Technlgy use in classYu will be allwed t use yur favrite type f technlgy (e.g.，laptp，iPad) in class if yu chse t d s，since sme peple prefer taking ntes that way.If yu decide t use it，please avid distractins，like e－mail checking r accessing scial media during class.
Academic integrityYu will be expected t be the authr f the assignments yu turn in fr this curse.Yur papers will require yu t draw upn existing research t infrm and lend credibility (可信度) t yur arguments.T credit the ideas f thers prperly，yu must fllw tw main rules：·Always cite the surce f a finding，idea，r argument that is nt yur wn，n matter hw much rewrding yu have dne.·Always put the findings，ideas，and arguments yu cite int yur wn wrds.If a direct qute is abslutely necessary，put the text in qutatin marks (引號) and include a page number in yur citatin.
Absences and late assignmentsYu are expected t attend every class，since yur participatin in class will cunt twards yur final grade.Students with excused absences will have a chance t cmplete missed class assignments (and participatin) withut punishment.Otherwise，class participatin can nly be cmpleted during class.Assignments submitted after the deadline will be cnsidered late assignments.Late assignments will be graded with 1/2 f the grade if submitted by n mre than ne week fllwing the riginal deadline.If nt submitted within ne week fllwing the riginal deadline，late assignments will nt be graded.【語篇解讀】　本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一所學(xué)校的學(xué)校規(guī)章制度。
1.Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A.A schl regulatin.B.A cllege exam paper.D.An academic article.解析 文章出處題。根據(jù)三個小標(biāo)題可推知，這篇文章可能是摘自學(xué)校規(guī)章制度。
2.T achieve academic integrity，what are yu expected t d?
A.Avid assessing media during yur ttally riginal thers’ ideas as yur thers’ ideas in a prper way.解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二個小標(biāo)題中的“·Always put the findings， include a page number in yur citatin.”可推知，為了達(dá)到學(xué)術(shù)誠信，你應(yīng)該以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞揭盟说挠^點。
3.What will happen if yu submit an assignment within ne week after the due date?
A.Yu will be punished.B.Yu will get a half will receive a zer.D.Yu will have t rewrite it.解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個小標(biāo)題中的“Late assignments will be graded the riginal deadline.”可知，如果你在截止日期后一周內(nèi)提交作業(yè)，你將得到一半的分?jǐn)?shù)。
I had just arrived in this Asian cuntry fr a ne－year teaching psitin.One day, I tk a subway t visit sme ancient palaces and temples in the dwntwn.What happened t me next n the subway has taught me much abut culture difference.Since all the seats were taken, I std.Suddenly, I felt smene pulling n my bag.Assuming I prbably was in smene’s way, I mved ver slightly.But in ne quick mtin, I felt my bag remved frm my back, and in a flash, it was gne.I turned arund t see wh the thief was.I lked at the peple standing behind me, but didn’t see my bag r anyne suspicius.My heart began t beat wildly and I began t panic.
I lked arund, nly t find directly acrss frm me was an elderly lady, and sitting n her lap was my bag.I tried t get it back frm her lap.But as I began t pull it up, she quickly tk it back and held nt it.I lked arund at the peple standing beside me, and thse sitting beside her, but n ne tk any ntice f the situatin.Trying nt t cause a scene, I tried t negtiate thrugh gestures.I used my hands as much as I culd, but she ignred my requests fr my bag and pinted t my back.She picked up my bag, shwing hw heavy it was.I finally began t understand.She was hlding my bag t help me.At the next stp, a middle－aged wman gt n the crwded subway.Anther elderly wman sitting dwn tk her bag, setting it n her lap.They didn’t talk; yet this lder wman was mre than pleased t sit with this stranger’s bag n her lap thrughut her jurney.
As the subway pulled int the main dwntwn statin and I was getting ready t get ff, the wman gently handed me back my bag.But befre I had a chance t thank her, she had disappeared int the crwd.【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文，講述了文化差異帶來的誤解。作者在某亞洲國家乘坐地鐵時，一位老婦人見作者的行李很重就主動幫忙拿行李。作者由最初誤解行李被盜到后來理解這是當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊粋€常見的習(xí)慣做法。
4.What happened after the writer gt n the subway?
