中考總復(fù)習(xí)一般分為三輪：
1、第一輪復(fù)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的單元、章節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)。通過(guò)第一輪的復(fù)習(xí)，使學(xué)生系統(tǒng)掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和穩(wěn)定的知識(shí)框架。
2、第二輪復(fù)習(xí)打破章節(jié)界限實(shí)行大單元、小綜合、專題式復(fù)習(xí)。第二輪復(fù)習(xí)絕不是第一輪復(fù)習(xí)的壓縮文檔，而是一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合、鞏固、完善、提高的過(guò)程。復(fù)習(xí)的主要任務(wù)及目標(biāo)是：完成各部分知識(shí)的條 理，歸納，糅合，使各部分知識(shí)成為一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。
3、第三輪復(fù)習(xí)是知識(shí)、能力深化鞏固的階段。復(fù)習(xí)資料的組織以中考題及模擬題為主，回扣教材，查缺補(bǔ)漏，進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練。同時(shí)，要教給學(xué)生一些必備的應(yīng)試技巧和方法，使學(xué)生有足夠的自信從容地面對(duì)中考。
?第04講 閱讀理解之記敘文（講義）
【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.熟練語(yǔ)篇類型和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)
2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問(wèn)方式
3.掌握不同題型的解題方法
【考情分析】
閱讀理解記敘文命題規(guī)律
人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語(yǔ)的常考材料之一。這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。
1、人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞?shì)W事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長(zhǎng)和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。
2、短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后果的推測(cè)等方面著手，考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。
【名師解難】
中考閱讀理解體裁紛繁多樣，但每套試卷通常包含一到兩篇記敘文。記敘文是中考必考題型，在所有的閱讀體裁中，記敘文的難度相對(duì)是比較低的。如果掌握了閱讀的技巧，多多實(shí)踐，閱讀能力就有可能大大提高。要熟練掌握記敘文的閱讀技巧，了解記敘文的寫作特點(diǎn)與命題特點(diǎn)也是有必要的。
1、記敘文寫作特點(diǎn)
記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來(lái)，描繪事物和人物情景狀態(tài)、過(guò)程及發(fā)展的文體。消息、通訊、傳記、游記、小說(shuō)、童話、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體，都屬于記敘文的范疇。
就寫作順序而言，記敘文要么是按時(shí)間順序，要么是按事件的重要性的順序來(lái)展開(kāi)。不管是哪種敘述方法，最后經(jīng)常會(huì)有一兩句話抒發(fā)作者的情緒與感悟，這是記敘文的精華所在，也是閱讀的難點(diǎn)所在，可謂“一篇之妙，在于落句”。
2、記敘文命題特點(diǎn)
從命題形式上看，常見(jiàn)的有細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義猜測(cè)、主旨大意、推理判斷、作者意圖等題型。除了推論或詞義辨識(shí)題，記敘文命題的順序一般都會(huì)按照文章的脈絡(luò)和故事發(fā)展的順序?qū)訉油七M(jìn)，否則就會(huì)覺(jué)得別扭，邏輯不通。同時(shí)，記敘文需要事件的發(fā)展過(guò)程作支撐，一半以上的題目都會(huì)用來(lái)檢測(cè)考生對(duì)故事的了解，因此，我們必須弄明白整件事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。而其余像主旨大意、作者意圖之類的題目，則取決于文章的落句，集中考查對(duì)作者所發(fā)的感觸的理解?？傊?，細(xì)節(jié)題是記敘文命題的主流題型。而寓意之類的題則是高一層次的題，有一定的難度和區(qū)分度，它們是拉開(kāi)距離的題，答對(duì)了這些題，你才有可能成功地躋身高分之列。綜上所述，記敘文的應(yīng)對(duì)策略即：不漏細(xì)節(jié)，奠定基礎(chǔ)；把準(zhǔn)寓意，方能成功。
【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】
中考英語(yǔ)中的記敘文，往往采用明暗雙線的寫作手法。命題點(diǎn)往往會(huì)在雙線的起承轉(zhuǎn)合點(diǎn)設(shè)定。
一 記敘文答題技巧
一把鑰匙開(kāi)一把鎖。要解答好記敘文閱讀理解題，就應(yīng)該有一套針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的方法和技巧。下面是我們?cè)陂喿x教學(xué)中積累下來(lái)的一點(diǎn)心得體會(huì)，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助。
（1）順藤摸瓜。
記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過(guò)程中的細(xì)節(jié)，包括記敘文的5W（what, wh, when, where, why）要素。因此我們作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候，就沒(méi)有那么復(fù)雜，一般只需要由前到后，從上到下，一題一題地做就可以了。
（2）左顧右盼。
在做題過(guò)程中，我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語(yǔ)或句子。這時(shí)我們需要認(rèn)真研究問(wèn)題，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句，或是疑似語(yǔ)句的位置，接著去左顧，或右盼，在前句或后句尋找線索。
（3）刨根問(wèn)底。
如前所述，主旨大意題或推理判斷、作者意圖題等實(shí)際上是同一類型的問(wèn)題，或者說(shuō)是可用同種方法解答的題型。在解答此類題目的時(shí)候，不可被題干的表象所迷惑，要像剝洋蔥一樣，一層一層地剝；在四個(gè)可選項(xiàng)中，一個(gè)一個(gè)地去證實(shí)，去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類的題目，比如“What can be inferred frm …?”或是What des the authr imply in…?”之類的題目，文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要在文前文后去查找，在字里行間里去尋覓。有時(shí)還少不了借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常理來(lái)體會(huì)這言外之意。
（4）撥云見(jiàn)日。
每年的中考閱讀題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一至兩道詞義猜測(cè)題。而這些詞匯往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有點(diǎn)頭之交，在文中卻另有新意的，總之，猜的是那些在高考詞匯表要求之外的詞匯。小小的一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，考核的不是你的語(yǔ)法的熟練程度，也不是你的記憶力，而是你對(duì)文章通篇或者一個(gè)段落的整體把握和變通能力。
