【教材原句】
The first week was a little cnfusing. (教材P14)
【辨析】
兩者都有“困惑”的意思，此時可以換用，但其它方面有一定的區(qū)別。
cnfuse 表示“因為把兩個或多個事物或問題混淆而使頭腦糊涂混亂”, 強調(diào)混淆不清，往往暫時的情況, 造成沒法清楚地思維或理智地行動。一般作及物動詞, 后接名詞或代詞作賓語; 也可與介詞with連用, 表示“把…與…弄混”。
puzzle表示“行為情況、問題或某種現(xiàn)象錯宗復雜,使人感到困惑傷腦筋”，因而不知道該怎么解決。一般作及物動詞，也可以作名詞，表示“難題，字謎，疑慮，謎團”等。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Dn't cnfuse liberty with license.
不要把自由與放縱混為一談。
They asked me s many questins that they cnfused me.
他們問了我那么多的問題都把我搞迷糊了.
I ften cnfuse yu and yur brther.
我常把你和你哥哥弄錯了。
Peple are apt t cnfuse the tw issues.
人們?nèi)菀装堰@兩個問題混淆起來。
If we cnfuse these three levels, we will nt think clearly.
如果我們混淆了這三個等級，我們便不會清晰地思考。
My wrds surprised and cnfused/puzzled him.
我的話使他驚訝且迷惑。
What yu said just nw cnfused/puzzled me.
你剛才說的話使我很困惑。
The find left archaelgists with a puzzle.
這個發(fā)現(xiàn)給考古學家留下了一個謎團。
Will yu help me t slve this puzzle?
你能幫助我解決這個難題嗎?
He sat frwning ver a crsswrd puzzle.
他坐著皺著眉頭在思考縱橫字謎。
She culd nt get the puzzle ut f her mind.
她無法解開心中的疑慮。
His questin puzzled me.
他的問題使我迷惑不解。
What he did puzzled me greatly.
他的作為使我深感迷惑不解。
【考點過關】
根據(jù)cnfuse, puzzle 意義及用法填空
1. I always cnfuse my left with my right.
2. Her decisin was a _______ t him.
3. Dn't cnfuse Austria with Australia.
4. I have in mind sme dubts which really ________ me.
5. I've never been able t _______ her ut.
6. Many business executives cnfuse leadership _______ actin.
7. The risks can be s cmplex that banks hire mathematicians t _______ them ut.
8. D nt cnfuse ever the tangential acceleratin, which is alng the circumference, ________ centripetal acceleratin.
9. He is in a ________ abut the matter.
10. She was cmpletely _______ (cnfuse) by these tw questins.
【參考答案】
1. with; 2. puzzle; 3. with; 4. puzzle; 5. puzzle; 6. with; 7. puzzle; 8. with; 9. puzzle; 10.cnfused.
●hpe; wish
【教材原句】
I knw that Chinese is a vey difficult language, but I hpe t be fluent when I graduate. (教材P14)
【辨析】
兩者都是“希望”的意思，都可作名詞和動詞，用法有相同的地方，但也一定的區(qū)別。
= 1 \* GB3 ①hpe和wish后面都可以接不定式，作“想; 希望”講，不同點在于: wish后可接 “賓語+不定式” 復合結(jié)構(gòu)，而hpe不能。即：wish/hpe t d sth. 想/希望做某事; wish sb. t d sth. 希望某人做某事
= 2 \* GB3 ②hpe和wish后面都可以接從句。接從句時，hpe 表示有可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，而wish表示不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。wish后的從句要用虛擬語氣
= 3 \* GB3 ③wish后面可以跟雙賓語，表示“祝愿”; hpe沒有這種用法
= 4 \* GB3 ④hpe 常構(gòu)成如下機構(gòu)：be beynd hpe (f )沒有(….的)希望; in the hpe f/in hpes that /in the hpe that懷著…..的希望
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
We all hpe fr happiness.
我們都希望幸福。
She wishes fr his cming.
她希望他的到來。
He is the hpe f his family.
他是全家人的希望。
Jhn hpes t study law at Harvard.
