第04講閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（講義）-2024年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義（全國(guó)通用）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

中考總復(fù)習(xí)一般分為三輪：
1、第一輪復(fù)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的單元、章節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)。通過(guò)第一輪的復(fù)習(xí)，使學(xué)生系統(tǒng)掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和穩(wěn)定的知識(shí)框架。
2、第二輪復(fù)習(xí)打破章節(jié)界限實(shí)行大單元、小綜合、專題式復(fù)習(xí)。第二輪復(fù)習(xí)絕不是第一輪復(fù)習(xí)的壓縮文檔，而是一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合、鞏固、完善、提高的過(guò)程。復(fù)習(xí)的主要任務(wù)及目標(biāo)是：完成各部分知識(shí)的條理，歸納，糅合，使各部分知識(shí)成為一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。
3、第三輪復(fù)習(xí)是知識(shí)、能力深化鞏固的階段。復(fù)習(xí)資料的組織以中考題及模擬題為主，回扣教材，查缺補(bǔ)漏，進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練。同時(shí)，要教給學(xué)生一些必備的應(yīng)試技巧和方法，使學(xué)生有足夠的自信從容地面對(duì)中考。
?第04講閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（講義）
【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.熟練語(yǔ)篇類型和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)
2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問(wèn)方式
3.掌握不同題型的解題方法
【考情分析】
閱讀理解說(shuō)明文命題規(guī)律
說(shuō)明文是以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式用來(lái)說(shuō)明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過(guò)揭示概念來(lái)說(shuō)明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)知識(shí)或正確思想。一般可分為實(shí)體事物說(shuō)明和抽象事物說(shuō)明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書、廣告、解說(shuō)詞及科學(xué)小品等都屬于說(shuō)明文。
閱讀說(shuō)明文體裁的文章時(shí)應(yīng)首先抓住下面的重要信息：
A. 說(shuō)明的對(duì)象
B. 說(shuō)明對(duì)象的特征
C. 說(shuō)明的方法（例證法；定義法；分類法；因果關(guān)系法；比較對(duì)照法；過(guò)程分析法）
【名師解難】
說(shuō)明文閱讀理解的特征
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個(gè)方面，即wh → what → when → where → hw → why。
1. wh：?jiǎn)柕氖沁@篇文章的主體是誰(shuí)？（即所要說(shuō)明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：?jiǎn)柕氖侵黧w做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的？（即何時(shí)何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）
4. hw：通過(guò)什么方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的？
5. why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做說(shuō)明文閱讀理解題的時(shí)候，一定要記住上面的wh-wrd。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點(diǎn)，把握全文。
說(shuō)明文閱讀理解的解題技巧
閱讀說(shuō)明類文章重在把握被說(shuō)明事物各因素之間的聯(lián)系，如因果、條件、從屬、并列等；以及說(shuō)明方法，如定義、例釋、類比等?？忌鷳?yīng)加強(qiáng)此類文章的閱讀訓(xùn)練，不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問(wèn)題的能力。首先我們平時(shí)要多關(guān)注科學(xué)題材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知識(shí)；其次，在閱讀時(shí)要注意實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的和結(jié)果，不能憑想象和猜測(cè)下結(jié)論；對(duì)于較難理解的句子要利用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)去分析；最后，要利用文章特點(diǎn)找準(zhǔn)主題句，把握中心，從而一一破解題目。
一、解題技巧
技巧一快速讀題，正確理解題干，定位關(guān)鍵詞，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。
技巧二運(yùn)用正確的閱讀策略，變速閱讀文章，學(xué)會(huì)處理文中的冗余信息。
技巧三注意特殊語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，在含有關(guān)鍵詞的句子處標(biāo)上題號(hào)。
技巧四注意正確項(xiàng)和干擾項(xiàng)的特征，回到文中確定答案。
技巧五合理猜測(cè)，推敲生詞的含義。
技巧六符合題目要求，對(duì)信息進(jìn)行必要的加工處理。
二、解題方法
先讀懂文章，然后按順序答題。此方法適合內(nèi)容較易于理解和記憶的文章。
先讀試題再讀文章，這樣我們可以帶著問(wèn)題有的放矢地閱讀文章，迅速選出答案。
先閱讀一篇文章，把握中心大意，然后開始答題，對(duì)暫時(shí)確定不了的答案，可回讀文章的有關(guān)內(nèi)容并對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、推敲后再確定。
對(duì)拿不準(zhǔn)的答案，可先逐項(xiàng)排除自己有把握的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，再將剩下的答案進(jìn)行比較、篩選，直到確定最佳答案。
三、注意事項(xiàng)
1. 限時(shí)閱讀：嚴(yán)格控制做題時(shí)間，具體到每一篇文章，通過(guò)有意識(shí)的訓(xùn)練，達(dá)到時(shí)間分配上的合理性。
2. 帶著問(wèn)題讀：先快速瀏覽一遍題目，再開始閱讀文章，有針對(duì)性的閱讀會(huì)提升速度。
3. 找對(duì)應(yīng)詞句：中考閱讀理解的答案都會(huì)聚焦到文章的詞或句子上，在做題時(shí)找到相應(yīng)的原文，并進(jìn)行勾勒、標(biāo)注，重點(diǎn)理解，有助于排除疑慮，且方便檢查。
4. 重點(diǎn)注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句：中考閱讀理解的材料都是有鮮明的中心句的，把握好中心句有助于全篇的理解。中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句，需要特別注意。
5. 理解作者意圖：切勿將自己的意圖強(qiáng)加到文章中，特別是在做主旨大意題時(shí)。
【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】
中考英語(yǔ)中的說(shuō)明文，按照說(shuō)明對(duì)象的不同，通常可分為兩種類型：事物性說(shuō)明文和事理性說(shuō)明文。
以河南省中考閱讀C篇分析來(lái)看：
說(shuō)明文答題技巧
分析2023年各地區(qū)說(shuō)明文類閱讀理解，大都考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題以及主旨大意題
細(xì)節(jié)理解題
命題規(guī)律：
細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，命題人往往通過(guò)對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來(lái)考查考生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例，幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的“半壁江山”。這類題考點(diǎn)可以源自段內(nèi)的單句信息理解，也可以來(lái)自段落內(nèi)綜合信息的理解。考查內(nèi)容涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類的細(xì)節(jié)。
命題方式：
1.特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when，where，what.which，wh，hw much/many等疑問(wèn)詞開頭引出問(wèn)題。
2.填空題形式。通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。
題型和考查角度：
1.高頻考點(diǎn)：直接信息題；間接信息題。
2.中頻考點(diǎn)：數(shù)字計(jì)算題；
3.低頻考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)排序題；正誤判斷題。
解題原則：注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系，依附原文，杜絕主觀臆斷。
解題技巧：
第一步：審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息；
第二步：速讀定位原文信息句，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換；
第三步：逐一核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)辨別，得出答案。
解題原則：對(duì)原文中能直接排除的進(jìn)行篩選，不能直接找到的多處相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合轉(zhuǎn)換。
推理判斷題
推理判斷題是中考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一, 包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，是考生失分率較高的題型。考查考生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，且由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義詞及長(zhǎng)難句來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。
題型和考查角度：
1.高頻考點(diǎn)：隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
2.低頻考點(diǎn)：文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。
錯(cuò)誤原因：
1. 主觀臆斷
2. 缺乏邏輯
3. 過(guò)度推理
4. 缺乏常識(shí)
隱含推斷類題型
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出結(jié)論）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型
解題指導(dǎo)：
瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)
抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；
整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無(wú)論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類題型
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等，如attitude（態(tài)度），utstanding（優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反對(duì)）, in favr f（贊成）, 迅速確定題型。
解題指導(dǎo)：
認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向
關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)
注意作者或文中人物的措辭
分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；
牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見詞語(yǔ)
寫作意圖類題型
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告訴我們），write this passage t（寫這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。
解題指導(dǎo)：
根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫作意圖；
根據(jù)文體推斷寫作意圖
說(shuō)明文：其寫作意圖依賴于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（t intrduce, t explain, t infrm, t make cmparisns...）
詞義猜測(cè)題
命題規(guī)律：
詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解試題中的必考題型, 可以是對(duì)一個(gè)單詞意義的推斷，也可以是對(duì)一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子的推斷，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，可以考查替代詞的內(nèi)容。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語(yǔ)大多超出考綱的范圍，需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行推測(cè)其含義。
平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意生詞和短語(yǔ)的積累，還要掌握構(gòu)詞法，和一定的解題技巧。
題型和考查角度：
1.猜測(cè)生詞或熟詞生義。
2.猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)的意義。
3.猜測(cè)代替詞所替代的內(nèi)容。
4.猜測(cè)句意。
命題方式：
The phrase“...” in the sentence culd be replaced by“ ”.
