結(jié)果的詞：s， therefre， thus， cnsequently， as a result;表示對(duì)照的詞：n the cntrary， by cntrast， in cmparisn;表示目的的詞：s that， in rder that等。標(biāo)志詞就像指路牌一樣，指明作者思路發(fā)展的方向和思路之間的邏輯聯(lián)系。標(biāo)志詞前后的信息往往都是命題和答題的主要線索或依據(jù)，因此，識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞對(duì)考生更快、更好地理解文章具有舉足輕重的作用。
But there is cause fr cncern. The Internet has made data abundant， all-present and far mre valuable， changing the nature f data and cmpetitin. Ggle initially used the data cllected frm users t target advertising better. But recently it has discvered that data can be turned int new services： translatin and visual recgnitin， t be sld t ther cmpanies. Internet cmpanies cntrl f data gives them enrmus pwer. S they have a “Gds eye view” f activities in their wn markets and beynd.
62. What des the technlgical innvatin in paragraph 3 indicate？
A. Data giants technlgy is very expensive.
B. Ggles idea is ppular amng data firms.
C. Data can strengthen giants cntrlling psitin.
D. Data can be turned int new services r prducts.
該題解決的關(guān)鍵仍然是要理清句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。“The Internet has made data abundant， all-present and far mre valuable， changing the nature f data and cmpetitin.” 為中心句，即互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了數(shù)據(jù)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的性質(zhì)。其后，Ggle initially used...雖然沒(méi)有fr example作為標(biāo)志詞，但是，我們可以判斷出此處作者正在用具體的事例對(duì)中心句做具體的舉例論證說(shuō)明。該句和后面的“Internet cmpanies cntrl f data gives them enrmus pwer.”分為兩個(gè)方面就互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了數(shù)據(jù)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的性質(zhì)（變成可以出售的服務(wù)和讓企業(yè)擁有“上帝視角”）進(jìn)行了具體說(shuō)明。把握住它們之間的關(guān)系，該題很容易看出，只有C項(xiàng)才是符合中心句的觀點(diǎn)的（加強(qiáng)了企業(yè)的控制地位，即擁有“上帝視角”）。
題型03 把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清作者思路
【題型詮釋】
說(shuō)明文主題鮮明、脈絡(luò)清晰，行文結(jié)構(gòu)模式較為固定。弄清文本結(jié)構(gòu)有助于把握文章主旨和閱讀重點(diǎn)。作者在謀篇布局上常使用以下說(shuō)明方法：描述法（descriptin）（包括舉例子、下定義、列數(shù)據(jù)等）、因果法（cause and effect）、問(wèn)題與對(duì)策法（prblem and slutin）。實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究型文章一般會(huì)以實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程、進(jìn)展為線索，多用描述法、問(wèn)題與對(duì)策法等方法，通過(guò)列數(shù)據(jù)、做對(duì)比等來(lái)說(shuō)明新的科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)及其產(chǎn)生的影響。介紹說(shuō)明型文章通常是介紹一種新產(chǎn)品、新技術(shù)，更多運(yùn)用描述法從功能、用途、材料和市場(chǎng)前景等方面進(jìn)行介紹。
在閱讀時(shí)，首先用略讀法快速瀏覽每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本結(jié)構(gòu)，然后根據(jù)作者謀篇布局的邏輯線索歸納主旨大意。如果文章中含有小標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題等，在概括全文主旨大意和寫作目的時(shí)需要重點(diǎn)考慮。
Old Prblem， New Appraches
While clean energy is increasingly used in ur daily life， glbal warming will cntinue fr sme decades after CO2 emissins（排放） peak. S even if emissins were t begin t decrease tday， we wuld still face the challenge f adapting t climate change. Here I will stress sme smarter and mre creative examples f climate adaptatin.
...
Arund the wrld， peple are adapting in surprising ways， especially in sme pr cun-tries. Flds have...
Elsewhere in Asia even mre astnishing actins are being taken. Chewang Nrphel lives in a muntainus regin in India， where he is knwn as the Ice Man...
Increasing Earths reflectiveness can cl the planet. In suthern Spain the sudden increase f greenhuses（which reflect light back t space） has changed the warming trend lcally， and actually cled the regin. While Spain...
In Peru， lcal farmers arund a muntain with a glacier that has already fallen victim t climate change have begun painting the entire muntain peak white in the hpe that the added reflectiveness will restre the life-giving ice. The utcme is still far frm clear. But the Wrld Bank has included the prject n its list f “100 ideas t save the planet”.
Mre rdinary frms f adaptatin are happening everywhere. A friend f mine...
68. What d we learn frm the Peru example？
A. White paint is usually safe fr buildings.
B. The glbal warming trend cannt be stpped.
C. This cuntry is heating up t quickly.
D. Sunlight reflectin may relieve glbal warming.
這是一篇人文社科類說(shuō)明文。文章舉例說(shuō)明了在全球變暖的情況下，人類應(yīng)該如何發(fā)揮聰明才智，以創(chuàng)新的方式（new appraches）適應(yīng)氣候變化。文章內(nèi)容新穎，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，主題鮮明。文章結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
通過(guò)對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握，我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)the Peru example是對(duì)上一段的方法“Increasing Earths reflectiveness can cl the planet.”具體實(shí)施的一個(gè)案例。因此，答案就可以非常容易選出。而很多同學(xué)只閱讀試題相關(guān)的段落，不顧及該段落在全文框架結(jié)構(gòu)中的位置，就很容易出現(xiàn)理解偏差、選錯(cuò)答案的情況。
【高考真題】
（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Mst peple with gd sense wuld accept that we can and shuld learn frm accidental failures. It wuld be impssible t prgress in anything, after all, withut taking the ccasinal misstep. And by understanding hw we slipped, we can avid falling in the future.
Few wuld advcate making intentinal mistakes, hwever. Yet cnsciusly erring (犯錯(cuò)) can prmte deeper understanding and better recall. The phenmenn is knwn as the derring effect — cming frm “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied prperly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas f life.
In ne experiment carried ut at the Natinal University f Singapre, participants were given the task f learning cncepts n a difficult subject. Fr sme terms, they simply cpied ut the crrect definitin; fr thers, they were asked t first add an errr in their descriptin f the term befre crrecting the mistake.
Naturally, yu wuld expect the additin f the errrs t have increased unwanted cnfusin. Yet the exact ppsite was true: the participants wh made deliberate errrs learned abut twice as much as the peple wh simply cpied ut the crrect definitins.
The derring effect culd be applied in ther situatins. S a music teacher may find the additin f deliberate errrs culd help a student remember the right musical ntes. Such a playful apprach culd fuel their creativity fr cmpsitin, if the student lks fr ways t develp thse wrng ntes int smething mre attractive. It is encuraging t discver that by readily accepting ur errrs and wisely placing urselves in the way f being wrng, we can in fact vercme weaknesses and rise strnger.
The derring effect culd be useful fr many ther challenges t. If yu enjy cking, fr example, yu may faithfully fllw a recipe withut questining the instructins. But why nt try t break away frm thse habits and deliberately d the “wrng” thing fr a change, and see where yur derring takes yu? If yu are painting,meanwhile,yu culd relax ne f the cnstraints (限制) that yu usually put n yur wrk and see what yu prduce.
At wrst, yu will have refreshed and deepened yur knwledge f the rules yu nrmally apply, s that yu can be even mre effective next time. At best, yu may just find that yu have discvered smething cmpletely new and unexpected, thrugh a flash f inspiratin that yu wuld have missed with perfectinism. Either way, yur apparent missteps will have mved yu a little clser t true mastery.
1．In Paragraph 1, the authr presents ____________.
