【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.熟練語(yǔ)篇類型和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)
2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式
3.掌握不同題型的解題方法
【考情分析】
閱讀理解議論文命題規(guī)律
議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說(shuō)根據(jù)情境能揣測(cè)作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測(cè)等幾種出題方式。
【名師解難】
議論文一般有論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證三個(gè)要素。論點(diǎn)是議論文的核心，是作者對(duì)所論述事件的基本看法和立場(chǎng)；是文章要表達(dá)的主要思想；找準(zhǔn)論點(diǎn)有助干把握文章的整體方向和理解文章主題的深層內(nèi)涵。論據(jù)是作者所引用的用以證明和支持論點(diǎn)的材料，這些材料可以是名人名言、事實(shí)例證，或是統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)等，理清論據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容能夠幫助讀者更深層次地理解論點(diǎn)的含義。論證方法多種多樣，常見的有:1.歸納法，即從分析個(gè)別事例入手，找出事物的共同特點(diǎn)，從而得出結(jié)論；2.演繹法，即從一般原理出發(fā)，對(duì)個(gè)別事物進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、分析后得出結(jié)論；3.比較對(duì)照法，即對(duì)所有事實(shí)、方面進(jìn)行對(duì)照，找出異同之處，然后加以分析，得出結(jié)論；
4.駁論法，即先列出錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)，然后加以逐條批駁，反證自己觀點(diǎn)的正確性。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解：細(xì)節(jié)理解題在中考閱讀理解試題中所占比例最大，不過(guò)相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)較簡(jiǎn)單，通過(guò)題干的關(guān)鍵詞，在文中找到相關(guān)信息，仔細(xì)對(duì)比，就能得出答案。其正確選項(xiàng)特征為：同義替換、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化、正話反說(shuō)等。
2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、選擇標(biāo)題及判斷作者寫作意圖等形式出現(xiàn)。其正確選項(xiàng)特征為：涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段；確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太??；精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩。
3.作者觀點(diǎn)：站在作者的角度，通過(guò)邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念。
4. 詞義猜測(cè)：考查考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測(cè)所指定的某一個(gè)生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，而這些詞或詞組往往超出考綱范圍。一般利用上下文線索、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、上下文邏輯、構(gòu)詞法和常識(shí)等手段。
議論文答題技巧
一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨
標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對(duì)全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總—分—總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的論證方式。通常，先總說(shuō)現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)文章。通常主題句會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例之后或之前的表示觀點(diǎn)的陳述句中尋找。
二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解
除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題(按事情發(fā)展順序排序)，圖表題(按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形)，正誤題(依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷) 。對(duì)這種題型，無(wú)論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點(diǎn)都應(yīng)是從文章中找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無(wú)關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對(duì)比，有根據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有nt或except等表示否定意義的詞，則需要更加留意。此法可以加強(qiáng)閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。
三、理解整體語(yǔ)篇，掌握作者意圖
做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語(yǔ)篇的同時(shí)，對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語(yǔ)文章講究使用主題段與主題句，段與段之間通常有過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時(shí)文章還會(huì)在時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語(yǔ)篇前會(huì)進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定：讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后設(shè)計(jì)一些隱藏在語(yǔ)篇深層的＂潛臺(tái)詞＂。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測(cè)，揣摩文字背后作者的意圖，運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時(shí)認(rèn)真體會(huì)文章的語(yǔ)氣與感情基調(diào)。
四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧
由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅(jiān)持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴(kuò)大英語(yǔ)詞匯量，二是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對(duì)比或因果推理法等。
總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面入手。通過(guò)觀察、體驗(yàn)、探究等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。
（一）
（2023·安徽·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
N ne wants t wrk at a messy（凌亂的） desk and lk lazy. But des a messy desktp actually mean that? Nt all disrders mean yu mess everything up.
Peple wh like a messy desk have their wn ideas. Sme think it makes them cmfrtable. Sme believe it helps them fcus（專注） mre easily. Messy tables can make it easier t fcus n the tasks, just like sme writers can write patiently in a nisy place. Others may be the peple wh want t d things perfectly. They usually put away the less imprtant things and d the mst imprtant nes perfectly, which leads t paper muntains n the desktp.
Research shws that peple wrking with a messy desktp are prbably mre creative and like t take risks. But peple with a tidy ne ften fllw the rules and may nt like t try new things. Fr example, in an experiment（實(shí)驗(yàn)） dne by Kathleen Vhs, peple in the messy grup came up with mre interesting and creative ideas abut the new uses f ping-png balls. Vhs says, “Messy envirnments seem t inspire（激發(fā)） peple t think up fresh ideas.”
But a messy desk might nt be the best chice all the time. When yu need new ideas, a messy desk might be a gd chice; but when yu want t d a task quickly and successfully, it seems better t make a desk clean and tidy.
1．Why d sme peple like a messy desk?
A．Because they are lazy and untidy.B．Because they want t d things well.
C．Because it helps them fcus n tasks easily.D．Because it helps them d their wrk patiently.
2．What des the experiment dne by Kathleen Vhs shw us?
A．Disrder is welcmed by mst peple in this wrld.
B．A messy desktp has a bad influence n peple's minds.
C．Peple wrking with a tidy desktp can als be successful.
D．Peple wrking with a messy desktp may be mre creative.
3．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Messy Desk: D Peple Need t Change It?
B．Messy Desk: Des It Make Peple Cmfrtable?
C．Messy Desk: D Peple Get Used t It?
D．Messy Desk: Des It Help Peple Wrk Patiently?
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要圍繞桌面凌亂對(duì)人的影響展開論述，通過(guò)實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了在桌面凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的人更具有創(chuàng)造性，分析了桌面整潔與凌亂的不同影響。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Peple wh like a messy desk have their wn ideas. Sme think it makes them cmfrtable. Sme believe it helps them fcus（專注） mre easily.”（喜歡凌亂辦公桌的人有自己的想法。有些人認(rèn)為這讓他們感到舒適。一些人認(rèn)為這有助于他們更容易集中注意力）可知，因?yàn)榱鑱y的辦公桌能幫助他們更容易地專注于任務(wù)。故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fr example, in an experiment（實(shí)驗(yàn)） dne by Kathleen Vhs, peple in the messy grup came up with mre interesting and creative ideas abut the new uses f ping-png envirnments seem t inspire（激發(fā)） peple t think up fresh ideas”可知，研究表明，在凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的人可能更有創(chuàng)造力。故選D。
3．標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要圍繞桌面凌亂對(duì)人的影響展開論述，通過(guò)實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了在桌面凌亂的環(huán)境下工作的人更具有創(chuàng)造性，分析了桌面整潔與凌亂的不同影響：當(dāng)你需要新想法時(shí)，凌亂的辦公桌可能是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇；但是當(dāng)你想要快速成功地完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí)，把桌子弄得干凈整潔似乎更好。所以最佳題目是：“凌亂的辦公桌：人們需要改變它嗎？”故選A。
（2023·四川綿陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Histry is full f heres, wh have made an enrmus impact (影響) n the wrld.
Full Rizer Red (《滿江紅》), ne f the hit mvies in 2023, reminded me f Yue Fei, ur natinal her. He led the army t fight bravely against Jin, nt t yield (屈服) t the traitr (叛徒) Qin Hui. Yue Fei, accrding t China’s histry, is a real her. His stry has been passed dwn thrugh the ages, beginning with his life in the Suthern Sng Dynasty.
There are heres in every time perid. Heres are peple wh d smething brave, unusual, r imprtant. Heres are men and wmen wh take risks. In the face f natural disasters, there are als many retrgrade (逆行的) heres. They make a psitive (積極的) difference in the wrld.
