北京卷近三年高考真題考點(diǎn)分布
其他省份高考真題考點(diǎn)分布
2. 命題規(guī)律及備考策略
【命題規(guī)律】
從近三年高考試題對(duì)段首句共考查17次，其作用多為主旨句或承上啟下句。對(duì)段中句共考查54次。此種題主要考查前后句子的邏輯性和內(nèi)容的連貫性，和句子之間的銜接手法。當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時(shí)，通?？疾樵摽张c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文之間的街接關(guān)系。
1）選材特點(diǎn)：一般為300詞左右的短文，以記敘文和說(shuō)明文常見。
2）設(shè)空特點(diǎn)：一般有五種：標(biāo)題類、主題句類、承上啟下類、歸納總結(jié)類、語(yǔ)篇拓展類。
對(duì)段尾句共考查13次。段尾設(shè)空的題多為總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，偶有起承上啟下的作用。即要么是結(jié)論句，要么就是承上啟下句。
【備考策略】
主旨大意把握好，讀懂選項(xiàng)更重要
關(guān)鍵信息相匹配，核查排除不可少
經(jīng)驗(yàn)一：前瞻后顧，尋找＂信號(hào)詞＂，回到選擇項(xiàng)中篩選。復(fù)現(xiàn)
經(jīng)驗(yàn)二：濃縮句意，意義匹配，整體把握。同意
經(jīng)驗(yàn)三：以段落為單位梳理文章脈絡(luò),留意文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合,邏輯及結(jié)構(gòu)
經(jīng)驗(yàn)四：＂7選5＂句子選擇題正確選擇項(xiàng)排列有一條不成文規(guī)律：選擇項(xiàng)呈＂鋸齒＂順序排列，按照人們習(xí)慣，看了A就接著看B，接著看C，依此到G，而我們一般做題的正確答案都是＂參差不齊，錯(cuò)落有致＂的,
看了D之后不看E卻看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。這可能是出題者為了干擾我們常規(guī)思維而設(shè)置的障礙，因此如果考試時(shí)間允許，我們可以拿這個(gè)來(lái)初步檢驗(yàn)我們最后的答案是否＂正確＂。
【命題預(yù)測(cè)】
從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，預(yù)測(cè)2025年高考閱讀理解七選五試題仍然以結(jié)構(gòu)鮮明的指導(dǎo)類說(shuō)明文為主，段首、段中、段尾均為考查重點(diǎn)。

考點(diǎn)一 段首句
01 段首設(shè)空考查小標(biāo)題或段落主題句
小標(biāo)題或段落主題句：如章首或段首設(shè)空，一般考查文章或段落主題。
注釋小標(biāo)題：如在小標(biāo)題之后接著設(shè)空，一般是對(duì)小標(biāo)題加以注釋。
段落間的過(guò)渡句：如首段之后的段首設(shè)空，一般是考查承上啟下的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)句。
【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】
Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
...
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur. Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
【答案】 19. A
【19題詳解】
空處為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur.(通過(guò)跳過(guò)重大節(jié)假日或高峰時(shí)間來(lái)最小化影響并最大化體驗(yàn))”表示旅游時(shí)要注意避開高峰期，選擇合適的時(shí)間，A選項(xiàng)“在非高峰時(shí)間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。
02 段首設(shè)空考查注釋小標(biāo)題
【2023年浙江1月卷】
...
Arrive early. Mst trains perate just nce a day and sme run nly three times a week, s missing yurs can be a disaster. 39 Nte: The times listed n the schedules are departure times, nt arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a bk, knit, d a crsswrd puzzle, r simply watch the wrld unfld utside the windw. T calculate yur speed as yu d, divide 3,600(the number f secnds in an hur)by the number f secnds it takes yu t travel ne mile(the distance between tw milepsts). If it takes the train 53 secnds t travel ne mile, yu’re ging 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t fr impatient types.
B．Yu’ll have views frm bth sides f the train.
C．The temperature n rail cars is ften hard t cntrl.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer mnths.
E．Yu might have t wait lnger than 24 hurs t catch the next ne.
F．Chances are the cst will be a lt less than the cst f ne bedrm.
G．He may als bk yu in a sleeping car that’s right next t the diner.
【答案】 39．E 40．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述一些關(guān)于如何使坐火車旅行盡可能愉快的建議。
39．根據(jù)上文“Mst trains perate just nce a day and sme run nly three times a week, s missing yurs can be a disaster.(大多數(shù)火車每天只開一趟，有些火車一周只開三趟，所以錯(cuò)過(guò)你的火車可能是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。)”以及下文“Nte: The times listed n the schedules are departure times, nt arrival times. (注意:時(shí)刻表上列出的時(shí)間是出發(fā)時(shí)間，不是到達(dá)時(shí)間。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排時(shí)間，錯(cuò)過(guò)時(shí)間是很麻煩的事情，E項(xiàng)中“Yu might have t wait lnger”與前后文對(duì)應(yīng)，說(shuō)明錯(cuò)過(guò)火車導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，因此推斷E項(xiàng)“你可能要等上超過(guò)24小時(shí)才能趕上下一班?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。
40．根據(jù)上文“Have fun.(玩得開心)”以及下文“T calculate yur speed as yu d, divide 3,600(the number f secnds in an hur)by the number f secnds it takes yu t travel ne mile(the distance between tw milepsts).”(要計(jì)算你的速度，用3600(一小時(shí)的秒數(shù))除以你走一英里(兩個(gè)里程碑之間的距離)所花費(fèi)的秒數(shù)。)”可知，本段講述如何度過(guò)乘車時(shí)間，A項(xiàng)中講到火車旅行不適合沒有耐心的人與后文要計(jì)算時(shí)間，用不同的方式打發(fā)時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
03 段首設(shè)空考查段落間的過(guò)渡句
首段之后的段首設(shè)空，一般是考查承上啟下的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)句。
【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同義詞詞典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____37____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____38____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得以及從中獲得的樂趣。
【36題詳解】
上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想發(fā)表，提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的)”提到了完美的、專業(yè)的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有語(yǔ)法和拼寫錯(cuò)誤是專業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項(xiàng)“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(這意味著語(yǔ)法正確，沒有拼寫錯(cuò)誤。)”是對(duì)手稿要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫檢查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫(kù)，但我是一個(gè)守舊的人，更喜歡精裝的書和能用手指翻閱的書頁(yè)。)”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書和能用手指翻閱的書頁(yè)，說(shuō)明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文，所以B選項(xiàng)“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項(xiàng)“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(當(dāng)然，字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)。
考點(diǎn)二 段中句
01 段中句考查句子之間邏輯關(guān)系
一．段中句題型綜述
邏輯連接是組織文章最主要的方式，語(yǔ)義邏輯構(gòu)成了語(yǔ)篇的框架。對(duì)常用的邏輯關(guān)系了然于心，并在閱讀時(shí)能有效地找出其連接的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，是學(xué)生解答“七選五”的關(guān)鍵。
“七選五”中常見的邏輯連接可以歸類為七種：
總分關(guān)系：指選項(xiàng)是中心句；
并列關(guān)系：指選項(xiàng)與前句或后句在結(jié)構(gòu)或內(nèi)容上一致；
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：指后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或語(yǔ)義上的延伸；
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；指選項(xiàng)與前句或后句語(yǔ)義相反或相對(duì)，后句往往是對(duì)前句的修正，表達(dá)作者的真正意圖；
因果關(guān)系：指選項(xiàng)與前后句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系；
概括闡釋：指前句對(duì)后句或后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行歸納概括，若前句歸納，后句即是對(duì)前句的具體闡釋，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是對(duì)前句所闡釋的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行意義整合；
例證關(guān)系：指后句是前句的具體實(shí)例。
段中設(shè)空考題的解題思路
通?？疾榕c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接?？疾橐c(diǎn)有: 總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和并列關(guān)系。有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列銜接詞匯或短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu): first, secnd, then, next, later, sn, s, but, hwever, additinally, what’s mre, that is, namely, in ther wrds, fr ne thing. . . fr anther等, 這些詞匯和短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中起到提示邏輯關(guān)系的作用, 是解題時(shí)需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的部分。
【2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. ___16___ Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
·Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. ___17___
·Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. ___18___ Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club；we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反饋) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. ___20___ Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
答案詳解：
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了了一些開始藝術(shù)之旅的好建議。
文章結(jié)構(gòu)：總-分-總
36.C?？崭竦奈恢迷诙温渲虚g，起到承上啟下的作用。根據(jù)空前Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future.從小事做起。我建議使用速寫本進(jìn)行小的試畫。這些小的試畫提供了靈感，可能是未來(lái)更復(fù)雜工作的跳板?？芍@些初期的小習(xí)作對(duì)未來(lái)很重要。
根據(jù)空后的Yu'll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu've cme.你會(huì)想回顧你的旅程，看看你已經(jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)?？芍憧梢酝ㄟ^(guò)回顧這些作品看到自己的發(fā)展。
C項(xiàng) Dn't thrw away yur beginner art.不要丟掉你的初級(jí)作品，符合語(yǔ)境，因此應(yīng)選C。
37.G?？崭竦奈恢迷诙挝?，一般為承上而來(lái)或總結(jié)本段，根據(jù)本段主題句Paint ften and paint frm life.經(jīng)常繪畫，從生活中繪畫。可知，本段建議要經(jīng)常繪畫。
再根據(jù)空前There's n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles.沒有比增加筆端里程更好的提高方法了?？芍髡咴诮ㄗh盡可能多的練習(xí)繪畫。
G項(xiàng)中的repetitin重復(fù)，反復(fù)與ften意思相近，Yu'll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.你會(huì)發(fā)展繪畫肌肉記憶，這種記憶只能通過(guò)重復(fù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。是對(duì)本段的總結(jié)。因此應(yīng)選G。
38.A。空格的位置在段落中間，起到承前啟后的作用。根據(jù)本段主題句Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new.不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己，嘗試新事物。再根據(jù)空后的Artistic grwth can be a bit painful.藝術(shù)的成長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)痛苦。
可知，要嘗試新事物，應(yīng)該不是一件舒適的事情，A項(xiàng)Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.走出舒適區(qū)，cmfrt zne與challenge yurself，try smething new.相對(duì)，符合語(yǔ)境，與下文的藝術(shù)的成長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)痛苦緊密相連。因此應(yīng)選A。
39.D?？崭竦奈恢迷诙问祝潜径蔚闹黝}句。根據(jù)本段的Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反饋) is crucial t grwth.尋求并接受建設(shè)性的反饋對(duì)成長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要。I pst my wrk n scial media我把我的作品發(fā)布在社交媒體上?？芍径闻c分享作品有關(guān)。
D項(xiàng)Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.分享你的作品，如果你覺得這樣做很舒服的話，符合語(yǔ)境，因此應(yīng)選D。
40.E?？崭竦奈恢迷诙温渲虚g，起到承上啟下的作用。根據(jù)空前The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path.你的旅程將不會(huì)是一條筆直的道路。可知接下來(lái)應(yīng)該是講遇到困難。
根據(jù)下文Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.堅(jiān)持下去，給它時(shí)間，付出努力。你將收獲藝術(shù)生活的回報(bào)。可知，這是遇到困難時(shí)應(yīng)有的態(tài)度。
E項(xiàng)Yu'll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.你會(huì)遇到障礙，有時(shí)你會(huì)感到氣餒。符合語(yǔ)境，因此應(yīng)選E。
02 段中句考查詞匯線索
1.人稱代詞或物主代詞指代
前文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的人或物，再次提到時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，為避免重復(fù)，常用人稱代詞，不定代詞，指示代詞，反身代詞，以及such和s指代前文提到的內(nèi)容。做題時(shí)要注意指代的人稱、數(shù)的一致性。
it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子;
they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞:
ne指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;
nes指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞;
that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子;
this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子:
these或thse指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
做題過(guò)程中要特別關(guān)注空后的句子或選項(xiàng)中是否有代詞，可以利用指代關(guān)系以及代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的差異快速鎖定答案。
2.詞匯線索---高頻詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（同義詞/近義詞/上下義詞/同一范疇詞）
1）復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。
復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。
2）同范疇詞出現(xiàn)
同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)義銜接的目的。你可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。
【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同義詞詞典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____37____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____38____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. ____39____ Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得以及從中獲得的樂趣。
【36題詳解】
上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想發(fā)表，提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的)”提到了完美的、專業(yè)的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有語(yǔ)法和拼寫錯(cuò)誤是專業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項(xiàng)“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(這意味著語(yǔ)法正確，沒有拼寫錯(cuò)誤。)”是對(duì)手稿要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫檢查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫(kù)，但我是一個(gè)守舊的人，更喜歡精裝的書和能用手指翻閱的書頁(yè)。)”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書和能用手指翻閱的書頁(yè)，說(shuō)明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文，所以B選項(xiàng)“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項(xiàng)“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(當(dāng)然，字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)。
【39題詳解】
下文“Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there’s nthing better.(然而，如果我需要檢查一個(gè)單詞的來(lái)源或查找其用法的例子，沒有什么比這更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情況，A選項(xiàng)“I dn’t ften use this dictinary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對(duì)字典使用頻率的說(shuō)明，與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。
【40題詳解】
上文“ “T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk, ” wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f ”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個(gè)定義時(shí)寫道：“編字典是件無(wú)聊的工作(乏味)?！?”提到了編寫字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.(花幾分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽一兩頁(yè)是一種有益的體驗(yàn)。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂趣，D選項(xiàng)“But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.(但是一本字典讀起來(lái)是一種樂趣。)”是作者對(duì)字典的評(píng)價(jià)，與上文的“乏味”形成對(duì)比，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
03 考查前后句子相似結(jié)構(gòu)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，常有als等作為標(biāo)志詞。
【2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing n a diving bard fur feet high and asking himself the questin:“Shuld I jump? This is what mtivatin r the lack f it can d. Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f same cin. ___36___Like the child n the diving bard, yu will stay undecided.