A．a(chǎn) rutine warning
B．a(chǎn) ppular misbelief
C．a(chǎn) cmmnly-held view
D．a(chǎn) theretical assumptin
2．What can be learnt abut the experiment?
A．Adding intentinal errrs facilitates learning.
B．Crrecting mistakes is the key t learning.
C．Errrs cntribute t cnfusin in learning.
D．Learners make fewer errrs in difficult subjects.
3．Accrding t the authr using the apprach mentined in Paragraph 5 may result in _______.
A．disappinting perfrmances
B．greater creative pwer
C．the discvery f prblems
D．the admissin f weaknesses
4．Which f the fllwing wuld the authr encurage yu t d?
A．Strictly fllw traditinal recipes when cking.
B．Avid making mistakes and be a perfectinist.
C．Occasinally ignre traffic regulatins.
D．Try uncnventinal clring in painting.
5．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．The Challenge f Derring
B．Erring Prevents Failure
C．T Err is Fruitful
D．Errrs: Accidental r Intentinal
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在學(xué)習(xí)中，我們總是害怕犯錯(cuò)，甚至為犯錯(cuò)而感到羞恥、焦慮。但新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，犯錯(cuò)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)并不是洪水猛獸，甚至，故意犯錯(cuò)還能促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Mst peple with gd sense wuld accept that we can and shuld learn frm accidental failures. It wuld be impssible t prgress in anything, after all, withut taking the ccasinal misstep. And by understanding hw we slipped, we can avid falling in the future.(大多數(shù)有理智的人都會(huì)接受我們能夠而且應(yīng)該從偶然的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。畢竟，如果不偶爾犯錯(cuò)，任何事情都不可能取得進(jìn)步。通過(guò)了解我們是如何滑倒的，我們可以避免在未來(lái)摔倒)”可知，第一段作者提出了一個(gè)人們普遍認(rèn)為的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Naturally, yu wuld expect the additin f the errrs t have increased unwanted cnfusin.Yet the exact ppsite was true: the participants wh made deliberate errrs learned abut twice as much as the peple wh simply cpied ut the crrect definitins.(當(dāng)然，你會(huì)認(rèn)為錯(cuò)誤的增加會(huì)增加不必要的混亂。然而事實(shí)恰恰相反：故意犯錯(cuò)誤的參與者學(xué)到的知識(shí)是簡(jiǎn)單抄寫正確定義的人的兩倍)”可知，添加故意錯(cuò)誤有助于學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Such a playful apprach culd fuel their creativity fr cmpsitin, if the student lks fr ways t develp thse wrng ntes int smething mre attractive.( 如果學(xué)生想方設(shè)法把那些錯(cuò)誤的筆記發(fā)展成更有吸引力的東西，這種有趣的方法可以激發(fā)他們作文的創(chuàng)造力)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，使用第5段中提到的方法可能會(huì)激發(fā)學(xué)生產(chǎn)生更大的創(chuàng)造力。故選B。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“But why nt try t break away frm thse habits and deliberately d the “wrng” thing fr a change, and see where yur derring takes yu? If yu are painting, meanwhile, yu culd relax ne f the cnstraints (限制) that yu usually put n yur wrk and see what yu prduce.(但是，為什么不試著打破這些習(xí)慣，為了改變而故意做一些“錯(cuò)誤”的事情，看看你的大膽之舉會(huì)把你帶向何方？如果你正在繪畫(huà)，同時(shí)，你可以放下你通常對(duì)你的作品施加的限制之一，看看你的作品)”可推知，作者可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)你在繪畫(huà)時(shí)嘗試非常規(guī)的色彩。故選D。
5．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Few wuld advcate making intentinal mistakes, hwever. Yet cnsciusly erring (犯錯(cuò)) can prmte deeper understanding and better recall. The phenmenn is knwn as the derring effect — cming frm “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied prperly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas f life.(然而，很少有人會(huì)主張犯故意的錯(cuò)誤。然而，有意識(shí)地犯錯(cuò)可以促進(jìn)更深刻的理解和更好的回憶。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為大膽效應(yīng)——來(lái)自“故意犯錯(cuò)”——如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，它可能會(huì)在生活的許多意想不到的領(lǐng)域帶來(lái)好處)”可知，文章主要介紹了新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，犯錯(cuò)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)并不是洪水猛獸，甚至，故意犯錯(cuò)還能促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“T Err is Fruitful(故意犯錯(cuò)，收獲頗豐)挑戰(zhàn)主動(dòng)犯錯(cuò)”適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題）I lve making art and lking at artwrks. I’ve fund myself wndering hw we gain pleasure frm art. And nw neuraesthetics, a cmbinatin f neurscience (神經(jīng)科學(xué)) and aesthetics (美學(xué)), may prvide an answer.
Neuraesthetics is a relatively yung field f research n what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique t see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we cnsider beautiful. Similar research has been dne t understand the “neurnal firewrks” that ccur when we lk at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc.
But why d we find sme art beautiful and ther art ugly? Accrding t research, it all cmes dwn t the “aesthetic triad (三元組合)”.
The first part f the triad is sensry-mtr. This invlves perceiving things like clurs, shapes and mvements. Mvement in art has an interesting rle. If yu see a painting f a mvement, like f a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dg, yu feel like ging thrugh a similar experience. The part f yur brain that cntrls yur wn mvements lights up in respnse.
Secnd is emtin-valuatin. This is hw a piece f art makes yu feel, and whether r nt yu appreciate r enjy that feeling. The part f the brain related t pleasure is activated in respnse t smething we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as fund by research using transcranial magnetic stimulatin(TMS) (經(jīng)顱磁刺激). If TMS is applied t a specific part f yur brain behind yur frehead that is particularly imprtant fr decisin-making, yu suddenly like different kinds f art. Such stimulatin prduces significant changes in aesthetic appreciatin f faces, bdies and artwrks.
The third part is meaning-knwledge. This is t d with hw we can cnnect with a piece f art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply persnal, because when tw peple see the same artwrk, ur perceptin can create vastly different experiences f meaning. If we find meaning, then we ften find pleasure. We als get enjyment frm the knwledge f hw smething was made. Fr the images that an artist creates, viewers will prbably get far mre enjyment nce they knw the prcess used t create them.
Infrmed by neuraesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the prcess even mre, enjying the activatin f the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created.
6．What des “neurnal firewrks” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．A beautiful painting r sculpture.
B．The lighting-up f specific brain areas.
C．An advanced brain imaging technlgy.
D．The aesthetic assessment f mdern art.
7．What effect des mvement in art prduce n the viewers?
A．Certain part f their brain is activated.
B．Their experience f pain is reduced.
C．Their aesthetic sense is sharpened.
D．Their bdy reactins are delayed.
8．The applicatin f TMS t the brain described in Paragraph 5 leads t__________.
A．raised memry capacity
B．enhanced painting skills
C．changed artistic taste
D．imprved decisin-making ability
9．Accrding t the authr, what increases ur enjyment f a piece f art?
A．Knwing hw it is created.
B．Having a pleasant persnality.
C．Learning hw science develps.
D．Understanding the meaning f life.
10．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A．T prpse an abstract thery f art making.
B．T reveal the beauty f science in an artistic way.
C．T share sme persnal understanding f artwrks.
D．T intrduce a new research field fr art appreciatin.