Sme heres lived lng ag. Gerge Washingtn was the first president f the United States. Sme heres did great things recently. Sally Ride was an astrnaut and an educatr, and the first American wman t g int space.
Sme f the greatest heres did nt just d remarkable things that made them famus. In their everyday lives, they behaved in ways that made peple admire their character. Character is a grup f qualities that make up wh a persn is. Heres are ften peple with great character.
Many peple with great character are hnest. Hnest peple tell the truth, even when it is hard t d it. Smene with great character may als be cmpassinate. A cmpassinate persn cares abut thers and wrks t help them.
A persn with great character may als be respnsible. Respnsible peple d things they prmise t d. Other peple can depend n them.
Heres build frm their great character t deliver great actin. D yu have a her?
4．What kind f difference d heres make in the wrld?
A．A small difference.B．A negative (消極的) difference.
C．A psitive difference.D．A cruel difference.
5．What des the underlined wrd “admire” mean in this article?
A．Lk after.B．Lk fr.C．Lk frward t.D．Lk up t.
6．What can be cncluded frm Paragraph 3 abut ding smething brave?
A．Wmen are mre likely t d smething brave than men are.
B．Ding smething brave makes a difference in the wrld.
C．Ding smething brave is the same thing as ding smething unusual.
D．What a her des is taking risks.
7．Frm this article, what is the very quality that peple admire in thers?
A．Hnesty.B．Beauty.C．Shyness.D．Humr.
8．What is the main idea f this article?
A．Heres are peple wh make a psitive difference in the wrld thrugh their actins.
B．Sally Ride was an astrnaut, an educatr, and the first American wman t g int space.
C．Hnesty, cmpassin, and respnsibility are sme f the qualities that can make up a persn’s character.
D．Yue Fei remains ne f the mst heric figures in Chinese histry.
【答案】4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，講述了英雄是那些通過(guò)自己的行動(dòng)對(duì)世界產(chǎn)生積極影響的人。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句“They make a psitive difference in the wrld”可知，英雄對(duì)世界有積極的影響。故選C。
5．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中的“In their everyday lives, they … admire their character.”可知，在日常生活中，他們的行為舉止令人欽佩。選項(xiàng)意思分別為：lk after照顧；lk fr尋找；lk frward t盼望；lk up t尊敬、欽佩。故選D。
6．段落大意題。第三段主要講的是做一些勇敢的事情會(huì)讓世界有所不同。故選B。
7．態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。通讀全文并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，人們欣賞有誠(chéng)實(shí)品質(zhì)的人。選項(xiàng)意思分別為：hnesty誠(chéng)實(shí)；beauty美麗；shyness害羞；humr幽默。故選A。
8．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了英雄是那些通過(guò)自己的行動(dòng)對(duì)世界產(chǎn)生積極影響的人。故選A。
（2023·陜西西安·?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）
Think abut that if yu are criticized (批評(píng)) fr ding smething wrng, hw wuld yu feel?
Much like artists turn smething useless int smething useful, yu can learn t get sme useful experience frm criticism.
Fr mst f us, the mistake is t cnsider criticism as a bad thing. That leads us t clse ur minds and lks dwn upn what thers said. But the prblem is that the truth is ften hidden behind it. N matter hw smart yu are and hw hard yu wrk, there is always rm fr yu t imprve.
Sme criticism may be wrng. But even in these cases, it’s valuable because it helps yu see yur actins thrugh anther pint. Learning frm such criticism requires the ability t make feelings wrk fr yu, instead f being against with yu. Yu can turn negative feedback (負(fù)面回饋) int smething useful by asking yurself the fllwing questins:
● Putting my persnal feelings aside, what can I learn frm this persn’s criticism?
● Hw can I use this feedback t help me imprve?
When yu see the criticism as an pprtunity fr grwth, it can help yu t imprve yur ideas greatly. It’s never gd t hear that yu are wrng. When yu d everything, remember this: praise is nice. But it’s the peple wh tell yu the truth that make yu better. It’s the nes wh challenge yu that will make yu grw.
9．Hw did the writer start the passage?
A．By listing a fact.B．By telling a stry.C．By asking a questin.D．By giving a reasn.
10．Why is sme wrng criticism valuable?
A．Because it can help us t realize hw smart we are.
B．Because we can get sme useful experience frm it.
C．Because it can help us t see ur actins in anther way.
D．Because it can leads us t clse ur minds.
11．What’s the writer’s pinin n criticism?
A．He thinks we shuld cnsider it as an pprtunity fr grwth.
B．He thinks it is a bad thing.
C．He thinks all the criticism is wrng.
D．He thinks we can hardly turn it int smething useful.
【答案】9．C 10．C 11．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了如何正確看待批評(píng)，從中獲得有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Think abut that if yu are criticized (批評(píng)) fr ding smething wrng, hw wuld yu feel?”可知，作者是通過(guò)設(shè)問引出文章的話題。故選C。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“it’s valuable because it helps yu see yur actins thrugh anther pint. ”可知，是因?yàn)樗梢詭椭覀円粤硪环N方式看待自己的行為。故選C。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“But it’s the peple wh tell yu the truth that make yu better. It’s the nes wh challenge yu that will make yu grw.”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該把批評(píng)看作是一個(gè)成長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A。
（2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶南開中學(xué)?？级＃?br>Des the university yu attend r the majr (專業(yè)) yu chse decide yur success in the future? Accrding t a recent survey, 48.6% f the peple believe that the university plays an imprtant rle in shaping their future. But 33.8% f the peple think ne’s majr is mre imprtant.
Fu Xi is a student at Peking University, ne f the tp universities in China. He thinks his university des bring many unseen advantages. “If I had n academic (學(xué)術(shù)的) training r experiences f different clubs in cllege, I wuldn’t have successfully gt my first internship (實(shí)習(xí)) in a leading bank,” Fu tld the reprter frm China Yuth Daily. As fr him, students culd imprve their abilities thrugh internships r academic activities t make themselves ready fr a jb r further studies, n matter which majr they chse.
Hwever, Chen Yufei, 20 years ld, wh studies Japanese at Tianjin University, desn’t think s. ▲ After getting lwer scres than expected in Gaka, Chen lst the chance t study her favrite majr — Chinese. “Having n interest in Japanese, I felt unhappy when taking Japanese classes in the first year,” Chen said. Later, she had prblems in finding her dream jb. “Different majrs will lead t different jbs which finally lead t different incmes (收入),” Chen added. She thinks that even students wh majr in Japanese at well-knwn universities will mst prbably make less mney than thse wh majr in cmputer science.
Bth the university and ne’s majr are imprtant, but they dn’t necessarily decide yur life, accrding t Chu Zhahui, a prfessinal researcher f the Natinal Institute f Educatin Sciences. “Fr students, persnal develpment is clsely cnnected with their perfrmance in the university,” Chu said.
12．Frm Paragraph 2, we knw that ________.
A．Fu Xi is really thankful t his university
B．Fu Xi desn’t enjy wrking in a leading bank
C．Fu Xi can succeed, n matter what university he chses
D．Fu Xi dislikes his majr, but he tries t imprve his abilities
13．Which f the fllwing can be put in the ▲ ?
A．She believes she shuld study cmputer science instead f Japanese.
B．She believes bth university and majr are the key t ne’s success.
C．She believes that a right majr has much mre weight than a gd university.
D．She believes whatever yur majr is, yu must study hard.
14．In the last paragraph, Chu Zhahui’s wrds are mentined t ________.
A．teach students hw t chse a gd majr and university
B．shw what students think abut the survey is reasnable
C．tell students that ne’s future depends n his majr and university
D．a(chǎn)dvise students t pay mre attentin t what they d in the university
15．The writer develps the whle passage by ________.
A．telling striesB．listing numbersC．raising questinsD．sharing pinins