約翰希望在哈佛學習法律。
I wish t find sme pen-friends fr my students.
我想給學生們找一些筆友。
Parents wish us t visit them at hme as ften as pssible.
父母希 望我們?；丶铱纯?。
She hpes she can make sme mney.
她希望能掙些錢。(她能掙些錢的可能性是存在的) .
I wish I were as strng as yu.
我要是能像你一樣強壯就好了。(實際上我不像你那樣強壯)
I wish yu a happy new year.
祝你新年快樂!
【考點過關】
用wish 或hpe的適當形式填空
1. I ________ yu gd luck in everything.
2. Sme f the huses were beynd _______ f repair.
3. I'm writing the letter in the ________ that yu can cnsider these prblems and make sme imprvements.
4. They're _______ fr their sn's early marriage.
5. I ________ t d mre fr my parents and sciety in the future.
6. I _______ I didn’t have t wrk tday.
7. I ______ I had taken yur advice，but I didn’t, then.
8. I _______ I culd speak French nw.
9. Why dn’t yu _______ yur sn t accept this pst?
10. Her _______ is t g t cllege.
【參考答案】
1. wish; 2. hpe; 3. hpe; 4. hping/wishing; 5. hpe/wish; 6. wish; 7. wish; 8. wish; 9. wish/hpe; 10. hpe/wish
●try t d sth. ; manage t d sth.
【教材原句】
I tried t jin the schl ftball team, but the cach tld me that didn’t play well enugh. (教材P14)
【辨析】
兩個詞組都可表示“設法做”之意，均可接動詞不定式作賓語。但表示的含義有區(qū)別。
manage t d sth. “設法做成某事”，強調(diào)所做事情的結(jié)果，相當于succeed in ding sth. 或be successful in ding sth.
try t d sth. “努力/試圖/設法做某事”，但未必一定會能成功，只強調(diào)努力的過程，對其結(jié)果無限制, 所做之事不一定有困難, 相當于try/d ne’s best t d sth.
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
I am trying t finish my hmewrk.
我正努力完成我的家庭作業(yè)。
I try nt t cnvince myself that she desn't lve me anymre.
我盡量不讓自己相信她不再愛我了。
He didn’t try t d it.
他不肯努力去干
please try t finish this wrk in thirty minutes.
請盡量在30分鐘完成這項工作。
I managed t get in cntact with the lady, wh’s in charge f this prject in the cmpany.
我成功地同那家公司負責這個項目的女士取得了聯(lián)系。
He managed t save her in time.
他設法及時挽救了她.
He tried t pen the bx with a knife.
他試圖用刀子打開箱子。
Time given t us defines hw lng we will stay with ur families, hw many gd things we will manage t d, and hw much interesting things we will see and learn.
時間決定了我們能與家人廝守多久，我們能完成多少美妙的事情，以及我們能看到聽到多少有趣的事情。
It shuld be pssible fr mst peple t manage t d it.
大多數(shù)人應該都能做到。
【考點過關】
用 manage, try或其適當形式填空
1. He ______ t climb the tree, but he culd nt.
2. If yu dn't ______ t d everything, it desn't matter. Mve any incmplete tasks frm tday nt tmrrw's list.
3. I see what yu mean, but if yu _______t d it, yu wn’t regret.
4. Fantastic! H des Beijing Municipal Gvernment ______ t d it?
5. Hw did yu _______t d it withut help?
6. Hw n earth did they _______ t d that?
7. If yu can ________ t d all three, yu'll raise yur intelligence by leaps and bunds.
8. Hw d yu ________ t d such a thing?
9. I feel the same way. But if we insist n speaking, we can _______ t d it.
10. Althugh yu may fail, when yu start t race fr a new team, yu ______t be successful as sn as pssible.
【參考答案】
1. tried; 2. manage; 3. try; 4. manage; 5. manage; 6. manage; 7. manage; 8. manage; 9. manage; 10. try
●主語 + used t d; 主語 + be/get used t ding sth.; 主語 + be used t d sth.