這時(shí)，你不僅需要“左顧右盼”，還需要在幾句話，一個(gè)段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行間中快速搜尋，看看前面、后面都發(fā)生了些什么；反復(fù)琢磨人物、事物，或者人物與事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，才可能在最后撥開(kāi)團(tuán)團(tuán)迷霧，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案。
二 細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷答題技巧
一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題
第一步：審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息；
第二步：速讀定位原文信息句，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換；
第三步：逐一核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)辨別，得出答案。
解題原則：對(duì)原文中能直接排除的進(jìn)行篩選，不能直接找到的多處相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合轉(zhuǎn)換。
二、推理判斷
推理判斷題是中考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一, 包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，是考生失分率較高的題型。考查考生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，且由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義詞及長(zhǎng)難句來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。
預(yù)計(jì)2024年中考推理判斷題占比5-7題左右。
題型和考查角度：
1.高頻考點(diǎn)：隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
2.低頻考點(diǎn)：文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。
錯(cuò)誤原因：
1. 主觀臆斷
2. 缺乏邏輯
3. 過(guò)度推理
4. 缺乏常識(shí)
隱含推斷類題型
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出結(jié)論）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型
解題指導(dǎo)：
瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)
抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；
整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無(wú)論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類題型
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等，如attitude（態(tài)度），utstanding（ 優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反對(duì)）, in favr f（贊成）, 迅速確定題型。
解題指導(dǎo)：
認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向
關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)
注意作者或文中人物的措辭
分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；
牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)
寫作意圖類題型
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告訴我們），write this passage t（寫這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。
解題指導(dǎo)：
根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫作意圖；
根據(jù)文體推斷寫作意圖
記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)（t tell a stry, t entertain readers, t share an experience...）
三 詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意答題技巧
詞義猜測(cè)
題型和考查角度：
1.猜測(cè)生詞或熟詞生義。
2.猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)的意義。
3.猜測(cè)代替詞所替代的內(nèi)容。
4.猜測(cè)句意。
解題技巧 ：
1.定位文中畫線處上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示點(diǎn)，根據(jù)背景、上下文等線索推測(cè)生詞詞義。
選項(xiàng)特征 ：
一、猜測(cè)劃線單詞意思
根據(jù)定義推測(cè)詞義：
有時(shí)作者會(huì)通過(guò)給詞匯下定義來(lái)幫助讀者理解該詞的基本含義，如線索詞that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。
根據(jù)舉例推測(cè)詞義：
有時(shí)，劃線部分后會(huì)根由一些具體的例子，這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠撛~的詞義。線索詞such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義：
表達(dá)對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。
根據(jù)同義詞或并列結(jié)構(gòu)推測(cè)詞義：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)和重復(fù)，會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞，此時(shí)，只要知道其中一個(gè)詞的意思，就能猜出另一個(gè)詞的意思。
根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)詞義：
英語(yǔ)中的很多詞匯，尤其是不斷出現(xiàn)的新詞大多是通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法生成的，因此，掌握主要的構(gòu)詞法有助于猜測(cè)詞義。
根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義：
因果關(guān)系時(shí)一種常見(jiàn)的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)線索詞as, since, because, fr , s, therefre, due t, result in, as a result, fr this reasn, , 等可知上下句存在因果，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來(lái)確定另一句的含義。
二、猜測(cè)劃線代詞意思
定關(guān)鍵：返回原文，找到指代詞，理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
找替代：根據(jù)上下文，尋找復(fù)合邏輯關(guān)系的名詞、代詞、短語(yǔ)或句子等。
再核對(duì)：比較選項(xiàng)，找出與符合邏輯的選項(xiàng)。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，it/this/that指代一件事；
it/he/them/they/ne/thse指代上文提到的人或事。
主旨大意題型
題型和考查角度：
1.主題類：文章大意題和段落大意題(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.標(biāo)題類：標(biāo)題判斷題（選擇最佳標(biāo)題）。
要做好主旨大意題，我們首先必須了解其正確選項(xiàng)和干擾選項(xiàng)的特征。
選項(xiàng)特征：
命題方式：
What is the text mainly abut?