The wrd “...”in the paragraph refer t“ ”.
What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the.. paragraph?
Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase“...”?
The wrd“...” mst nearly means“ ”.
The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .
解題技巧：
1.定位文中畫線處上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示點(diǎn)，根據(jù)背景、上下文等線索推測(cè)生詞詞義。
選項(xiàng)特征：
根據(jù)定義推測(cè)詞義：
有時(shí)作者會(huì)通過(guò)給詞匯下定義來(lái)幫助讀者理解該詞的基本含義，如線索詞that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。
根據(jù)舉例推測(cè)詞義：
有時(shí)，劃線部分后會(huì)根由一些具體的例子，這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠撛~的詞義。線索詞such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義：
表達(dá)對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。
根據(jù)同義詞或并列結(jié)構(gòu)推測(cè)詞義：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)和重復(fù)，會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞，此時(shí)，只要知道其中一個(gè)詞的意思，就能猜出另一個(gè)詞的意思。
根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)詞義：
英語(yǔ)中的很多詞匯，尤其是不斷出現(xiàn)的新詞大多是通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法生成的，因此，掌握主要的構(gòu)詞法有助于猜測(cè)詞義。
根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義：
因果關(guān)系時(shí)一種常見的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)線索詞as, since, because, fr , s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , 等可知上下句存在因果，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來(lái)確定另一句的含義。
主旨大意題
命題規(guī)律：
主旨大意題即考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力, 又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力，也對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。
題型和考查角度：
1.主題類：文章大意題和段落大意題(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.標(biāo)題類：標(biāo)題判斷題（選擇最佳標(biāo)題）。
要做好主旨大意題，我們首先必須了解其正確選項(xiàng)和干擾選項(xiàng)的特征。
選項(xiàng)特征：
命題方式：
What is the text mainly abut?
What is the best title fr the text?
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
What's the mainly abut?
What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?
不解題技巧：
說(shuō)明文：明文的主題句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼應(yīng)。
段落大意題
通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)或暗示概括段落大意
根據(jù)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)概括段落大意：要準(zhǔn)確概括段落大意，務(wù)必知道該段落的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段為總分順序組織，則主題句在段首；如該段為分總順序組織，則主題句在段尾；如該段為分總分順序組織，則主題句在段中；如該段對(duì)比各事物，則其異同點(diǎn)即為該段大意。一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭,其后是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在說(shuō)明文、論述文或新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種形式
通過(guò)暗示揣摩段落大意：有時(shí)，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通過(guò)情感態(tài)度等方法暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題，此時(shí)要根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)和線索綜合判斷去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
（一）
（2024·遼寧·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Peple are trying t build “green buildings” that are friendly t the envirnment. They might nt seem any different frm cmmn buildings. But let’s take a clser lk.
Stay cl and warm. It takes a lt f energy t light rms. It als takes energy t heat and cl buildings. S green buildings are designed t d all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulatin(隔熱材料)inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat utside in summer. This saves energy fr heating and cling. Sme green buildings dn’t need any radiatrs(散熱器)r air cnditining at all!
Save the trees. What a building is made frm can als help the planet. T save frests, sme green buildings have bamb flrs instead f wd. Bamb lks like wd, but it’s actually a grass. It grws back 20 times faster than a tree. Anther way t build green is t use recycled materials. That saves the cst and reduces pllutin f prducing smething new.
Make better hme. City planners like green buildings because they save mney and they are healthier fr the peple wh wrk and live inside. But yu dn’t need t build a whle new building. Simple changes like shading windws and planting trees can make any hme greener—and a better Earth hme fr us all.
As mre peple becme cncerned(擔(dān)憂的)abut climate change, mre buildings are ging green. Experts are finding new ways t build green buildings. We als need t change ur mind. Let’s take actin nw!
1．Hw des an energy-smart building save energy fr heating and cling?
A．It uses air cnditiners.B．It uses smart radiatrs.
C．It has special thick walls.D．It has fewer rm lights.
2．Bamb is used instead f wd in green buildings because ________
A．it is a recycled materialB．it grws back much faster
C．it can keep the rm warmD．it can save a lt f mney
3．In Paragraph 4, the writer advises us t ________
A．build a whle new green buildingB．pay attentin t climate change
C．make small changes t ur hmeD．use nly gas t ck ur meals
4．Hw is the text rganized?
(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …)
A．B．C．D．
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了環(huán)保建筑的好處以及呼吁人們趕緊行動(dòng)起來(lái)。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulatin(隔熱材料)inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat utside in summer. This saves energy fr heating and cling.”可知，厚墻內(nèi)的特殊材料可以用于節(jié)省能源，故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Bamb lks like wd, but it’s actually a grass. It grws back 20 times faster than a tree.”可知，因?yàn)樗纳L(zhǎng)速度是樹的20倍，故選B。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“But yu dn’t need t build a whle new building. Simple changes like shading windws and planting trees can make any hme greener—and a better Earth hme fr us all.”可知，對(duì)房屋作一些簡(jiǎn)單的改變，故選C。
4．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，第一段主要引出話題“環(huán)保建筑”；第二段到第四段主要講述“環(huán)保建筑”的好處；最后一段呼吁人們行動(dòng)起來(lái)，故選A。
（2023·河南周口·?？既＃?br>They’ve been extinct (滅絕) fr mre than 65 millin years. They left n pictures but libraries were filled with bks abut them. Yet, they live n in the imaginatins f peple. Mentin the wrd “dinsaur” t anyne and yu’re sure t have smething t talk abut.