【答案】6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)美學(xué)這一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，以及它如何解釋我們?yōu)楹螘?huì)從藝術(shù)中獲得愉悅感。
6．詞義猜測(cè)題。劃線短語(yǔ)上文“Neuraesthetics is a relatively yung field f research n what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique t see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we cnsider beautiful.(神經(jīng)美學(xué)是一個(gè)相對(duì)年輕的研究領(lǐng)域，研究的是當(dāng)我們進(jìn)行審美評(píng)估時(shí)大腦會(huì)發(fā)生什么。研究人員使用腦成像技術(shù)來(lái)觀察當(dāng)我們看到我們認(rèn)為美麗的畫(huà)作時(shí)，大腦的哪些區(qū)域會(huì)發(fā)光。)”提出當(dāng)進(jìn)行審美評(píng)估，看到時(shí)美麗的畫(huà)作時(shí)，我們大腦的一些區(qū)域會(huì)“發(fā)光”。劃線詞所在句“Similar research has been dne t understand the “neurnal firewrks” that ccur when we lk at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc.(類似的研究已經(jīng)完成，以了解當(dāng)我們看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等時(shí)發(fā)生的“神經(jīng)元煙花”。)”提出類似研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)诳吹焦奈枞诵牡牡袼?，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生“neurnal firewrks(神經(jīng)元煙花)”。文中將兩種情況進(jìn)行了類比，由此推知，“neurnal firewrks(神經(jīng)元煙花)”與上文中的“大腦的一些區(qū)域會(huì)‘發(fā)光’”是同一個(gè)意思，即指上文中的“The lighting-up f specific brain areas.”。故選B。
7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Mvement in art has an interesting rle. If yu see a painting f a mvement, like f a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dg, yu feel like ging thrugh a similar experience. The part f yur brain that cntrls yur wn mvements lights up in respnse.(運(yùn)動(dòng)在藝術(shù)中起著有趣的作用。如果你看到一幅描繪一個(gè)動(dòng)作的畫(huà)，比如一個(gè)人被狗咬了后把胳膊抽走，你會(huì)覺(jué)得自己也有類似的經(jīng)歷。你大腦中控制你自己動(dòng)作的部分會(huì)相應(yīng)地亮起來(lái)。)”可知，當(dāng)人們看到藝術(shù)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，人們會(huì)覺(jué)得自己也有類似的經(jīng)歷，大腦中控制自己動(dòng)作的部分會(huì)相應(yīng)地亮起來(lái)，也就是該部分被激活了。故選A。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as fund by research using transcranial magnetic stimulatin(TMS)(經(jīng)顱磁刺激). If TMS is applied t a specific part f yur brain behind yur frehead that is particularly imprtant fr decisin-making, yu suddenly like different kinds f art. Such stimulatin prduces significant changes in aesthetic appreciatin f faces, bdies and artwrks.(通過(guò)使用經(jīng)顱磁刺激(TMS)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該系統(tǒng)可以以令人著迷的方式受到影響。如果顱磁刺激應(yīng)用于前額后大腦中對(duì)決策特別重要的特定部位，你就會(huì)突然喜歡上不同種類的藝術(shù)。這種刺激使人們對(duì)面孔、身體和藝術(shù)品的審美發(fā)生了重大變化。)”可推知，顱磁刺激會(huì)使人們的審美發(fā)生變化。故選C。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“We als get enjyment frm the knwledge f hw smething was made. Fr the images that an artist creates, viewers will prbably get far mre enjyment nce they knw the prcess used t create them.(我們也從了解事物的制作過(guò)程中獲得樂(lè)趣。對(duì)于藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的圖像，一旦觀眾了解了創(chuàng)作過(guò)程，他們可能會(huì)獲得更多的樂(lè)趣。)”可知，如果我們知道了創(chuàng)作過(guò)程，我們就會(huì)更加欣賞這件藝術(shù)品。故選A。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了神經(jīng)美學(xué)這一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，以及它如何解釋我們?yōu)楹螘?huì)從藝術(shù)中獲得愉悅感，因此作者的目的是介紹一個(gè)新的研究領(lǐng)域，即神經(jīng)美學(xué)，以幫助人們更好地欣賞藝術(shù)。故選D。
（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Getting the “side-eye” lk frm yur dg can make it seem like they are making a judgement abut yu, and sme new studies suggest they really culd be.
The ability t judge thers’ intentins is an indicatr f pssessing “thery f mind” which was nce thught t be unique t humans. Hwever, new studies have shwn that dgs can read human behaviur and have a preference t peple wh are mre friendly r generus with fd.
One such study published in 2023 aimed t see if dgs can tell the difference between humans wh are “unwilling” r “unable” t give them a treat. 96 dgs were invlved in bth “unwilling” and “unable” scenaris (情境) designed fr the study. Bth scenaris invlved a dg being placed n ne side f a glass screen with small hles in it at nse-height, and an experimenter standing n the ther. In the ‘unwilling’ scenari, the experimenter wuld hang a piece f sausage in frnt f the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戲耍的) manner, and apprach ne f the hles. But instead f passing it thrugh the hle t the dg, they wuld then pull it ut f its reach. Fr the “unable” scenari, the experimenter wuld again mve the treat twards the hle while the dg watched, but “accidentally” drp it befre they culd pass it thrugh.
The researchers bserved that the dgs were much mre patient, making mre eye cntact and staying clser t the screen after the “unable” scenari played ut. In the “unwilling” scenari, hwever, the dgs lked at the experimenter less ften, sat, lay dwn and wandered arund mre frequently.
Anther study frm 2021 tested fr “thery f mind” in dgs in a similar way, but the dgs were able t walk rund the screen t btain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” r “unable” behaviur. The main finding was that the dgs apprached the experimenter significantly sner in the unable scenari than in the unwilling scenari.
Hwever, the researchers f the 2023 study challenged that the fd drpped n the flr in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have mtivated the dgs t apprach the experimenter cnsidering that they prbably ften btain fd drpped n the flr in their daily lives.
Nw, mre evidence has been prvided that dgs distinguish between similar actins assciated with different intentins. But hw exactly they acquire such intentin-reading abilities will be an exciting tpic fr future research.
11．What is ne f the new research findings accrding t Paragraph 2?
A．Dgs als have “thery f mind”.
B．Dgs prefer fd frm generus peple.
C．Human behaviurs are mstly intentinal.
D．Friendly animals can get fd mre easily.
12．What did the experimenter d in the “unwilling” scenari in the 2023 study?
A．They acted awkwardly while feeding the dg.
B．They pretended t walk slwly away frm the dg.
C．They teased the dg by fixing the treat t the screen.
D．They pulled the sausage beynd the dg’s reach.
13．Hw did the dgs f the 2023 study respnd t the “unable” behaviur?
A．By mving clser t the experimenter.
B．By keeping wandering arund.
C．By ignring the experimenter.
D．By lying still n the flr
14．Hw des the experiment design f the 2021 study differ frm that f 2023?
A．The dgs can watch the experimenter.
B．The dgs can g t the ther side f the screen.
C．The dgs’ respnses are under clse bservatin.
D．The dgs’ habitual behaviurs are under analysis.
15．What d the dgs’ different respnses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenaris suggest?
A．Dgs can tell “being friendly” frm “being mean”
B．Dgs’ intelligence is gradually evlving.
C．Dgs’ intentins can be easily identified.
D．Dgs are a lt mre emtinal than ther animals.