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，作者就上大學(xué)時(shí)，學(xué)校和專業(yè)哪一個(gè)更重要分享了不同人的觀點(diǎn)。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“He thinks his university des bring many unseen advantages”可知，北京大學(xué)為Fu Xi帶來(lái)了許多隱形優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以他對(duì)學(xué)校很是感激。故選A。
13．詞句猜測(cè)題。感激下文“She thinks that even students wh majr in Japanese at well-knwn universities will mst prbably make less mney than thse wh majr in cmputer science”可知，Chen Yufei認(rèn)為所學(xué)的專業(yè)比大學(xué)學(xué)校的名氣更重要。C選項(xiàng)“她認(rèn)為，一個(gè)合適的專業(yè)比一所好大學(xué)更有分量”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文“Fr students, persnal develpment is clsely cnnected with their perfrmance in the university”可知，文中列出Chu Zhahui的話是建議學(xué)生們要更加注重他們?cè)诖髮W(xué)里所做的表現(xiàn)。故選D。
15．主旨大意題。本文是一篇議論文，作者就上大學(xué)時(shí)，學(xué)校和專業(yè)哪一個(gè)更重要分享了不同人的觀點(diǎn)。故選D。
（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考二模）
Scial media is ne f the fastest-grwing industries in the wrld tday. A study carried ut by the PewResearch Center shwed that 92 percent f teenagers g nline daily. The wide use f scial media has changed nearly all parts f teenagers lives.
Changing relatinships:
High schl student Elly Cper frm Illinis said scial media ften reduces face-t-face cmmunicatin. “It makes in-persn relatinships harder because peple give attentin t their phnes instead f their byfriends r girlfriends,” Cper said. Yet, sme peple believe scial media has made it easier t start relatinships with anyne frm anywhere. Beth Kaplan frm Illinis met her lng-distance friend thrugh scial media. Nw he lives in Sctland, but they’re still ften able t cmmunicate with each ther. “I can feel clse t smene that I’m talking t by Face Time, ” Kaplan said.
Wanting t be “l(fā)iked”:
The rise f scial media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19-year-ld Essena O’Neill annunced n the scial netwrking service Instagram that she had stpped using scial media. She thught she had gtten lst in appearing perfect nline. Negative cmments can als d damage t a teenager self-esteem(自尊). Teenagers wh get negative cmments can’t help but feel hurt. In particular, sme scial media apps such as Yik Yak may prvide pprtunities fr cyber bullying (網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌).
Opening new drs:
Hwever, Armin Krss, a student frm Illinis, takes advantage f the cmments he receives ver scial media t imprve his vides n the scial netwrking site YuTube. “Scial media can help peple shw themselves and their talents t the wrld in a way that was never pssible befre,” Krss said.
But Krss realizes that scial media has becme a distractin (讓人分心的事). “Scial media is nt all necessary, thugh it helps peple cnnect with their friends and knw each ther well anytime.”
16．Hw des scial media change relatinships, accrding t the article? ________
A．It pushes peple t meet their friends mre ften ffline.
B．It encurages peple t pay mre attentin t thse arund them.
C．It enables users t understand crrectly what thers are talking abut nline.
D．It allws peple t keep in tuch with their friends wh live far away mre easily.
17．The underlined wrd “cmments” means ________ in the passage.
A．pininsB．suggestinsC．cnversatinsD．rders
18．What des Essena O’Neill think f scial media? ________
A．It develps her cnfidence.
B．It helps her make friends.
C．It hurts her seriusly.
D．It makes her tired f using scial media app Yik Yak.
19．Which statement abut the use f scial media wuld Armin Krss prbably agree with? ________
A．Using scial media can nly get negative cmments.
B．Using scial media can nly reduce face-t-face cmmunicatin.
C．Using scial media is necessary because it can help knw friends well anytime.
D．Scial media can create pprtunities fr teenagers t develp themselves.
20．What is the article mainly abut? ________
A．The majr prblems with scial media.
B．Scial media’s influence n teenagers.
C．Hw teenagers benefit (受益) frm scial media.
D．Why scial media attracts s many teenagers.
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了社交媒體對(duì)青少年的影響。
16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Yet, sme peple believe scial media has made it easier t start relatinships with anyne frm anywhere. Beth Kaplan frm Illinis met her lng-distance friend thrugh scial media. Nw he lives in Sctland, but they’re still ften able t cmmunicate with each ther.”可知人們相隔遙遠(yuǎn)也可以通過(guò)方便的社交軟件得到聯(lián)系。故選D。
17．詞義猜測(cè)題。此句“Negative cmments can als d damage t a teenager self-esteem(自尊). Teenagers wh get negative cmments can’t help but feel hurt.”句意為“負(fù)面評(píng)論也會(huì)損害青少年的自尊。受到負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)的青少年會(huì)不由自主地感到受傷?！庇纱丝芍?，下劃線單詞 “cmments”意為“評(píng)價(jià)”。故選A。
18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“The 19-year-ld Essena O’Neill annunced n the scial netwrking service Instagram that she had stpped using scial media. She thught she had gtten lst in appearing perfect nline.”可知她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過(guò)度沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。故選C。
19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段“Scial media can help peple shw themselves and their talents t the wrld in a way that was never pssible befre”可知Krss 認(rèn)為, 合理正確的使用了社交媒介能夠?qū)η嗌倌暧泻艽蟮暮锰?，可以向他人展示才華。故選D。
20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第—段“Scial media is ne f the fastest-grwing industries in the wrld tday…The wide use f scial media has changed nearly all parts f teenagers lives.”可知，社交媒體是當(dāng)今世界上發(fā)展最快的行業(yè)之—，社交媒體的廣泛傳播改變了青少年生活的幾乎所有部分，主要從三個(gè)方面的改變進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。由此可知，本文的主題是社交媒體對(duì)青少年的影響。故選B。
（2023·安徽宿州·統(tǒng)考二模）
Huang Yu’s belved cat Dasuan died. Huang was quite sad. But 66 days later, Dasuan “cme back”. Huang gt a new cat that lks almst the same as Dasuan thanks t clning (克隆) technlgy.
Dasuan is China’s first clned cat. The cat was brn inside a lab wned by a cmpany in Beijing. T clne the cat, the cmpany’s experts tk cells (細(xì)胞) frm Dasuan and created an embry (胚胎). Then they put it int a cat mther.
In fact, clning pets is nt a new thing. In 2001, the wrld’s first clned cat was brn in the US. In 2005, the wrld’s first clned dg was brn in Suth Krea. Since cats have unique reprductive features, they are mre difficult t clne.
Hwever, there are arguments against pet clning. Thugh the clned pets cpy the dead pet’s appearance, they have different persnalities. That’s why pet wners have different pinins abut this. Sme pet lvers like Huang think a clne is a gd replacement fr their dead pets. But thers wrry that having the same appearance but a different persnality will lead t mre pain in the lng run. Knwing this, the cmpany says it hpes t use AI and ther technlgies t mve memries t clned pets in the future.
Mrever, scientists think clned pets aren’t as healthy as naturally brn pets. They may live shrter lives. Sme animal lvers think clning pets is unacceptable because a large number f hmeless animals still need hmes. They say there is n need t clne.
21．Hw des the writer begin the text?
A．By giving an example.B．By listing sme numbers.
C．By asking a questin.D．By explaining sme facts.
22．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t (指的是)?
A．The embry.B．The cell.C．The pet.D．The cat.
23．What is the best title (標(biāo)題) fr the text?
A．The first clned cat.B．A belved pet cat.
C．Hw t clne pets?D．Shuld we clne pets?
【答案】21．A 22．A 23．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了克隆寵物的事情，以及人們對(duì)克隆寵物的不同看法。
21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Huang Yu’s belved cat Dasuan died. Huang was quite sad. But 66 days later, Dasuan ‘cme back’. Huang gt a new cat that lks almst the same as Dasuan thanks t clning technlgy.”可知，作者通過(guò)列舉黃雨的例子開始寫文章，故選A。
22．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“T clne the cat, the cmpany’s experts tk cells frm Dasuan and created an embry.”可知，是把胚胎植入貓媽媽體內(nèi)，所以it指代“胚胎”，故選A。