What is the best title fr the text?
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
What's the mainly abut?
What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?
記敘文：純記敘文通常沒(méi)有主題句,需要讀者自己領(lǐng)悟,從中歸納提煉;但有的在文尾作者會(huì)發(fā)表感慨、感悟或就此發(fā)表議論,主旨也就在此;還有的先發(fā)表某種議論或感慨再講一個(gè)故事或經(jīng)歷,主旨就在文首。
根據(jù)位置確定主題句:
主題句在文首
文章開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，給出了主題句，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋、支撐。作者在首段常常亮出觀點(diǎn)、表明立場(chǎng)。大多數(shù)文章的主題句就是文章的首句,所以要認(rèn)真閱讀文章首句。
主題句在文末
有的主題句放在文章的末尾,先擺出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，最后總結(jié), 從而形成強(qiáng)有力的結(jié)論, 要求考生耐心地讀完全文。
有時(shí)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)，開(kāi)篇先提出主題，結(jié)尾再次升華主題。
中考記敘文?？紭?biāo)題歸納題型
最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備以下三大特征：
① 概括--準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短;
② 針對(duì)性--標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符;
③ 題目--能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。
三大方法：
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇開(kāi)原文，設(shè)想各選項(xiàng)寫出來(lái)應(yīng)是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對(duì)，逐一排除不符項(xiàng)；
③ 研讀備選項(xiàng)：認(rèn)真研讀備選項(xiàng)里的中心詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相符。
（一）
（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
There was a stry many years ag f a schl teacher—Mrs. Thmpsn. She tld the children n the first day that she lved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the frnt rw was a little by named Teddy Stddard. He didn’t play well with the ther children and he always needed a bath. She did nt like him.
Then Mrs. Thmpsn gt t knw that Teddy was actually a very gd by befre the death f his mther. Mrs. Thmpsn was ashamed f herself. She felt even wrse when, like all her ther students, Teddy brught her a Christmas present, t. It was his mther’s perfume.
Teddy said, “Mrs. Thmpsn, tday yu smell just like my Mm used t.” After the children left, she cried fr at least an hur. On that very day, she stpped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began t teach children.
Mrs. Thmpsn paid particular attentin t Teddy. The by’s mind seemed t cme alive. The mre she encuraged him, the faster he imprved. By the end f the sixth grade, Teddy had becme ne f the smartest children in the class.
Six years went by befre she gt a nte frm Teddy. He wrte that he had finished high schl, third in his class, and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whle life. He went t cllege. Mrs. Thmpsn gt tw mre letters frm him with the last ne signed, Thedre F. Stddard, M. D．(醫(yī)學(xué)博士).
The stry desn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stddard whispered in Mrs. Thmpsn’s ear, “Thank yu, Mrs. Thmpsn, fr believing in me. Yu made me feel imprtant and shwed me that I culd make a difference.”
Mrs. Thmpsn, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, yu have it all wrng. Yu were the ne wh taught me that I culd make a difference. I didn’t knw hw t teach until I met yu.”
1．What did Mrs. Thmpsn d n the first day f schl?
A．She made Teddy feel ashamed.
B．She tld the class smething untrue abut herself.
C．She changed Teddy’s seat t the frnt rw.
D．She asked the children t play with Teddy.
2．What did Mrs. Thmpsn find ut abut Teddy?
A．He ften tld lies.B．He was gd at math.
C．He needed mtherly care.D．He enjyed playing with thers.
3．Why did Mrs. Thmpsn feel even wrse?
A．Because her students didn’t like her.
B．Because Teddy brught her his mther’s perfume as Christmas present.
C．Because she was very ill.
D．Because she culdn’t d well in her teaching.
4．In what way did Mrs. Thmpsn change?
A．She taught fewer schl subjects.
B．She became stricter with her students.
C．She n lnger liked her jb as a teacher.
D．She cared mre abut educating students.
5．Why did Teddy thank Mrs. Thmpsn at his wedding?
A．She had kept in tuch with him.
B．She had given him encuragement.
C．She had sent him Christmas presents.
D．She had taught him hw t judge peple.
（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）
Lve, jy and the warm feeling f getting tgether dn’t cst a thing. But gifts d cst mney. S what shuld a pr family d?
When I was 10, I tld my mther that the nly thing I wanted fr the New Year was a pg stick(彈簧單高蹺). Hwever, my mther said it was s expensive that we culdn’t affrd ne.
On a Saturday befre New Year, my family went shpping tgether. While my mther and I were picking ut the gifts, my dad said, “I’ll be back sn-I need t see smething in the tl area.” A mment later, he came back with a lng bx. I remembered wndering if there was a pg stick in it.
When we arrived hme, my dad put the bx in the garage. While my parents were busy with their chres, I quietly walked ut t the garage and fund the bx. I was s excited and I knew as sn as I pened that magical bx, my bright, shiny pg stick wuld appear. N such luck! Inside the bx was a silly ld brm(掃帚).