【答案】11．A 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是一些新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗可能會(huì)判斷他人的意圖，可以讀懂人類的行為，并且更喜歡那些更友好或?qū)κ澄锔犊娜恕?br>11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The ability t judge thers’ intentins is an indicatr f pssessing “thery f mind” which was nce thught t be unique t humans. Hwever, new studies have shwn that dgs can read human behaviur and have a preference t peple wh are mre friendly r generus with fd.(判斷他人意圖的能力是擁有“心智理論”的一個(gè)指標(biāo)，這一度被認(rèn)為是人類所獨(dú)有的。然而，新的研究表明，狗可以讀懂人類的行為，并且更喜歡那些更友好或?qū)κ澄锔犊娜恕?”可知，判斷他人意圖的能力是擁有“心智理論”的一個(gè)指標(biāo)，而新的研究表明，狗可以讀懂人類的行為，由此可知，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)狗應(yīng)該也有“心智理論”。故選A項(xiàng)。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In the ‘unwilling’ scenari, the experimenter wuld hang a piece f sausage in frnt f the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戲耍的) manner, and apprach ne f the hles. But instead f passing it thrugh the hle t the dg, they wuld then pull it ut f its reach.(在“不情愿”的場(chǎng)景中，實(shí)驗(yàn)人員會(huì)以“戲弄”的方式在屏幕前掛一塊香腸，并接近其中一個(gè)洞。但他們不是把食物從洞里遞給狗，而是把食物拉到狗夠不著的地方。)”可知，在不情愿場(chǎng)景中，實(shí)驗(yàn)人員不是把實(shí)物給狗吃，而是把食物拉到一個(gè)狗夠不著的地方。故選D項(xiàng)。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The researchers bserved that the dgs were much mre patient, making mre eye cntact and staying clser t the screen after the “unable” scenari played ut.(研究人員觀察到，在“無(wú)能為力”的場(chǎng)景結(jié)束后，狗狗們更有耐心了，他們會(huì)進(jìn)行更多的眼神交流，并離屏幕更近。)”可知，在“無(wú)能為力”的場(chǎng)景結(jié)束后，狗會(huì)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)人員進(jìn)行眼神交流，并且離屏幕更近，由此可知，狗對(duì)“無(wú)能為力”的行為回應(yīng)是更愿意接近實(shí)驗(yàn)者。故選A項(xiàng)。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Anther study frm 2021 tested fr “thery f mind” in dgs in a similar way, but the dgs were able t walk rund the screen t btain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” r “unable” behaviur.(2021年的另一項(xiàng)研究以類似的方式測(cè)試了狗的“心智理論”，但狗在目睹了實(shí)驗(yàn)者的“不愿意”或“無(wú)能為力”行為后，能夠繞著屏幕走，以獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。)”可知，2021年的研究中，在狗目睹了實(shí)驗(yàn)者的“不愿意”或者“無(wú)能為力”后，能繞著屏幕走以獲取獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，由此可知，2021年的研究中狗的習(xí)慣行為在分析中。故選D項(xiàng)。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hwever, new studies have shwn that dgs can read human behaviur and have a preference t peple wh are mre friendly r generus with fd.(然而，新的研究表明，狗可以讀懂人類的行為，并且更喜歡那些更友好或?qū)κ澄锔犊娜恕?”可知，新研究表明，都能夠讀懂人類的行為，且喜歡那些更友好或者對(duì)食物更慷慨的人，進(jìn)而在下文中的對(duì)該項(xiàng)研究過(guò)程進(jìn)行闡述，由此可知，狗在“不愿意”和“無(wú)能為力”情況下的不同反應(yīng)說(shuō)明了狗能分辨“友善”和“刻薄”。故選A項(xiàng)。
（2022·天津·高考真題）Is it true that ur brain alne is respnsible fr human cgnitin(認(rèn)知)? What abut ur bdy? Is it pssible fr thught and behavir t riginate frm smewhere ther than ur brain? Psychlgists wh study Embdied Cgnitin(EC) ask similar questins. The EC thery suggests ur bdy is als respnsible fr thinking r prblem-slving. Mre precisely, the mind shapes the bdy and the bdy shapes the mind in equal measure.
If yu think abut it fr a mment, it makes ttal sense. When yu smell smething gd r hear amusing sunds, certain emtins are awakened. Think abut hw newbrns use their senses t understand the wrld arund them. They dn’t have emtins s much as needs—they dn’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need fd. Even unbrn babies can feel their mthers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real wrld，they cry when they’re cld and then get hugged. That way, they start t as-sciate being warm with being lved.
Understandably, therists have been arguing fr years and still disagree n whether the brain is the nerve centre that perates the rest f the bdy. Older Western philsphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC therises that the brain and bdy are wrking tgether as an rganic supercmputer, prcessing everything and frming yur reactins.
Further studies have backed up the mind-bdy interactin. In ne experiment, test subjects(實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象) were asked t judge peple after being handed a ht r a cld drink. They all made warm evaluatins when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than clness. And it wrks the ther way t; in anther study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in r “rejected” frm a grup task. Thse wh were included felt physically warmer.
Fr further prf, we can lk at the metaphrs(比喻說(shuō)法) that we use withut even thinking. A kind and sympathetic persn is frequently referred t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck. And this kind f metaphrical use is cmmn acrss languages.
Nw that yu have the knwledge f mind-bdy interactin, why nt use it? If yu’re having a bad day,a warm cup f tea will give yu a flash f pleasure. If yu knw yu’re physically cld, warm up befre making any interpersnal decisins.
16．Accrding t the authr, the significance f the EC thery lies in ________.
A．facilitating ur understanding f the rigin f psychlgy
B．revealing the majr rle f the mind in human cgnitin
C．ffering a clearer picture f the shape f human brain
D．bringing us clser t the truth in human cgnitin
17．Where des the new brns’ understanding f their surrundings start frm?
A．Their persnal lks.
B．Their mental needs.
C．Their inner emtins.
D．Their physical feelings.
18．The experiments mentined in Paragraph 4 further prve________.
A．envirnment impacts hw we judge thers
B．hw bdy temperature is related t health
C．the mind and the bdy influence each ther
D．hw humans interact with their surrundings
19．What des the authr intend t prve by citing the metaphrs in Paragraph 5?
A．Human speech is alive with metaphrs.
B．Human senses have effects n thinking.
C．Human language is shaped by visual images.
D．Human emtins are ften cmpared t natural materials.
20．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the last paragraph?
A．T share with the reader ways t release their emtins.
B．T guide the reader nt the path t career success.
C．T encurage the reader t put EC int practice.