23．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要講述了克隆寵物的事情，以及人們對(duì)克隆寵物的不同看法，所以選項(xiàng)D“我們應(yīng)該克隆寵物嗎？”適合做標(biāo)題，故選D。
（2023·江西九江·統(tǒng)考二模）
China and Western cuntries may have different cultural beliefs abut certain animals, but when it cmes t pigs, we have smehw reached an agreement—that pigs are ugly, lazy, stupid and shameless.
Just lk at the idims (習(xí)語(yǔ)) and phrases in ur languages. In Chinese, we have the likes f “biling a dead pig”, and “a pig lking in the mirrr is still a pig”. And in English, there are idims such as “eating like a pig” and “sweating like a pig”. Nne f them are abut the gd nes.
In fact, science lng ag prved that pigs aren’t stupid at all. Accrding t a paper published in 2017 in the Internatinal Jurnal f Cmparative Psychlgy, pigs are “mentally and scially similar t dgs and chimpanzees”. They like t play. They have gd lng-term memries. And they knw the difference between thse wh treat them well and thse wh dn’t.
There are lvable pig characters in cartns, t. Peppa Pig, fr example, a UK televisin series that began in 2004, has nw becme ne f the mst ppular cartns in 180 cuntries and regins. The fur members in the cartn’s pig family teach children frm all arund the wrld abut lve, friendship and the value f family. And in China, the adventures f McDull shw the stry f a piglet wh wrks hard fr his dreams. Even thugh he keeps failing, he is never defeated.
“Peple are putting t much fcus n efficiency (效率) and immediate results, but McDull is slw and patient, and nt afraid f repeated failures,”said McDull’s creatr Brian Tse when she was prmting the film McDull, Kung Fu Ding Ding Dng in Beijing. “ He has a heart f gld.” Perhaps these are the qualities f pigs t keep in mind when we think f pigs again—their intelligence, cuteness, patience and inncence (純真).
24．Which is NOT the cmmn belief that China and Western cuntries may have abut pigs?
A．Ugly.B．Lvely.C．Lazy.D．Stupid.
25．What des the underlined wrd “them” in the secnd paragraph refer t?
A．the idimsB．sme pigsC．certain cartnsD．a(chǎn)ll pig characters
26．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Pigs have gd shrt-term memries.
B．McDull puts t much fcus n efficiency.
C．Peppa Pig teaches peple abut lve, friendship and the value f family.
D．McDull, Kung Fu Ding Ding Dng is a ppular televisin series that began in 2004.
27．What des the underlined wrd “defeated” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．succeededB．beatenC．a(chǎn)chievedD．challenged
28．What is the purpse f writing this passage?
A．T intrduce tw interesting cartns abut pigs.
B．T prve that pigs are ugly, lazy, stupid and shameless.
C．T shw pigs can be intelligent, cute , patient and inncent.
D．T share different beliefs abut pigs in China and Western cuntries.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了“小豬佩奇”和“麥兜”等影片打破了對(duì)豬的刻板印象，描述了豬的一些美好特性。
24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“but when it cmes t pigs, we have smehw reached an agreement—that pigs are ugly, lazy , stupid and shameless.”可知，中國(guó)和西方對(duì)于豬的印象都是丑陋、懶惰、愚蠢和無(wú)恥，沒有提及可愛，故選B。
25．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Just lk at the idims (習(xí)語(yǔ)) and phrases in ur languages. In Chinese, we have the likes f ‘biling a dead pig’ , and ‘a(chǎn) pig lking in the mirrr is still a pig’. And in English, there are idims such as ‘eating like a pig’ and ‘sweating like a pig’.”可知，此處指這些成語(yǔ)沒有一個(gè)是關(guān)于好的，所以them指“這些成語(yǔ)”，故選A。
26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The fur members in the cartn’s pig family teach children frm all arund the wrld abut lve, friendship and the value f family.”可知，動(dòng)畫片給孩子們傳授愛、友誼和家庭價(jià)值觀。所以選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)法正確，故選C。
27．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Even thugh he keeps failing, he is never defeated.”可知，盡管它不斷失敗，但是它從未放棄，所以推測(cè)defeated意為“被擊敗的”，與beaten同義，故選B。
28．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了“小豬佩奇”和“麥兜”等影片打破了對(duì)豬的刻板印象，描述了豬的一些美好特性。選項(xiàng)C“展示豬可以聰明、可愛、耐心和天真?！狈项}意，故選C。
（2023·福建廈門·福建省廈門第六中學(xué)?？级＃?br>My dad gave me a piece f advice when I was a knw-it-all teenager. He said, “Never say in anger what yu dn’t mean, because yu can say yu’re srry, but yu can’t take it back. It has the pwer f life and death.” That means ur wrds can either speak f life, r can speak f death.
We may all experience the pwer f wrds in ur life, even when we were very yung. A child is criticized by teachers r parents fr bad grades, and after that, he might prbably think f himself as a stupid child. Mst f us have that experience. They say it is imprtant t praise children fur times fr each negative wrd. Criticizing will make things wrse, while psitive wrds are helpful especially when smene is in truble r in need. When we fail the exam, encuraging wrds frm ur teachers r parents make us wrk harder at ur lessns. Encuraging wrds can g quite a lng way. They cheer peple up. Fr example, encuraging wrds t smene wh is sad can help him make it thrugh the day. Wrds can have a pwerful effect n yur brain. And it will have a great influence n yur actin, t.
Everything yu d depends n what yu chse t d. It’s nt yur parents, yur past relatinships r yur jb, but it’s yu wh are respnsible fr every gal yu set. If yu have dreams in life, write them dwn and speak them ut. Yur wrds are likely t bring yu ut smething amazing. S hw d we deal with ur tngue later?
29．The underlined wrd “It” in Paragraph 1 refers t “______”.
A．ur angerB．the writer’s advice
C．what yu sayD．ur experience
30．After being criticized fr bad grades, Mike may think ______.
A．he is nt smartB．the teacher is unfair
C．the paper is t difficultD．he will be lucky
31．What des a student need the mst when in truble?
A．Sme safety tips.B．Sme useful practice.
C．Negative wrds.D．Psitive wrds.
32．What can have a psitive effect n a persn’s brain?
A．Failing an exam.B．Encuraging wrds.
C．Criticizing wrds.D．Easy lessns.
33．The passage mainly talks abut ______.
A．hw t cl urselvesB．hw t praise children
C．the experience f the writerD．the pwer f wrds
【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了語(yǔ)言的力量是巨大的，它可以讓一個(gè)人振作起來(lái)，也可以讓一個(gè)人萎靡不振。本文舉例闡述語(yǔ)言的力量對(duì)大腦和人們行為產(chǎn)生的影響。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Never say in anger what yu dn’t mean, because yu can say yu’re srry, but yu can’t take it back. It has the pwer f life and death.”可知，永遠(yuǎn)不要在生氣時(shí)說(shuō)出不是你本意的話，它擁有生與死的力量。此處It指代前文提到的“你說(shuō)出口的話”。故選C。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“A child is criticized by teachers r parents fr bad grades, and after that, he might prbably think f himself as a stupid child.”可知，一個(gè)孩子因?yàn)槌煽?jī)不好而被老師或父母批評(píng)，在那之后，他可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)愚蠢的孩子，故邁克被批評(píng)后可能會(huì)覺得自己不聰明。故選A。
31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“while psitive wrds are helpful especially when smene is in truble r in need”可知，當(dāng)學(xué)生遇到麻煩時(shí)，最需要的是積極的話語(yǔ)。故選D。
32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“When we fail the exam, encuraging wrds frm ur teachers r parents make us wrk harder at ur lessns. Encuraging wrds can g quite a lng way. They cheer peple up.”可知，鼓勵(lì)的話語(yǔ)會(huì)對(duì)人的大腦產(chǎn)生積極的影響。故選B。
33．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“That means ur wrds can either speak f life, r can speak f death.”及全文可知，文章介紹了語(yǔ)言的力量是巨大的，它可以讓一個(gè)人振作起來(lái)，也可以讓一個(gè)人萎靡不振。本文舉例闡述語(yǔ)言的力量對(duì)大腦和人們行為產(chǎn)生的影響。故選D。
（2023·浙江紹興·校聯(lián)考三模）
We take selfies(自拍) when we try n a new hat, play with ur pets r when we meet a friend whm we haven’t seen in a while. But des this crazy actually make sense? Is there any scientific explanatin fr it?
Well, yu shuld prbably ask James Kilner, a neurscientist(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家) at University Cllege Lndn. Thrugh ur lifetime we becme experts at reading and telling ther peple’s faces and facial expressins. Hwever, accrding t Kilner, we have a very pr understanding f ur wn faces since we have little experience f lking at them—we just feel them mst f the time.