___37___ Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal? First, yu need t evaluate yurself , yur values yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires ,etc. Only then shuld yur yu’re yur gals
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
F. Mtivatin is what yu need mst t d a gd jb.
G. Withut mtivatin yu can neither set a gal nr reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章作者對(duì)于怎樣設(shè)定具體目標(biāo)，給出了一些方法。
36.G 上文說(shuō)“動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一枚硬幣的兩面”。下文說(shuō)“就像孩子在跳水臺(tái)，難以決定”。該空承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“沒有目標(biāo)，你就既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)它”切題，故選G。
37.B 下文說(shuō)“不僅如此，你應(yīng)該如何為實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)保持積極性”。該空引出下文，B選項(xiàng)“那么你應(yīng)該如何激勵(lì)自己呢”切題，故選B。與B選項(xiàng)“S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself？”使用了相同的問(wèn)句形式“hw shuld yu...”
考點(diǎn)三 段尾句
若問(wèn)題在段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。也可以是承上啟下（過(guò)渡）句子。
01 段尾句考查總結(jié)概括句
要注意表示結(jié)尾總結(jié)的詞。
表概況歸納關(guān)系有：in shrt , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , t cnclude ,in cnclusin, in a wrd ,n the whle , t sum up 等。
【2024全國(guó)甲卷】What is mderatin (適度)? Basically, it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs. Yu shuld feel satisfied at the end f a meal, but nt t full. ____16____ But it desn't mean saying gdbye t the fds yu lve.
Take yur time. It's imprtant t slw dwn and think abut fd as smething nutritius rather than just smething t eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes fr yur brain t tell yur bdy that it has had enugh fd, s eat slwly and stp eating befre yu feel full.
Eat with thers whenever pssible. Eating alne, “specially in frnt f the TV r cmputer, ften leads t mindless vereating. And be careful abut the fds yu keep at hand. It's mre challenging t eat in mderatin if yu have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like ckies. ____18____
A Eat prperly thrughut the day.
B. We dn't always eat just t satisfy hunger.
C. Dn't swallw a meal n the way t wrk.
D. Mst f us need t duble the amunt we eat.
E. Instead, surrund yurself with healthy chices.
F. Fr many f us, mderatin means eating less than we d nw.
G. That wn't lead t cheating r giving up n yur new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E
【解析】
【16題詳解】
上文“Basically, it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs, Yu shuld feel satisfied at the end f a meal, but nt t full. (基本上，它意味著只吃你身體需要的食物，你應(yīng)該在用餐結(jié)束時(shí)感到滿足，但不要太飽)”指出，進(jìn)餐時(shí)不要吃太飽，吃東西要適量。下文“But it desn’t mean saying gdbye t the fds yu lve. (但這并不意味著要告別你喜歡的食物)”指出，適量進(jìn)食不是要放棄吃自己喜歡的食物。F項(xiàng)“對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來(lái)說(shuō)，節(jié)制意味著比現(xiàn)在少吃。”解釋了何為適量進(jìn)食。承上啟下，符合文意，選項(xiàng)中的“means”與下文一致。故選F項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Take yur time. It’s imprtant t slw dwn and think abut fd as smething nutritius rather than just smething t eat in between meetings. (慢慢來(lái)。放慢腳步，把食物看作是有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西，而不僅僅是會(huì)議間隙吃的東西，這一點(diǎn)很重要)”可推知，本段主要建議讀者吃東西要細(xì)嚼慢咽，不要過(guò)于急躁。C項(xiàng)“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽?！背薪由衔摹７衔囊?。故選C項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
上文“It’s mre challenging t eat in mderatin if yu have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like ckies. (如果你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了不健康的零食，比如餅干，那么適量食用就更具挑戰(zhàn)性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于適度飲食，E項(xiàng)“相反，你應(yīng)該選擇健康的食物?！狈衔囊猓ㄗh讀者選擇健康的食物。選項(xiàng)中的“healthy”與上文中的“unhealthy”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。
02 段尾句考查補(bǔ)充信息句
是對(duì)前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,這時(shí)要選擇補(bǔ)充性的語(yǔ)句。
【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins. ___16___ Certainly nt. The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld. Here are sme tips n making wise decisins t minimize pressure n the places we visit and imprve ur experience.
●Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu. ___17___
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何避免“過(guò)度旅游”的現(xiàn)象。
【16題詳解】
前文“Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins.(旅游促進(jìn)理解，擴(kuò)展我們的思想，使我們成為更好的人，促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社區(qū)，但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過(guò)度旅游)”表明旅游帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題，后文“The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld.(在當(dāng)今世界，失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，結(jié)合后文“Certainly nt.(當(dāng)然不)”可知，空處提問(wèn)能否停止旅行，D選項(xiàng)“那么，我們應(yīng)該停止旅行嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
【17題詳解】
前文“Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu.(游客過(guò)多的目的地是有原因的：它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個(gè)地方的帖子，很容易讓你覺得你錯(cuò)過(guò)了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時(shí)，才去某個(gè)地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游，C選項(xiàng)“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時(shí)的感受，忠實(shí)自己的感受，不用管其余的建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
03 段尾句考查承上啟下(過(guò)渡)句
段落間的過(guò)渡句,首先可以關(guān)注表示邏輯關(guān)系的銜接詞,再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則進(jìn)行答案的選擇。
【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. ___16___ But are all nline curses created equal? Hw can yu be sure that digital learning is right fr yu? ___17___
A. But that desn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Yur mtivatin shuld be yur main cncern.
C. D yu knw that nline curses are als part f yur educatin?
D. Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E. The chief cmplain t abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F. If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade?
G. A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
【答案】16. G 17. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了在線學(xué)習(xí)的注意事項(xiàng)。
【16題詳解】
由上文“In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. (在過(guò)去的幾年里，在線學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)生活的重要組成部分)”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)大學(xué)生活很重要，本空要說(shuō)跟“這種現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)”有關(guān)的話題，故G選項(xiàng)“A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses. (一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，29%的大學(xué)生注冊(cè)了在線課程。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G。
【17題詳解】
由上文“If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade? (但是所有的在線課程都是平等的嗎？你如何確定數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)適合你？)”可知，上文對(duì)在線課程提出疑問(wèn)，本空可以繼續(xù)提出疑問(wèn)，故F選項(xiàng)“If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade? (如果你參加了在線課程，你能做些什么來(lái)確保盡可能好的成績(jī)？)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F。
04考查半句話類選項(xiàng)
1. 根據(jù)空格前后的逗號(hào)，可以判斷是半句話類型的題型。
2. 判斷選項(xiàng)中哪些是半句話，縮小選擇范圍，它可以是從句、非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)等結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. 根據(jù)空格前后內(nèi)容確定答案。
【2023年全國(guó)乙卷】Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme. ____16____, but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry. What’s mre, indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
What are indr plants?
Indr plants, als knwn as huseplants r pt plants, are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species (物種) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
A. All plants are different
B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best
F. Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了什么是室內(nèi)植物、室內(nèi)植物帶來(lái)的好處及你能種植哪些室內(nèi)植物。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry.(而且研究表明，它們可以通過(guò)改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強(qiáng)記憶力來(lái)促進(jìn)人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成nt nly…but“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful(它們不僅看起來(lái)很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Many f these species (物種) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter.(這些品種中的許多都不適合在英國(guó)戶外生長(zhǎng)，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不適合在戶外寒冷的環(huán)境中生長(zhǎng)，即適合在溫暖的地方生長(zhǎng)。由此可知，D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它們?cè)跍嘏氖覂?nèi)生長(zhǎng)得更好)能夠承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
（2024·福建泉州·一模）Stress is unavidable in life. We all face it daily, whether it is a small incnvenience r a majr life challenge. Stress negatively affects all aspects f ur lives bth persnally and prfessinally. 1 S what can we d abut it? Here are sme helpful tips t fight stress, defeat it and mve n.
Priritize
2 The lnger yu let smething sit, the mre it will weigh n yu and take up valuable brain space.
Practice self-care
Here are the key aspects t self-care that s ften get frgtten：
●Drink water. Prevent tiredness, help digestin, yur skin and yur sleep.
●Stretch. Get xygen flwing int yur muscles befre r during a stressful situatin.
●Exercise regularly. Dn’t let yur busy schedule take pririty ver yur health.
● 3 Read, take a bath, g fr a run, listen t music, r phne a friend.
Cmmunicate
Find a netwrk f peple wh yu can vent (宣泄) t. This is a fantastic way t reduce bringing wrk trubles and stress hme with yu. Yu have the pprtunity t blw ff the first build-up f steam. 4
Breathe
Breathing deeply brings mre xygen int yur bdy, prducing endrphins (內(nèi)啡肽). They fight with crtisl, a chemical which is a result f anxiety r stress. Did yu knw breathing is respnsible fr mst f yur bdy’s detxificatin (排毒) 5 This critical part f calming yurself dwn allws yu the space and time t fcus n the prblem at hand and have a quiet mind t tackle what’s ahead f yu.
A．Find time fr yu.
B．Read and practice mre.
C．Crss ff the mst stressful tasks first.
D．S yu can g hme a bit mre calm and sensible.
E．In this way yu can cmmunicate with whever yu like t.
F．It can harm ur bdies, ur relatinships and ur verall quality f life.
G．It als increases energy, lwers bld pressure and slws yur heartbeat.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要討論了如何應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的壓力。
1．根據(jù)上文“Stress negatively affects all aspects f ur lives bth persnally and prfessinally.(壓力對(duì)我們生活的方方面面都有負(fù)面影響，無(wú)論是個(gè)人生活還是職業(yè)生活。)”可知，空處承接上文，具體說(shuō)明壓力的影響。F項(xiàng)中的“It”指代上文的“Stress”。F項(xiàng)：It can harm ur bdies, ur relatinships and ur verall quality f life.(它會(huì)損害我們的身體、人際關(guān)系和整體生活質(zhì)量。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。
2．根據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題“Priritize(優(yōu)先處理)”可知，本段主要討論的是“優(yōu)先處理”的重要性，即要先完成最重要或最緊急的任務(wù)。C項(xiàng)：Crss ff the mst stressful tasks first.(先完成最有壓力的任務(wù)。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
3．根據(jù)上文“Here are the-key aspects t self-care that s ften get frgtten：●Drink water. Prevent tiredness, help digestin, yur skin and yur sleep.●Stretch. Get xygen flwing int yur muscles befre r during a stressful situatin.●Exercise regularly. Dn’t let yur busy schedule take pririty ver yur health.(以下是經(jīng)常被忽視的自我照顧的關(guān)鍵方面：●喝水?？梢苑乐蛊?，幫助消化，滋潤(rùn)皮膚和改善睡眠?！裆煺埂Ｔ趬毫Υ蟮那闆r之前或之中，讓氧氣流入你的肌肉。●定期鍛煉。不要讓忙碌的日程安排凌駕于你的健康之上。)”可知，在前面的段落中提到了自我照顧的重要性，并列舉了一些具體的做法，如喝水、伸展、定期鍛煉等。A項(xiàng)：Find time fr yu.(為自己找時(shí)間。)顯然是自我照顧的另一方面，即給自己留出一些時(shí)間來(lái)放松和享受，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
4．根據(jù)上文“Find a netwrk f peple wh yu can vent (宣泄) t. This is a fantastic way t reduce bringing wrk trubles and stress hme with yu. Yu have the pprtunity t blw ff the first build-up f steam.(找一個(gè)你可以傾訴的人脈網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這是一個(gè)很好的方法，可以減少你把工作煩惱和壓力帶回家。你有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)泄掉最初積累的壓力。)”可知，上文提到找到可以傾訴的人是一種減少工作壓力和煩惱的好方法，有機(jī)會(huì)先釋放一些壓力?？仗巹t和上文形成因果關(guān)系，指出傾訴帶來(lái)的良好效果。D項(xiàng)：S yu can g hme a bit mre calm and sensible.(這樣你回家時(shí)就能更冷靜、更理智一些。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
5．根據(jù)上文“Breathing deeply brings mre xygen int yur bdy, prducing endrphins (內(nèi)啡肽). They fight with crtisl, a chemical which is a result f anxiety r stress. Did yu knw breathing is respnsible fr mst f yur bdy’s detxificatin (排毒)(深呼吸會(huì)為你的身體帶來(lái)更多的氧氣，從而產(chǎn)生內(nèi)啡肽。內(nèi)啡肽會(huì)抵抗焦慮或壓力產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)皮質(zhì)醇。你知道嗎，呼吸負(fù)責(zé)你身體大部分的排毒功能。)”可知，上文提到深呼吸可以為身體帶來(lái)更多的氧氣，產(chǎn)生內(nèi)啡肽，這種物質(zhì)可以對(duì)抗焦慮或壓力產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，空處承接上文，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明深呼吸帶來(lái)的好處。G項(xiàng)：It als increases energy, lwers bld pressure and slws yur heartbeat.(它還能增加能量，降低血壓，減緩心跳。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。
（2024·湖北·三模）D yu like spending time alne? If s, yu prbably knw that there are peple criticizing yu fr it. They think yu are alne because yu’re anxius abut being arund ther peple and just dn’t have very psitive relatinships with humans. 6
These have been the cmmn pinins n spending time alne fr far t lng. 7 Schlars believe that spending time alne helps yu break free frm pressures and is gd fr mental and physical health.