We have knwn abut these strange living things fr mre than 200 years. Their fssil (化石) recrd was first discvered in 1818. The wrd “dinsaur” was created in 1842 by a scientist wh put tw Greek wrds tgether.
What we knw abut dinsaurs cmes nly thrugh the fssil recrd they left behind. We can get an idea f hw they lked by building their skeletns (骨架) with fssilized bnes and teeth. They must have been amazing as they twered high abve the ther living things f their time. We d knw that they lived n land and walked. Sme walked n tw legs. Others preferred fur legs. Sme were fast and thers were quite slw.
We have a pretty gd picture f their size and structure, but nt much else is knwn fr certain. Fr example, what clr were they? Nbdy knws. Did they cry like lins, r were their vices sweet and musical like birds? Again, hw can we knw? The fssil recrd des nt speak.
Keep in mind that what we dn’t knw abut dinsaurs is far greater than what we d knw abut them. As with a lt f researches abut that era, scientists ften have t read between the lines.
根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。
5．Which f the fllwing pictures is the dinsaur?
A．B．C．D．
6．When was the first dinsaur fssil discvered?
A．Almst 200 years ag.B．Over 200 years ag.
C．Mre than 65 millin years ag.D．Almst 200 millin years ag.
7．What are peple sure abut dinsaurs?
A．Clr and actin.B．Size and structure.
C．Sund and language.D．Persnality and feeling.
8．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A．Different kinds f dinsaurs.B．Several facts abut dinsaurs.
C．The size and structure f dinsaurs.D．Sme unknwn things abut dinsaurs.
9．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．The appearance f dinsaurs
B．The places where dinsaurs lived
C．The reasns why dinsaurs died ut
D．Knwn and unknwn facts abut dinsaurs
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了我們對(duì)恐龍的已知和未知。
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“they twered high abve the ther living things f their time”以及常識(shí)可知恐龍比那個(gè)時(shí)代的其他生物都要高，選項(xiàng)C符合。故選C。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“We have knwn abut these strange living things fr mre than 200 years. Their fssil (化石) recrd was first discvered in 1818”可知恐龍化石于1818年首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)，即200多年前。故選B。
7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“We have a pretty gd picture f their size and structure”可知我們對(duì)它們的大小和結(jié)構(gòu)有一個(gè)很好的了解。故選B。
8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“We have a pretty gd picture f their size and structure, but nt much else is knwn fr certain...”以及本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了關(guān)于恐龍的一些未知。故選D。
9．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹了我們對(duì)恐龍的已知和未知，以選項(xiàng)D“關(guān)于恐龍的已知和未知事實(shí)”為標(biāo)題最合適。故選D。
（2023·福建廈門·廈門外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）
A special seasn f Vice f China that sptlights（聚焦）n Yue Opera, a natinal intangible cultural heritage (非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)), was n Zhejiang TV.
Yue Opera, ne f the five majr Chinese peras (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Yu Opera in the rder f influence), is knwn as “Chinese drama” abrad. Yue pera started in Shaxing, Zhejiang and later became ppular in Shanghai. Xiasheng, Xiadan, Lasheng, Ladan, Xiachu, and Damian are the six majr rles in Yue Opera. Xiasheng are the yung man rles while Xiadan are the yung wman rles. Lasheng and Ladan refers t the lder man and wman rles. Xiachu usually play a fun rle. Damian are mstly treacherus (不忠的).
Wrking with the prvince’s department f culture and turism, Zhejiang TV tries t use the influence f Vice f China, which has wned a great audience (觀眾) grup in hme and abrad since 10 years ag, t creatively spread traditinal art frms amng yung audience.
The special seasn has kept the frm f Vice f China, inviting fur experienced perfrmers as team leaders t chse their team members. The team leaders have t sit with their back t the stage where the perfrmers wuld perfrm ne after anther. If smene’s singing wins their hearts, they can push a buttn t turn arund the chairs t see the face f the perfrmer.
Yung Yue Opera perfrmers are encuraged t shw the traditinal art creatively. Fr example, they wuld use guitar as the musical instrument in the pera r add mdern singing style int their perfrmance.
10．Accrding t the influence, Yue Opera is the ________ majr Chinese peras.
A．1stB．2ndC．3rdD．4th
11．Picture ________ shws the rle f Xiadan.
A．B．C．D．
12．Frm the passage, yu can learn the fllwing abut Yue Opera EXCEPT ________.
A．it has six majr rlesB．it started in Shanghai
C．it is an intangible cultural heritageD．it is knwn as “Chinese drama” abrad
13．The 4th paragraph mainly talks abut ________.
A．why Vice f China is ppularB．what perfrmers d in the shw
C．hw the special seasn runsD．wh the team leaders are
14．The tpic f the passage is abut ________.
A．business & turism B．science & future C．culture & artD．films & music
【答案】10．B 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了越劇是一種中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化藝術(shù)。文章詳細(xì)介紹了它的起源、它的特點(diǎn)、它的發(fā)展以及《中國(guó)好聲音》特別季的運(yùn)營(yíng)等。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yue Opera, ne f the five majr Chinese peras (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Yu Opera in the rder f influence)”可知，越劇是中國(guó)五大戲曲種類之一（京劇，越劇，黃梅戲，評(píng)劇，和豫劇，按影響力排序），可見，越劇是“中國(guó)第二大劇種”。故選B。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Xiasheng are the yung man rles while Xiadan are the yung wman rles.”可知，小旦是年輕女性的角色。故選B。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yue pera started in Shaxing, Zhejiang and later became ppular in Shanghai.”可知，越劇起源于浙江紹興，后來(lái)在上海流行起來(lái)。所以選項(xiàng)B描述錯(cuò)誤。故選B。
13．段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段“The special seasn has kept the frm f Vice f China, inviting fur experienced perfrmers as team leaders t chse their team members. ... If smene’s singing wins their hearts, they can push a buttn t turn arund the chairs t see the face f the perfrmer.”可知，《中國(guó)好聲音》特別季邀請(qǐng)了四位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的表演者作為團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來(lái)選擇他們的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員。表演者的歌聲贏得了他們的心，他們才會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)身看到演出者。由此可見，本段是在說(shuō)中國(guó)好聲音特別季是怎樣運(yùn)營(yíng)的。故選C。
14．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文由《中國(guó)好聲音》特別季引入越劇，進(jìn)而介紹越劇的起源、特點(diǎn)、角色等。由此推知文章的主題是關(guān)于文化和藝術(shù)的。故選C。
（2023·山西大同·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Have yu ever wndered what animals are talking abut? With the develpment f AI, we may be able t understand their languages!