This has been prved in sme studies in which peple were shwn phts f themselves and asked t match their facial expressins in the pictures. In mst cases, they failed t crrectly prduce the same facial expressins withut being able t see themselves in the mirrr, accrding t BBC．
T further test hw we actually sense ur wn faces, Kilner carried ut anther study. He shwed peple tw kinds f their wn pictures—ne had been edited(編輯) t lk less beautiful and the ne was made mre beautiful—and asked them t pick the versin which they thught lked mst like them. Kilner fund that mst peple chse the mre beautiful picture. This suggests that we usually think f urselves as better-lking than we actually are.
But what des it say abut selfies? Well, isn’t that clear? Selfies give us the pwer t create a pht—by taking it frm different angles(角度), with different pses, using filters(濾鏡) and s n—that better matches ur expectatins with ur actual faces.
“Yu suddenly have cntrl in a way that yu dn’t have in the real wrld.” Kilner tld the Canada-based CTA News. “Selfies allw yu t keep taking pictures until yu manage t take ne yu’re happy with”, he explained.
34．Hw des the writer lead in the tpic “selfie” in Paragraph 1?
A．By asking questins.B．By cmparing facts.
C．By giving examples.D．By explaining reasns.
35．We can learn frm Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 that peple are ________.
A．prud f the phts f their wn
B．a(chǎn)ble t remember their wn faces easily
C．mre interested in their faces in the mirrr
D．gd at understanding thers by their faces
36．Accrding t Kilner, taking selfies ________.
A．helps peple t imprve their skills f taking phts
B．meets peple’s needs t knw their wn faces better
C．makes peple pssible t reach their expectatin
D．ffers peple a way t cntrl the wrld
37．Which might be the best title f the passage?
A．What Is the SelfiesB．Why D Yu Take Selfies
C．Hw Can We Take SelfiesD．Wh Likes Taking Selfies
【答案】34．A 35．D 36．C 37．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文通過(guò)設(shè)問引出“自拍”的話題，并論述人們?yōu)槭裁匆白耘摹薄?br>34．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)“But des this crazy actually make sense? Is there any scientific explanatin fr it?”可知，作者在第一段通過(guò)設(shè)問的方式引出“自拍”的話題。故選A。
35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thrugh ur lifetime we becme experts at reading and telling ther peple’s faces and facial expressins.”可知，在人們的一生中，人們成了觀察和辨別他人面部表情的專家。也就是說(shuō)，人們善于通過(guò)面部來(lái)理解他人。故選D。
36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ Selfies give us the pwer t create a pht—by taking it frm different angles(角度), with different pses, using filters(濾鏡) and s n—that better matches ur expectatins with ur actual faces.”可知，“自拍”可以讓人們從不同的角度、以不同的姿勢(shì)，并采用濾鏡等工具獲得有可能達(dá)到他們期望的照片。故選C。
37．最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文并根據(jù)“But what des it say abut selfies...”及“Selfies allw yu t keep taking pictures until yu manage t take ne yu’re happy with...”可知，文章主要論述人們?yōu)槭裁匆白耘摹?。所以，文章的最佳?biāo)題為“你為什么‘自拍’”。故選B。
（一）（2023·浙江湖州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
①Chinese calligraphy (書法) was nce cnsidered an imprtant part f the schl curriculum (課程). Hwever, fr many reasns, sme peple think it’s less imprtant t teach this art frm at schl nw. In this article, I will lk at bth the prs and cns f learning Chinese calligraphy at schl.
②One reasn why Chinese calligraphy shuld be learned at schl is that it is an imprtant frm f culture expressin. Clearly, it is nt just abut practicing handwriting. It is als abut cnnecting with a traditinal Chinese art frm. When students learn this art in class, they will becme mre interested in the wrks f famus Chinese artists.
③Anther reasn is that it may help students t develp patience. At the times f high technlgy, students are getting less patient fr traditinal classrm learning. By intrducing Chinese calligraphy int the classrm, students’ patience can be imprved because they have t practice fcusing n each brush mvement.
④Frm the abve, it can be seen that there are clear advantages. Hwever, thers think there are sme disadvantages. The first ne is that it has little t d with students’ life. Living in a mdern age, pens and paper will lse their imprtance by and by. S, wuldn’t it be a backward (倒退的) step if students were asked t spend their valuable time at schl learning Chinese calligraphy?
⑤The secnd argument against learning Chinese calligraphy at schl is that it takes a lng time t master. The time at schl is better spent n mre imprtant subjects. After all, learning Chinese calligraphy can always be dne as an after-schl activity if students are really interested in it.
⑥In my pinin, the advantages far utweigh the disadvantages. This special art frm is ne f China’s natinal treasures. It als helps t enrich students’ life and imprve their sense f beauty. S withut dubt, it is wrth being included in the schl curriculum.
38．Which f the fllwing is the structure f the passage?
A．B．
C． D．
39．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．High technlgy can help students becme mre patient.
B．Students shuld spend mre time n after-schl activities.
C．Learning Chinese calligraphy gets mre ppular in the mdern age.
D．Students may like art wrks better after learning Chinese calligraphy.
40．What des the writer prbably think f learning Chinese calligraphy?
A．Imprtant and necessary.B．Valuable but backward.
C．Ppular and interesting.D．Meaningful but bring.
【答案】38．C 39．D 40．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)書法的利弊。
38．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段引出本文主題；第二段和第三段主要分析了在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)書法的原因，第四段和第五段介紹了學(xué)習(xí)書法的弊端；最后一段作者發(fā)表了自己的看法。故選C。
39．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“When students learn this art in class, they will becme mre interested in the wrks f famus Chinese artists.”可知，學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)書法后，學(xué)生可能會(huì)更喜歡藝術(shù)作品。故選D。
40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“This special art frm is ne f China’s natinal treasures. It als helps t enrich students’ life and imprve their sense f beauty. S withut dubt, it is wrth being included in the schl curriculum”可知，作者認(rèn)為這種特殊的藝術(shù)形式是中國(guó)的國(guó)寶之一。這也有助于豐富學(xué)生的生活，提高他們的美感。因此，毫無(wú)疑問，它值得被納入學(xué)校課程，由此可知作者認(rèn)為它既重要也是很有必要。故選A。
（二）（2023·內(nèi)蒙古·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
I am sure yu knw the stry f the turtle（烏龜） and the rabbit. It taught peple many lessns. One f these lessns is that peple wh have all the advantages （the fast-jumping rabbit） can be beaten by thse wh have nthing but inner strength （內(nèi)在的力量） （the slw turtle）.
It is true that the race f life, just like the ne between the rabbit and the turtle, is ften unfair. Sme kids have all the luck. They were brn healthy and their parents are rich. These kids wear nice clthes and they always have much mney t buy anything they like. But many ther kids have nne f these things. They have t depend n their inner strength alne.
_______, this is nt true. In fact, the “turtles” —kids frm pr families —have sme f the mst imprtant things fr success. They are determined（有決心的） and hard-wrking. They mve frward slwly but with great inner strength.
A student frm Tsinghua University shared his persnal experience nline. He chse t get a part-time jb and study hard while his classmates were having fun utside. He knew there wuld be plenty f time fr fun nce he had vercme all f the difficulties. His stry may have encuraged “turtles”. The race f life is lng. Even if yu get ff t a slw start, yu can easily catch up if yu make up yur mind t d s.
41．What can we learn frm the stry f the turtle and the rabbit?
A．A persn wh has nthing can succeed easily.
B．A persn wh has advantages can succeed.
C．A persn wh has inner strength can get successful finally.
D．A persn wh wrks withut rest can get successful easily.
42．Why des the writer say “the race f life is ften unfair”?