8 Yu need t feel the dissatisfactin with where yu’re nw t get the mtivatin t change and achieve what yu want. Being arund thers cnstantly might distract (轉(zhuǎn)移) yurself frm the infrmative feeling. Spending time alne enables yu t check hw yur life is in line with yur plans, r research resurces related t yur aims.
Yur creativity is increased when being alne. If yu are cnstantly in the presence f thers, yur mind is mre likely t be engaged in being scial. 9 Thse wh enjy creative pursuits, like writing and music, especially need t get alne time. If yu’re nt used t alne time, being alne while arund thers is a gd way t start, such as writing at a library r in a café.
Keeping yurself away frm thers imprves sleep quality. If yu are always busy with thers, yu may ntice that it’s difficult t wind dwn at night. Thse mments right befre yu fall asleep can be uncmfrtable if yu are nt used t being alne. 10 Cnsequently, yu feel mre cmfrtable transitining (過(guò)渡) frm wakefulness t sleep.
A．Alne time helps yu fcus n yur gals.
B．Or they assume yu are lnely and depressed.
C．Yu dn’t need t wrry abut pinins thers have.
D．Reasns fr being alne vary frm ne persn t anther.
E．Mre recently, the value f alneness has been increasingly recgnized.
F．Having space frm thers can free up yur mind t think f new ideas.
G．Taking time fr yurself can help yu practice being with yur thughts.
【答案】6．B 7．E 8．A 9．F 10．G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講獨(dú)處的好處。
6．由上文“D yu like spending time alne? If s, yu prbably knw that there are peple criticizing yu fr it. They think yu are alne because yu’re anxius abut being arund ther peple and just dn’t have very psitive relatinships with humans.(你喜歡獨(dú)處嗎？如果是這樣，你可能知道有人批評(píng)你。他們認(rèn)為你是孤獨(dú)的，因?yàn)槟銚?dān)心和別人在一起，只是和人類沒有很好的關(guān)系。)”可知，這里主要講一些人認(rèn)為獨(dú)處不好且分析其壞處。B項(xiàng)Or they assume yu are lnely and depressed.(或者他們認(rèn)為你很孤獨(dú)和沮喪。)符合語(yǔ)境，繼續(xù)講獨(dú)處不好的一面，有承上作用。故選B項(xiàng)。
7．由下文“Schlars believe that spending time alne helps yu break free frm pressures and is gd fr mental and physical health.(學(xué)者們認(rèn)為，獨(dú)處有助于你擺脫壓力，對(duì)身心健康有益。)”可知，這里主要講獨(dú)處的益處，E項(xiàng)Mre recently, the value f alneness has been increasingly recgnized.(最近，獨(dú)處的價(jià)值越來(lái)越得到認(rèn)可。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中the value f alneness與下文helps yu break free frm pressures and is gd fr mental and physical health對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。
8．由下文“Yu need t feel the dissatisfactin with where yu’re nw t get the mtivatin t change and achieve what yu want. Being arund thers cnstantly might distract (轉(zhuǎn)移) yurself frm the infrmative feeling. Spending time alne enables yu t check hw yur life is in line with yur plans, r research resurces related t yur aims.(你需要對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)感到不滿，才能獲得改變和實(shí)現(xiàn)你想要的東西的動(dòng)力。經(jīng)常和別人在一起可能會(huì)分散你對(duì)信息感的注意力。獨(dú)處可以讓你檢查你的生活是否符合你的計(jì)劃，或者與你的目標(biāo)相關(guān)的研究資源。)”可知，這里主要講和別人在一起可能會(huì)分散你對(duì)信息感的注意力，獨(dú)處卻可以讓你更注意到你的目標(biāo)，A項(xiàng)Alne time helps yu fcus n yur gals.(獨(dú)處時(shí)間有助于你專注于你的目標(biāo)。)符合語(yǔ)境，對(duì)下文有總括作用。故選A項(xiàng)。
9．由上文“If yu are cnstantly in the presence f thers, yur mind is mre likely t be engaged in being scial.(如果你經(jīng)常和別人在一起，你的大腦更有可能參與社交活動(dòng)。)”可知，這里主要講過(guò)多社交會(huì)讓你大腦繁忙，沒時(shí)間靜下來(lái)思考，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Having space frm thers can free up yur mind t think f new ideas.(與他人保持距離可以讓你的思想自由地思考新的想法。)符合語(yǔ)境，與上文形成對(duì)比，前后分析了與別人相處和獨(dú)處兩種情況下大腦的狀態(tài)。故選F項(xiàng)。
10．由上文“Keeping yurself away frm thers imprves sleep quality. If yu are always busy with thers, yu may ntice that it’s difficult t wind dwn at night. Thse mments right befre yu fall asleep can be uncmfrtable if yu are nt used t being alne. (遠(yuǎn)離他人可以提高睡眠質(zhì)量。如果你總是忙于他人，你可能會(huì)注意到晚上很難放松下來(lái)。如果你不習(xí)慣獨(dú)處，那么在你入睡前的那些時(shí)刻可能會(huì)讓你感到不舒服。)”可知，這里主要講如果你總是忙于他人，這會(huì)讓你睡前感到孤獨(dú)而不適應(yīng)，G項(xiàng)Taking time fr yurself can help yu practice being with yur thughts.(給自己留出時(shí)間可以幫助你練習(xí)與自己的想法相處。)符合語(yǔ)境，本句主要就上面的問(wèn)題提出解決方案，所以有承上作用。故選G項(xiàng)。
（2024·廣東·一模）A Jurney Thrugh Etymlgy and Lexicgraphy
The inventin f the dictinary was a mnumental step in the evlutin f language and cmmunicatin. 11 Withut a systematic way t reference the meanings and usage f wrds, language wuld be a far less precise tl fr expressin and understanding.
I have a cllectin f histrical dictinaries that I ften refer t fr their insights int the develpment f language. 12 I find it fascinating t trace the etymlgy f wrds and see hw their meanings have evlved ver time. These dictinaries are nt just tls fr spelling; they are windws int the past.
13 A gd dictinary shuld prvide a cmprehensive etymlgy, explaining the histrical develpment f a wrd frm its earliest knwn use t the present day. It shuld als include examples f usage frm different perids t shw hw the wrd's meaning and cnntatin have shifted.
My prized pssessin is a first editin f the Oxfrd English Dictinary, which I acquired at an auctin. 14 With its exhaustive entries and meticulus attentin t detail, it stands as a testament t the dedicatin and schlarly rigr f the lexicgraphers wh cmpiled it.
Hwever, the jurney f the dictinary did nt begin with the Oxfrd English Dictinary. 15 Earlier attempts at lexicgraphy, thugh less cmprehensive, laid the grundwrk fr the systematic study f language that we enjy tday.
A．I dn’t ften use this dictinary.
B．It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C．But I still dn’t want t replace them with mdern digital alternatives.
D．But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read, especially fr a lver f wrds.
E．Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling; it’s als a treasure trve f linguistic histry.
F．That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes, but als a deep understanding f wrd rigins.
G．Dictinaries f the past were nt as detailed r accurate as the nes we have tday.
【答案】11．D 12．E 13．A 14．C 15．G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了詞典的發(fā)明對(duì)語(yǔ)言和交流的重要性，以及作者對(duì)歷史詞典的個(gè)人興趣。
11．根據(jù)上文“The inventin f the dictinary was a mnumental step in the evlutin f language and cmmunicatin.(字典的發(fā)明是語(yǔ)言和交流進(jìn)化過(guò)程中具有里程碑意義的一步。)”和下文“Withut a systematic way t reference the meanings and usage f wrds, language wuld be a far less precise tl fr expressin and understanding.(沒有系統(tǒng)的方法來(lái)參考詞的含義和用法，語(yǔ)言將是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)不那么精確的表達(dá)和理解工具。)”可知，選項(xiàng)與前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，強(qiáng)調(diào)了詞典除了實(shí)用性外的閱讀樂趣且承接下文。故D選項(xiàng)“但對(duì)于熱愛詞語(yǔ)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，詞典閱讀可以是一種樂趣”切題。故選D項(xiàng)。
12．根據(jù)下文“I find it fascinating t trace the etymlgy f wrds and see hw their meanings have evlved ver time.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)追蹤單詞的詞源，看看它們的含義是如何隨著時(shí)間的推移而演變的，這很有趣)”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)追溯詞源并觀察它們隨時(shí)間演變的意義是很迷人的。選項(xiàng)E“當(dāng)然，詞典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫的；它也是語(yǔ)言歷史的寶庫(kù)” 與作者的興趣點(diǎn)相吻合。故選E項(xiàng)。
13．根據(jù)下文“A gd dictinary shuld prvide a cmprehensive etymlgy, explaining the histrical develpment f a wrd frm its earliest knwn use t the present day.(一個(gè)好的詞典應(yīng)該提供全面的詞源學(xué)，解釋一個(gè)詞從最早已知的用法到今天的歷史發(fā)展)”可知，選項(xiàng)A“我不經(jīng)常使用這本詞典”，與下文描述的作者對(duì)詞典的興趣和價(jià)值認(rèn)識(shí)形成對(duì)比，暗示這本不被經(jīng)常使用的詞典可能不具備這些特點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。
14．根據(jù)下文“With its exhaustive entries and meticulus attentin t detail, it stands as a testament t the dedicatin and schlarly rigr f the lexicgraphers wh cmpiled it.(以其詳盡的條目和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的一絲不茍，它證明了編纂它的詞典編纂者的奉獻(xiàn)精神和學(xué)術(shù)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。)”可知，選項(xiàng)C“但我仍然不想用現(xiàn)代數(shù)字替代品來(lái)替換它們”與作者對(duì)第一版牛津英語(yǔ)詞典的珍視和對(duì)傳統(tǒng)詞典的偏好相呼應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
15．根據(jù)下文“Earlier attempts at lexicgraphy, thugh less cmprehensive, laid the grundwrk fr the systematic study f language that we enjy tday.(早期的詞典編纂嘗試雖然不夠全面，但為今天我們享受的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)) ”可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說(shuō)明過(guò)去的詞典的不完善。故選項(xiàng)G“過(guò)去的詞典沒有我們現(xiàn)在擁有的那么詳細(xì)或準(zhǔn)確”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。
（2024·浙江紹興·一模）Teamwrk Dubles the Strength
Admittedly, teamwrk is literally imprtant fr any class r team t achieve its gals and bjectives. Let me give three reasns why it is advantageus.
As individuals, we pssess diverse talents, strengths, weaknesses and experiences. A team is just like a tapestry (織錦) that weaves what each f us pssesses, resulting in an end prduct that is diverse yet hmgenus (同種類的). As team members exchange thughts and experiences, there can be mre efficiency and effectiveness at prblem-slving. This pling f talents can als lead t greater innvatin and success. 16 . It wn the Premier League in 2016, t the utter disbelief f many sccer fans. Leicester City, previusly regarded as the underdg f the League, displayed extremely impressive teamwrk, which led t its unbelievable victry in sccer histry.
Next, teamwrk means members share the wrklad. When wrk is distributed and each f us in a team specializes in specific tasks, the stress n each f us is reduced and the cmpletin f tasks befre deadline is ensured. 17 .
18 . Team members learn frm mre experienced members wh may ffer deeper insights and perspectives. Newer members may als cntribute new ideas. Besides encuraging the sharing f knwledge and experiences, teamwrk als develps sft skills like cmmunicatin and interpersnal skills. 19 .