D．T deepen the reader’s understanding f EC．
【答案】16．D 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了心理學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)EC理論表明，我們不是只有大腦負(fù)責(zé)人類的認(rèn)知，我們的身體也負(fù)責(zé)思考或者解決問(wèn)題。更準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)思想塑造身體，身體同等程度地塑造思想。
16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The EC thery suggests ur bdy is als respnsible fr thinking r prblem-slving. Mre precisely, the mind shapes the bdy and the bdy shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC 理論表明，我們的身體也負(fù)責(zé)思考或解決問(wèn)題。更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，思維塑造身體，身體同等程度地塑造思維。)”可知，EC理論認(rèn)為我們身體就像大腦一樣塑造我們的認(rèn)知，因此推斷EC理論的意義在于讓我們更接近人類認(rèn)知的真理。故選D項(xiàng)。
17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“They dn’t have emtins s much as needs—they dn’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need fd. Even unbrn babies can feel their mthers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real wrld，they cry when they’re cld and then get hugged. That way, they start t as-sciate being warm with being lved.(他們沒(méi)有如同需要那么多的情感——他們不會(huì)感到悲傷，他們只是餓，需要食物。即使是未出生的嬰兒也能感覺(jué)到母親的心跳，這具有鎮(zhèn)靜作用。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，他們冷了就哭，然后被擁抱。這樣，他們開(kāi)始將溫暖與被愛(ài)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。)”可知，新生兒對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的理解依靠的是身體感覺(jué)。故選D項(xiàng)。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段首句“Further studies have backed up the mind-bdy interactin.(進(jìn)一步的研究支持了思想與身體的相互作用。)”接下來(lái)列舉了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)“In ne experiment, test subjects(實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象) were asked t judge peple after being handed a ht r a cld drink. They all made warm evaluatins when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than clness. (在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，測(cè)試對(duì)象被要求在遞給熱飲或冷飲后判斷人。當(dāng)他們的指尖感知到溫暖而不是涼爽時(shí)，他們都做出了溫暖的評(píng)價(jià)。)”表明，身體會(huì)影響到思想，以及“And it wrks the ther way t;in anther study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in r “rejected” frm a grup task. Thse wh were included felt physically warmer.(相反，也是如此；在另一項(xiàng)研究中，受試者的指尖溫度是在被“納入”或“拒絕”小組任務(wù)后測(cè)量的。那些被納入在內(nèi)的人感到身體溫暖。)”表明身體會(huì)受到思想的影響，因此推斷實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步證明了身體與思想間的相互作用。故選C項(xiàng)。
19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的主題句“Fr further prf, we can lk at the metaphrs(比喻說(shuō)法) that we use withut even thinking.(為了進(jìn)一步證明，我們可以看看我們不假思索就使用的比喻說(shuō)法）。)”以及下文的陳述“A kind and sympathetic persn is frequently referred t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck.(一個(gè)善良和富有同情心的人經(jīng)常被稱為心軟的人，而在困難的情況下非常堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和冷靜的人通常被描述為堅(jiān)如磐石。)”說(shuō)明人們使用身體觸感比喻人可推斷，作者通過(guò)陳述比喻手法是為了進(jìn)一步證明我們?nèi)祟惖母杏X(jué)對(duì)思維有影響。故選B項(xiàng)。
20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nw that yu have the knwledge f mind-bdy interactin, why nt use it?(既然您已經(jīng)掌握了身心互動(dòng)的知識(shí)，為什么不使用它呢？)”以及下文中列舉的兩種現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的情況“If yu’re having a bad day, a warm cup f tea will give yu a flash f pleasure. If yu knw yu’re physically cld, warm up befre making any interpersnal decisins.(如果你今天過(guò)得很糟糕，一杯溫暖的茶會(huì)給你帶來(lái)一瞬間的快樂(lè)。如果你知道自己身體很冷，在做出任何人際關(guān)系決定之前先熱身。)”可知，理論知識(shí)已經(jīng)知道，且在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中有一定的運(yùn)用價(jià)值，所以作者最后一段是在鼓勵(lì)讀者把EC理論運(yùn)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2021·天津·高考真題）Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind t be bth functinal and beautiful. Why, then, is art still s widely cnsidered t be "the easy subject" at schl, insignificant t wider sciety, a waste f time and effrt?
Art can cnnect culture with cmmercial prducts in a way that nt many ther things can; art generates mney and hlds significant emtinal and cultural value within cmmunities. When peple attend a cncert, they are paying fr music, sure, maybe even htel rms, meals, and transprt, but they als gain an incredible experience, a unique atmsphere and a memry that will g thrugh the rest f their lives. Peple dn't just want material things anymre, they want t experience life一the arts are a perfect crssver（交迭）between culture and cmmerce.
Furthermre, the arts can bring cmmunities tgether, reducing lneliness and making peple feel safer. Scial bnds are created amng individuals when they share their arts experiences thrugh reflectin and discussin, and their expressin f cmmn values thrugh artwrks in hnur f events significant t a natin's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty psitive impact n physical and psychlgical health. It is fund that peple wh frequent cultural places r participate in artistic events are mre likely t gain gd health cmpared t thse wh d nt; mre engagement with the arts is linked t a higher level f peple's wellbeing. The Ryal Sciety f Public Health discvered that music and art, when used in hspitals, help t imprve the cnditins f patients by reducing stress, anxiety and bld pressure.
Children wh are invlved with the arts make greater achievements in their educatin: thse engaged with drama have greater literary ability while thers taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference fr the arts have a greater chance f finding emplyment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential fr child develpment; encuraging children t express themselves in cnstructive ways culd help t frm healthy emtinal respnses in later life.
Vital t human life, art is celebrated and used by natins acrss the wrld fr varius purpses. Life withut art wuld be bring and dead still, fr art is a part f what makes us human.
21．Art prducts differ frm mst ther cmmercial prducts because .
A．mst peple purchase them fr cllectin
B．they are mre expensive and less accessible
C．they have bth cmmercial and cultural values
D．their prices may climb up as time passes
22．By sharing their arts experiences, cmmunity members can .
A．keep the cmmunity safe frm illnesses
B．develp a strnger tie between them
C．learn t appreciate their wn wrks f art
D．ffer hnurable slutins t their prblems
23．What can we learn abut peple wh are invlved in artistic activities?
A．They enjy better living cnditins.
B．They like t cmpare themselves with thers.
C．They are particularly gd at bth music and art.
D．They tend t be healthier physically and mentally.
24．Hw des kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
A．It prmtes their academic perfrmance and emtinal grwth.
B．It gives them mre cnfidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C．It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D．It helps t make respnsible peple ut f them.
25．What is the best title fr this passage?
A．Hw Art Cures Our Hearts
B．Art: A Blessing t Humankind
C．Hw Art Benefits Cmmunities
D．Art: A Bridge Between Cultures
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．B
【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述了藝術(shù)這一活動(dòng)對(duì)人類的重要意義，是我們不可或缺的社會(huì)生活之一。從賦予商品的商業(yè)價(jià)值，人類的身心健康和青少年的學(xué)術(shù)和情感發(fā)展等方面論述了藝術(shù)的重要意義。
21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind t be bth functinal and beautiful.”（任何公共空間都是由藝術(shù)家精心設(shè)計(jì)的，既實(shí)用又美觀。）以及“Art can cnnect culture with cmmercial prducts in a way that nt many ther things can”（藝術(shù)可以將文化與商業(yè)產(chǎn)品聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這是其他很多東西都做不到的。）可以看出，可見(jiàn)藝術(shù)參與的作品兼具文化價(jià)值和商業(yè)價(jià)值。故選擇C。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Scial bnds are created amng individuals when they share their arts experiences thrugh reflectin and discussin,, and their expressin f cmmn values thrugh artwrks in hnr f events significant t a natin's experience.”（當(dāng)個(gè)人通過(guò)反思和討論分享他們的藝術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并通過(guò)藝術(shù)作品表達(dá)共同的價(jià)值觀，以紀(jì)念對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)有重要意義的事件時(shí)，社會(huì)紐帶就在他們之間建立起來(lái)。），可見(jiàn)通過(guò)分享經(jīng)歷，可以建立一種特殊的聯(lián)系和紐帶。故選擇B。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“It is fund that peple wh frequent cultural places r participate in artistic events are mre likely t gain gd health cmpared t thse wh d nt”（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常出入文化場(chǎng)所或參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人比不經(jīng)常出入文化場(chǎng)所或參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人更容易獲得健康;），可見(jiàn)參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人們?cè)谏硇纳隙枷鄬?duì)更加健康。故選擇D。
24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Children wh are invlved with the arts make greater achievements in their educatin”（參與藝術(shù)的孩子在他們的教育中取得更大的成就）以及“encuraging children t express themselves in cnstructive ways culd help t frm healthy emtinal respnses in later life.”（有助于在以后的生活中形成健康的情感反應(yīng)。）可見(jiàn)藝術(shù)活動(dòng)促進(jìn)了孩子們的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)和情感成長(zhǎng)。故選擇A。
25．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Vital t human life, art is celebrated and used by natins acrss the wrld fr varius purpses. Life withut art wuld be bring and dead still, fr art is a part f what makes us human.”（藝術(shù)對(duì)人類的生命至關(guān)重要，世界各國(guó)為各種目的慶祝和使用藝術(shù)。沒(méi)有藝術(shù)的生活將是無(wú)聊和死氣沉沉的，因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)是我們?nèi)祟惖囊徊糠?。）可?jiàn)藝術(shù)是人類重要的部分，文章中也詳細(xì)描述了藝術(shù)對(duì)不同人群的好處。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“藝術(shù):人類的福祉”。故選擇B。
（2021·天津·高考真題）In the fictinal wrlds f film and TV, artificial intelligence （AI） has been described as s advanced that it is indistinguishable frm humans. But what if we're actually getting clser t a wrld where Al is capable f thinking and feeling?