In Prfessr Karen Bakker’s new bk, The Sunds f Life: Hw Digital Technlgy Is Bringing Us Clser t the Wrlds f Animals and Plants, she talks abut hw AI is helping us t make an animal versin（版本）.
All arund the animal kingdm（王國(guó)）, there are sunds that we can hardly pick up and decipher（破譯）. Fr example, elephants talk with each ther using infrasund（次聲波）far belw ur human hearing range. Cral（珊瑚）in the cean als sends sund waves t attract baby cral t safer areas t grw. This is surprising as cral desn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening equipment int these envirnments t pick up the sunds humans cannt hear.
After the sunds are recrded, AI can study their meaning. Fr example, Israeli researchers used AI t translate bats’ 15,000 calls. They fund that mre than 60 percent were arguments abut fur things: fd, sleep psitins（姿勢(shì)）, invasin（侵犯）, and unwanted advances（求愛）.
This technlgy can nt nly understand the animals but cmmunicate back t them. Fr example, bees use dances t cmmunicate. A research team in Germany, therefre, put the bee language AI system int a rbt bee. They asked the rbt t create a dance rutine（路線）t tell the bees where the nectar（花蜜）was, Vx reprted.
15．What des Karen Bakker’s new bk mainly talk abut?
A．Why humans shuld prtect animals.
B．Hw AI helps humans t understand animals.
C．When humans can get clser t animals.
16．Hw did elephants talk with each ther?
A．By using infrasund.B．By sending sund waves.C．By waving their big ears.
17．What des the underlined wrd “equipment” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A．耳機(jī)B．設(shè)備C．障礙
18．What can we infer（推斷）frm Paragraph 4?
A．Scientists have gt t knw hw bats argue with each ther.
B．Israeli researchers are the first t use AI t translate animals’ languages.
C．Scientists have been able t translate sme animals’ languages with AI technlgy.
19．Hw did scientists tell bees where the nectar was?
A．They trained ther bees t lead them there.
B．They asked a rbt bee t teach them a new language.
C．They made a rbt bee t tell the bees abut the rute by dancing.
【答案】15．B 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了人工智能技術(shù)如何幫助我們理解動(dòng)物語(yǔ)言。
15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In Prfessr Karen Bakker’s new bk, The Sunds f Life: Hw Digital Technlgy Is Bringing Us Clser t the Wrlds f Animals and Plants, she talks abut hw AI is helping us t make an animal versin”可知，這本書主要談?wù)摿巳斯ぶ悄苋绾螏椭覀冎谱鲃?dòng)物版。故選B。
16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“elephants talk with each ther using infrasund far belw ur human hearing range”可知，大象使用遠(yuǎn)低于人類聽覺范圍的次聲波相互交談。故選A。
17．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Scientists have placed listening equipment int these envirnments t pick up the sunds humans cannt hear.”可知，為了收集人類聽不到的聲音，需要一些設(shè)備，故此處劃線部分意為“設(shè)備”。故選B。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“After the sunds are recrded, AI can study their meaning...”可知，在聲音被記錄下來(lái)之后，人工智能可以研究它們的含義，由此推知科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)能夠用人工智能技術(shù)翻譯一些動(dòng)物的語(yǔ)言。故選C。
19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A research team in Germany, therefre, put the bee language AI system int a rbt bee. They asked the rbt t create a dance rutine（路線）t tell the bees where the nectar was”可知，他們讓機(jī)器人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)舞蹈程序，告訴蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。故選C。
（2023·吉林白城·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Feeling sweaty(流汗的) frm a summer heat wave? Dn’t wrry. Nt all yur sweat has t g t waste. Researchers frm University f Califrnia have develped a new device(裝置) that prduces energy frm the sweat n yur fingertips.
The device is called a bifuel cell(生物燃料細(xì)胞). Frm the utside, it lks like a simple piece f film cnnected t electrdes(電極). S hw des the device wrk? When yu stick the bifuel cell t yur finger, it takes in sweat. The enzymes(酶) n the electrdes then help t prduce electricity.
Besides using the sweat, the device als prduces small amunts f energy when it is pressed, s daily activities like typing, texting, r playing the pian are all gd ways t prduce electricity.
Sme peple may think it queer t chse fingertips as the surce f sweat, but in fact, they are the sweatiest part f the bdy. Each finger prduces between 100 and 1,000 times mre sweat than mst ther areas.
The device is the mst effective n-bdy energy prducer. Befre it is invented, mst pwer prducing wearable devices require wearers t perfrm exercise r depend n ther surces, such as sunlight r large changes in temperature. But the new device uses a system t prduce electricity frm sweat in yur fingertips, even if yu are sleeping r sitting cmpletely quietly. One f the researchers Lu Yin said, “Unlike ther sweat-pwered wearables, this ne requires n exercise, n physical input frm the wearer in rder t be useful. This wrk is a step frward t making wearables mre practical and cnvenient.
It’s als quite cmfrtable t wear the device. The size f the device is abut 1 cm2. “Yu can cmfrtably wear it fr a lng perid f time,” said Yin.
Hwever, at the mment, the device can nly stre up a little bit pwer. And it wuld take abut three weeks f cnstant(不斷的) wear t pwer a smart phne, but the researchers hpe t increase its pwer in the future.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。
20．The bifuel cell can ________.
A．prtect fingertips B．cause a heat waveC．make use f sweatD．develp new devices
21．What des the underlined wrd “queer” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Strange.B．Unsafe.C．Dirty.D．Traditinal.
22．Wearing the bifuel cell, wh can make the bifuel cell wrk?
①Edward has a gd sleep in his bed.
②Vetty sends a text message t her mm.
③Nick plays basketball with his classmates.
④Lily dried the sweat n her hands with a fan.
A．②③④B．①③④C．①②④D．①②③
23．What is the advantage f the bifuel cell?
A．It can influence the temperature greatly.
B．It can pwer a smart phne in a day.
C．It makes yu cmfrtable when yu are in pain.
D．It wrks fr nearly 24 hurs a day when yu wear it.
24．What’s the best title fr the passage?