Sme may think that wrking in islatin (單獨(dú)) is mre efficient since mre time is taken when cperating with thers. Fr mre talented individuals, wrking alne means being the star f a prject. 20 . But, the lss f synergy (協(xié)同作用) that nly team effrt can generate may als prevent the team frm reaching its full ptential.
A．Take Leicester City fr example
B．Thus we can expect greater jb satisfactin
C．Team members can als be divided in pinins
D．They dn’t need t share the success with thers
E．Let’s nt wave away the chance t wrk in teams
F．And finally wrking in a team multiplies learning pprtunities
G．We learn t respect differences in wrking styles and pinins, and develp trust
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．F 19．G 20．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了團(tuán)隊(duì)合作之所以對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)達(dá)成目標(biāo)重要的三個(gè)原因。
16．下文“It wn the Premier League in 2016, t the utter disbelief f many sccer fans. Leicester City, previusly regarded as the underdg f the League, displayed extremely impressive teamwrk, which led t its unbelievable victry in sccer histry.(令許多球迷完全難以置信的是，它在2016年贏得了英超聯(lián)賽冠軍。萊斯特城曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是聯(lián)賽的失敗者，但他們表現(xiàn)出了令人印象深刻的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，從而取得了足球史上令人難以置信的勝利)”可知，萊斯特城在英超聯(lián)賽上的勝利是對(duì)上文觀點(diǎn)的舉例，A項(xiàng)“以萊斯特城為例”引出下文，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
17．上文“Next, teamwrk means members share the wrklad. When wrk is distributed and each f us in a team specializes in specific tasks, the stress n each f us is reduced and the cmpletin f tasks befre deadline is ensured.(其次，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作意味著成員分擔(dān)工作量。當(dāng)工作被分配，我們每個(gè)人都在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)中專門從事特定的任務(wù)時(shí)，我們每個(gè)人的壓力就會(huì)減少，并確保在截止日期前完成任務(wù))”說(shuō)明了團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的諸多益處，可以按時(shí)完成任務(wù)，和B項(xiàng)“因此，我們可以期待更高的工作滿意度”，與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步指明了因?yàn)閳F(tuán)隊(duì)成員分擔(dān)工作量之后，我們可以期待更高的工作滿意程度。故選B項(xiàng)。
18．下文“Team members learn frm mre experienced members wh may ffer deeper insights and perspectives.(團(tuán)隊(duì)成員向更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的成員學(xué)習(xí)，這些成員可能會(huì)提供更深入的見解和觀點(diǎn))”及“Besides encuraging the sharing f knwledge and experiences, teamwrk als develps sft skills like cmmunicatin and interpersnal skills.(除了鼓勵(lì)知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分享，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作還培養(yǎng)了溝通和人際交往能力等軟技能)”可知，本段想要介紹的是在團(tuán)隊(duì)工作中會(huì)學(xué)到很多東西，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“最后，在團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作可以增加學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)” 起到了對(duì)本段的總結(jié)概括作用，作為本段的主題句，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。
19．上文“Besides encuraging the sharing f knwledge and experiences, teamwrk als develps sft skills like cmmunicatin and interpersnal skills. (除了鼓勵(lì)知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分享，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作還培養(yǎng)了溝通和人際交往能力等軟技能)”和G項(xiàng)“我們學(xué)會(huì)尊重不同的工作方式和意見，并建立信任”構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的承接關(guān)系，指明了團(tuán)隊(duì)合作除了可以培養(yǎng)了溝通和人際交往能力等軟技能之外，還可以讓我學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)尊重不同的工作方式和意見，并建立信任。故選G項(xiàng)。
20．上文“Fr mre talented individuals, wrking alne means being the star f a prject.(對(duì)于更有才華的人來(lái)說(shuō)，獨(dú)自工作意味著成為項(xiàng)目的明星)”中的mre talented individuals和D項(xiàng)“他們不需要與他人分享成功”中的they指代一致，解釋了獨(dú)自工作意味著成為項(xiàng)目的明星的原因就是不需要與他人分享成功。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2024·湖南衡陽(yáng)·三模）With the develpment f glbalizatin, “intercnnectivity” has becme a buzzwrd (流行詞) f the mdern wrld. Althugh this trend brings lts f advantages, it can als present sme challenges. 21 Understanding and vercming cultural barriers is very imprtant in daily life. Here are sme tips n hw t prperly handle cultural differences.
Be self-aware and acknwledge differences. Mst crss-cultural misunderstandings cme frm a single-minded pinin. If we judge thers thrugh ur wn culture, we may end up with wrng interpretatins. Failing t acknwledge differences may easily lead t miscnceptins and even cnflicts. 22
D research and learn abut ther cultures. After cultural differences are acknwledged, it’s imprtant t learn mre abut them. 23 Understanding the reasning behind ne’s actins can reduce “wrng labeling” and lead t a mre effective cperatin and cmmunicatin prcess.
24 Try yur best t avid quick judgments and be pen t new beliefs and behavir. Find ut what yu have in cmmn and learn hw t make the best use f each unique characteristic. Respect the fact that thers have distinct cre values.
All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lt f wrk. 25 When yu meet peple frm different cultures and backgrunds next time, just be mindful, and stay pen-minded and patient.
A．One f them is cultural barriers.
B．Be pen-minded, adaptable and respectful.
C．Yu can either d yur wn research r simply ask thers abut them.
D．Emplyees shuld be prepared t wrk in a multicultural envirnment.
E．Hwever, the results f vercming these barriers far utweigh the effrt.
F．Actually, travelling abrad is nt the nly way t vercme cultural barriers.
G．Therefre, we shuld accept differences and learn mre abut thers’ backgrunds.
【答案】21．A 22．G 23．C 24．B 25．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章提供了處理文化差異的建議，包括自我認(rèn)知、學(xué)習(xí)不同文化和保持開放尊重的態(tài)度。
21．由上文“Althugh this trend brings lts f advantages, it can als present sme challenges.”（雖然這一趨勢(shì)帶來(lái)了很多好處，但也可能帶來(lái)一些挑戰(zhàn)）可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“挑戰(zhàn)”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)提到“它們其中之一就是文化障礙”，選項(xiàng)中的them指的就是前文提到的challenges。故選A。
22．由上文“Failing t acknwledge differences may easily lead t miscnceptins and even cnflicts.”（未能承認(rèn)差異很容易導(dǎo)致誤解甚至沖突）可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“接受差異”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。G選項(xiàng)提到“因此我們應(yīng)該接受差異并更多了解他人的背景”，G選項(xiàng)中的“we shuld accept differences”與上文的“acknwledge differences”相呼應(yīng)，differences是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G。
23．由上文“After cultural differences are acknwledged, it’s imprtant t learn mre abut them.”（在認(rèn)識(shí)到文化差異之后，重要的是要更多地了解它們）可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“了解文化差異”的方法相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)提到“你可以自己做研究或簡(jiǎn)單地向他人詢問(wèn)”，選項(xiàng)中的them和前一句的them均指代文化差異，符合邏輯。故選C。
24．空格處位于句首，是本段的主題句，由下文“Try yur best t avid quick judgments and be pen t new beliefs and behavir. Find ut what yu have in cmmn and learn hw t make the best use f each unique characteristic. Respect the fact that thers have distinct cre values.”（盡量避免草率的判斷，對(duì)新的信仰和行為持開放態(tài)度。找出你們的共同點(diǎn)，并學(xué)習(xí)如何充分利用每一個(gè)獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)。尊重他人有不同核心價(jià)值觀的事實(shí)。）可知，B選項(xiàng)提到“要保持開放的心態(tài)、適應(yīng)能力和尊重”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
25．由上文“All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lt f wrk.”（總而言之，處理文化差異是非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，需要大量的工作）可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“克服文化差異的好處”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。E選項(xiàng)提到“但是克服這些障礙的結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了付出的努力”，符合邏輯。故選E。
（2024·浙江臺(tái)州·一模）Hw Yur Brain Deceives Yu
Yur brain pssesses sme incredible abilities, frm recalling cnversatins with clse friends t tackling cmplex math prblems with ease. 26 At times, it may even verlk critical infrmatin, resulting in errrs that culd be bad fr yur well-being r health. 27
One f the biggest shrtcmings f yur brain is that it can get lazy. When trying t slve a prblem r make a decisin, yur mind ften falls back n slutins that have wrked in the past. While using shrtcuts can be a useful and effective apprach, they can als trip yu up and cause yu t make mistakes. Fr example, maybe yu’re terrified f flying because yu can think f several tragic, high-prfile plane crashes. In reality, traveling by air is much safer than traveling by car. 28
Mrever, yur brain might fail t detect significant changes ccurring in yur surrundings, a phenmenn referred t as change blindness. 29 — therwise, it will get verwhelmed. Seemingly nt like a huge prblem, it can have majr cnsequences accrding t sme research. Fr example, peple wh have jbs like air traffic cntrl can make ptentially disastrus errrs as a result f change blindness.
30 In the prcess, we twist reality t prtect ur self-esteem — in ther wrds, we dn’t want t wn up when we mess up. Why d we participate in the blame game? Researchers believe it’s t safeguard ur self-esteem and shield urselves frm the fear f failure. When adpting this mindset, we attribute negative utcmes t factrs beynd ur cntrl.
A．Yur brain has t priritize what it pays attentin t.
B．But it is nt that perfect and pen t imperfectins.
C．This realizatin can carry yu thrugh sme unnecessary errrs.
D．Hwever, yu can avid sme f these errrs by acquiring a better understanding f them.
E．It ges withut saying that yur brain is incapable f prcessing all infrmatin at the the same time.
F．When smething ges wrng, yur brain instinctively seeks smene r smething t hld respnsible.
G．Hwever, yur brain is using a mental shrtcut t fl yu int believing flying is mre dangerus than it is.
【答案】26．B 27．D 28．G 29．A 30．F
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要討論了大腦的一些不足之處，如傾向于使用過(guò)去解決問(wèn)題的方法、對(duì)周圍環(huán)境變化的忽視以及責(zé)任推卸等。文章提示讀者通過(guò)了解這些錯(cuò)誤，可以避免它們帶來(lái)的影響。
26．上文“Yur brain pssesses sme incredible abilities, frm recalling cnversatins with clse friends t tackling cmplex math prblems with ease.(你的大腦擁有一些不可思議的能力，從回憶與密友的對(duì)話到輕松解決復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題)”說(shuō)明大腦具備一些不可思議的能力，以及下文“At times, it may even verlk critical infrmatin, resulting in errrs that culd be bad fr yur well-being r health.(有時(shí)，它甚至可能忽略關(guān)鍵信息，導(dǎo)致可能對(duì)您的健康或幸福不利的錯(cuò)誤)”說(shuō)明大腦也可能忽略關(guān)鍵信息，導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)，B項(xiàng)“但它并不是那么完美，對(duì)不完美開放?！迸c上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并引出下文，符合題意。故選B。
27．上文“At times, it may even verlk critical infrmatin, resulting in errrs that culd be bad fr yur well-being r health.(有時(shí)，它甚至可能忽略關(guān)鍵信息，導(dǎo)致可能對(duì)您的健康或幸福不利的錯(cuò)誤)”說(shuō)明大腦有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)，D項(xiàng)errrs與上文中的errrs為復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，D項(xiàng)“但是，通過(guò)更好地了解這些錯(cuò)誤，您可以避免其中一些錯(cuò)誤?！迸c上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文各段落的內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選D。
28．上文“Fr example, maybe yu’re terrified f flying because yu can think f several tragic, high-prfile plane crashes. In reality, traveling by air is much safer than traveling by car.(例如，也許你害怕飛行，因?yàn)槟隳芟氲綆灼鸨瘎?，高調(diào)的飛機(jī)失事。事實(shí)上，乘飛機(jī)旅行比開車旅行安全得多)”以乘坐飛機(jī)為例，說(shuō)明大腦的缺點(diǎn)之一是它會(huì)變得懶惰，思維模式會(huì)回到過(guò)去行之有效的解決方案上，G項(xiàng)中flying是關(guān)鍵詞，G項(xiàng)“然而，你的大腦正在使用一種心理捷徑來(lái)欺騙你，讓你相信飛行比實(shí)際更危險(xiǎn)。”說(shuō)明上文現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因，符合題意。故選G。
29．上文“Mrever, yur brain might fail t detect significant changes ccurring in yur surrundings, a phenmenn referred t as change blindness.(此外，你的大腦可能無(wú)法檢測(cè)到周圍環(huán)境發(fā)生的重大變化，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為變化盲)”說(shuō)明大腦無(wú)法檢測(cè)周圍環(huán)境發(fā)生的重大變化這一現(xiàn)象，A項(xiàng)“你的大腦必須優(yōu)先考慮它所關(guān)注的事情?！闭f(shuō)明上文現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因，并引出下文“therwise, it will get verwhelmed.(否則，它將不堪重負(fù))”的結(jié)果，符合題意。故選A。
30．下文“In the prcess, we twist reality t prtect ur self-esteem—in ther wrds, we dn’t want t wn up when we mess up. Why d we participate in the blame game? Researchers believe it’s t safeguard ur self-esteem and shield urselves frm the fear f failure.(在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們歪曲現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)保護(hù)我們的自尊——換句話說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們陷入困境時(shí)，我們不想承認(rèn)。我們?yōu)槭裁匆獏⑴c指責(zé)游戲？研究人員認(rèn)為，這是為了保護(hù)我們的自尊，保護(hù)自己免受失敗的恐懼)”說(shuō)明我們會(huì)指責(zé)其他人，以保護(hù)自己的自尊，保護(hù)自己免受失敗的恐懼，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“當(dāng)事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)，你的大腦會(huì)本能地尋找某人或某事來(lái)承擔(dān)責(zé)任?！闭f(shuō)明事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)，大腦的本能反應(yīng)，引出下文這一過(guò)程出現(xiàn)的原因，符合題意。故選F。
（2024·江蘇南京·一模）Pursue Yur Dreams Tday, Nt Tmrrw
Have yu caught yurself daydreaming abut yur dreams? We ften pstpne ur dreams, trapped in a cycle f delay. But why wait? 1 Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step. Yu can take minute steps tward a brighter future. And start right nw.