Tech cmpany UneeQ is heading fr its "digital humans", which appear life like n the screen nt nly in terms f language, but als because f facial mvements: raised eyebrws, a smile, even a nd. They lk clse t a human, but nt quite.
What lies beneath UneeQ9 s digital humans? Their 3D faces are mdeled n actual human features. Speech recgnitin enables them t understand what a persn is saying, and natural language prcessing is used t wrk ut a respnse. Meanwhile, anther Al cmpany, Sul Machines, is taking a mre bilgical apprach, with a "digital brain", that imitates aspects f the human brain t adjust the emtins "felt" and "expressed" by its "digital peple".
Shiwali Mhan, an Al scientist at the Pal Research Center, is skeptical f these digital beings. "They're humanlike in their lks and the way they sund, but that in itself is nt being human," she says. "Human qualities als invlve hw yu think, hw yu apprach prblems, and hw yu break them dwn; and that takes a lt f algrithmic (算法)design. Designing fr human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that behave like humans." She then cntinues, “If smething lks like a human, we have high expectatins f them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直覺(jué)地)knw hw ther humans react.
Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adptin f its digital emplyees acrss the financial, health care, and cmmercial sectrs （行業(yè)）. "Unless these sectrs make their business mdels much mre efficient digitally, they might be left behind," says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9s CEO.
Sme ther cmpanies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling rganizatins and individuals t create digital humans themselves using free-access platfrms they prvide. "The biggest mtivatin fr such platfrms is t ppularize Al," Dube says.
Mhan is cautius abut this apprach, yet she supprts the purpse behind these digital beings and is ptimistic abut where they are headed. "As we develp mre advanced Al technlgy, we wuld then have t use new ways f cmmunicating with that technlgy,she says. "'Hpefully, all f that is designed t supprt humans in their gals."
26．Accrding t Para. 2, in what respect（s） d UneeQ9s "digital humans" resemble human beings?
A．In the way they mve arund.
B．In the way they act and react.
C．In bservatin and analysis.
D．In speech and facial expressins.
27．Sul Machines’digital brain is a technlgical breakthrugh because it .
A．leams t make prper emtinal respnses
B．tends t imitate human beings' tne vividly
C．recgnizes the speech sunds it receives
D．prcesses the natural language it hears
28．In Mhan's pinin, what human quality is lacking in digital beings?
A．Calculating brain.
B．Language skills.
C．Instinctive judgements.
D．Prblem-slving ability.
29．What makes many sectrs emply digital humans?
A．The fear f falling behind in efficiency.
B．The urgency t prmte e-cmmerce.
C．The wish t spread digital technlgy.
D．The need t upgrade the health care system.
30．What des Mhan think f the future f digital beings?
A．It's well planned.
B．It is prmising.
C．It is uncertain.
D．It's quite hpeless.
【答案】26．D 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B
【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹許多科技公司正在推進(jìn)、研發(fā)“數(shù)字人類”，并被很多部門使用。但一些科學(xué)家對(duì)此表示懷疑，并指出了“數(shù)字人類”并不是真正的人類，有很多缺陷。但前景還是很有希望的。
26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tech cmpany UneeQ is heading fr its "digital humans", which appear life like n the screen nt nly in terms f language, but als because f facial mvements: raised eyebrws, a smile, even a nd.”（科技公司UneeQ正在研發(fā)一種“數(shù)字人”，這種人在屏幕上看起來(lái)栩栩如生，不僅因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言，還因?yàn)槊娌縿?dòng)作:眉毛揚(yáng)起、微笑，甚至點(diǎn)頭。）由此可知，根據(jù)第2段，UneeQ9s的“數(shù)字人”在言語(yǔ)和面部表情上方面與人類相似。故選D項(xiàng)。
27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Meanwhile, anther Al cmpany, Sul Machines, is taking a mre bilgical apprach, with a "digital brain", that imitates aspects f the human brain t adjust the emtins "fblt" and "expressed" by its “digital peple”.”（與此同時(shí)，另一家Al公司，靈魂機(jī)器公司，正在采取一種更具生物性的方法，擁有一個(gè)“數(shù)字大腦”，它模仿人腦的各個(gè)方面來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)其“數(shù)字人”的“fblt”和“表達(dá)”的情緒。）由此可知，靈魂機(jī)器的數(shù)字大腦是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)突破，因?yàn)樗鼉A向于做出適當(dāng)?shù)那榫w反應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。
28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“"They're humanlike in their lks and the way they sund, but that in itself is nt being human," she says. "Human qualities als invlve hw yu think, hw yu apprach prblems, and hw yu break them dwn; and that takes a lt f algrithmic (算法)design, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直覺(jué)地)knw hw ther humans react.”（“他們的外表和聲音都像人類，但這本身不是人類，”她說(shuō)?！叭祟惖钠焚|(zhì)還包括你如何思考、如何處理問(wèn)題以及如何分解問(wèn)題；這需要大量的算法設(shè)計(jì)。但他們的行為方式可能不同，人類只是本能地知道其他人的反應(yīng)。”）由此判斷出，在Mhan看來(lái)，數(shù)字人缺少本能的判斷。故選C項(xiàng)。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adptin f its digital emplyees acrss the financial, health care, and cmmercial sectrs （行業(yè)）.Unless these sectrs make their business mdels much mre efficient digitally, they might be left behind”（但需求依然存在，UneeQ的數(shù)字員工在金融、醫(yī)療和商業(yè)行業(yè)的使用率很高。除非這些行業(yè)將它們的商業(yè)模式數(shù)字化得更高效，否則它們可能會(huì)被甩在后面）由此可知，害怕效率落后讓許多行業(yè)使用“數(shù)字人類”。故選A項(xiàng)。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Mhan is cautius abut this apprach, yet she supprts the purpse behind these digital beings and is ptimistic abut where they are headed.”（ Mhan對(duì)這種方法持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，但她支持這些數(shù)字生物背后的目的，并對(duì)他們的未來(lái)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度）由此判斷出，Mhan數(shù)字人的未來(lái)是有希望的。故選B項(xiàng)。
【最新模擬】
（2024·天津河?xùn)|·一模）D yu feel stressed? Research n the mental health cnditin f senir high schl students frm China, US, Suth Krea and Japan has recently been released. The research was carried ut jintly by China Yuth and Children Research Center, Natinal Institutin fr Yuth Educatin f Japan and Natinal Yuth Plicy Institute f Krea.
The results shwed that senir high students are at the lwest pint f mental health level amng all adlescent (青春期的) stages. Cmpared t students frm the US, Suth Krea and Japan, Chinese students shw a lw level f emtinal health, self evaluatin and interpersnal supprt. Life habits (sleep, phne dependence, etc), stress and scial supprt (parental, peer and teacher supprt) are imprtant factrs affecting the mental health f senir high students in China.
Hwever, the cnfidence level f Chinese high schl students is the highest amng thse f all fur cuntries. Fr example, when it cmes t statements like “I believe I can reach my gals”, ver 80 percent f Chinese students chse “agree”. In spite f this, sme Chinese students lack a sense f self-wrth and willpwer, leading t difficulties in frming their identity in the prcess f becming adults.