A．The Histry f the Bifuel CellB．A Traditinal Technlgy—the Bifuel Cell
C．A New Technlgy—the Bifuel CellD．The Inventr f the Bifuel Cell
【答案】20．C 21．A 22．D 23．D 24．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了新科技生物燃料電池。
20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“When yu stick the bifuel cell t yur finger, it takes in sweat.”可知，當(dāng)你把生物燃料電池粘在手指上時(shí)，它會(huì)吸收汗液；根據(jù)“Besides using the sweat, the device als prduces small amunts f energy when it is pressed”可知，除了使用汗液，該設(shè)備在按壓時(shí)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生少量能量。由此推知生物燃料電池可以利用汗水，故選C。
21．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“chse fingertips as the surce f sweat”和“but in fact, they are the sweatiest part f the bdy.”可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為指尖的汗水比較少，所以利用指尖的汗水作為來(lái)源對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō)是很奇怪的，故選A。
22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“s daily activities like typing, texting, r playing the pian are all gd ways t generate electricity”可知，打字、發(fā)短信或彈鋼琴等日?；顒?dòng)都是發(fā)電的好方法；根據(jù)“even if yu are sleeping r sitting cmpletely stul.”可知，即使你在睡覺或坐著時(shí)完全僵硬，也能通過(guò)指尖的汗水產(chǎn)生電力。由此推斷，人們?nèi)粘ＫX（對(duì)應(yīng)①）、發(fā)信息（對(duì)應(yīng)②）還有運(yùn)動(dòng)（對(duì)應(yīng)③）都會(huì)讓生物燃料電池運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，故選D。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Yu can cmfrtably wear it fr a lng perid f time”可知，當(dāng)你戴著它的時(shí)候，它幾乎一天24小時(shí)都在工作。故選D。
24．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)本文介紹了一種新型的生物燃料電池。所以最好的標(biāo)題是“一種新技術(shù)——生物燃料電池”。故選C。
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）
Whenever we hear the name Lenard da Vinci, mst f us prbably think f his famus paintings the Mna Lisa and The Last Supper. But d yu knw that he als did well in many ther areas utside f art?
Lenard da Vinci was cnsidered t be ne f the mst talented and the cleverest peple f all time. He left behind many ntebks full f creative ideas and inventins. They were als full f different subjects that he was studying. He spelt wrds backwards（朝反方向）and revered（使……反轉(zhuǎn)）each letter. S his ntes culd nly be read thrugh the use f a mirrr. This “mirrr writing” might have helped prtect his ideas frm getting stlen by thers.
In his ntebks, there were designs fr flying machines. It wasn’t until abut 400 years later that peple learned hw t use machines t fly. Lenard da Vinci drew pictures and designs f war machines, musical instruments and many ther things as well.
Besides, he was als interested in the human bdy. He studied the human bdy a lt. He described different parts f the bdy in his ntebks. One f his mst famus drawings, the Vitruvian Man, imagines a man with perfect prprtins（比例）. Lenard da Vinci als studied the bdies f hrses, cws, frgs, mnkeys and ther animals.
Lenard da Vinci believed that science and art were clsely cnnected. In his pinin, the study f science and nature helped shape his wrk as an artist. D yu agree with him?
25．Which design f the fllwing didn’t Lenard da Vinci draw accrding t the passage?
A．War machines.B．Flying machines.C．Reversing mirrrs.D．Musical instruments.
26．The underlined wrd “They” in Paragraph 2 refers t ________.
A．Lenard da Vinci’s ntebksB．Lenard da Vinci’s paintings
C．Lenard da Vinci5s ideasD．Lenard da Vinci’s designs
27．Which f the fllwing was Lenard da Vinci’s idea ?
A．Science and his artwrks weren’t clsely cnnected.
B．Learning science helped him make better wrks f art.
C．All artists shuld learn t make scientific inventins.
D．The study f nature culdn’t imprve his wrk as an artist.
28．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
29．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T let us knw mre abut the Mna Lisa and The Last Supper.
B．T shw us sme f Lenard da Vinci’s flying machines.
C．T let us knw mre abut Lenard da Vinci.
D．T let us help find Lenard da Vinci’s special ntebks.
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了達(dá)·芬奇在藝術(shù)之外的其他領(lǐng)域也有卓越的表現(xiàn)。
25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In his ntebks, there were designs fr flying machines.”和“Lenard da Vinci drew pictures and designs f war machines, musical instruments and many ther things as well.”可知，達(dá)·芬奇畫過(guò)飛行器、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器、樂器等設(shè)計(jì)。沒有提到畫過(guò)翻轉(zhuǎn)的鏡子的設(shè)計(jì)。故選C。
26．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“He left behind many ntebks full f creative ideas and inventins. They were als full f different subjects that he was studying.”可知，他留下了許多充滿創(chuàng)意和發(fā)明的筆記本。它們也充滿了他正在研究的不同物品。因此代詞they指代“達(dá)·芬奇筆記本”。故選A。
27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In his pinin, the study f science and nature helped shape his wrk as an artist.”可知，在他看來(lái)，對(duì)科學(xué)和自然的研究有助于他塑造藝術(shù)作品。故選B。
28．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段引出話題，介紹達(dá)·芬奇在藝術(shù)之外的許多其他領(lǐng)域也有卓越的表現(xiàn)；第二至四段介紹了達(dá)·芬奇留下了許多充滿創(chuàng)意和發(fā)明的筆記本；第五段介紹達(dá)·芬奇對(duì)科學(xué)和藝術(shù)的關(guān)系的看法。因此選項(xiàng)B的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖符合本文內(nèi)容。故選B。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“But d yu knw that he als did well in many ther areas utside f art?”可知，本文主要介紹了達(dá)·芬奇在藝術(shù)之外的其他領(lǐng)域也有卓越的表現(xiàn)。因此本文的寫作目的是讓我們更了解達(dá)·芬奇。故選C。
（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
①Nwadays children mstly receive hngba nline thanks t the mbile payment apps such as Alipay and WeChat, which made the central bank t create a new kind f mney fr nline business. That’s hw the digital renminbi came int being. The digital trade has increased the types f payment tls. Yet the use f the digital renminbi faces sme challenges.
②First, with payment apps like Alipay and WeChat,a cmplete ecsystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) has been set up fr activities such as shpping, traveling, giving hngba and making payments. S in a shrt time, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake it.
③Secnd, payments thrugh the digital renminbi are put directly int digital accunts and trades can be cmpleted thrugh an electrnic machine, which may cause users t wrry abut the safety f their mney, especially when a user lses the mbile phne.
④Third, the public is nt attracted (吸引) t the digital renminbi because it has n appreciatin value. While peple have interest in bank depsit (存款), n interest is ffered n digital renminbi depsits.
⑤In fact, the first idea f the digital renminbi was t make trades easier fr buyers and sellers with the help f the Internet and mbile apps. And as a tl that can meet the needs f the public in many fields, it is likely t be widely used in the future.
30．What des “it” refer t?
A．The central bank.B．The safety f mney.
C．The cmplete payment ecsystem.D．The newly-made electrnic machine.
31．What des the writer think f the future f the digital renminbi?
A．Wrrying and dubtful.B．Impssible t get develped.
C．Challengeable but hpeful.D．Nt mentined in the passage.
