高中英語(yǔ)人教版 (2019)選擇性必修第二冊(cè)Unit 3 Food and Culture優(yōu)秀教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)-教案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

The main grammatical items in this unit are the past perfect active and passive tense.The past perfect tense is used t refer t an actin that was cmpleted befre a time r event in the past.The past perfect passive vice is the passive frm f the past perfect tense. The teacher can guide the students t analyze and cmpare the structure and usage f the past perfect tense and the passive tense. The teacher is als highly recmmended t help the students t srt ut the relevant cntent in the frm f a chart, r present a chart fr the students t cmplete the key infrmatin.
Enable the students t tell the same infrmatin using the past perfect active tense and the passive tense.
Guide the students t use the tw cnstructins crrectly, and understand their meaning and functin in the cntext.
Encurage the students t make sentences using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences t make dialgues.
Cultivate students’ thinking ability and enhance their creativity f using this grammar.
1.Guide students t use the tw structures bth in the spken and written situatin.
2.Encurage the students t make sentences, using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences t make dialgues.
Step1: Lead in
What is the tense and vice f the fllwing sentence? what is the functin?
By the time the trnad ended, mre than 700 peple had been killed.
Keys: the passive vice f the past perfect tense.
functin: The past perfect tense is used t refer t an actin r a state f being that ccurred r was cmpleted befre a specific time in the past.
Step 2:Try t find ut all the sentences cntaining the passive vice f the past perfect tense and then sum up their cmmn rules.
教材原句：
Prir t cming t China, my nly experience with Chinese cking was in America, with Chinese fd that had been changed t suit American tastes.
在來(lái)中國(guó)之前，我唯一接觸過(guò)中國(guó)烹飪的經(jīng)歷是在美國(guó)，我接觸過(guò)經(jīng)過(guò)改變以適應(yīng)美國(guó)人口味的中國(guó)食物。
2. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went lking fr a gd place t eat in Beijing.
當(dāng)我和家人剛到中國(guó)時(shí)，我們?cè)诒本┱伊艘粋€(gè)吃飯的好地方。
3. A restaurant had been recmmended t us by a friend, and finally, we fund it.
一位朋友向我們推薦了一家餐館，我們終于找到了。
4. We had n idea hw t rder, s the chef just began filling ur table with the best fd we had ever eaten.
我們不知道該怎么點(diǎn)菜，所以廚師就開(kāi)始在我們的桌子上擺滿我們吃過(guò)的最好的食物。
語(yǔ)法共性：
1．句1和句3中的黑體部分為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為had been dne。
2．句2和句4中的黑體部分為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，其構(gòu)成為had dne。
Step 3: The teacher instructs Ss t review the basic knwledge abut the past perfect tense and its passive vice.
一、Basic use f the past perfect tense
1．Definitin
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它表示句子中描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
2．Basic use
(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體的時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
The by was reminded that his hmewrk had nt been handed in．
這個(gè)男孩被提醒說(shuō)他的家庭作業(yè)還沒(méi)有交上來(lái)。
Her hmewrk had nt been finished when I gt hme.
我到家的時(shí)候，她的作業(yè)還沒(méi)有完成。
Hw many buildings had been destryed when the hurricane ended?
颶風(fēng)結(jié)束的時(shí)候，有多少建筑物被毀壞了？
(2)用于hardly/scarcely ... when ..., n sner ... than ...等表示“剛……就……”或“一……就……”的固定句型中。
Hardly had we reached schl frm schl when it began t snw heavily.
我們剛到達(dá)學(xué)校就下起了雪。
hardly/scarcely/rarely/n sner置于句首時(shí)，主句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝。
(3)有些動(dòng)詞，如hpe、expect、think、intend、mean、suppse等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本打算做而未做某事”。
We had expected t finish the task n time but we failed.
我們本來(lái)希望按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作的，但我們沒(méi)有做到。
Eve had hped t see mre f China.伊芙曾希望在中國(guó)多觀光一番。
I had intended t be there n time.我本打算準(zhǔn)時(shí)去的。
Greta had meant t see her ff at the airprt.格瑞塔本打算是要去機(jī)場(chǎng)送她的。
(4)在“That/It was the first/secnd ... time＋從句”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
That was the last time I had made such a flish mistake.那是我最后一次犯那樣的傻錯(cuò)誤。
It was the first time ( that) I had been t Shanghai.那是我第一次去上海。
It was the mst inspiring perfrmance I had watched. 這是我看過(guò)的最激勵(lì)人心的表演
(5)用在"It was+一段時(shí)間+ since從句"句型中(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))
It was at least three mnths since I had left Beijing.
我離開(kāi)北京至少有三個(gè)月了。
(6)wish、if nly、as if、wuld rather等后面的從句中，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)或虛擬。
If nly I had been praised by the teacher yesterday.我昨天要是被老師表?yè)P(yáng)就好了。
I wish I had been there at that time.那時(shí)候我要在那兒就好了。（事實(shí)上我不在那兒。）
I wish I had tld him abut it.我要是告訴他那事就好了。（事實(shí)上我沒(méi)告訴他。）
3．過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重發(fā)生在過(guò)去的客觀事實(shí)；而過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，一定有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)，表示在這個(gè)時(shí)間之前，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。
They had fallen asleep when their parents gt hme at 11 ’clck..
父母11點(diǎn)回家之前他們已經(jīng)睡著了。（過(guò)去的過(guò)去）
They fell asleep at 11 ’clck.他們11點(diǎn)睡著了。（一般過(guò)去）
二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1．概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
2．構(gòu)成
(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋had been dne
(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋had nt been dne
3．用法
(1)在tld、said、 knew、heard、thught、fund等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作已被做完時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
He heard that the tickets had already been sld ut.他聽(tīng)說(shuō)票已售完。
He tld me that the prject had been cmpleted by the end f 1999.他告訴我到1999年底他們已完成了那個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
The newspaper reprted mre than 100 peple had been killed in the thunderstrm.報(bào)紙報(bào)道說(shuō)有一百多人在暴風(fēng)雨中喪生。
(2)befre、when、by the time、until、after、nce等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，以及by、befre后面接過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的時(shí)間之前且表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
By the time my brther was 10, he had been sent t Italy.
我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。
Tns f rice had been prduced by the end f last mnth.
到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。
(3) It was the first/secnd/last ... time that ...句中that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
It was the first time that I had seen the night fact t face in ne and a half years. 這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。
(4)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
If I had been instructed by him earlier, I wuld have finished the task.
如果我早一點(diǎn)得到他的指示，我早就完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)了。
If I had hurried, I wuldn't have missed the train.
如果我快點(diǎn)的話，我就不會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。
If yu had been at the party, yu wuld have met him.
如果你去了晚會(huì)，你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到他的。

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