That New Year mrning, I gt sme gifts like a tiger ty and a saving pt, but I didn’t get the present that I really wanted. Hw upset I felt at that mment thugh I didn’t want my parents t see!
After cleaning up the rm, my dad went t the garage. When he came back, he was carrying a beautiful pg stick. I culdn’t believe it! My parents prbably gt quite a laugh frm the trick they played n me.
Althugh we didn’t have much mney, my parents gave me the mst imprtant gift f all: lts f lve. That was ver 60 years ag and I still think abut thse wnderful memries. They were full f my childhd. I will never frget all the jy my parents brught int my life.
6．What did the writer see in the lng bx when he pened it?
A．Pg stick.B．An ld brm.C．A tiger ty.D．A saving pt.
7．Hw did the writer feel at the time he received the beautiful pg stick?
A．Excited.B．Upset.C．Unbelievable.D．Scared.
8．What des the underlined wrd “They” refer t accrding t the passage?
A．The writer’s parents.B．The pg sticks.
C．Sme nice gifts.D．The wnderful memries.
9．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．The writer can always get what he wants frm his parents.
B．His parents gave the writer enugh lve althugh he was brn in pr.
C．The writer is abut 60 years ld nw.
D．The writer felt disappinted with his parents.
10．What des the writer want t tell us frm the passage?
A．Parents shuld satisfy all their children’s needs.
B．Kids shuldn’t ask parents fr any gifts.
C．It’s gd t play sme tricks n each ther smetimes.
D．The mst expensive gift may nt cst much mney but full f lve.
（2023·陜西西安·西安市鐵一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）
Jiang Danni is a 24-year-ld vlunteer frm East China. She has vlunteered in schls in Lebann and cuntries in Africa. And her vides abut her experience have caught many peple’s attentin.
After graduating frm university in 2020, Danni chse t wrk in Africa fr a year and then tk a trip t seven cuntries. A primary schl in Uganda stpped her. She had a peaceful time getting t knw the children at the schl. She taught children in Grades One t Fur. Danni set up different kinds f classes fr her students, including Chinese language learning, and crafts(手工藝). Danni als tried t care fr the students. While staying at a schl in Tanzania, she usually went t the twn which was far away frm schl t buy delicius fd fr the kids.
In 2022, Danni arrived in Lebann in Asia and became a vlunteer teacher at a schl. This time she taught arts and crafts t her students. She included sme interesting activities in her teaching such as paper cutting and the making f paper ice cream in class. Her students all wrked hard and enjyed the creative activities.
▲ Everytime Danni arrived at the schl, they wuld run t give her a hug r small gifts such as candy. And after schl, they wuld invited her t their hmes.
“I enjyed spending beautiful mments with them. Their smiling faces gave me energy and encuraged me t find meaning in vlunteer wrk in different places,” Danni said. She has decided t further develp her dream t help thers as a lifetime career(終身事業(yè)).
11．Where did Danni d vlunteer wrk at first?
A．In Africa.
B．In America.
C．In Asia.
D．In Eurpe.
12．What did Danni teach in the schl in Lebann?
①Chinese. ②Cking. ③Crafts. ④Arts.
A．①②
B．②③
C．①④
D．③④
13．Which f the fllwing can be put in ▲ ?
A．Danni enjyed helping thers.
B．The children there were pr but happy.
C．Danni gt n really well with the children.
D．The smiles n the children’s faces mved Danni.
（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Life has a way f shaping us. Life can make yu dubt yur purpse. These are thughts that I have had in my mind fr many years. Petry (詩(shī)) prepares me fr my purpse. My purpse is petry.
In my jurney twards purpse, petry is my safety net. I started writing pems at the age f 5. By 13, I had written quite a lt f pems. Petry was my escape (解脫) frm being bullied (欺凌) by my classmates. They bullied me because f the way I lked. This bullying gave me lw cnfidence. Petry was my way t be seen, be heard and be knwn.
At each imprtant mment in my life, I wrte petry. In difficult times, I wrte petry. It helped me get away frm the pain. Hwever, writing petry culdn’t supprt me. S I turned t teaching instead.
While living in China, my jb was an English teacher. The tw Chinese teachers I wrked with gave me advice n hw t teach the students English. The students’ needs f studying decided what I needed t d in the classrm. With challenging situatins like this, I cntinued writing petry. I wrte dwn my feelings. I accepted a new me, I learned t think psitively (積極地). My relatinship with petry grew ver time. Petry stayed in my spirit deeply.
There is nthing stpping yu. The nly persn standing in yur way is yurself. Yu have the pwer. Keep ging. Keep believing. Remember that yur hard wrk is nt in vain. G fr it! Yur purpse is waiting fr yu!
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。
14．When did the writer start writing pems?
A．At the age f 5.B．At the age f 13.
C．When she was bullied by her classmate.D．When she was in China.
15．Why did the writer say petry is her safety net?
A．Because it was a way fr her t make friends.
B．Because it made her ppular arund her classmate.
C．Because it gave her a sense f achievement.
D．Because it helped her get away frm the pain.