【教材原句】
I knw I’ll have t study harder as a senir high schl student and get used t being respnsible fr a lt mre. (教材P14)
I’m a bit wrried abut keeping up with the ther students in my advanced curse, and it’ll be quite difficult t get used t all the hmewrk. (教材P14)
【辨析】
主語 + used t d sth. 表示“過去常?！保f明過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不那樣做或已經(jīng)不存在了。其中的t是不定式符號,后面要接動詞原形。它只有過去式一種形式,可以用于所有人稱。
主語 + be/get used t sth./ding sth. 表示“習慣于做某事”，t是介詞，后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞，be是系動詞,可以用于過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的多種時態(tài), 還可以用get, becme等詞來代替。
主語 + be used t d sth. =主語 + be used fr ding sth. 表示“被用來做某事”，是use sth. t d sth. 和use sth. fr ding sth.的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。
溫馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①used t d sth. 的疑問式為Did … use t …? 或Used … t …? 構(gòu)成；否定式為didn’t use t d sth. 或 usedn’t t d sth.
= 2 \* GB3 ② there used t be… 表示“過去有….”
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
This pwerful drug is used t tranquilize patients underging surgery.
這種強效藥劑被用來麻醉手術病人。
The test is used t diagnse a variety f diseases.
此項化驗可用于診斷多種疾病。
They used t buy ten kils f beef in ne lump.
他們過去常買10公斤重的整塊牛肉。
The ld-timers used t recall hw ht 1886 was.
老人們常?；叵肫?886年的酷熱。
I used t watch TV, but nw I dn’t like it.
我過去常?？措娨?但現(xiàn)在不喜歡了。
He didn’t use / used nt t g hme by bus.
他過去不常坐公共汽車回家。
-- Did yu use t be a teacher? / Used yu t be a teacher? 你過去是老師嗎?
-- Yes, I did. 是的。
There used t be an ld temple behind my huse, didn’t there?
過去我家房子后面有一個古寺，是嗎？
He is used t air travel.
他習慣坐飛機旅行。
She is nt used t eating Chinese fd.
她不習慣吃中餐。
Yu’ll sn be/get/becme used t ur way f living.
你不久就會習慣我們的生活方式的。
Wd is ften used t make desks and chairs.
木材常常被用來制作桌椅。
Cal can be used t keep warm.
煤可以用來取暖。
I am used t getting up early.
我習慣早起。
【考點過關】
根據(jù)“主語 + used t d; 主語 + be/get used t ding sth.; 主語 + be used t d sth. ”用法填空
1. My cusin is used t ________ (study) with his new friends in Australia.
2. I never used t ___________ (eat) cakes, but I eat a lt nw.
3. My mther is used t ________ (get) up early t ck breakfast fr us.
4. I used t ___________ (g) swimming n Saturdays.
5. Jim has lived in Australia fr tw years. He is used t _________ (drive) n the left.
6. Didn’t she use t ____________ (live) in Germany?
7. Yu’ll sn get used t ___________ (live) in the cuntry.
8. I’m nt used t _____________ (treat) like this.
9. My parents used t ________ (get) up at 7, but nw they get up at 6 and ck breakfast fr me.
10. Knives are used fr _________ (cut) things.
【參考答案】
1. studying; 2. eat; 3. getting; 4. g; 5. driving; 6. live; 7. living; 8. being treated; 9. get; 10. cutting
●debate; argue; discuss; quarrel
【教材原句】
Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can d well in the debate. (教材P16)
【辨析】
四個詞都有 “辯論，爭論，說理”之意。但各有側(cè)重。
debate 往往側(cè)重指意見等對立的雙方之間正式或公開的爭辯, 既可以作名詞也可以作動詞。
argue 表示提出理由或證據(jù)為自己或自己一方的看法或立場辯護，著重說理、論證和企圖說服。
discuss 表示就某一或某些問題表明觀點、看法等，以便統(tǒng)一認識，解決問題，最常用詞。
quarrel 表示兩人之間或兩個團體之間不友好的、大聲爭論某事，重點是“吵嘴、吵架”， 既可以作名詞也可以作動詞。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
His cmments are bund t add fuel t the debate.