2 If yu never try, yu’re ging t be weighed dwn by yur regrets. Yu’re always ging t wnder hw yur life wuld’ve turned ut if yu actually tk a chance n yurself. Dn’t let yur future self be disappinted by yur present self.
It desn’t matter hw ld yu are r hw many peple have warned yu that yu’re never ging t succeed. Even the mst successful peple have had their hesitatins abut whether they had what it tk t make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset f determinatin, knwing that success is within yur reach.
At the end f the day, yu need t carve ut a path fr yurself that will lead t the mst satisfactin. If yu allw yur fear t get the best f yu, yu’re never ging t frgive yurself. 4 . It’s what yu wuld encurage yur friends t d, s why aren’t yu giving yurself that same push?
Smetimes, fllwing yur passin means spending a lt f yur time each day. It may require making slight adjustments t yur schedule, but yu dn’t have t sacrifice everything t fllw yur hearts. Try t strike a balance between yur current life and yur dreams. 5 .
Pursue yur dreams nw, even thugh that means yu might need t break ut f yur cmfrt zne, and even thugh it means entering the unknwn.
A．If things g well, yu can gradually make further shifts.
B．Ask yurself what wuld be wrse.
C．Starting small is cmpletely acceptable.
D．Yu need t mve past yur insecurities and explre yur full ptential.
E．New pprtunities may lead t persnal grwth.
F．Hard as it is, it’s crucial t wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind.
G．Yu we it t yurself t g after yur dreams.
【答案】1．C 2．G 3．F 4．B 5．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了如何追求自己的夢(mèng)想的一些建議。
1．根據(jù)上文“But why wait? (但為什么要等呢?)”以及下文“Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step. (你不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊健?”可知，空格處應(yīng)該說(shuō)明的是從小事情開始。選項(xiàng)C. Starting small is cmpletely acceptable. (從小處開始是完全可以接受的。) 中“Starting small”呼應(yīng)上文的“But why wait?”以及下文“Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step”；所以選項(xiàng)C能夠承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
2．根據(jù)下文“If yu never try, yu’re ging t be weighed dwn by yur regrets. (如果你從不嘗試，你就會(huì)被你的遺憾壓垮。)”可知，空格處作為本段的主題句說(shuō)明的是“要去追求自己的夢(mèng)想?！边x項(xiàng)G. Yu we it t yurself t g after yur dreams. (你有責(zé)任去追求你的夢(mèng)想。)能夠引出下文。故選G。
3．根據(jù)上文“Even the mst successful peple have had their hesitatins abut whether they had what it tk t make it in their field. (即使是最成功的人也會(huì)猶豫自己是否有能力在自己的領(lǐng)域取得成功。)”以及下文“Embrace a mindset f determinatin, knwing that success is within yur reach. (擁有一種堅(jiān)定的心態(tài)，知道成功是觸手可及的。)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該說(shuō)明的是“我們要擺脫自己的懷疑，堅(jiān)定自己的心態(tài)”。選項(xiàng)F. Hard as it is, it’s crucial t wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind. (雖然很難，但關(guān)鍵是要擺脫你內(nèi)心深處的懷疑。)能夠承上啟下，“wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind”與下文“Embrace a mindset f determinatin”相呼應(yīng)。故選F。
4．根據(jù)上文“If yu allw yur fear t get the best f yu, yu’re never ging t frgive yurself. (如果你讓恐懼占據(jù)了你最好的一面，你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒自己。)”以及下文“It’s what yu wuld encurage yur friends t d, s why aren’t yu giving yurself that same push? (這是你會(huì)鼓勵(lì)你的朋友做的事，那你為什么不給自己同樣的動(dòng)力呢?)”可知，空格處說(shuō)明的是“鼓勵(lì)的建議”，且是能夠消除恐懼；選項(xiàng)B. Ask yurself what wuld be wrse. (問(wèn)自己什么情況會(huì)更糟。)為一個(gè)建議，且是能夠減輕恐懼感；能夠承上啟下。故選B。
5．根據(jù)上文“It may require making slight adjustments t yur schedule, but yu dn’t have t sacrifice everything t fllw yur hearts. Try t strike a balance between yur current life and yur dreams. (有時(shí)候，追隨你的激情意味著每天花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間。這可能需要對(duì)你的時(shí)間表做一些調(diào)整，但你不必為了跟隨自己的內(nèi)心而犧牲一切。)”說(shuō)明的是不必為了跟隨自己的內(nèi)心而犧牲一切，需要慢慢來(lái)?？崭裉帪楸径蔚目偨Y(jié)，所以應(yīng)該說(shuō)明的是“如果取得了進(jìn)步之后，再調(diào)整”。選項(xiàng)A. If things g well, yu can gradually make further shifts. (如果一切順利，你可以逐漸做出進(jìn)一步的改變。)能夠承接上文。故選A。
（2024·浙江嘉興·一模）Bxing has been practiced fr centuries— it was even ne f the sprts in the riginal Olympic Games in ancient Greece. 6 Hundreds f thusands f peple frm all walks f life participate in the sprt every week. But why? The answer lies in the physical, mental and even scial benefits bxing can bring.
Its physical benefits are clear. Whether it’s practicing with a punching (拳打) bag, training with a partner r facing an ppnent in the ring, bxing can be an intense frm f exercise and give a full- bdy wrkut. 7 And it can als increase anaerbic (無(wú)氧的) fitness— allwing smene t wrk ut harder, fr lnger. These can, in turn, psitively impact ther aspects f physical well- being, like heart health and weight management.
8 Bxing can als psitively impact smene’s mental well- being. Dr Jessica Pinchbeck, Senir Lecturer in Sprt and Fitness at the Open University, says that bxing can relieve sme f the symptms (癥狀) f anxiety and depressin. Exercising regularly is already widely knwn t be gd fr mental health, but bxing can als bring a sense f discipline and fcus.
And there is a third benefit t putting n the bxing glves. Practicing punches can be dne alne, f curse. 9 It als invlves wrking with thers t train and stay safe. Dr Gavin Williams, Senir Lecturer in Educatin at the Open University, says that this cperatin and team wrk can create a sense f identity and belnging. 10
A．It can imprve muscular strength.
B．But bxing is nt just an individual activity.
C．S the interactive elements bring scial benefits.
D．S bxing als strengthens a sense f cmmunity.
E．Mre recently, bxing has becme the mainstream in the UK.
F．But the high physical demands f the sprt aren’t just gd fr the bdy.
G．It prmtes self- defense skills, helping build cnfidence t prtect neself.
【答案】6．E 7．A 8．F 9．B 10．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要圍繞“拳擊”這一主題，從多個(gè)角度（身體、心理、社交等）介紹了拳擊的好處，并輔以專家觀點(diǎn)和具體描述來(lái)增強(qiáng)說(shuō)服力。
6．由上文“Bxing has been practiced fr centuries— it was even ne f the sprts in the riginal Olympic Games in ancient Greece. (拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)有幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的歷史了，它甚至是古希臘奧運(yùn)會(huì)的比賽項(xiàng)目之一。)”可知，前一句提到拳擊已經(jīng)存在了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，甚至是古希臘奧運(yùn)會(huì)中的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，接下來(lái)需要描述拳擊在現(xiàn)代的普及情況。E選項(xiàng)提到“Mre recently, bxing has becme the mainstream in the UK. (最近，拳擊已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)的主流運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”與前文形成了對(duì)比，能承接上文，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。
7．根據(jù)前文“Its physical benefits are clear. Whether it’s practicing with a punching (拳打) bag, training with a partner r facing an ppnent in the ring, bxing can be an intense frm f exercise and give a full- bdy wrkut. (它對(duì)身體的好處是顯而易見的。無(wú)論是用沙袋練習(xí)，與伙伴一起訓(xùn)練還是在拳擊場(chǎng)上面對(duì)對(duì)手，拳擊都是一種激烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，可以鍛煉全身。)”可知，此處在講述拳擊對(duì)身體的好處，所以A項(xiàng)“It can imprve muscular strength. (它可以增強(qiáng)肌肉力量。)”符合本段主題，并和后文“And it can als increase anaerbic (無(wú)氧的) fitness— allwing smene t wrk ut harder, fr lnger. (它還可以提高無(wú)氧適應(yīng)性 —— 讓人們鍛煉得更努力、更持久)”構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。
8．設(shè)空位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文“Bxing can als psitively impact smene’s mental well- being. Dr Jessica Pinchbeck, Senir Lecturer in Sprt and Fitness at the Open University, says that bxing can relieve sme f the symptms (癥狀) f anxiety and depressin. Exercising regularly is already widely knwn t be gd fr mental health, but bxing can als bring a sense f discipline and fcus. (英國(guó)開放大學(xué)體育與健身高級(jí)講師杰西卡·平奇貝克博士說(shuō)，拳擊可以緩解一些焦慮和抑郁的癥狀。眾所周知，經(jīng)常鍛煉對(duì)心理健康有益，但拳擊也能帶來(lái)自律感和專注感。)”可知，本段主要講述拳擊對(duì)心理健康的好處，所以F項(xiàng)“But the high physical demands f the sprt aren’t just gd fr the bdy. (但是這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身體的高要求不僅僅對(duì)身體有好處。)”符合本段主題，和上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并引出下文。故選F項(xiàng)。
9．根據(jù)前文“Practicing punches can be dne alne, f curse. (當(dāng)然，練習(xí)出拳可以獨(dú)自完成。)”以及后文“It als invlves wrking with thers t train and stay safe. (它還包括與其他人一起訓(xùn)練和保持安全。)”可知，B項(xiàng)“But bxing is nt just an individual activity. (但是拳擊不僅僅是個(gè)人的運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并引出下文，符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。
10．設(shè)空位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“It als invlves wrking with thers t train and stay safe. Dr Gavin Williams, Senir Lecturer in Educatin at the Open University, says that this cperatin and team wrk can create a sense f identity and belnging. (它還包括與其他人一起訓(xùn)練和保持安全。開放大學(xué)教育高級(jí)講師加文·威廉姆斯博士說(shuō)，這種合作和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作可以創(chuàng)造一種認(rèn)同感和歸屬感。)”可知，講述拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)中和他人合作的好處，所以C項(xiàng)“S the interactive elements bring scial benefits. (所以互動(dòng)元素帶來(lái)了社會(huì)效益。)”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2024·湖南永州·一模）At the peak f achievement, Olympians have trained their entire lives t reach their gal f standing n the winner’s platfrm. Nt nly d Olympic athletes tne their bdies int near perfectin, but they sharpen their minds as well. 11 . Researchers have fund Olympians share sme cmmn habits that yu t can use t develp a winner’s mindset.
View stress as psitive. Many successful Olympians view stress as a challenge instead f smething they shuld fear. A previus experiment published lked at hw peple viewed stress. It fund the risk f premature death rse by 43% fr peple wh viewed stress negatively. 12 .
Get rid f self-dubt. There is n rm fr dubt in the minds f Olympic athletes. They have t believe they’re capable f perfrming well r they have already given the cmpetitin the advantage. 13 , because they have spent much time practicing their perfrmance and learning frm failures alng the way.
Stay fcused n the prcess. 14 . It’s imprtant t identify any triggers (起因) yu might face and experience thse during practice until they fade int the backgrund. Athletes have t be prepared fr distractins such as crwd nise, smene laughing, even a jke tld nearby.
15 . Many f the mst mentally tugh and resilient (有復(fù)原力的) athletes have a histry f vercming difficulties in their past. Resilience is the piece f us that allws us t get up every time we’ re kncked dwn. It’s really hard t build resilience unless ne has been challenged. In fact, there are many remarkable athletes wh faced unpleasant situatins and were amazingly resilient.