A．All the peple have different dreams.B．Peple are treated differently in life.
C．Everyne wants t win the race.D．Nt everyne has the same starting pint.
43．Which f the fllwing sentences can be put in the _______?
A．While many peple believe the “rabbits” are always successful.
B．While many peple believe the “turtles” are always successful.
C．Because many peple believe the “rabbits” are always successful
D．Because many peple believe the “turtles” are always successful
44．The writer mentined a student frm Tsinghua University in rder t _______.
A．intrduce his experience in Tsinghua University
B．encurage us t enter gd universities
C．shw us the imprtance f studying in the university
D．supprt his idea that pr students have special things fr success
45．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T advise us t try new things.B．T tell us hw t succeed quickly.
C．T shw us the pwer f inner strength.D．T encurage us t take races in life.
【答案】41．C 42．D 43．A 44．D 45．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文通過(guò)龜兔賽跑的故事告訴我們：即使你起步很慢，只要你下定決心，你也很容易趕上。
41．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“One f these lessns is that peple wh have all the advantages （the fast-jumping rabbit） can be beaten by thse wh have nthing but inner strength”可知擁有所有優(yōu)勢(shì)的人可能會(huì)被那些只有內(nèi)在力量的人打敗。故選C。
42．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sme kids have all the many ther kids have nne f these things”可知一些孩子什么都有，但是很多其他的孩子什么都沒有，他們的起點(diǎn)不一樣，所以生命的賽跑往往是不公平的。故選D。
43．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“In fact, the ‘turtles’ —kids frm pr families —have sme f the mst imprtant things fr success”可知來(lái)自貧困家庭的孩子有成功需要的最重要的東西，由此可推測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞前表示很多人認(rèn)為“兔子”可能更容易成功，選項(xiàng)A“盡管許多人相信‘兔子’總是成功的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
44．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“His stry may have encuraged ‘turtles’. The race f life is lng. Even if yu get ff t a slw start, yu can easily catch up if yu make up yur mind t d s.”可知他的故事可能鼓勵(lì)了“海龜”，生命的賽跑是漫長(zhǎng)的。即使你起步很慢，只要你下定決心，你也很容易趕上，所以舉這個(gè)例子是為了支持他的觀點(diǎn)，即貧困學(xué)生有特殊的成功因素。故選D。
45．主旨大意題。本文通過(guò)龜兔賽跑的故事告訴我們：即使你起步很慢，只要你下定決心，你也很容易趕上，即向我們展示內(nèi)在的力量的強(qiáng)大。故選C。
（三）（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Mst f us cannt imagine mdern life withut scial media(社交媒體). We use it almst every day in rder t keep up with what is happening in ur friends’ lives, r find ut the latest infrmatin. Althugh it has a bad influence if we dn’t use it prperly, scial media has dne mre gd than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can cnnect with peple much mre easily. We are still able t keep in tuch with ur friends if they are far away. With scial media, friendship ges beynd gegraphy. We are able t find friends ld and new. Als, it makes it easier fr us t make friends, especially fr thse wh are afraid f making friends face t face. Are yu shy? If yes, scial media has prbably helped.
Scial media is als ideal fr making yurself heard. Anyne with a vice can express it. Anyne with a talent is free t shw it. Everyne is the new cntent creatr. Mrever, anyne with a smartphne and the Internet can be a reprter. As a result, it has becme much faster t cver the news than ever befre.
Scial media, n the ther hand, can make us less cnfident smetimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library f Science, fund that the mre a persn uses scial media, the sadder he feels abut his wn life. One reasn fr this is that peple arund us put clurful infrmatin and perfect pictures nline in rder t shw ff their best mment. S we ften get a distrted sense f hw wnderful their lives are cmpared t ur wn.
Scial media des nt cause sadness; it simply prvides anther tl fr us t use. Is it gd r bad? Nbel Peace Prize winner Malala Yusafzai says, “What is interesting is the pwer and influence f scial media ... We must try t use scial media in a gd way.” After all, yu decide hw yu use this pwerful tl.
46．What is the greatest advantage f scial media accrding t the passage?
A．Expressing ur vices freely.B．Shwing ur talents t thers.
C．Recrding the best side f ur life.D．Cnnecting with peple mre easily.
47．What des the wrd “distrted” prbably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．clearB．differentC．incrrectD．simple
48．Which picture shws the structure(結(jié)構(gòu)) f the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A．B．
C．D．
49．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Scial Media: Our Friend Or Enemy?B．Scial Media: T Use Or Nt T Use?
C．Scial Media: Cnnecting The WrldD．Scial Media: Making Yurself Heard
【答案】46．D 47．C 48．B 49．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了社交媒體的利弊。
46．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The greatest advantage is that we can cnnect with peple much mre easily.”可知最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是我們可以更容易地與人聯(lián)系。故選D。
47．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“One reasn fr this is that peple arund us put clurful infrmatin and perfect pictures nline in rder t shw ff their best mment. S we ften get a distrted sense f hw wnderful their lives are cmpared t ur wn.”可知我們周圍的人把豐富多彩的信息和完美的圖片放在網(wǎng)上，以展示他們最美好的時(shí)刻，因此，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)有不正確的感覺，與我們自己的生活相比，他們的生活是多么美好，故此處劃線部分意為“不正確的”，和incrrect意義相近。故選C。
48．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文第一段引出話題；第二第三段介紹了社交媒體的好處；第四段介紹了社交媒體的弊端；第五段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，選項(xiàng)B符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。
49．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹了社交媒體的利弊，以選項(xiàng)A“社交媒體：我們的朋友還是敵人？”為標(biāo)題最合適。故選A。
（四）（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Cmputer scientist Mary has an idea fr a new rbt t help her wrk with children. Hw shuld it lk? The rbt shuld have arms t be able t lift things. And if it is ging t cmmunicate with peple, it will als need a face. Scientists believe that giving a rbt a face can make it seem mre friendly. Humans wuld als like t pay mre attentin t rbts with faces. But what kind?
Fr Mary, she wants t make sure that her new rbt desn’t lk t much like a human. She wants peple t just treat it as a machine-persn. If it lks mre like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary als believes that rbt faces dn’t need t lk a lt like urs. Her research shws that we can enjy cmmunicating with rbts whether r nt they lk like humans, because ur brains are able t lk fr faces. Just put tw circles n tp f a rbt’s bdy, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that althugh at first we might be afraid when seeing a rbt with a lifelike face, we may sn get used t it. If rbts are ging t wrk clsely with humans, they shuld lk as much like us as pssible. After all, faces are an imprtant part f the way we cmmunicate.
T make his rbts lk as much like real peple as pssible, Dave invented a special skin (皮膚) fr their faces. With this skin, rbts can shw human-like expressins and appear t be angry, sad, happy r surprised. Dave’s rbts are als prgrammed t cpy expressins. Hw? Just imagine his rbt is lking at yu. The cameras in its eyes send pictures f yur face t its central cmputer!
50．Why d scientists think a rbt needs a face?
A．It will becme mre beautiful.B．It can d better in lifting things.
C．It will pay mre attentin t children.D．It can better cmmunicate with peple.
51．What des the underlined wrd “creepy” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Uncmfrtable t lk at.B．Impssible t tuch.
C．Bring t talk t.D．Difficult t understand.
52．Which f the fllwing wuld Dave mst prbably agree with?
A．Peple shuld treat rbts as humans.
B．Rbts need t express their wn feelings.
C．Rbts shuldn't lk t much like humans.
D．Peple can easily accept rbts with a human face.
53．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T explain the reasns why rbts shuld have faces.
B．T suggest what humans can d with rbts with faces.
C．T share ideas n what kind f faces rbts shuld have.