他的話必將為爭論推波助瀾。
A full-scale debate is under way n what ails the industry.
關于工業(yè)為何陷入困境正在展開一場全面的討論。
The senatr argued with the President abut the new tax bill.
參議員和新總統(tǒng)為新稅法案爭辯了。
One culd argue that smking, by its very nature, is addictive.
有人可能認為抽煙從本質(zhì)上說就具有成癮性。
They argue that nly private capitalists can remake Pland's ecnmy.
他們認為，只有私人資本家才能重振波蘭經(jīng)濟。
The Plitbur has been meeting in Peking t discuss the situatin.
政治局已在北京召開會議討論形勢。
Senir pliticians met tday t discuss the future f Eurpean ecnmic unity.
高級政要今天會晤，探討歐洲經(jīng)濟一體化的未來。
The magazine's aim is t discuss tpical issues within a Christian framewrk.
該雜志的宗旨是在基督教框架下討論時下的熱門話題。
They culd quarrel quite legitimately with sme f my chices.
他們大有理由不同意我的一些選擇。
The mnarchists are a small fringe grup wh quarrel fiercely amng themselves.
君主主義者是一個內(nèi)部爭吵激烈的非主流的小團體。
【考點過關】
翻譯下列句子
1. 這個醫(yī)生論述了治療癌癥的不同方法。
2. 針對他是否能勝任最高職務展開了爭論。
3. 這件事可能是在他們?yōu)槟葕W米爭吵的過程中發(fā)生的。
4. 有一些人認為真正獨立的意見是不存在的。
【參考答案】
1. The dctr discussed different appraches t the treatment f cancer.
2. There is a debate abut/ver his fitness fr the highest ffice.
3. It culd have happened during a quarrel between them abut/ver Nami.
4. There are thse wh argue that true independent advice is unattainable.
●why nt d sth.?; why d sth.?
【教材原句】
Fr Tim, that dream has cme true! (教材P18)
【辨析】
兩者后面都接動詞原形，但意義不同。
Why nt d sth. ? 意思是“為什么不呢?”，常表示建議或勸說。是why dn’t yu d sth.? 的省略形式。
Why d sth.? 意思是“為什么要….呢？”，常表示反對和不同意做某事, 也有埋怨、不滿、責備等感情色彩。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Why nt ask smene else? Perhaps smene knws the way.
為什么不問問別人呢? 或許別人知道路線。
Why nt g there at nce? If yu are nt in a hurry, yu will be late.
為什么不馬上去呢? 你要是不趕緊的話，會遲到的。
Nw that yur girl-friend is in a bad md, why nt give her sme flwers?
既然你女朋友情緒不好，為什么不送她一些花呢?
She has gt angry, yu knw, why argue with her abut ding hmewrk?
你看，她已經(jīng)生氣了，為啥還要和她就作業(yè)問題辯論呢？
Yur family is very pr, and why spend s much mney in playing cmputer games?
你家條件那么差，為啥還要花那么多錢打電腦游戲呢？
Why g there at night? It is dangerus.
為啥晚上去那里，很危險的。
Why hurt yur mther? Please tell me.
為啥傷害你母親，告訴我？
Why turn t him fr help? Dn’t yu knw he is badly ill?
為什么要求助于他？難道你不知道他病得很嚴重嗎？
【考點過關】
翻譯下列句子
1. 既然你喜歡寫些文章，為什么不找個筆友呢？
2. 失敗是成功之母，為啥不再試一次呢？
3. 你看，天快黑了，為什么不馬上走呢?
4. 為什么不做個西紅柿實驗呢?
5. 如果你需要錢的話，為啥不賣掉這輛舊車呢？
6. 為什么要打孩子？別忘了，他才十二歲。
【參考答案】
1. Nw that yu like writing, why nt find a pen friend?
2. Failure is the mther f success. Why nt try again？
3. Yu see, it is getting darker and darker. Why nt g at nce?
4. Why nt d a tmat experiment?
5. If yu need sme mney, why nt sell the ld car？
6. Why beat yur child? After all, he is nly 12 years ld.
●句型have sme prblems/difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.和句型have sme prblems/difficulty/truble with sth.