A.The writer’s bag was stlen by an elderly writer std in smene’s ld lady asked the writer t sit beside her.D.A stranger ffered help t the writer.解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“She picked up my help me.”可知，作者上了地鐵后，一個陌生人向作者提供了幫助。
5.What des the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph mean?
A.Feel frightened. B.Feel relaxed. D.Feel ashamed.解析 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“I turned arund t I began t”可知，作者在地鐵發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的包不見了，所以當(dāng)時內(nèi)心是害怕的，畫線詞意思是“感覺害怕”。
6.What can we infer frm the writer’s experience?
A.The middle－aged wman and the elderly wman were gd passengers n the subway were very standing passengers with heavy bags was cmmn n lcal were many thieves n the subway.解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“At the next her lap thrughut her jurney.”可推知，在當(dāng)?shù)氐牡罔F上，幫助站著的乘客拿著沉重的行李是很常見的。
7.What is the writer’s purpse in writing the passage?
A.T warn us f the ptential risks in travelling tell us a culture recmmend a travel give us sme tips n taking a subway.解析 寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中“What happened t me next n the subway has taught me much abut culture difference.”可推知，作者講述這個經(jīng)歷是為了告訴我們一個關(guān)于文化差異的故事。
Lcal fficials in Beijing prmised t further prtect the city’s cultural heritage (遺產(chǎn))，in particular the narrw streets knwn as hutng.Hutngs are cmmnly fund in the cities f Nrth China，but they are at risk.Beijing is currently believed t have fewer than 1，000 hutngs，mst f which are near the Frbidden City.Only 60 years ag，the number was 3，250.In the ld districts f Dngcheng and Xicheng，sme peple will be asked t mve frm hutng huses t avid further damage t the ancient architecture.
“On average mre than 100，000 peple visit the Frbidden City during the Natinal Day hlidays.The visits put pressure n the prtectin f cultural relics，” said the directr f the Beijing Municipal Cmmissin f Urban Planning，adding that hutngs shuld be prtected frm human damage.The gvernment fcused n hw the prtectin plans were carried ut and hw the management f cultural heritage wrked.The head f the Xicheng district gvernment，said the area has 182 cultural relics，many f which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271－1368).“The mst efficient way is t decrease the lcal ppulatin t reduce the pssibility f causing harm t the heritage.”
“Each cmmunity has been required t reprt the status f its cultural heritage，especially hutngs，and any actins t damage the heritage will be punished.”N ne knws fr sure hw many hutngs will be left in the cming 100 years.【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。北京的胡同已不再是小小的街道，它承載著北京幾百年的歷史和文化。文章主要介紹了北京胡同的歷史、現(xiàn)狀及政府的保護(hù)措施。
8.Hw many hutngs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing?
A.Fewer than 1，000. B.Abut 2， than 3，000. D.Over 4，000.解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的第二、三句可知，北京胡同的數(shù)量由60年前的3 250 條減少至現(xiàn)在的不到1 000條，共減少了大約2 000條。
9.Accrding t Paragraph 3，which f the fllwing is the main reasn fr the damage t cultural relics?
A.Peple’s activity.B.Residents’ ’ behavir.D.The gvernment’s plicy.解析 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的第二句“The visits put pressure n the prtectin f cultural relics”和末句“hutngs shuld be prtected frm human damage”可知，文化遺跡遭到破壞的主要因素是人們的活動。
10.Which f the fllwing is a useful way t prtect hutngs?
A.T attract mre frbid everyne frm getting clse t increase the lcal punish anyne damaging it.解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ actins t damage the heritage will be punished.”可知，對破壞胡同的行為實施懲罰是保護(hù)胡同比較有用的措施。
11.What is the authr’s attitude tward hutngs?
A.Optimistic. D.Appreciative.解析 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段“N ne knws fr sure hw many hutngs will be left in the cming 100 years.”可知，作者對胡同未來的命運深感擔(dān)憂，持悲觀態(tài)度。
(2024·臨沂二模)Being late is a tendency that sme peple cannt seem t shake.Many factrs cntribute t cntinual lateness, including time perceptin, time management and persnality.We all knw smene wh never seems t be n time, whether it’s t a lunch date r a wrk meeting. 1 “It is likely that there’s a mechanism in the brain that causes sme peple t be late fr meetings because they underestimate the time it will take them t get there，” Hug Spiers, a prfessr at University Cllege Lndn tld Live Science. 2 Research suggests that neurns in the hippcampus(海馬體)acting as “time cells” cntribute t ur perceptin and memry f events, but why exactly sme peple cntinually underestimate time is unclear.