32．What is the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
【答案】30．C 31．C 32．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了數(shù)字人名幣所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
30．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“a cmplete ecsystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) has been set up fr activities such as shpping, traveling, giving hngba and making payments. S in a shrt time, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake it.”可知，這里指一個(gè)完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)為購(gòu)物、旅游、發(fā)紅包和支付等活動(dòng)建立起來(lái)。所以短時(shí)間內(nèi)，“數(shù)字人民幣錢包”很難撼動(dòng)它，因此it指代上文的“完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”。故選C。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Yet the use f the digital renminbi faces sme challenges.”和“And as a tl that can meet the needs f the public in many fields, it is likely t be widely used in the future.”可知，作者認(rèn)為數(shù)字人名幣既面臨著一些挑戰(zhàn)，但仍然未來(lái)可期。故選C。
32．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)“Yet the use f the digital renminbi faces sme challenges.”可知，文章第一段點(diǎn)題；根據(jù)“First...”、“Secnd...”以及“Third...”可知，第二、三、四段分別描述數(shù)字人名幣面臨的挑戰(zhàn)；最后一段根據(jù)“In fact, is likely t be widely used in the future.”可知，是對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行總結(jié)，因此整個(gè)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)為“總分總”。故選B。
（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Mre yung Chinese peple like prducts with Chinese traditinal elements (元素).
Every mnth，Zhang Lingling hlds a party with her friends. They wear hanfu and sing sngs with music frm traditinal instruments. In additin, the 23-year-ld girl develped a mbile game that features (以……為特) a martial arts (武術(shù)) wrld full f traditinal cultures.
________ A reprt by Chinese shrt-vide platfrm Bilibili in February shws that ver 177 millin f the users lved vides featuring traditinal culture. Lking fr the reasn behind it，Ji Fangfang, a prfessr with the Chinese Academy f Scial Sciences, said: “They want t tell the wrld wh they are and t express their specialties.”
While sme prefer carrying n traditinal Chinese culture, thers are mixing it with mdern things. Pp culture designer Yu Yang is ne f them. When he made prducts featuring the ancient Gd f Frtune, the gd wre fashinable Chinese shes and a cap, and had a micrphne in his hand. “Pp culture is a cmmn language. I hpe mre peple will accept and lve my wrk and knw Chinese culture thrugh my art pieces,” he said in an interview with China Daily.
33．What are the activities Zhang Lingling d at the party with her friends?
A．They wear hanfu and sing sngs.B．They play martial arts.
C．They watch shrt-vides frm Bilibili.D．They play a mbile game tgether.
34．Which f the fllwing sentence can be put in _______?
A．Hanfu is a kind f dress wrn by ancient Han peple.
B．She always lses herself in singing thse ancient pems.
C．Like Zhang, there are many yung peple with lve fr traditinal Chinese culture.
D．Ppular mdern culture is the best way fr yung peple t shw their persnalities.
35．What des the prduct Gd f Frtune by Yu Yang stand fr?
A．Pp Chinese culture.B．Traditinal Chinese culture.
C．Mixture f eastern and western cultures.D．Mixture f traditinal and mdern cultures.
36．What des Yu Yang hpe fr the future?
A．Accepting mre interviews.B．Ppularity f Chinese culture.
C．Designing mre Chinese shes.D．Develping mre mbile games.
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，說(shuō)明了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)元素在年輕人中越來(lái)越受歡迎的趨勢(shì)。
33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“They wear hanfu and sing sngs with music frm traditinal instruments. ”可知，他們?cè)谂蓪?duì)上穿漢服唱歌。故選A。
34．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段空后內(nèi)容可知，此段主要描述越來(lái)越多的年輕人如張玲玲一般熱愛具有傳統(tǒng)文化的東西，因此此處需要一個(gè)過(guò)渡句，從個(gè)例過(guò)渡到大眾的句子，選項(xiàng)C“如張一般，有很多年輕人熱愛中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化”最符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“thers are mixing it with mdern things. Pp culture designer Yu Yang is ne f them.”可知，有些人在把傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代文化融合在一起，例如流行文化設(shè)計(jì)師于洋，因此于洋的作品代表的是現(xiàn)代和傳統(tǒng)文化的結(jié)合。故選D。
36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“I hpe mre peple will accept and lve my wrk and knw Chinese culture thrugh my art pieces,”可知，于洋希望越來(lái)越多的人能通過(guò)他的作品了解到中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。故選B。
（一）
（2023·浙江湖州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Scientists believe the Earth is 4.6 billin years ld. Hwever, the muntains, valleys (山谷), hills, rivers, deserts and frests we see tday are much yunger than that. Fr example, Munt Qmlangma is abut 60 millin years ld and the Amazn rainfrest is nly 10 millin years ld. The yungest sea in the wrld is the Baltic Sea, at abut 15000 years ld.
The Earth is always changing because f vlcanes (火山), earthquakes and f curse, wind and rain. Sme f these changes are very slw and thers are quick. Water and ice can make very great changes t the planet. Fr example, glaciers rivers f ice can cut thrugh muntains and make lakes and deep valleys. Many vlcanes are under the ceans and smetimes they becme new islands. This is happening in the Suth Pacific, near Tnga.
It’s nrmal fr ur planet t change, but at the mment, scientists think it’s changing faster than usual. Sme deserts are grwing and many frests are getting smaller. The weather is getting wetter in sme places and drier in thers, and there are mre big strms. Accrding t the research, the sea level will cntinue t rise in the next hundred years. As a result, many cities will pssibly be cvered by water and much f the mst prductive farming areas will be lst. Sme island cuntries are likely t disappear n the map f the wrld.
These changes will bring great harm t the planet. Hwever, they can be beneficial t sme peple. Fr example, as the Arctic is getting warmer, sme peple in Greenland nw wn businesses and sell vegetables they grw n their land. That wasn’t pssible in the far nrth 50 years ag. Farmers in Greenland like the warm weather and hpe it will cntinue.
1．Hw des the writer describe the changes f the Earth in Paragraph 2?
A．By using sayings.B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stries.D．By listing numbers.
2．Frm Paragraph 3, we can mainly learn abut ________.
A．the age f the EarthB．prblems fr the planet
C．the life f the farmersD．influences n the muntains
3．The underlined wrd “beneficial” in Paragraph 4 is the clsest in meaning t “________”.
A．harmfulB．nrmalC．helpfulD．uncmfrtable
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了地球因?yàn)楦鞣N原因總是在變化，詳細(xì)地介紹了這些變化的好處和壞處。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Fr example, glaciers rivers f ice can cut thrugh muntains and make lakes and deep valleys…”可知，通過(guò)舉例子的方式來(lái)描述地球的變化，故選B。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The weather is getting wetter in sme places and drier in thers, and there are mre big strms…As a result, many cities will pssibly be cvered by water and much f the mst prductive farming areas will be lst. Sme island cuntries are likely t disappear n the map f the wrld”可知，第三段主要介紹了這些變化所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，故選B。
3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“These changes will bring great harm t the planet.”以及“Hwever, they can be beneficial t sme peple.”可知，這些變化會(huì)帶來(lái)危害，Hwever表示轉(zhuǎn)折，劃線句子應(yīng)說(shuō)也可以帶來(lái)好處，也就是給一些朋友帶來(lái)幫助，故選C。
（2023·遼寧鞍山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
China has made a system f laws t prtect the envirnment. It has helped build beautiful China, accrding t a wrk reprt.