Chen Yue, a mental cunselr frm a freign languages schl in Beijing, said that he has seen behavir in class that reflects the research results. “The reasns behind that can be linked t parents wh may take t much cntrl in junir high perid and nw feel kind f lst in their children’s transitinal stage t adulthd,” Chen said. “Als, students tend t attach greater imprtance t interpersnal relatinships in senir high and even link it t their self-evaluatin.”
Chen als pinted ut that students’ relatinship with phnes is delicate. “Many teachers and parents simply ban students frm using phnes withut realizing that phnes are mre than a tl f entertainment, but rather a territry f persnal space and cnnectin t the scial wrld,” said Chen, “therefre, an apprpriate amunt f freedm is crucial.”
Meanwhile, sme students have their wn way t deal with interpersnal relatinships. Chen Yeliang, a 17-year-ld senir high student, said that if she desn’t get alng with smene. she wuldn’t attribute (歸因于) it t herself. “It just means that we are frm different wrlds and the time spent n each ther is nt wrth it,” she said.
26．What did the research find abut Chinese senir high students?
A．They are the mst cnfident.
B．They have the mst scial supprt.
C．They have the mst mental prblems.
D．They have the highest level f self-evaluatin.
27．Hw did researchers carry ut the study?
A．By cmparing respndents’ backgrunds.
B．By ding interviews and mental tests.
C．By cnducting a questinnaire.
D．By studying the findings f previus research.
28．What is a reasn behind Chinese students’ behavir in class accrding t Chen?
A．They value friends ver parents.B．They want t behave like adults.
C．They desire their parents’ attentin.D．They fcus mre n relatinships.
29．What will Chen Yeliang d if she desn’t get alng with thers?
A．Just let it be.B．Reflect n herself.
C．Cmmunicate penly.D．Spend mre time tgether.
30．What might be the authr’s purpse in writing this passage?
A．T shw the reasn fr feeling stressed.
B．T get the yung peple knw the result f feeling stressed.
C．T find ut hw senir high schl students get alng with thers.
D．T shw the research n the mental health cnditin f senir high schl students.
【答案】26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)介紹關(guān)于中、美、韓、日四國(guó)高中生心理健康狀況的研究結(jié)果，詳細(xì)闡述了中國(guó)高中生的心理健康狀況及其影響因素，以及專家對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法和建議。
26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Hwever, the cnfidence level f Chinese high schl students is the highest amng thse f all fur cuntries.(然而，中國(guó)高中生的自信水平在四個(gè)國(guó)家中是最高的)”可知，中國(guó)高中生是最自信的。故選A項(xiàng)。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Fr example, when it cmes t statements like “I believe I can reach my gals”, ver 80 percent f Chinese students chse “agree”.(例如，當(dāng)談到“我相信我能達(dá)到我的目標(biāo)”時(shí)，超過(guò)80%的中國(guó)學(xué)生選擇了“同意”)”可推知，研究人員是通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查來(lái)進(jìn)行研究的。故選C項(xiàng)。
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Chen Yue, a mental cunselr frm a freign languages schl in Beijing, said that he has seen behavir in class that reflects the research results. “The reasns behind that can be linked t parents wh may take t much cntrl in junir high perid and nw feel kind f lst in their children’s transitinal stage t adulthd,” Chen said. “Als, students tend t attach greater imprtance t interpersnal relatinships in senir high and even link it t their self-evaluatin.”(來(lái)自北京一所外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校的心理咨詢師Chen Yue表示，他已經(jīng)看到學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上的行為反映了研究結(jié)果。陳說(shuō)：“這背后的原因可能與父母在初中時(shí)期控制得太多有關(guān)，現(xiàn)在在孩子向成年的過(guò)渡階段感到有點(diǎn)迷失。此外，高中生往往更加重視人際關(guān)系，甚至將其與自我評(píng)價(jià)聯(lián)系起來(lái)?！?”可知，Chen Yue認(rèn)為，中國(guó)學(xué)生在課堂上的行為背后的原因是他們更注重人際關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Chen Yeliang, a 17-year-ld senir high student, said that if she desn’t get alng with smene. she wuldn’t attribute (歸因于) it t herself. “It just means that we are frm different wrlds and the time spent n each ther is nt wrth it,” she said.(17歲的高中生Chen Yeliang表示，如果她和別人相處不好。她不會(huì)把這歸咎于自己。她說(shuō)：“這只是意味著我們來(lái)自不同的世界，花在彼此身上的時(shí)間不值得?！?”可知，如果Chen Yeliang和別人相處不好，她只是認(rèn)為他們來(lái)自不同的世界，而不會(huì)歸咎于自己，所以是隨它去吧。故選A項(xiàng)。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“D yu feel stressed? Research n the mental health cnditin f senir high schl students frm China, US, Suth Krea and Japan has recently been released. The research was carried ut jintly by China Yuth and Children Research Center, Natinal Institutin fr Yuth Educatin f Japan and Natinal Yuth Plicy Institute f Krea.(你感到壓力大嗎？最近，來(lái)自中國(guó)、美國(guó)、韓國(guó)和日本的高中生心理健康狀況研究報(bào)告發(fā)布。這項(xiàng)研究是由中國(guó)青少年研究中心、日本國(guó)立青少年教育研究所和韓國(guó)國(guó)立青少年政策研究所聯(lián)合進(jìn)行的)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要展示對(duì)高中生心理健康狀況的調(diào)查。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2024·天津河西·一模）Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives. And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shun technlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips (微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm the science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical (神經(jīng)病學(xué)的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like -Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever, it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns, nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert (靜止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them. Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely. theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away frm us.
36．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．A summary f the article.B．An intrductin t the main tpic.
C．An verview f the whle article.D．An argument ver the main tpic.
37．What des the underlined wrd “implanted” mean in paragraph 2?
A．T put smething int smene’s bdy by an peratin.
B．T design smething new ver a perid f time.
C．T prevent smething frm changing rapidly.
D．T get rid f smething steadily.
38．What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A．The prcess f human-cmputer interactin.
B．The pssible treatment fr particular diseases.
C．The future f micrchips and devices alike.
D．The existing applicatin f micrchip implants.
39．Hw may mst Americans react t implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A．They may reject it.B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust t it.D．They may feel curius abut it,
40．Which wrd can best describe the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface implants?
A．Imaginary.B．Practical.
C．Unfulfilled.D．Impssible.