D．T shw hw scientists invent rbts with different faces.
【答案】50．D 51．A 52．D 53．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹兩個(gè)人對(duì)機(jī)器人是否要有人形臉持有的不同看法。
50．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“And if it is ging t cmmunicate with peple, it will als need a face.”可知要與人交流，故需要臉。故選D。
51．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“If it lks mre like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid.”可知?jiǎng)澗€詞與“feel afraid”并列，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)是“看著不舒服”。故選A。
52．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“He believes that althugh at first we might be afraid when seeing a rbt with a lifelike face, we may sn get used t it.”可知盡管機(jī)器人有人形臉可能一開始看起來(lái)令人害怕，但是我們會(huì)很快適應(yīng)，說(shuō)明人們能輕松地接受人形臉的機(jī)器人。故選D。
53．主旨大意題。本文主要討論機(jī)器人需要什么臉型，C項(xiàng)符合。故選C。
（五）（2023·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
It is cmmnly believed that children are t yung t fully appreciate (欣賞) the experience and knwledge f their elders, while many think that ld peple dn’t understand the yung. But actually (事實(shí)上), bth grups have a lt t learn frm each ther.
James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Hme in my city. It is mainly an rganizatin (機(jī)構(gòu)) fr serving the elderly. But nt all f its visitrs are ld peple. The hme als includes a childcare center fr pre-schl kids. There is a playgrund in the care hme, where the elderly can play with the kids. In this way, they can learn mre abut each ther, and respect (尊重) and understand ne anther.
I suppse this is quite an interesting idea. Fr ne thing, we live in a wrld where there are mre and mre ld peple. The wrld is facing this prblem and its ppulatin ages. It will be imprtant fr yung peple t be able t understand and care fr the elderly in the cming years.
Regretfully, my wn grandparents weren’t arund when I was little, as they had already passed away. I never gt t learn what the wrld was like thrugh their eyes, r what kinds f prblems they might have faced when they were my age. T me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard t understand r explain.
Hwever, I think I can still learn frm ther peple f lder generatins (輩). I might find sme f their ideas ut f date, and they might believe that my generatin’s way f thinking is strange r incrrect. But we can still learn frm each ther anyway.
54．What is special abut the Smith’s Care Hme?
A．It is nly a childcare center actually.
B．The elderly lk after kids carefully there.
C．It accepts bth the elderly and pre-schl kids.
55．In the writer’s pinin (觀點(diǎn)),what prblem is the wrld facing?
A．There are mre and mre ld peple.
B．The wrld’s ppulatin is drpping rapidly.
C．The wrld is shrt f care hmes fr ld peple.
56．What des the underlined wrd “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．笑話B．悲劇C．謎團(tuán)
57．Hw des the writer develp his/her idea in this text?
A．By giving examples.B．By listing numbers.C．By raising questins.
58．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T explain why the wrld’s ppulatin ages.
B．T encurage different generatins t learn frm each ther.
C．T shw that lder generatins’ ways f thinking are incrrect.
【答案】54．C 55．A 56．C 57．A 58．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹人們常說(shuō)老年人不理解年輕人，而許多人認(rèn)為孩子太小，不能充分理解老年人的智慧。但事實(shí)上，這兩個(gè)群體都有很多可以互相學(xué)習(xí)的地方。
54．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Hme in my city. It is mainly an rganizatin (機(jī)構(gòu)) fr serving the elderly. But nt all f its visitrs are ld peple. The hme als includes a childcare center fr pre-schl kids.”可知，這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)服務(wù)的不止是老年人而且還有孩子，這是它的特殊之處。故選C。
55．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fr ne thing, we live in a wrld where there are mre and mre ld peple. The wrld is facing this prblem and its ppulatin ages.”可知，我們生活在一個(gè)老年人越來(lái)越多的世界，世界正面臨著這個(gè)問題和人口老齡化。故選A。
56．詞句猜測(cè)題。分析“T me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard t understand r explain.”可知，難以理解或解釋，所以是一個(gè)謎團(tuán)，故選C。
57．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段和第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者通過(guò)舉例來(lái)發(fā)展自己的觀點(diǎn)，故選A。
58．主旨大意題。本文主要想表明老年人和年輕人這兩個(gè)群體都有很多可以互相學(xué)習(xí)的地方，故選B。
（六）（2023·浙江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Rger Federer, a wrld-famus sprts star, quit(放棄) the 2020 Olympic Games t deal with his knee prblem. It was a hard decisin because n ne wanted t be a quitter. But finding the curage t let g can be gd fr yu.
Nthing is fun all the time. Sticking at smething difficult teaches us imprtant skills like perseverance(毅力). Hwever, learning t let g when things aren’t right is imprtant t. Maybe yur heart isn’t in playing the pian any mre, r yu nly play ftball because yur friends d and yu want t try a different sprt instead. Making the decisin t walk away can free up time and energy t spend n smething yu really enjy. In fact, studies shw that letting g f gals yu can’t reach, r dn’t really want, can build up yur cnfidence and help yu lead a happier and healthier life.
But hw can yu knw it’s time t stp and mve n? Eric Bean is an expert in sprts psychlgy(心理學(xué)) wh helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter f black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully abut why yu aren’t enjying smething any mre. Is it because yu’ve argued with a teammate r can’t get n with a new art teacher? Talk abut this with a trusted adult r friend. That can help yu decide whether yu shuld stay and stick, r quit and mve n.
Quitting desn’t have t mean ttally giving up, thugh. Fr example, playing an instrument might be mre fun if yu take away the pressure f exams. If yu d decide t give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up anther where yu can still enjy things like teamwrk, creativity, and exercise.
59．The writer mentins “Rger Federer” in Paragraph 1 t shw that ________.
A．we shuld never give upB．we shuld get away frm truble
C．it’s all right t stp and quitD．it’s difficult t win Olympic medals
60．Accrding t Paragraph 2, learning t let g is imprtant because we can ________.
A．learn abut perseveranceB．have enugh mney t spend
C．live a busier and fuller lifeD．feel mre cnfident in urselves
61．By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.
A．it’s nt gd t stick at things we dn’t like
B．we shuld think twice befre quitting an activity
C．we dn’t have t take exams t shw ur true abilities
D．it’s wiser t pick up a new hbby than t keep the ld ne
62．Which culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Knwing When t StpB．Wrking Hard t Mve n
C．Learning Hw t Grw upD．Starting Early t Make Changes
【答案】59．C 60．D 61．B 62．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了人們應(yīng)該知道何時(shí)停止。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“But finding the curage t let g can be gd fr yu.”以及“In fact, studies shw that letting g f gals yu can’t reach, r dn’t really want, can build up yur cnfidence and help yu lead a happier and healthier life.”可知，以“Rger Federer”為例是為了說(shuō)明有時(shí)放棄也是好的，故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In fact, studies shw that letting g f gals yu can’t reach, r dn’t really want, can build up yur cnfidence and help yu lead a happier and healthier life.”可知，放棄你無(wú)法達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，或者你不想要的目標(biāo)，可以建立你的信心，幫助你過(guò)上更快樂、更健康的生活。故選D。
3．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“He suggests thinking carefully abut why yu aren’t enjying smething any mre.”可知，他建議仔細(xì)思考為什么不再享受某件事，也就是建議人們?nèi)级?，故選B。
4．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Quitting desn’t have t mean ttally giving up, thugh.”和“But hw can yu knw it’s time t stp and mve n?”可知，本文主要講述了人們應(yīng)該知道何時(shí)停止，故選A。
目錄
一
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)
掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向
二
考情分析
中考閱讀理解議論文考情分析
三
閱讀議論文的考向
細(xì)節(jié)理解題
推理判斷題
詞義猜測(cè)題
主旨大意題
5.提升必考題型歸納
四
真題感悟
中考閱讀議論文經(jīng)典考題精選