The system includes the Envirnmental Prtectin Law and a lt f laws in sme ther areas, such as the Yangtze River Prtectin Law, the Yellw River Prtectin Law, the Black Sil (土壤) Prtectin Law, the law n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and s n. These envirnmental prtectin laws assist with beautiful China.
China prtects and imprves the envirnment in which peple live. It has made great effrts t prevent and cntrl pllutin. Over the past five years, the air quality (質(zhì)量) has stayed at the gd level n 86.5 percent f the days in cities. The cuntry has als made prgress in preventing and cntrlling sil pllutin and cntinued t prtect frests, rivers, lakes and s n. What’s mre, China has managed t make laws t prtect wild animals and plants, prvide hmes fr many animals and teach the public t help them. Animals are friends f humans, and prtecting animals is als t prtect the hme f humans.
A gd envirnment is imprtant t humans. Withut the fresh air r clean water, we can’t live n the earth. The Chinese gvernment has taken actin t prtect bth. the envirnment and urselves.
4．There are at least ________ laws in Paragraph 2.
A．5B．6C．7D．8
5．The underlined wrd “assist” in Paragraph 2 is similar t ________.
A．partB．a(chǎn)greeC．helpD．deal
6．Accrding t Paragraph 3, we have dne smething t prtect the animals, including ________.
①prviding hmes fr many animals
②giving animals mre fd
③teaching the public t help animals
④making laws t prtect wild animals and plants
A．①②③B．①③④C．①②④D．②③④
7．Over the past five years, the air quality in cities has generally stayed at the ________ level.
A．badB．terribleC．prD．gd
8．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．A system f laws has been made t prtect sil arund China.
B．The cuntry has made prgress in preventing river pllutin.
C．China prtects and imprves the envirnment in which peple live.
D．China has taken actin t prtect the envirnment and humans.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了中國(guó)已采取了很多行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境和人類。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The system includes the Envirnmental Prtectin Law and a lt f laws in sme ther areas, such as the Yangtze River Prtectin Law, the Yellw River Prtectin Law, the Black Sil (土壤) Prtectin Law, the law n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and s n”可知該體系包括《環(huán)境保護(hù)法》和其他一些領(lǐng)域的許多法律，如《長(zhǎng)江保護(hù)法》、《黃河保護(hù)法》、《黑土保護(hù)法》、《青藏高原法》等。故選A。
5．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“These envirnmental prtectin laws assist with beautiful China.”可知這些環(huán)境保護(hù)法有助于建設(shè)美麗的中國(guó)，故此處劃線部分和help意義相近。故選C。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“China has managed t make laws t prtect wild animals and plants, prvide hmes fr many animals and teach the public t help them”可知中國(guó)還制定了保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物的法律，為許多動(dòng)物提供了家園，并教導(dǎo)公眾幫助它們。故選B。
7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Over the past five years, the air quality (質(zhì)量) has stayed at the gd level”可知在過(guò)去的五年里，空氣質(zhì)量一直保持在良好水平。故選D。
8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“The Chinese gvernment has taken actin t prtect bth. the envirnment and urselves.”以及本文內(nèi)容可知本文主要介紹了中國(guó)已采取了很多行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境和人類。故選D。
（2023·湖南婁底·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Nwadays, it seems that we cannt live withut technlgy. We learn, wrk and relax by using phnes, cmputers, iPads, AI rbts and s n. Nw, let’s see what’s ging n in Julie’s life.
Julie usually wakes up at the ring f a mbile phne. Then, she eats her breakfast t a vide n the phne. When she gets t her cmpany, she deals with the business n the cmputer. And she ften dwnlads（下載）and stres things that she needs n her iPad. When she needs smething, she can just turn n the iPad and search fr it. She carries the iPad wherever she is n business because it’s light. When she is at hme in the evening, she smetimes uses ChatGPT, a smart AI chat rbt, t write her prjects. She nly needs t type in sme key wrds and then she can get sme ideas in a secnd. It can make her use less time t d mre things. In the late evening, she always falls asleep at the sft music frm Xiadu.
Julie lives with technlgy, and s d we. Hwever, technlgy brings us sme prblems at the same time. Staring at screens t much is bad fr ur eyes. Many f us are near-sighted（近視的）r have ther eye prblems. AI is making sme f us unwilling t think and explre n ur wn. We may cpy ideas frm AI rbts. We may even like chatting in the virtual（虛擬的）wrld better because f s many chat rbts.
S, I think that technlgy is a duble-sided swrd（雙刃劍）. We shuld use technlgy crrectly and wisely t make ur life easy, clrful and cnvenient.
9．What des Julie prbably d?
A．She is a student.B．She is a writer.C．She is a manager.
10．What des Julie carry when she is n business?
A．A cmputer.B．An iPad.C．An AI rbt.
11．Hw des the writer develp Paragraph 2?
A．By giving examples.B．By prviding reasns.C．By expressing pinins.
12．What can we infer（推斷）frm the passage?
A．ChatGPT is a smart AI chat rbt.
B．AI rbts will take the place f us ne day.
C．Peple may cmmunicate less with each ther in real life.
13．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Hw Des Julie Spend Her Day?
B．Hw Des Technlgy Help Us?
C．Hw Des Technlgy Influence Our Life?
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了科學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)我們生活的影響。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“When she gets t her cmpany”可知在公司上班的可能是一個(gè)經(jīng)理。故選C。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“She carries the iPad wherever she is n business”可知她出差時(shí)隨身攜帶iPad。故選B。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Julie usually wakes up at the ring f a mbile phne...”可知第二段通過(guò)Julie的事例講述了科技對(duì)生活的影響。故選A。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“We may even like chatting in the virtual（虛擬的）wrld better”可知可能更喜歡在虛擬世界聊天，所以在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，人們之間的交流可能會(huì)減少。故選C。
13．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹了科學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)我們生活的影響，選項(xiàng)C“科技如何影響我們的生活”為標(biāo)題最合適。故選C。
（2023·遼寧朝陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Chinese researchers reached the tp f Qmlangma n May 4, 2022. They set up the wrld’s highest autmatic(自動(dòng)的) weather statin at an altitude(海拔) f 8,830 meters. This helps them t study the influences f climate change n the envirnment.
It is the highest autmatic weather statin in the wrld nw. It has taken the place f the statin sitting at an altitude f 8,430 meters n the suth side f the muntain, which is the secnd highest nw. This allws Chinese scientists t directly cllect data(數(shù)據(jù)) fr the first time frm the tp f the wrld’s highest muntain.