16．Which is the right rder f the fllwing things?
①The writer started writing pems.
②The writer wrked in China as an English teacher.
③The writer’s relatinship with petry grew ver time.
④The writer was bullied and she wrte lts f pems t escape.
A．①③②④B．②④③①C．①④②③D．②①③④
17．What des the underlined wrd “in vain” mean?
A．imprtantB．necessaryC．helplessD．successful
18．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Failure is the mther f success.
B．A strng will can help us achieve ur purpse.
C．Wrk hard t dig up the depths f yur spirit.
D．Be brave and say n if being treated unfairly.
（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·長(zhǎng)春市解放大路學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）
What can yu achieve in five days? Learn a dance? Read a bk? Or g n a rad trip? What abut winning fur gld medals? Yu may think it is impssible, but a teenage girl has dne just that!
Last Octber, at the 2022 ISSF Wrld Champinships in Cair, Egypt, Pang Yuqian wn fur gld medals in the 50-meter rifle (步槍) events in five days. It was her first internatinal cmpetitin, but Pang, an 18-year-ld high schl student frm Sichuan, made quite a debut (首次亮相).
It is widely knwn that a lt f things are required f a player in shting sprts, and ne f them is cncentratin. “She is little, thin and quiet, but she will put all her attentin n the rifle as lng as she hlds it in her hands.” Pang’s cach said. What’s mre, she is strict with herself and ften asks her cach fr advice even thugh she is a natural fr the sprt. Befre winning the fur medals, she practiced really hard. Nw, thanks t years f training, Pang is already a wrld-class shter.
After winning the fur gld medals, Pang kept telling her parents t keep a lw prfile (保持低調(diào)) and asked them nt t pst anything abut her r her achievements n WeChat Mments, but her mm didn’t listen. She shared the stry f her daughter nline anyway, but wh can blame (責(zé)怪) her? After all, nt everyne can achieve in a lifetime what Pang has already achieved as a teenager.
Pang sht fr the mn and gt it. What a great rle mdel t us! Cme n, everyne, let’s make big plans and dream big dreams. Even if we miss the mn, we’ll still land amng the stars!
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。
19．What des the writer think f winning fur gld medals in five days?
A．Nrmal.B．Unbelievable.C．Easy.D．Interesting.
20．Which is the right rder f the fllwing facts?
①Pang practiced hard befre the cmpetitin.
②Pang wn fur gld medals in the 50-meter rifle events.
③Pang tld her parents nt t pst anything abut her n the Internet.
④Pang’s mm shared Pang’s achievements nline.
A．②①③④B．①②③④C．①②④③D．②①④③
21．What des the underlined wrd “cncentratin” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A．毅力B．堅(jiān)持C．專注D．活力
22．Why did Pang’s mm want t share Pang’s stry with thers?
A．Because she wanted t shw ff.
B．Because she was prud f her daughter and wanted t share her happiness.
C．Because she wanted her daughter t becme better.
D．Because she wanted thers t praise her daughter.
23．Which is the best title f the passage?
A．An Imprtant Shting Experience.B．Fur Gld Medals.
C．A Debut in an Internatinal Cmpetitin.D．She Sht the Mn.
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Life is like a jurney. Nne f us can predict the destinatin (終點(diǎn)) f this jurney. During this jurney, we will enjy beautiful scenery and encunter bad weather with thunderstrms. Peple have different experiences, but in this jurney, we all have t face all kinds f situatins. N matter what we experience, we shuld have a dream and hld it until the end f ur jurney.
We can’t set ur gals t high, which will nly make us have n time t enjy urselves alng the way. Every day, we have t mve frward in a hurry, just like climbing cuntless muntains. When we climb a muntain, there are many higher muntains waiting fr us t climb. That way, we are likely t give up ur dreams, because it seems impssible fr us t reach the peak. We shuld start frm wn reality and enjy the beauty f life. We shuld nt nly live fr ur gals, but als live fr urselves.
Learn t lve. During the jurney f life, we are nt alne. There are many peple with us, family, friends, teachers and s n. They give us lve and care and we shuld lve and respect them, including strangers. Be nice t thers, and the wrld will be nice t us.
Treat the jurney f life calmly and patiently, wait fr the flwers t blm and fall, and enjy the cluds. The beauty f peace f mind is even mre fascinating. A calm heart is like a clear blue sky withut dark cluds, like a pl f clear water withut any pllutin, and like the light n green leaves, giving us hpe and curage.
All in all, we shuld cherish everyne, everything and every scenery we see. Life is t shrt. Be kind t yurself, live in the present and let life shw its beauty, because we nly have ne life. Please feel the scenery alng the way with yur heart!
24．Accrding t paragraph 1, what can yu infer?
A．Everyne can knw what the end f their life is like.
B．Either bad things r gd things, yu will experience in yur life.
C．Yu may stick t yur dream till yu die.
D．Thunderstrms here refers t gd situatins.
25．Why can’t we set ur gal t high?
A．Bccause high gals are t easy.
B．Because high gals are hard t set.
C．Because high gals make us climb cuntless muntains.