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．D 39．A 40．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在我們的世界里，幾乎很難避開(kāi)科技。我們的手表、汽車、電燈開(kāi)關(guān)，甚至我們的寵物里都有計(jì)算機(jī)微芯片。文章主要探討了將微芯片植入人類大腦的可能性。
36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“There are cmputer micrchips (微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets!(我們的手表、汽車、電燈開(kāi)關(guān)、甚至我們的寵物里都有計(jì)算機(jī)微芯片！)”可知，第一段提到電腦芯片在人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪幸呀?jīng)是普遍存在，從這些事實(shí)引發(fā)思考：“Where will it end?(它將在哪里結(jié)束？)”，從而引出本文的話題：將微芯片植入人類大腦的可能性。故選B。
37．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“micrchips(微芯片)”，“int ur brains(進(jìn)入我們的大腦)”和“Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.(由于能夠通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程發(fā)送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相關(guān)設(shè)備早就被植入大腦。)”可知，微芯片是被植入大腦，劃線詞implanted的意思是 “植入”，和A選項(xiàng)“T put smething int smene’s bdy by an peratin(通過(guò)手術(shù)把某物放入某人體內(nèi))”意思相近，故選A。
38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.(由于能夠通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程發(fā)送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相關(guān)設(shè)備早就被植入大腦。)”和第三段“Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical (神經(jīng)病學(xué)的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like -Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.(例如，電極被植入癲癇患者的大腦中，以更好地記錄甚至預(yù)測(cè)異常的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)。同樣，通過(guò)植入設(shè)備引起大腦關(guān)鍵區(qū)域活動(dòng)的腦深部刺激，是治療帕金森病等疾病的既定治療方法，甚至正在研究治療抑郁癥等疾病。)”可推知，作者想通過(guò)例子說(shuō)明微芯片植入的現(xiàn)有應(yīng)用。故選D。
39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.(在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，讓陌生人在你的大腦中植入芯片的可能性很可能被證明是沒(méi)有吸引力的，尤其是對(duì)一個(gè)數(shù)百萬(wàn)人對(duì)疫苗中虛構(gòu)的微芯片感到憤怒，甚至更多人害怕牙醫(yī)的人群來(lái)說(shuō)。)”可知，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人可能會(huì)拒絕對(duì)在大腦中植入芯片。故選A。
40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away frm us.(最終，計(jì)算機(jī)-大腦接口植入技術(shù)離我們還很遙遠(yuǎn)。)”可推知，計(jì)算機(jī)與大腦接口植入技術(shù)還未實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選C。
（2024·天津紅橋·一模）If smene created a flying machine able t track yu dwn by listening fr yur vice, yu might be terrified. But what if yu were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first respnders culdn’t lcate yu? Maybe then a human-seeking drne (無(wú)人機(jī)) wuldn’t be such a terrible idea. That cncept is the fcus fr engineers at Germany’s Fraunhfer FKIE Institute, wh’ve built a drne t find peple by detecting human screams.
“The human seeking drne wuld be ideal fr pst-disaster situatins, such as earth-quakes, hurricanes and wildfires,” said Macarena Varela, ne f the lead engineers. “They culd hver (盤旋) ver an area that rescue crews have difficulty getting t and lcate exactly where peple may be trapped.”
Lcating peple by sund presents its share f challenges. An auditry (聽(tīng)覺(jué)的) system wuld need t tell human cries frm sunds that ften happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind. It might als need t recgnize patterns assciated with kicking, clapping r ther ways peple try t get the attentin f rescue teams.
Engineers tk thse situatins int accunt when building ut their cncept drne. They recrded themselves screaming, tapping and creating ther nises they might be a sign f peple in truble. Then, they analyzed each sund frequency t find cmmn signatures and used thse t train artificial intelligence sftware. They als wrked t remve the nise created by the drne and ther envirnmental sunds.
Once the sftware part was cmpleted, the team placed tiny digital micrphnes under the drne and used signal prcessing techniques that enabled them t track where human nises are cming frm. The micrphnes als enhanced the vlume and clearness f the speech. S far, they have cnducted successful pen field experiments, finding that the drne can estimate a victim’s lcatin within a few secnds f picking up sund.
Next, they wuld like t add a higher frequency micrphne t a drne t acquire mre audi sund signals. The idea is t pick up nises frm hundreds f meters away, Varela said. In the real wrld, victim’s lcatin date might ne day be sent wirelessly t emergeney crews carrying a tablet.
46．What is the advantage f the human-seeking drne?
A．Its high speed f flying.B．Its lng wrking hurs.
C．Its quick respnse t screams.D．Its easy access t disaster scene.
47．What can the auditry system d?
A．Recgnize human cries.
B．Pick up sunds frm far away.
C．Send victim’s lcatin data t a tablet.
D．Imprve the quality f human screams.
48．What des the underlined wrd “signatures” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Effects.B．Features.C．Symbls.D．Situatins.
49．Up t nw, engineers have successfully ________.
A．develped higher frequency micrphnes fr use n drnes
B．rescued disaster victims by using drnes t recgnize human cries.
C．cached artificial intelligence sftware t distinguish human and natural sunds
D．cmpleted utdr experiments using drnes t quickly lcate disaster victims
50．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．AI Enables Drnes t Give Better Perfrmance
B．Human-seeking Drnes Replace Rescue Crews
C．Engineers Teach Drnes t Hunt Human Screams
D．Rescuers Use Drnes t Lcate Disaster Survivrs
【答案】46．C 47．A 48．B 49．D 50．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一款無(wú)人機(jī)，該無(wú)人機(jī)能夠通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)聲音而追蹤這個(gè)人，文章介紹了其工作原理、研發(fā)背景和所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，包括其設(shè)計(jì)目的等。
46．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“S far, they have cnducted successful pen field experiments, finding that the drne can estimate a victim’s lcatin within a few secnds f picking up sund.(到目前為止，他們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了成功的野外實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)人機(jī)可以在接收到聲音的幾秒鐘內(nèi)估計(jì)出受害者的位置。)”可知，這種無(wú)人機(jī)能夠在幾秒內(nèi)捉到聲音并估計(jì)受害者的位置。這說(shuō)明它能夠迅速響應(yīng)人的尖叫聲，因此其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于對(duì)尖叫聲的快速響應(yīng)。故選C。
47．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“An auditry (聽(tīng)覺(jué)的) system wuld need t tell human cries frm sunds that ften happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind.(聽(tīng)覺(jué)系統(tǒng)需要將人類的叫聲與自然中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的聲音區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，比如動(dòng)物的叫聲和風(fēng)的聲音。)”可知，聽(tīng)覺(jué)系統(tǒng)能夠識(shí)別人類的叫聲。故選A。
48．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Then, they analyzed each sund frequency t find cmmn signatures and used thse t train artificial intelligence sftware. (然后，他們分析每個(gè)聲音頻率以找到共同的signatures，并將其用于訓(xùn)練人工智能軟件)”可推測(cè)，應(yīng)該是尋找共同特征將其用到訓(xùn)練人工智能軟件上，劃線單詞的意思和“特征、特點(diǎn)”接近。選項(xiàng)A“Effects (效果)”；選項(xiàng)B“Features (特征)”；選項(xiàng)C“Symbls (符號(hào))”；選項(xiàng)D“Situatins (情況)”。故選B。
49．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“S far, they have cnducted successful pen field experiments, finding that the drne can estimate a victim’s lcatin within a few secnds f picking up sund.(到目前為止，他們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了成功的野外實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)人機(jī)可以在接收到聲音的幾秒鐘內(nèi)估計(jì)出受害者的位置。)”可知，到目前為止，工程師們已經(jīng)成功利用無(wú)人機(jī)完成戶外實(shí)驗(yàn)，快速定位災(zāi)民。故選D。
50．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“If smene created a flying machine able t track yu dwn by listening fr yur vice, yu might be terrified. But what if yu were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first respnders culdn’t lcate yu? Maybe then a human-seeking drne(無(wú)人機(jī)) wuldn’t be such a terrible idea. That cncept is the fcus fr engineers at Germany’s Fraunhfer FKIE Institute, wh’ve built a drne t find peple by detecting human screams.(如果有人發(fā)明了一種飛行器，可以通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)你的聲音來(lái)追蹤你，你可能會(huì)感到害怕。但如果你在自然災(zāi)害后被困在廢墟中，急救人員無(wú)法找到你呢？也許到那時(shí)，尋找人類的無(wú)人機(jī)就不會(huì)是一個(gè)糟糕的主意了。這個(gè)概念是德國(guó)Fraunhfer FKIE研究所的工程師們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，他們制造了一架無(wú)人機(jī)，通過(guò)探測(cè)人類的尖叫聲來(lái)尋找人。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了德國(guó)Fraunhfer FKIE研究所的工程師們制造了一架無(wú)人機(jī)，通過(guò)探測(cè)人類的尖叫聲來(lái)尋找人，C“工程師教無(wú)人機(jī)捕捉人類尖叫聲”。故選C。

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