【教材原句】
What prblems did yu r yur friends have with this unit? (教材P20)
【辨析】
兩者意思相近，但用法有區(qū)別。
sb. have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困難/麻煩/問題”，這里的介詞in可有可無。
have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困難/麻煩/問題”，這里使用介詞with，后面接名詞。
溫馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①兩個句型中，difficulty, truble 必須用單數(shù)，prblem用復數(shù)。
= 2 \* GB3 ②兩個句型中的sme可根據(jù)句意換成little, n, much等。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
I have sme difficulty in understanding my English teacher in class.
我課堂上聽不懂英語老師的講解。
I have sme difficulty in prnuncing sme f the wrds in English.
我發(fā)某些單詞的音有些困難。
90.8% f glaucma patients have sme difficulty in sleeping. 93.1% f cases have shallw sleeping.
90.8%青光眼病人存在入睡困難，93.1%病人睡眠不深。
But during the daily teaching, teachers have sme difficulty in teaching and s d students in learning, which makes teaching and learning mre difficult.
但在實際教學中，卻也出現(xiàn)了不少問題，使得部分教師教學和學生學習存在困難。
I have sme difficulty in dealing with the abstract-let's get dwn t sme particulars.
我考慮抽象概念有些困難，讓我們處理一些具體事情吧。
One persn may have n difficulty with language develpment.
有的人可能有語言開發(fā)的困難。
Mst f the girls have much difficulty with their families.
所以絕大多數(shù)的女孩都會與家庭關系緊張。
Yu may have sme difficulty with this bk at first, but yu'll find it much easier as yu g alng.
開始時你或許會覺得這本書難讀，但過些時候你便會覺得容易得多。
I have sme truble with the carburetr. The salesman fbbed the lady ff with a faulty machine.
推銷員把一部有毛病的機器冒充正品賣給了那位女士。
I have sme truble in reading her handwriting.
我認她的筆跡有些困難。
We have sme truble in spelling.
我們在拼寫方面有困難。
He has sme prblems with his wrk in Canada, I'm afraid.
恐怕他在加拿大那邊的事出問題啦。
Thelma& Luise Luise is wrking in a diner as a waitress and has sme prblems with her byfriend Jimmy, wh, as a musician, is always n the rad.
路易絲是咖啡館的服務生，她的男朋友杰米是個搞音樂的，經(jīng)常在外演出，兩人有點矛盾。
Levant thinks that Steinbeck has sme prblems in grasping the structure and materials.
這位評論家認為斯坦貝克在掌握結(jié)構(gòu)與素材上仍有不足。
【考點過關】
請根據(jù)句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth.和句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth.的用法填空
1. He is likely t have sme truble _______ it, but he shuldn't be cmpletely in the dark abut it.
2. As I have sme truble _______ my leg, I can't mve arund easily, nr can I sit t lng.
3. I have sme difficulty in _______ (answer) the questin.
4. His business has faced difficulty _______ debt.
5. I have sme truble in _______ (prnunce) this sund.
6. She has n difficulty _______ Italian.
7. He has sme difficulty in ________ (give) shape t his ideas.
8. She has difficulty ________ English prnunciatin.
9. He has sme truble _______ (wrk) ut the prblem, I think.
10. He has difficulty _________ (adjust) t grup living.
11. He has sme prblems ________ the language.
12. Children with autism have difficulty ______ scial skills and cmmunicatin.
13. He has difficulty in ________ (identify) with the cause f the disease.
14. He has sme prblems ________ his teeth.
15. Yu shuldn't have much difficulty _______ yur persnal data files.
16. She has difficulty ________ (learn) English, hwever, she wrks hard and is making rapid prgress.
17. I have difficulty cmmunicating _______ a stubbrn man like him.
18. This article has discussed sme prblems in _______ (adjust) t the new requirements.
【參考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. answering; 4. with; 5. prnuncing; 6. with; 7. giving; 8. with; 9. wrking; 10. adjusting; 11. with; 12. with; 13. identifying; 14. with; 15. with; 16. learning; 17. with; 18. adjusting

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