D．Because high gals are s difficult t achieve that we wuld give them up.
26．During ur jurney f life, whm shuld we lve and respect?
A．Parents.B．Strangers.
C．Friends.D．All f the abve.
27．Which f the fllwing shws the structure (結(jié)構(gòu)) f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
28．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Be calm and patientB．Enjy ur jurney f life
C．Lve everyne arund usD．Never give up ur dreams
（一）（2023·遼寧大連·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Ray was a naughty(淘氣的) student. But he was smart and hard-wrking. And he never lst a race r a chess game. He always came first in schl. He was s pleased with himself that he wuld always refuse t help thers.
“Ray, are yu able t g t the market and buy sme eggs?” asked his mther. Ray gave an excuse and refused, “Srry, Mm. I wuld be busy with my hmewrk.”
Jack, ne f Ray’s friends, wanted his help and asked, “Please help me slve this math prblem.” “Yu must use yur brain and slve it yurself.” replied the arrgant(傲慢的) Ray. Only ne thing was imprtant t Ray. His precius(珍貴的) pen! He cnsidered it as his lucky pen. But ne day Ray lst the pen.
Wrried Ray lked everywhere fr the pen, but culdn’t find it. Helplessly, he went t his mther fr help, “Mm, I lst my lucky pen! Please help me find it. I have a test tmrrw.”
His mther ignred(不理睬) his request and said, “I’m srry. I’m ging ut with Aunty Christme.”
With tears rlling dwn his eyes. Ray asked his friend fr help, “I have lst my lucky pen. I cannt finish the test withut it. Please help me find it!” “I’m srry, Ray. I have t revise fr tmrrw’s test. I dn’t have time t waste.” Jack replied.
Ray sat at his desk, crying his eyes ut, when his mther walked in t give his lucky pen t him. “I fund it under the sfa in the drawing rm.” said his mther.
“Many thanks. Mm!” said Ray. And thus, Ray learnt his lessn.
After that day, Ray helped everyne when pssible fr him.
35．T Ray’s mther and Jack, Ray was ________.
A．perfectB．unhelpfulC．carelessD．warm-hearted
36．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Ray?
A．He tld lies t his mther.B．He refused his friend’s help.
C．He helped his friend with math.D．He needed help t find his pen.
37．Hw did Ray learn his lessn?
A．By taking a test.B．By helping thers.
C．By sharing kindness.D．By experiencing wrries.
38．What can we learn frm the Passage?
A．Asking fr help necessary.B．Helping thers brings happiness.
C．Helping thers is t help urselves.D．Lking fr excuses fr urselves useless.
（二）（2023·江蘇）
Katie was waiting fr Gulliver’s calls. Instead, she just heard sparrws making nise in the bushes. “Maybe Gulliver missed the harbur.” Dad said. After breakfast, Katie tk her camera t the harbur. All the clurful bats made pretty pictures, but nt the ne she wanted mst.
Katie waved t Ernest, her uncle’s neighbur, n the bathuse. The gull’s name, Gulliver, was given by him. The gull’s size and his single leg made the bird itself different. But Ernest tld Katie what Gulliver did that first summer Katie and her dad came caught everyne’s attentin. Yung Katie lay in her strller (嬰兒車) n the flating dck (碼頭) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing bats nearby. The waves frm the passing bat made Katie’s strller shake strngly. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Gulliver made the ludest cry. Dad and uncle rushed t Katie and stpped the strller frm falling int the water. They kept a clse eye at Katie after that. Anther summer Katie was three years ld, she liked t tuch everything. But Dad didn’t watch her every minute when she tried t catch small ducks arund r fish frm water. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” The gull’s cry brught Dad back in time. He stpped Katie as she tried t fllw the small ducks running twards water. Several summers passed, and Gulliver cntinued t call ut as Katie tried new things.
This summer Katie did the usual by-the-sea things she’d learned t d. One day, she rwed a bat ut but was trapped n a rck by a strm. As she lked up and tried t catch the last warmth f the sunshine thrugh dark cluds, she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky fr an answer. Putting her arms arund knees, she clsed eyes t hld in the tears (眼淚). “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Katie sat up. “Katie! Katie!” Sn, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared. “Hw lucky! We heard Gulliver as we came arund the rcks,” Uncle Ralph said, “At least… it sunded like him. Strange, he was nwhere in sight.” Katie remembered the feather. “I thught I heard him, t.”
—Adapted frm the stry by Gillian Richardsn
39．Katie tk a camera t the harbur in rder t take a picture f ________.
A．GulliverB．ErnestC．sparrwsD．bats
40．What’s the right rder f the fllwing events abut Katie?
①She was trapped n a rck by a strm.
②She lay in her strller n the flating dck.
③She fllwed the small ducks running twards water.
A．①②③B．①③②C．②③①D．②①③
41．Which f the fllwing can shw the change f Katie’s feelings in Paragraph 3?
A．sad—peaceful—excitedB．sad—excited—nervus
C．helpless—hpeful—thankfulD．helpless—thankful—nervus
42．What’s the best title fr the stry?