A．Learn t bunce back
B．Learn t challenge yurself
C．They ften feel extremely cnfident
D．They have t g int the event with cmplete cnfidence
E．Mental strength, fcus and resilience dn’t cme withut effrt
F．Tp perfrmers must cncentrate n their gals during the big event
G．Thse viewing stress as a psitive had the lwest risk f death in the study
【答案】11．E 12．G 13．D 14．F 15．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了奧運(yùn)選手的成功習(xí)慣，并提供了如何培養(yǎng)贏家心態(tài)的建議。
11．根據(jù)前文“Nt nly d Olympic athletes tne their bdies int near perfectin, but they sharpen their minds as well. (奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)員不僅將他們的身體鍛煉得近乎完美，而且還磨礪了他們的心智。)” “Researchers have fund Olympians share sme cmmn habits that yu t can use t develp a winner’s mindset. (研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，奧運(yùn)選手有一些共同的習(xí)慣，你也可以利用這些習(xí)慣來(lái)培養(yǎng)贏家的心態(tài)。)”可知，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)的身體和心智都是很強(qiáng)的，但并不是很容易就可以獲得，空處應(yīng)承上啟下，與E項(xiàng)“Mental strength, fcus and resilience dn’t cme withut effrt (心智力量、專注力和復(fù)原力都不是不費(fèi)吹灰之力就能獲得的。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故選E項(xiàng)。
12．根據(jù)上文“View stress as psitive. Many successful Olympians view stress as a challenge instead f smething they shuld fear. A previus experiment published lked at hw peple viewed stress. It fund the risk f premature death rse by 43% fr peple wh viewed stress negatively. (將壓力視為積極因素。許多成功的奧運(yùn)選手將壓力視為一種挑戰(zhàn)，而不是他們應(yīng)該害怕的東西。之前發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了人們?nèi)绾慰创龎毫?。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)壓力持負(fù)面看法的人過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了43%。)”可知，本段主要講述把壓力視為積極因素的好處，與G項(xiàng)“Thse viewing stress as a psitive had the lwest risk f death in the study (在這項(xiàng)研究中，那些將壓力視為積極因素的人死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故選G項(xiàng)。
13．根據(jù)前文“Get rid f self- dubt. There is n rm fr dubt in the minds f Olympic athletes. They have t believe they’re capable f perfrming well r they have already given the cmpetitin the advantage. (擺脫自我懷疑。在奧運(yùn)健兒的心中沒有懷疑的余地。他們必須相信自己有能力表現(xiàn)出色，否則他們就已經(jīng)給了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手優(yōu)勢(shì)。)”與D項(xiàng)“They have t g int the event with cmplete cnfidence (他們必須滿懷信心地參加活動(dòng))”上下文一致，符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)。
14．根據(jù)上文“Stay fcused n the prcess. (專注于過(guò)程。)”可知，選手必須專注于他們的目標(biāo)，與F項(xiàng)“Tp perfrmers must cncentrate n their gals during the big event (表現(xiàn)最好的人必須在大型活動(dòng)期間專注于他們的目標(biāo))”上下文一致，符合文意，故選F項(xiàng)。
15．根據(jù)下文“Many f the mst mentally tugh and resilient 有復(fù)原力的) athletes have a histry f vercming difficulties in their past. Resilience is the piece f us that allws us t get up every time we’ re kncked dwn. It’s really hard t build resilience unless ne has been challenged. In fact, there are many remarkable athletes wh faced unpleasant situatins and were amazingly resilient. (許多最具心理韌性和復(fù)原力的運(yùn)動(dòng)員都有克服過(guò)去困難的歷史。韌性是我們身上的一部分，它使我們每次被擊倒后都能重新站起來(lái)。除非一個(gè)人受到過(guò)挑戰(zhàn)，否則真的很難培養(yǎng)韌性。事實(shí)上，有許多杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員面臨過(guò)不愉快的情況，但卻有著驚人的復(fù)原力。)”可知，本段主要講述運(yùn)動(dòng)員有克服困難的經(jīng)歷以及復(fù)原力的重要性，與A項(xiàng)“Learn t bunce back (學(xué)會(huì)恢復(fù))”上下文一致，符合文意，故選A項(xiàng)。
（2024·北京西城·二模）Want t write better? There’s a new bk that says simple writing is best.
D yu check yur text messages befre sending? 16 If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.
This bk argues that it’s imprtant t write carefully, even fr quick messages. Tdd Rgers and Jessica Lasky Fink, frm Harvard, wrte “Writing Fr Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyne’s busy tday. Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts. 17 Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.
The authrs share gd writing tips, like cutting unnecessary wrds and using simple wrds everyne knws. They say it’s imprtant t keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is mre. Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%). 18
The same is true fr text messages. In anther test, they sent a shrt message asking parents t take a survey. It gt mre respnses than a lnger, mre sympathetic ne. Smetimes, being shrt and clear wrks better than being kind but ignred. It’s nt just what yu say, but hw quickly yu say it that matters.
It’s nt just abut wrd cunt. 19 Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect. Shrt, active sentences with cmmn wrds are best.
Frm psts t nline reviews, fllwing these rules gets mre likes and shares. Serius writers shuld pay attentin t. A study fund that cmpanies using lng sentences and cmplicated wrds were seen as less mral and trustwrthy.
20 It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.
A．If everyne is a busy reader, everyne is a busy writer t.
B．They can als get puzzled by scial media platfrms.
C．If yu d, yu prbably like making even the simplest messages perfect.
D．They fund that lnger messages make peple think the task will take lnger.
E．Keeping messages t ne idea, r as few as pssible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted n.
F．Yur gal is t cnvey enugh passin that yur readers think the issue in yur message is wrth caring abut.
G．Explaining the thinking behind yur messages will allw readers t see that yu knw what yu’re talking abut.
【答案】16．C 17．B 18．D 19．E 20．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了一本關(guān)于如何更好地寫作的書。
16．上文“D yu check yur text messages befre sending?(你發(fā)短信前檢查過(guò)嗎？)”提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題：你發(fā)短信前檢查過(guò)嗎？結(jié)合下文“If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.(如果不，你可能更喜歡快速完成任務(wù)，即使它們并不完美)”可知，空處是描述肯定的情況，C項(xiàng)“如果你檢查，你可能喜歡把最簡(jiǎn)單的信息變得完美”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。
17．上文“Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts.(人們每天都會(huì)收到很多信息，從電子郵件到短信)”提到，人們每天都會(huì)收到很多信息，結(jié)合下文“Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.(幾乎每個(gè)人每天都會(huì)多次決定要讀什么、略讀什么或忽略什么)”可知，人們會(huì)對(duì)社交媒體平臺(tái)收到的很多信息感到困惑，B項(xiàng)“他們也會(huì)對(duì)社交媒體平臺(tái)感到困惑”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。
18．根據(jù)上文“Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%).(例如，他們給數(shù)千名學(xué)校董事會(huì)成員發(fā)了一封電子郵件，要求他們參加一項(xiàng)調(diào)查。他們把郵件縮短了，從127個(gè)單詞縮短到49個(gè)單詞，得到了兩倍的回復(fù)(從2.7%增加到4.8%))”可知，縮短郵件得到了兩倍的回復(fù)，D項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，較長(zhǎng)的信息會(huì)讓人們認(rèn)為完成任務(wù)需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間”對(duì)上文進(jìn)一步闡釋，故選D。
19．根據(jù)上文“It’s nt just abut wrd cunt.(這不僅僅是字?jǐn)?shù)的問(wèn)題)”和下文“Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect.(減少選項(xiàng)的數(shù)量也有同樣的效果)”可知，本段是描述縮短郵件得到更多回復(fù)的原因，E項(xiàng)“將信息集中在一個(gè)想法上，或者盡可能少，有助于確保它們被閱讀、記住并采取行動(dòng)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。
20．空處是段首主題句，根據(jù)下文“It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.(快速發(fā)送信息并寄希望于最好的結(jié)果可能是誘人的。但是花時(shí)間為讀者寫作是有好處的。如果你發(fā)送了一條匆忙的信息，而讀者卻忽略了它，那就好像你根本沒有發(fā)送它一樣)”可知，本段是說(shuō)要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間寫信息，匆忙的信息得不到好的效果，A項(xiàng)“如果每個(gè)人都是忙碌的讀者，那么每個(gè)人也都是忙碌的作家”適合作為本段主題句，故選A。
（2024·北京·三模）Everyne carries a shield（屏障）. Our shields prtect what we dn’t want thers t see, frm ur embarrassing secrets t ur unpredictable feelings. 21 But the prblem is that shields can becme heavy burdens — easy t put n yet difficult t remve — with terrible effects.
Since shields encurage us t hide negative parts f urselves, we can start t believe that we aren’t wrth shwing. We might fear hw ur friends will judge ur struggles r hw ur families will view ur ambitins. 22
Hwever, we have t remember that we aren’t perfect, nr shuld we expect t be. We need t find and cure the wunds underneath ur shields, but that means we have t let dwn ur guard. We may even have prblems we haven’t admitted t urselves. 23 Even if it seems insignificant, every prblem shuld be acknwledged befre it grws. Befre being cured, we must knw that we need t be cured, and be kay with admitting that.
Knwing this takes bravery and patience, s it’ll be hard. 24 Yet asking fr help means admitting ur prblems t smebdy else — it means letting them see what’s behind ur shields. T make it easier, we can reveal urselves t smebdy clse t us wh we trust will understand us and prvide persnal supprt. Or, if we fear judgement, we can pen up t smene distant but knwledgeable, such as a cunsellr r a help line. N matter what, we can find help when we begin searching.
25 We can be mre frgiving f faults s we can becme cmfrtable with urs and encurage thers t fllw. Mst imprtantly, we can let peple knw that we are willing t listen and help and make it easier t let dwn ur shields.
A．This is nt a bad thing.
B．We need t be understd.
C．We shuldn’t expect t d any f it withut help.
D．In shrt, we have the pwer t change this phenmenn.
E．Hence we decide t hide urselves underneath ur masks.
F．If yu can’t trust yur partner, it wn’t be easy t let them in.
G．Maybe we’re hiding smething frm a friend r scared t admit an errr.
【答案】21．A 22．E 23．G 24．C 25．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了每個(gè)人都帶著屏障，這帶來(lái)了消極的影響，所以我們要學(xué)會(huì)改變這種想象。
21．根據(jù)上文“Our shields prtect what we dn’t want thers t see, frm ur embarrassing secrets t ur unpredictable feelings.”（我們的屏障保護(hù)著我們不想讓別人看到的東西，從我們尷尬的秘密到我們不可預(yù)測(cè)的感受）再根據(jù)下文“But the prblem is that shields can becme heavy burdens — easy t put n yet difficult t remve — with terrible effects.”（但問(wèn)題是，屏障會(huì)成為沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)——容易戴上卻很難取下——帶來(lái)可怕的后果）可知，后文進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)的是不好的結(jié)果，選項(xiàng)與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故A選項(xiàng)“這不是一件壞事”切題。故選A項(xiàng)。
22．根據(jù)上文“Since shields encurage us t hide negative parts f urselves, we can start t believe that we aren’t wrth shwing. We might fear hw ur friends will judge ur struggles r hw ur families will view ur ambitins.”（因?yàn)槠琳瞎膭?lì)我們隱藏自己的消極部分，我們可以開始相信我們不值得展示。我們可能會(huì)擔(dān)心朋友會(huì)如何評(píng)價(jià)我們的奮斗，或者家人會(huì)如何看待我們的抱負(fù)。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說(shuō)明導(dǎo)致的不良結(jié)果。故E選項(xiàng)“因此我們決定把自己藏在面具下”切題。故選E項(xiàng)。
23．根據(jù)上文“We may even have prblems we haven’t admitted t urselves.”（我們甚至可能會(huì)遇到自己沒有承認(rèn)的問(wèn)題）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文繼續(xù)說(shuō)明自己的問(wèn)題。故G選項(xiàng)“也許我們對(duì)朋友有所隱瞞，或者害怕承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤?！鼻蓄}。故選G項(xiàng)。
24．根據(jù)下文“Yet asking fr help means admitting ur prblems t smebdy else — it means letting them see what’s behind ur shields.”（然而，尋求幫助意味著向別人承認(rèn)我們的問(wèn)題——意味著讓他們看到我們屏障后面的東西）可知，選項(xiàng)與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系說(shuō)明我們需要幫助。故C選項(xiàng)“我們不應(yīng)該指望在沒有幫助的情況下做任何事情?！鼻蓄}。故選C項(xiàng)。
25．根據(jù)下文“We can be mre frgiving f faults s we can becme cmfrtable with urs and encurage thers t fllw. Mst imprtantly, we can let peple knw that we are willing t listen and help and make it easier t let dwn ur shields.”（我們可以更加寬容自己的錯(cuò)誤，這樣我們就能對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤感到舒適，并鼓勵(lì)別人效仿。最重要的是，我們可以讓人們知道我們?cè)敢鈨A聽和幫助，讓他們更容易放下我們的屏障。）可知，后文都在說(shuō)我們是可以改變自己的。故D選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們有能力改變這種現(xiàn)象”切題，為本段的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2024·北京大興·三模）The nly wrds yu need t say after receiving a cmpliment (贊美) are “thank yu”. But yu knw that's easier said than dne.