Cllecting and studying data frm Qmlangma is nt easy. But the data will give valuable infrmatin abut the cnditin f lcal glaciers(冰川) and muntain snw. It will als help scientists study and understand the glbal mnsn(季風(fēng)) system, s experts can make prper decisins abut climate change.
Ya Tandng, a famus expert, said Chinese scientists had set up eight weather statins frm 5,200 t 8,830 meters abve sea level. Half f the statins were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters. “Alng with strng gvernment supprt and hard wrk by scientists, China has becme a glbal frnt-runner in fields such as climate change.” Ya said.
14．What is the altitude f the highest autmatic weather statin?
A．5,200 meters.B．7,000 meters.
C．8,430 meters.D．8,830 meters.
15．What des the underlined wrd “It” refer t(指代) in Paragraph 3?
A．Reaching the tp f Qmlangma.B．The influences f climate change.
C．The data frm Qmlangma.D．The highest autmatic weather statin.
16．Hw many weather statins were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters?
A．Tw.B．Fur.C．Six.D．Eight.
17．Which statement(陳述) is NOT right accrding t the passage?
A．Chinese scientists can directly cllect data frm the tp f Qmlangma nw.
B．It is hard t cllect and study data frm Qmlangma.
C．The secnd highest weather statin is n the nrth side f the muntain.
D．China has made great achievements in fields such as climate change.
18．In which part f a newspaper can we find the passage?
A．Science.B．Sprts.C．Travel.D．Health.
【答案】14．D 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了在珠穆朗瑪峰頂部設(shè)立的世界最高的自動(dòng)氣象站的情況。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They set up the wrld’s highest autmatic(自動(dòng)的) weather statin at an altitude(海拔) f 8,830 meters.”可知，他們?cè)诤０?830米的地方建立了世界上最高的自動(dòng)氣象站。故選D。
15．代詞指代題。根據(jù)“But the data will give valuable infrmatin abut the cnditin f lcal glaciers(冰川) and muntain snw. It will als help scientists study and understand the glbal mnsn(季風(fēng)) system, s experts can make prper decisins abut climate change.”可知，這些數(shù)據(jù)將提供有關(guān)當(dāng)?shù)乇ê透呱椒e雪狀況的寶貴信息。它還將幫助科學(xué)家研究和了解全球季風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，這樣專家們就可以對(duì)氣候變化做出正確的決定。此處It指的是“這些數(shù)據(jù)”，故選C。
16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ya Tandng, a famus expert, said Chinese scientists had set up eight weather statins frm 5,200 t 8,830 meters abve sea level. Half f the statins were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters.”可知，中國(guó)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在海拔5200米到8830米的地方建立了8個(gè)氣象站，一半的觀測(cè)站建立在海拔7000米以上的地方，所以是有4個(gè)氣象站超過(guò)7000米。故選B。
17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“It is the highest autmatic weather statin in the wrld nw. It has taken the place f the statin sitting at an altitude f 8,430 meters n the suth side f the muntain, which is the secnd highest nw.”可知，它是目前世界上海拔最高的自動(dòng)氣象站，它取代了位于珠峰南側(cè)海拔8430米的氣象站，這是目前海拔第二高的氣象站。選項(xiàng)C“第二高的氣象站在山的北側(cè)”表述錯(cuò)誤，故選C。
18．推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了在珠穆朗瑪峰頂部設(shè)立的世界最高的自動(dòng)氣象站的情況，推測(cè)可能在科學(xué)版塊看到這篇文章，故選A。
（2023·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
A team f Chinese scientists and climbers reached the tp f Qmlangma at abut 12:30 p.m. n Tuesday, May 23. It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.
The team was made up f 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set ff at a height f 8,300 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m. After mre than 8 hurs f hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather statin.
After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (傳感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自動(dòng)化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they cllected ice-snw samples n the tp fr further research.
The weather statin recrds temperatures, wind speeds and ther key data fr studying climate change. Climate scientists have fund that glbal warming has had a large influence n the glacier number n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expeditin teams t Qmlangma. But because f limited resurces and technlgies, many key scientific questins are still unanswered, such as whether glbal warming can melt the ice at the tp f Qmlangma, and hw ecsystem can change as height increases t extremity.
19．Hw many times has the Chinese science expeditin team reached the tp since last year?
A．Once.B．Twice.C．Three times.D．Fur times.
20．Which paragraph best describes the picture belw?
A．Paragraph 1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.
21．What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A．The way f scientists studying climate change.
B．The effrt f gvernment t slve climate change.
C．The influence f climate change n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D．The imprtance f studying ecsystem f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
22．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．The team set f fat a height f 8,830 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m.
B．The team cllected rck samples n the tp fr further research.
C．China has setup the wrld's highest autmated weather statin s far.
D．All the key scientific questins have been answered up t nw.
【答案】19．B 20．B 21．D 22．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了中國(guó)科學(xué)家利用氣象站去研究珠穆朗瑪峰的氣候變化情況以及全球變暖對(duì)青藏高原的影響。
19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.”可知，自去年以來(lái)，中國(guó)科學(xué)考察隊(duì)登頂了兩次，故選B。
20．推理判斷題題。根據(jù)圖片的展示可知，圖片展示的是科學(xué)家和登山者到達(dá)氣象站的情況，與第二段表達(dá)的內(nèi)容一致，故選B。
21．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.”可知，本段主要是介紹研究青藏高原的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性，故選D。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (傳感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自動(dòng)化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year.”可知，到目前為止，中國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了世界上最高的自動(dòng)化氣象站。故選C。
目錄
一
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)
掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向
二
考情分析
中考閱讀理解說(shuō)明文考情分析
三
閱讀說(shuō)明文的考向
細(xì)節(jié)理解題
推理判斷題
詞義猜測(cè)題
主旨大意題
5.提升必考題型歸納
四
真題感悟
中考閱讀說(shuō)明文經(jīng)典考題精選
正確選項(xiàng)特征
將選項(xiàng)代入原文，上下文邏輯通順。
含義和其字面意思一般沒有關(guān)系。
干擾項(xiàng)特征
與劃線部分詞形相似
考查熟詞生義時(shí)，含有常規(guī)詞義的往往不正確
3.選項(xiàng)中含有過(guò)多原句中已有的詞和短語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)一般為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
正確選項(xiàng)特征
涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。
確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。
精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩
語(yǔ)言精練，若是標(biāo)題類，則應(yīng)當(dāng)醒目且語(yǔ)言具有概括性和針對(duì)性。
干擾項(xiàng)特征
過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)
范圍太大，超出文章內(nèi)容。
以偏概全
只是文章的某一部分或者某一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，或是某一個(gè)段落的要點(diǎn)或者部分。
主觀臆斷
與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)，只是涉及個(gè)別單詞或按現(xiàn)實(shí)生活生搬硬套。

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