A．Katie and GulliverB．Katie’s Hlidays
C．Katie and DadD．Katie’s Tears
（三）（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Like mst parents, mine spent much time advising me t take part in activities utside schl. Hwever, they never frced me, and I never fund anything I was interested in. Then ne day a friend at schl tld me abut a lcal dance grup and asked if I wanted t g with her. S after schl we went t talk t the dance teacher. She explained everything t us and we bth decided t jin.
My parents were really pleased t hear I’d finally chsen dancing. They think if yu develp an interest in ding smething yurself, it will be easier t succeed.
I’ve nw been attending the dancing classes fr 3 years and I really enjy it. We are rganized int age grups, and at 16 I’m nw in the ldest class. There are classes f swing dance, ballet (芭蕾舞), street dance and flk dance. I practice street dance and I’m quite gd at it. I als help ut leading sme f the yunger children.
We als take part in events like lcal and even natinal dance shws, and relatives turn up t see their children perfrm. My parents are prud f me as they tell me all the time.
Nw I’ll be t ld t cntinue dancing with the grup. Hwever, I have already made plans t cntinue with them. The dance schl has becme very successful and is pening new classes. The directr has asked if I’d like t be ne f the grup leaders and f curse I said “yes”!
— By Julie, 16
43．Wh made Julie decide t jin the lcal dance grup?
A．Her parents.B．Her teacher.C．Her friend.D．Herself.
44．Accrding t Julie’s parents, what is mre imprtant t be successful?
A．Interest.B．Hard wrk.C．Curage.D．Pride.
45．When did Julie attend the dancing classes?
A．1 year ag.B．2 years ag.C．3 years ag.D．4 years ag.
46．What kind f dance is Julie gd at?
A．Swing dance.B．Ballet.C．Street dance.D．Flk dance.
47．Hw des Julie feel abut her future develpment?
A．Unhappy.B．Clear.C．Scared.D．Wrried.
（四）（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
I have an 11-year-ld sn named Peter. I knew that playing sprts wuld be gd t ur sn. He wuld get sme exercise, learn abut teamwrk and learn sme physical skills. We cntinually encuraged him t have a try, but after a while it was clear that he didn’t like team sprts, and there was nthing we culd d t change it.
We decided nt t push him t take part in sprts, even thugh mst f his friends did sprts. As time went by, we gradually realized that we had made the right decisin. Dn’t misunderstand (誤解) me. I have nthing against sprts. Nw my sn isn’t interested in sprts, but I’m nt pushing him t d sprts. Here are the reasns:
I want him t knw I accept him uncnditinally. I dn’t even want Peter t feel that I will lve him nly if he behaves in a certain way r takes part in sme activities. Whether he succeeds r fails, he will always be my sn, and that will never change.
I want him t frm his wn path (道路) in life. His path desn’t have t be the same as mine. In fact, we bth have similar interests in several areas like music, cmputers and Star Wars, but we’re als different in many ways. Peter needs t be free t g his wn path.
I want him t knw that I dn’t judge (判斷) my wrth by his achievements. Every father will feel prud f his sn if he can make great achievements. S mst parents always push them s hard. Smetimes we have seen urselves indirectly thrugh ur wn sns. Their achievements remind us f ur wnderful days in the past. We must make sure we dn’t want t make up fr (彌補(bǔ)) ur wn regrets by pushing ur sns t climb higher and g further than we did.
48．The advantages f ding sprts dn’t include ________.
A．getting sme exerciseB．getting sme exam skills
C．learning abut teamwrkD．learning sme physical skills
49．What was the writer’s final decisin?
A．Our sn must master a kind f sprt.
B．He shuld d the same thing as his friends.
C．We didn’t push him t d sprts he disliked.
D．We wuld push him t find what he was gd at.
50．What des the underlined wrd “uncnditinally” mean?
A．慎重地B．無(wú)條件地C．不耐煩地D．猶豫地
51．Hw many reasns des the father give fr nt pushing his sn t take part in sprts?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.D．Five.
52．Which sentence can best describe the father in this passage?
A．He is a wise and pen-minded father.
B．He desn’t care abut his sn’s future.
C．He is brave and knws when t give up.
D．He is rich enugh t supprt the whle family.
（五）（2023·浙江衢州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Tm always lived fr grades. He was always interested in bks and ideas. Why shuld he care abut peple? They nly made fun f him. They were jealus (妒忌的) because he was s smart, r s he thught. It seemed that Tm knew everything — except ne thing. He didn’t knw hw t get alng with ther peple.
He made his parents believe that schl was a waste f time, s he began hme schling with special teachers. He dreamed f being the yungest persn t enter university, and he sent letters t famus prfessrs (教授) t see if it was pssible.
One day, the drbell rang. When Tm pened the dr, there was his idl—Prfessr Rsen. Tm was s excited that he culd hardly speak. The tw talked fr a lng time, exchanging ideas. The prfessr was surprised at what this yung by knew. “Tm, tell me abut yur friends. What d yu d fr fun?” the prfessr wanted t knw.