There are many reasns why yu have a hard time accepting cmpliments. 26 It's a three step prcess. First, believe what peple tell yu. If yu're still having a hard time taking the cmpliment, duble check. And if it's still hard t accept then yu'll have t check yurself.
27 Fr example, if yu're six feet tall and I say, “Ww, yu're tall! ” I'm being hnest. I'm five ft nine, s plenty f peple are tall cmpared t me. I'm expressing that subjectively, frm my shrter vantage pint, yu are tall. I'm nt saying everyne wuld agree with me. Just like if I say City f Gd is a great mvie, I'm nt saying yu have t think it's a great mvie.
Yu have t listen carefully t cmpliments. It's nt always bvius if yu're being cmplimented fr smething nly thers can bserve. If yu are five ft six inches tall, and weigh seventy punds, I wuld say yu are slim. But if yu are cmparing yurself t smene wh is shrter, and weighs five punds less than yu, yu might call yurself plump. In this extreme example, the utside perspective is mre accurate than the internal ne. 28
If yu're still struggling t accept a cmpliment, yu dn't just have t take smene at their wrd. It can be hard t accept an pinin when it's the ppsite f yurs, s call in reinfrcements. Ask smene else what they think. 29 Yu can ask tw r three r fur mre peple if tw isn't enugh.
30 If yu mislead r lie t peple abut yur pinins, then it's nt surprising that yu have a hard time trusting that peple's cmpliments are genuine. Be mre hnest with peple arund yu, and yu'll find it much easier t believe what peple say abut yu.
A．They will be the tie breaker.
B．Yu can check with smene else instead.
C．The causes are cmplicated but the path t accepting cmpliments is simpler.
D．Hw hnest are yu with yur friends and family when they ask fr yur pinin?
E．When smene is trying t pay yu a cmpliment, they are speaking subjectively.
F．When smene pays yu a cmpliment, they are speaking abut smething that is bservable.
G．Similarly, when I call yu smart r funny, I'm cmmenting based n my definitin f smart r funny, that's hw I see yu.
【答案】26．C 27．E 28．F 29．A 30．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，短文介紹了很難接受贊美的原因有很多。原因很復(fù)雜，但接受贊美的途徑更簡(jiǎn)單。短文介紹了三個(gè)接受贊美途徑的方法。
26．根據(jù)上文“There are many reasns why yu have a hard time accepting cmpliments.”（你很難接受贊美的原因有很多）以及下文“It's a three step prcess.”（這需要三個(gè)步驟）可知，選項(xiàng)承上啟下。reasns呼應(yīng)causes。the path呼應(yīng)three step prcess。故C選項(xiàng)“原因很復(fù)雜，但接受贊美的途徑更簡(jiǎn)單”切題。故選C項(xiàng)。
27．根據(jù)下文“I'm expressing that subjectively, frm my shrter vantage pint, yu are tall. I'm nt saying everyne wuld agree with me. ”（我主觀地表示，從我較矮的角度來(lái)看，你很高。我并不是說(shuō)每個(gè)人都會(huì)同意我的觀點(diǎn)）可知，對(duì)你的贊揚(yáng)是出于主觀的看法。故E選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)有人試圖贊美你時(shí)，他們是在主觀地說(shuō)”切題，為本段的主旨句。故選E項(xiàng)。
28．根據(jù)上文“In this extreme example, the utside perspective is mre accurate than the internal ne. ”（在這個(gè)極端的例子中，外部視角比內(nèi)部視角更準(zhǔn)確）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說(shuō)明贊美來(lái)自外部視角。故F選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)有人稱贊你時(shí)，他們說(shuō)的是可以觀察到的事情”切題。故選F項(xiàng)。
29．根據(jù)上文“Ask smene else what they think.”（問(wèn)問(wèn)別人的想法）以及下文“Yu can ask tw r three r fur mre peple if tw isn't enugh. ”（如果兩個(gè)不夠的話，你可以再問(wèn)兩個(gè)、三個(gè)或四個(gè)人）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上下文說(shuō)明別人會(huì)幫助你做出正確的判斷。故A選項(xiàng)“他們將是是否相信的關(guān)鍵”切題。故選A項(xiàng)。
30．根據(jù)下文“If yu mislead r lie t peple abut yur pinins, then it's nt surprising that yu have a hard time trusting that peple's cmpliments are genuine. Be mre hnest with peple arund yu, and yu'll find it much easier t believe what peple say abut yu.”（如果你在自己的觀點(diǎn)上誤導(dǎo)或欺騙別人，那么你很難相信別人的贊美是真誠(chéng)的也就不足為奇了。對(duì)周圍的人更誠(chéng)實(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更容易相信別人對(duì)你的評(píng)價(jià)。）可知，本段與誠(chéng)實(shí)話題有關(guān)。故D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你的朋友和家人征求你的意見時(shí)，你對(duì)他們有多誠(chéng)實(shí)？”切題。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2024·北京海淀·一模）When yu get in a car, yu expect it will have functining brakes. When yu pick up medicine at the drugstre, yu expect it wn’t be plluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety f these prducts was terrible when they first came t market. It tk much research and regulatin t figure ut hw users can enjy the benefits f these prducts withut getting harmed. 31
Scial media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algrithms designed t maximize attentin represent t teens have becme impssible t ignre. Other prduct design elements, ften called “dark patterns,” designed t keep peple using fr lnger, als appear t tip yung users int scial media veruse. 32 They say it’s their users’ fault fr engaging with harmful cntent in the first place, even if thse users are children r the cntent is financial trickery. They als claim t be defending free speech.
33 Under the Digital Services Act, which came int effect in Eurpe this year, platfrms are required t take actin t stp the spread f illegal cntent and can be fined up t 6 percent f their glbal incmes if they dn’t d s. If this law is enfrced, maintaining the safety f their algrithms and netwrks will be the mst financially sund decisin fr platfrms t make.
Despite these effrts, tw things are clear. First, nline safety prblems are leading t real, ffline suffering. Secnd, scial media cmpanies can’t, r wn’t, slve these safety prblems n their wn. 34 Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up. As ur sciety mves nline t an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyne, even teens, can just “stay ff scial media” becmes less and less realistic. 35
A．And thse prblems aren’t ging away.
B．The current issues aren’t really abut ffline suffering.
C．Platfrms already have systems t remve vilent r harmful cntent.
D．Similarly, scial media needs prduct safety standards t keep users safe.
E．It’s time we shuld require scial media t take safety seriusly, fr everyne’s sake.
F．Internet platfrms, hwever, have shifted blame n the cnsumers whenever criticized.
G．Sme authrities are taking steps t hld scial media platfrms accuntable fr the cntent.
【答案】31．D 32．F 33．G 34．A 35．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了社交媒體存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，平臺(tái)常推卸責(zé)任，歐洲已實(shí)施相關(guān)法規(guī)，而線上安全問(wèn)題引發(fā)線下痛苦，且社交媒體公司難以獨(dú)自解決，人們也越來(lái)越難以遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體。
31．根據(jù)上文的“When yu get in a car, yu expect it will have functining brakes. When yu pick up medicine at the drugstre, yu expect it wn’t be plluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety f these prducts was terrible when they first came t market. It tk much research and regulatin t figure ut hw users can enjy the benefits f these prducts withut getting harmed. (當(dāng)你坐進(jìn)一輛車的時(shí)候，你希望它的剎車能正常工作。當(dāng)你在藥店買藥時(shí)，你希望它不會(huì)被污染。但事情并不總是這樣的。這些產(chǎn)品剛上市時(shí)安全性很差。為了弄清楚用戶如何在不受傷害的情況下享受這些產(chǎn)品的好處，需要進(jìn)行大量的研究和監(jiān)管)”可知，此段講述的是其他產(chǎn)品都有安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，接著下文提到社交媒體的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)無(wú)處不在，說(shuō)明社交媒體也需要產(chǎn)品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)保護(hù)用戶安全，D項(xiàng)(同樣，社交媒體也需要產(chǎn)品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)保證用戶的安全)符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。
32．根據(jù)下文的“They say it’s their users’ fault fr engaging with harmful cntent in the first place, even if thse users are children r the cntent is financial trickery. They als claim t be defending free speech.(他們說(shuō)，用戶一開始接觸有害內(nèi)容是他們的錯(cuò)，即使這些用戶是孩子，或者內(nèi)容是金融騙局。他們還聲稱是在捍衛(wèi)言論自由)可知，社交媒體將問(wèn)題推卸給用戶，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(然而，每當(dāng)受到批評(píng)時(shí)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)就把責(zé)任推給消費(fèi)者)引出下文，符合文意。故選F項(xiàng)。
33．根據(jù)下文的“Under the Digital Services Act, which came int effect in Eurpe this year, platfrms are required t take actin t stp the spread f illegal cntent and can be fined up t 6 percent f their glbal incmes if they dn’t d s. If this law is enfrced, maintaining the safety f their algrithms and netwrks will be the mst financially sund decisin fr platfrms t make.(根據(jù)今年在歐洲生效的《數(shù)字服務(wù)法案》(Digital Services Act)，平臺(tái)必須采取行動(dòng)阻止非法內(nèi)容的傳播，如果不這樣做，將被處以最高相當(dāng)于其全球收入6%的罰款。如果這項(xiàng)法律得到執(zhí)行，維護(hù)其算法和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全將是平臺(tái)做出的最經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的決定)”可知，說(shuō)明一些權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)正在采取措施讓社交媒體平臺(tái)對(duì)其內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)，G選項(xiàng)(一些當(dāng)局正在采取措施，要求社交媒體平臺(tái)對(duì)這些內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé))符合文意。故選G項(xiàng)。
34．根據(jù)上文的“Despite these effrts, tw things are clear. First, nline safety prblems are leading t real, ffline suffering. Secnd, scial media cmpanies can’t, r wn’t, slve these safety prblems n their wn. (盡管做出了這些努力，但有兩件事是明確的。首先，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問(wèn)題正在導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)實(shí)的、線下的痛苦。其次，社交媒體公司不能或不愿獨(dú)自解決這些安全問(wèn)題)可知，此段首先提到兩個(gè)明確的事情，結(jié)合下文“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up.(即使是我們認(rèn)為已經(jīng)解決的安全問(wèn)題，比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌，也會(huì)再次出現(xiàn))”接著說(shuō)明問(wèn)題不會(huì)消失，A選項(xiàng)(這些問(wèn)題不會(huì)消失)引出下文，符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。
35．根據(jù)上文的“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up. As ur sciety mves nline t an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyne, even teens, can just “stay ff scial media” becmes less and less realistic.(即使是我們認(rèn)為已經(jīng)解決的安全問(wèn)題，比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌，也會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)。隨著我們的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化程度越來(lái)越高，任何人，甚至青少年，都可以“遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體”的想法變得越來(lái)越不現(xiàn)實(shí))”，最后一段提到隨著社會(huì)越來(lái)越依賴網(wǎng)絡(luò)，讓任何人遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體變得不太現(xiàn)實(shí)，所以為了每個(gè)人的利益，是時(shí)候要求社交媒體認(rèn)真對(duì)待安全問(wèn)題了，E項(xiàng)(為了每個(gè)人，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候要求社交媒體認(rèn)真對(duì)待安全問(wèn)題了)總結(jié)上文。故選E項(xiàng)。
（2024·北京豐臺(tái)·二模）At the end f the day, mst f us find urselves n the cuch, eyes glued t the televisin r t ur smartphnes, ding everything we can t cnserve energy. 36 But are we hardwired (本能的) fr it?
Accrding t Michael Inzlicht, a scial psychlgist at the University f Trnt, we’re lazy and als, we’re nt.
All humans, given equal ptins, will take the easy way ut. Des it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 37 We always minimize ur effrt and, at the same time, maximize the amunt f reward we get fr that effrt. A study published in the jurnal Neurpsychlgia fund that ur brains may be hardwired fr laziness. Even thugh we knw the benefits f exercise, we stay glued t the cuch.
38 We can’t knw fr sure whether there is an evlutinary (進(jìn)化的) purpse t it. But that wuld make sense. After all, befre we were able t g t the grcery stre, calries were much mre directly linked t effrt. Every calrie we burned meant mre hunting, fishing, r gathering.
But there are the times when humans are the ppsite f lazy and d very difficult things fr n apparent reasn. Sme rewards nly cme frm extensive effrt. 39 Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n. But we d it anyway because putting in the effrt makes us feel gd, says Inzlicht. 40
S, in that sense, effrt is wrth the effrt. While humans are ecnmically aware f effrt mst f the time, “in sme cases, the effrt itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht.
A．Think abut things like running a marathn.
B．It’s nt cmpletely clear why humans behave this way.