One factr may be hw familiar we are with a space.Fr the 2017 study, Spiers asked 20 students wh had newly mved t Lndn t sketch a map f their cllege district and estimate travel times t different destinatins.The students’ space estimates expanded if they knew an area well. 3 “If yu’re very familiar with a space, yu start t discunt the truble it will take，” Spiers said.Anther envirnmental factr may be crwdedness.In a 2022 study in the jurnal Virtual Reality, researchers asked participants t estimate the length f mre r less crwded simulated (模擬的)subway trips.They fund that crwded cmmutes felt like they tk 10% lnger than less busy rides. 4 5 Certain character features, such as reduced cnscientiusness(責(zé)任心), can cause sme peple t frget tasks that they had planned ahead f time.
A.Persnality als plays a rle in running was linked t it being an unpleasant make time estimates based n hw urgent the tasks , their estimates f travel time cntracted with is there a gd explanatin fr why sme peple are always late?F.A regin f the brain, called hippcampus，prcesses sme aspects f ’s because peple wh run late tell themselves and thers they can be punctual.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要分析了為什么有些人似乎從不準(zhǔn)時，無論是午餐約會還是工作會議。1.E [根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“我們都知道有些人似乎從不準(zhǔn)時，無論是午餐約會還是工作會議。”可知，有些人從不準(zhǔn)時。而下一段“倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院教授雨果·斯皮爾斯在接受《生活科學(xué)》雜志采訪時表示：‘很可能是大腦中存在某種機制，導(dǎo)致一些人開會遲到，因為他們低估了到達(dá)那里所需的時間?！笨芍?，下文開始解釋人們?yōu)槭裁床粶?zhǔn)時。選項 E“但是對于為什么有些人總是遲到有一個很好的解釋嗎？”承上啟下，符合上下文內(nèi)容。]
2.F [根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“研究表明，海馬體中的神經(jīng)元扮演著‘時間細(xì)胞’的角色，有助于我們對事件的感知和記憶，但目前還不清楚為什么有些人一直低估時間?！笨芍挛慕忉屃撕ｑR體的作用。選項 F“大腦中有一個叫作海馬體的區(qū)域，負(fù)責(zé)處理時間的某些方面。”提出海馬體這一概念，與下文內(nèi)容一致。]3.D [根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“其中一個因素可能是我們對一個空間的熟悉程度。在 2017 年的研究中，斯皮爾斯要求 20 名剛搬到倫敦的學(xué)生畫出他們所在大學(xué)區(qū)的地圖，并估計到不同目的地的旅行時間。如果學(xué)生們對一個地區(qū)非常了解，他們對空間的估計就會擴(kuò)大?！笨芍?，選項 D“然而，他們對旅行時間的估計隨著熟悉程度而縮小?！迸c上文內(nèi)容保持一致，指的是如果學(xué)生對一個地區(qū)很了解，那么他就會對于自己去某個目的地的時間做出不精準(zhǔn)的估算。]
4.B [根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“在 2022 年發(fā)表在《虛擬現(xiàn)實》雜志上的一項研究中，研究人員要求參與者估計或多或少擁擠的模擬地鐵旅行的長度。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁擠的通勤感覺比不那么繁忙的通勤時間長 10%?！笨芍?，如果通勤擁擠，那么參與者對于時間的估計就會長些。選項 B“那與不愉快的經(jīng)歷有關(guān)?！苯忉屃藶槭裁慈绻ㄇ趽頂D，參與者對于時間的估計就會長些。]5.A [根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“某些性格特征，比如缺乏責(zé)任心，會導(dǎo)致一些人忘記他們提前計劃好的任務(wù)。”可知，下文講述的是性格也會導(dǎo)致人們遲到。選項 A“性格也對遲到有影響。”與下文保持一致。]

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