There was silence as Tm realised that he didn’t really have any friends. “Well, I dn’t have time fr all that. I’m t busy with my studies,” he said.
“That’s a prblem, Tm. Yu have t learn that the wrld is nt just filled with ideas. It’s filled with peple. And yu have t remember t be what yu are … a by. Bys need t have fun.”
The prfessr talked a bit mre and then said, “I have t g, but I have a test fr yu. In this bx, there are three things. I want yu t learn hw t use them. It is nt very simple and yu’ll need anther persn t help yu. Experiment and learn hw t use them, and I’ll be back in a week t see hw yu’re ding. Then, I’ll have anther test fr yu.”
The prfessr left and Tm pened the bx. Inside were tw baseball glves and a ball. He tried n a glve and picked up the ball, lking at the ther glve with a bright smile …
53．What des the underlined wrd “it” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Writing letters.B．Attending university early.
C．Studying at hme.D．Visiting famus prfessrs.
54．What d Prfessr Rsen’s wrds mean in Paragraph 5?
A．It’s gd fr Tm t share new ideas with his teachers.
B．It’s imprtant fr Tm t remember what he’s learnt.
C．It’s necessary fr Tm t realise what his prblem is.
D．It’s helpful fr Tm t knw the differences amng peple.
55．Why did Prfessr Rsen set the first test fr Tm accrding t the text?
A．T imprve Tm’s testing skills.
B．T check Tm’s language level.
C．T stp Tm frm being silent.
D．T encurage Tm t make friends.
56．What will Tm prbably d next accrding t the text?
A．Wrk much harder n his studies.
B．Give the bx back t the prfessr.
C．G ut t play baseball with smene.
D．Ask fr mre infrmatin by letter.
（六）（2023·山東日照·中考真題）
Once there was a manager wh had a team f arund 40 hardwrking members. Everything seemed perfect except fr ne thing: the grup has a hard time cmmunicating and sharing infrmatin with each ther.
Then ne day, the manager had an idea. He decided t take his grup n a team uting and persnally prepared games f 3 runds.
During the first rund, the manager tld everyne t blw a balln and write their names withut ppping （弄破） it. And sn the team members did it successfully.
After that, the leader tld them t wait utside fr the next rund. When they were asked t enter the rm again, the members saw many mre ballns withut names all arund the rm.
The manager tld his team t search fr the balln that belngs t them. The first three persns t bring him the balln will win, while thse wh pp the balln will be ut f the game.
15 minutes had already passed and nt a single ne was able t identify（確認(rèn)）his balln, and that’s why the manager decided t g n t the third rund instead. Fr the third rund, the manager tld his yung grup t pick any ballns frm the rm and give it t the persn whse name was n it.
Within a cuple f minutes, everyne had his balln with his wn name. The manager went n t tell his members hw they were nt able t search fr their ballns in the secnd rund because everyne was fixing t much attentin n his wn target. Hwever, in just a shrt time, they were able t d the third rund because f the pwer f teamwrk and sharing with each ther.
57．What were the team asked t d in the first rund?
A．T share their infrmatin.
B．T identity their wn ballns.
C．T give the ballns 10 the manager.
D．T blw the ballns and write their names.
58．Why did the team fail in the secnd rund?
A．Sme f them ppped the ballns.
B．Each fcused n his wn balln.
C．Only three f them fund the ballns.
D．Nne f the ballns had names n them.
59．What des the underlined wrd “target” mean?
A．interestB．galC．directinD．chice
60．What’s the manager’s purpse in preparing the games?
A．T find ut the mst talented members.
B．T free the team frm the stress in their wrk.
C．T remind the team f the imprtance f teamwrk.
D．T encurage the team members t wrk harder.
目錄
一
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)
掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向
二
考情分析
中考閱讀理解記敘文文考情分析
三
閱讀應(yīng)用文的考向
細(xì)節(jié)理解題
推理判斷題
詞義猜測(cè)題
主旨大意題
5.提升必考題型歸納
四
真題感悟
中考閱讀記敘文文經(jīng)典考題精選
正確選項(xiàng)特征
將選項(xiàng)代入原文，上下文邏輯通順。
含義和其字面意思一般沒(méi)有關(guān)系。
干擾項(xiàng)特征
與劃線部分詞形相似
考查熟詞生義時(shí)，含有常規(guī)詞義的往往不正確
3.選項(xiàng)中含有過(guò)多原句中已有的詞和短語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)一般為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
正確選項(xiàng)特征
涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。
確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。
精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩
語(yǔ)言精練，若是標(biāo)題類，則應(yīng)當(dāng)醒目且語(yǔ)言具有概括性和針對(duì)性。
干擾項(xiàng)特征
過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)
范圍太大，超出文章內(nèi)容。
以偏概全
只是文章的某一部分或者某一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，或是某一個(gè)段落的要點(diǎn)或者部分。
主觀臆斷
與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)，只是涉及個(gè)別單詞或按現(xiàn)實(shí)生活生搬硬套。

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