C．It seems that we humans are gifted in the way f laziness.
D．We similarly lve t space ut, ur brain tired f fcusing.
E．But it certainly means that we’re ecnmic with ur effrt.
F．Sme peple wh appear t be lazy are suffering frm much mre serius prblems.
G．Likewise, we might get a sense f pleasure r mastery frm ding a crsswrd puzzle.
【答案】36．C 37．E 38．B 39．A 40．G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。人類有時(shí)是懶惰的，最小化付出的努力，同時(shí)最大化努力所得到的回報(bào)，但是有時(shí)候也會(huì)毫無(wú)理由地做一些非常困難的事情，比如馬拉松和填字游戲。文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了介紹。
36．根據(jù)前文“At the end f the day, mst f us find urselves n the cuch, eyes glued t the televisin r t ur smartphnes, ding everything we can t cnserve energy.(在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我們大多數(shù)人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在沙發(fā)上，眼睛盯著電視或智能手機(jī)，盡我們所能來(lái)節(jié)省能量。)”可知，此處是指人類在偷懶這方面很有天賦，所以選項(xiàng)C“看來(lái)我們?nèi)祟愒趹卸璺矫媸怯刑熨x的?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選C。
37．根據(jù)后文“We always minimize ur effrt and, at the same time, maximize the amunt f reward we get fr that effrt.(我們總是最小化我們的努力，同時(shí)最大化我們的努力所得到的回報(bào)。)”可知，此處是指我們會(huì)使自己的努力最經(jīng)濟(jì)，所以選項(xiàng)E“But it certainly means that we’re ecnmic with ur effrt.(但這肯定意味著我們的努力是經(jīng)濟(jì)的。)”切合文意。故選E。
38．根據(jù)后文“We can’t knw fr sure whether there is an evlutinary (進(jìn)化的) purpse t it.(我們不能確定這是否有進(jìn)化的目的。)”可知，此處是指目前并不清楚人類為什么會(huì)懶惰，所以選項(xiàng)B“目前還不完全清楚為什么人類會(huì)有這種行為。”切合文意。故選B。
39．根據(jù)后文“Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n.(跑這么遠(yuǎn)可能會(huì)造成更多的傷害，比如應(yīng)力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。)”和前文“Sme rewards nly cme frm extensive effrt.(有些回報(bào)只來(lái)自于大量的努力。)”可知，此處是用馬拉松來(lái)對(duì)前文進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明，所以選項(xiàng)A“想想跑馬拉松這樣的事情。”切合文意。故選A。
40．根據(jù)前文“Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n. But we d it anyway because putting in the effrt makes us feel gd, says Inzlicht.(跑這么遠(yuǎn)可能會(huì)造成更多的傷害，比如應(yīng)力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。但我們還是會(huì)這樣做，因?yàn)楦冻雠?huì)讓我們感覺良好，Inzlicht說(shuō)。)”可知，此處是舉出像馬拉松這樣的類似的例子，所以選項(xiàng)G“同樣地，我們可能會(huì)從做填字游戲中獲得愉悅感或精通感?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選G。
【2024·北京·高考真題】If yu want t develp maximum credibility (可信性), is it better t be a hedgehg (刺猬) r a fx? Accrding t Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehg knws ne thing very well, and the fx knws a lt f things.
Is there a clear advantage f ne style ver the ther? Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in ding s. Accrding t Jim Hart, the “hedgehg cncept” is ne f the factrs that lead cmpanies t greatness. They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. ___36___ The hedgehg cncept makes perfect sense fr cmpanies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track recrds f thse flks n the Sunday talk shws wh make predictins abut what will happen. He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins.
The advantage that. fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. ___38___ They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. They als have a clearer estimatin f what they knw and dn’t knw.
S, which is better? The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. ___39___ The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. The mst effective way t g thrugh life is t try t be that rare mixture knwn as fxy hedgehg.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了擁有“刺猬”型思維方式和“狐貍”型思維方式的兩類人對(duì)于個(gè)人和企業(yè)建立信譽(yù)度的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes.(擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人傾向于給出肯定的答案)” 可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人傾向于給出肯定的答案，G項(xiàng)中They 指代上文中的Hedgehg，G項(xiàng)“他們明確地站在一邊或另一邊，并全力支持自己的立場(chǎng)”說(shuō)明擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人往往有明確的立場(chǎng)，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. (他們專注于一件事并把它做得很好。他們知道自己擅長(zhǎng)什么)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人具備優(yōu)點(diǎn)，他們可以專注于一件事并知道自己擅長(zhǎng)什么。C項(xiàng)“因此，他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)是（頭腦）清楚和自信”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins. (他發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人不僅比擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人更容易出錯(cuò)，而且當(dāng)事情與他們的預(yù)測(cè)不相符時(shí)他們不太可能意識(shí)到，也不太可能承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了)”可知，此處介紹擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人的缺點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能會(huì)有不利的一面” 引出下文，介紹擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人具備缺點(diǎn)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. (“狐貍”型思維方式的人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于，他們更有可能從更廣泛的來(lái)源中尋找新信息，并且對(duì)不確定性和新信息感到舒適)”和下文“They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. (他們?cè)噲D將其納入自己的觀點(diǎn)，而不是將其排除在自己的思維之外)”可知，此處介紹擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人處理事情的方式。F項(xiàng)“當(dāng)某件事與他們的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾時(shí)，他們不會(huì)把它當(dāng)作例外”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. (這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以用“像狐貍的刺猬”風(fēng)格來(lái)回答)”和下文“The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. (成為擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人還是擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人的選擇是一種錯(cuò)誤的權(quán)衡)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人和擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人各有優(yōu)勢(shì)。A項(xiàng)“換句話說(shuō)，兩者都有其明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
【2023·北京·高考真題】It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. 15
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. 16
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. 17 The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注冊(cè)) r funding. 18 Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
19 Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A．Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B．Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C．Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D．Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E．Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】15．D 16．F 17．G 18．B 19．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議。
15．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(對(duì)于美國(guó)的學(xué)生和他們的家人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一年中既快樂又緊張的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗麄円獩Q定去哪里上大學(xué)。家庭經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)來(lái)幫助做決定。)”可知，美國(guó)的學(xué)生和家人們?cè)跊Q定去哪兒上大學(xué)時(shí)，經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)。而根據(jù)下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素：教學(xué)質(zhì)量。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出大學(xué)排名存在的問(wèn)題；而根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問(wèn)題是教學(xué)質(zhì)量被忽略。故選D。
16．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作為一名研究高等教育的學(xué)者，當(dāng)我與一些家庭交談時(shí)，他們常常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒有被納入排名。)”可知，大學(xué)排名中優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒有被納入排名讓人們覺得很驚訝。選項(xiàng)F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更讓他們驚訝的是，大學(xué)竟然低估了教學(xué)的價(jià)值。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的都是大學(xué)排名忽略教學(xué)質(zhì)量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故選F。
17．空前內(nèi)容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考慮到高質(zhì)量教學(xué)與學(xué)生成功之間的聯(lián)系，排名中沒有優(yōu)秀教學(xué)令人驚訝。優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)是衡量大學(xué)成績(jī)的最重要因素之一。)”講述的都是大學(xué)排名中沒有考慮到教學(xué)。選項(xiàng)G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事實(shí)上，大學(xué)經(jīng)常把重點(diǎn)從教學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他排名因素上。)”與上下文內(nèi)容相一致，故選G。
18．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注冊(cè)) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中對(duì)教學(xué)重視程度較低的一個(gè)原因。管理者通常不會(huì)將卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或資金的一種方式。)”可知，上文分析了教學(xué)不被納入排名的原因，該空應(yīng)該講其后果。選項(xiàng)B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晉升中不受重視。)”是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，正因?yàn)楣芾砣藛T通常不把卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或增加資金的一種方式，所以教學(xué)在招聘和晉升中不受重視。故選B。
19．根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(盡管如此，在擁有高質(zhì)量教學(xué)的學(xué)校獲得更多資源、更高排名和增加入學(xué)人數(shù)之前，不會(huì)有太大變化。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，大學(xué)、學(xué)校排名組織和其他機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該努力使教學(xué)成為使命的一個(gè)有價(jià)值的核心部分。)”可知，此處算是站在大學(xué)的角度，提出如何把教學(xué)當(dāng)成他們的首要核心任務(wù)。根據(jù)“Nevertheless”可知，空處內(nèi)容和下文內(nèi)容存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)E“Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改進(jìn)教學(xué)水平的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。)”與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，旨在說(shuō)明，促使教學(xué)成為核心任務(wù)的艱巨性和重要性。故選E。
【2022·北京·高考真題】Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. 15 It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
16 We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. 17 This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. 18 Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. 19 This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C．It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D．Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E．If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F．There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G．This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
【答案】15．G 16．B 17．D 18．F 19．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是健康和健身之間密不可分的關(guān)系以及我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些健身的方式來(lái)讓自己有一個(gè)健康的身體。
15．根據(jù)空前“Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health.(健康和健身幫助一個(gè)人過(guò)上良好和健康的生活。由于各種各樣的壓力，我們往往會(huì)忽視自己的健康。)”可知因?yàn)楦鞣N壓力，我們的健康容易被忽視，根據(jù)空后“It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我們身體的健康水平幫助我們對(duì)抗這些疾病。)”可知身體的健康可以讓我們應(yīng)對(duì)各種疾病，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講忽視健康對(duì)我們的身體及生活的影響。G項(xiàng)“This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.(這使我們的身體遭受痛苦，而且我們會(huì)感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G項(xiàng)中的ther diseases與空后的these diseases相互照應(yīng)，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。
16．根據(jù)空后“We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy.(為了擁有一個(gè)健康的身體我們需要健康。同樣，如果我們是健康的，我們自然會(huì)被保持健康的身體所吸引。)”可知健康的身體與健身是密不可分的，空處位于句首，應(yīng)是本段的主旨句，B項(xiàng)“Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.(健康和健身是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。)”概括全段的主要內(nèi)容，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
17．根據(jù)空前“Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定時(shí)間內(nèi)我們身體的狀態(tài)。我們可能沒有任何疾病，但身體仍然虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)被病毒攻擊。)”可知我們的身體雖然沒有生病，但也很虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)生病，根據(jù)空后“This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy.(這并不一定意味著我們不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我們是不健康的?？仗幊猩蠁⑾?，所以空處應(yīng)該舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體在虛弱的情況下會(huì)生病這樣一種狀況，D項(xiàng)“Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.(例如，我們可能很容易感冒。)”舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體會(huì)在虛弱的情況下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D項(xiàng)的we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily這種情況，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
18．根據(jù)空前“It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.(對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，花些時(shí)間在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我們應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去健身，根據(jù)空后“Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style.(例如，我們必須每天鍛煉，不管我們的年齡和工作方式。)”可知我們應(yīng)該每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些活動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)行鍛煉，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.(在我們的生活中有一些活動(dòng)是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。
19．根據(jù)空前“We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases.(我們每天至少應(yīng)該有6到8個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠。它有助于改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們抵抗疾病。)”可知我們應(yīng)該保障充足的睡眠，根據(jù)空后“This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.(這反過(guò)來(lái)又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)。)”可知充足的睡眠會(huì)對(duì)我們的健康和健身目標(biāo)很有好處，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講充足的睡眠的好處，C項(xiàng)“It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.(它也幫助我們保持冷靜和放松我們的大腦。)”進(jìn)一步講了充足的睡眠對(duì)于我們的好處，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
年份
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選項(xiàng)特征
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363
人與社會(huì)
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255
人與社會(huì)
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1
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2022
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說(shuō)明文
225
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4
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年份
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體裁
詞數(shù)
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話題
設(shè)題位置
選項(xiàng)特征
段首
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2024
新高考全國(guó)I卷
夾敘夾議文
313
人與自我
使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、心得與樂趣
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297
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全國(guó)甲卷
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313
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適度飲食
1
3
1
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浙江1月卷
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330
人與社會(huì)
在線學(xué)習(xí)利弊
1
4
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2023
新高考全國(guó)I卷
說(shuō)明文
321
人與自我
自我原諒
0
4
1
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新高考全國(guó) = 1 \* ROMAN II卷
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310
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開始藝術(shù)之旅的建議
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3
1
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全國(guó)乙卷
說(shuō)明文
335
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0
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殘缺句＋完整句
全國(guó)甲卷
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287
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殘缺句＋完整句
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能使火車旅行更舒適的建議
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315
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一些外出就餐時(shí)要知道的一些重要事情
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3
1
殘缺句＋完整句
全國(guó)乙卷
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316
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五種維系異地友誼的方法
3
1
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殘缺句＋完整句
新高考全國(guó)I卷
說(shuō)明文
332
人與社會(huì)
如何找到一個(gè)一起鍛煉的伙伴
0
4
1
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新高考全國(guó) = 1 \* ROMAN II卷
說(shuō)明文
312
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介紹寫文章的技巧
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0
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既可以充分利用時(shí)間又可以快樂放松的有效建議
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