相關(guān)試卷

第04講 閱讀理解之記敘文（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）：

這是一份第04講 閱讀理解之記敘文（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版），共32頁(yè)。

第04講 閱讀理解之議論文（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）：

這是一份第04講 閱讀理解之議論文（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版），共29頁(yè)。

第04講 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（講義）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）：

這是一份第04講 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（講義）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版），共26頁(yè)。

英語(yǔ)朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

第04講 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）

第04講 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）
第04講 閱讀理解之判斷正誤（講義）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）

第04講 閱讀理解之判斷正誤（講義）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）
第04講 閱讀理解之判斷正誤（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）

第04講 閱讀理解之判斷正誤（練習(xí)）中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）（解析版）
第04講 閱讀理解之議論文（練習(xí)）-備戰(zhàn)2024年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)之高效講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）

第04講 閱讀理解之議論文（練習(xí)）-備戰(zhàn)2024年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)之高效講練測(cè)（全國(guó)通用）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，請(qǐng)掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請(qǐng) 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
中考專區(qū)
歡迎來(lái)到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬(wàn)優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬(wàn)優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬(wàn)教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊(cè)
qrcode
二維碼已過(guò)期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊(cè)

手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)碼

手機(jī)號(hào)格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號(hào)

注冊(cè)即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊(cè)協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
微信注冊(cè)

注冊(cè)成功

返回
頂部