The grammatical structure f this unit is predicative clause. Like bject clause and subject clause, predicative clause is ne f Nminal Clauses. The leading wrds f predicative clauses are that, what, hw, what, where, as if, because, etc.
The design f teaching activities aims t guide students t perceive the structural features f predicative clauses and think abut their idegraphic functins. Beynd that, students shuld be guided t use this grammar in the cntext apprpriately and flexibly.
1. Enable the Ss t master the usage f the predicative clauses in this unit.
2. Enable the Ss t use the predicative patterns flexibly.
3. Train the Ss t apply sme skills by ding the relevant exercises.
1.Guide students t perceive the structural features f predicative clauses and think abut their idegraphic functins.
2.Strengthen students' ability f using predicative clauses in cntext, but als cultivate their ability f text analysis and lgical reasning cmpetence.
Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where nun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functins.
One thery was that bad air caused the disease.
Anther thery was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street had been infected by waste.
Sum up the rules f grammar:
1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。
2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分，只起連接作用。
Step2: Review the basic cmpnents f predicative clauses
1.Definitin
在復合句中作表語的從句，叫作表語從句。它位于主句的系動詞之后，對主語進行解釋、說明，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。
2．Leading wrds , functins and examples:
3．Pints that we shuld pay attentin t:
(1) The difference f “that” and “what”.
that引導表語從句時，是連詞，在從句中不作成分；what是連接代詞，引導表語從句時，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。
That was what she did this mrning n her way t schl.那就是她今天早晨在去學校的路上做過的事。
My pinin is that we shuld cmmunicate with parents frequently.我的意見是我們應該經(jīng)常和父母溝通。
(2)because與why的區(qū)別
because引導表語從句時強調原因，why引導表語從句時強調結果。
She ften cmes late. That's because she has a baby t take care f.
她經(jīng)常遲到。那是因為她有一個孩子要照顧。
She has a baby t take care f. That's why she ften cmes late.
她有一個孩子要照顧。那就是她經(jīng)常遲到的原因。
[點睛] 名詞reasn作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導，而不用because。
(3) The subjunctive md used in predicative clauses
①在表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞用“shuld＋動詞原形”，shuld可以省略。
My suggestin is that we (shuld) have a discussin abut this matter instead f just laying it aside.我的建議是我們應當討論一下這件事，而不應該只是把它放在一邊。
The dctr's advice is that we (shuld) take mre exercise.醫(yī)生的建議是我們應該多做運動。
②as if/as thugh引導的表語從句如果是事實，就用陳述語氣；如果與事實不符，就用虛擬語氣(用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在，過去進行時表示現(xiàn)在進行，過去完成時表示過去，culd/wuld/might＋動詞原形表示將來)。
Tm likes t talk big as if he were an imprtant persn.
湯姆喜歡說大話，好像他是一個重要人物似的。
Dark cluds are gathering. It lks as if it's ging t rain.
烏云正在聚集?？雌饋砗孟褚掠炅恕?與事實相符)
Step 3: Practice using predicative clause in cntext.
(1)Answer the fllwing questins using the infrmatin frm the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.
1. What was it that Jhn Snw shwed t the wrld?
What Jhn Snw shwed t the wrld was___________________________.
2. What was Snw’s discvery in tw particular streets in Lndn?
Snws discvery in tw particular streets in Lndn was that___________________________
3. What was Snw determined t find ut during the 1854 utbreak f chlera in Lndn?
What Snw was determined t find ut was why ___________________________
4. What were the exact places (Snw marked n the map? )
The exact places Snw marked n the map were where__________________
5. What was the finding that Snw annunced?
Snw's finding was that __________________________
keys:
1.hw chlera culd be vercme.
2. the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days
3. the utbreak f chlera had caused ver 500 deaths within ten days
4.all thse wh died had lived / all the dead peple had lived
5. the water pump was t blame fr the spread f chlera / the pump water carried chlera germs / water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste
(2) David is talking t Maria abut their scientific research prject. First cmplete David's lines (A-E), using the wrds in the bx. Then put David's lines in the crrect rder and practice the cnversatin.
as if that what wh when Hw why whse which whether
A: Abslutely ! Yu may nt believe it, but that was ___________happened at the initial stage f ur grup's research n develping a vaccine fr malaria.
B: Yes, it is. And it seemed _______________all the theries were useful, but the fact was_________ we culdn't persuade ne anther that ne thery was better than anther.
C:Exactly The prblem was nt abut ______________all ur theries were equally gd, but in deciding ___________________thery t depend upn.
D: We realized that what we cared abut was nt_______________ aspect we needed t develp a thery in, but rather _________________we can reduce the cst f a vaccine withut reducing its effect!
E: Yu're right. At last, we became fcused n the key issue, which was ___________we had t Cary ut the research in the first place.
keys: what; as if ; that; whether; which/what/whse; which/what/; hw; why
David is talking t Maria abut their scientific research prject. First cmplete David's lines (A-E), using the wrds in the bx. Then put David's lines in the crrect rder and practice the cnversatin.
Maria: This mix f thery and data is ne f the key characteristics f what we call science.
David:__A_____
Maria: With yur theretical framewrk?
David:__________________
Maria: Deciding n a thery is definitely f critical imprtance.
David:_________________
Maria This was when yu shuld have calmed dwn and gt dwn t ding sme sld wrk.
David:_________________
Maria: S what happened in the end?
David:__________________
keys: ACBED引導詞
用法
例句
從
屬
連
詞
that、
whether
(不能用if)
that在從句中不作成分，that沒有實際意義，不可省略；
whether意為“是否”
My belief is that I will succeed by wrking hard.我的信念是通過努力我會成功。
The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is that ne can be entirely free frm dust.雨季最令人愉快的事情是完全沒有灰塵。
The prblem is whether we can find them there.問題是我們能否在那里找到他們。
because
說明主語所表示的事件發(fā)生的原因，意為“因為”
He has heart disease. That is because he has been smking t much.他有心臟病。那是因為他抽煙太多。
as if/thugh
從句表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較小時常用虛擬語氣
It seems as if he didn’t knw the answer.
他好像不知道答案。
連
接
代
詞
wh(ever)、
whm(ever)、whse、what(ever)、
which(ever)等
在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等
Yu can be whever yu want t be.你可以成為你想做的任何人。
Tm is n lnger what he used t be.湯姆不再是過去的那個他了。
連
接
副
詞
when、where、
why、hw等
在從句中作狀語，表示時間、地點、原因、方式等
This is where I dn't agree with yu.這就是我不同意你的地方。
The questin is hw we can get in tuch with him.問題是我們怎樣才能和他聯(lián)系。
That is why I gt wet thrugh.所以我才被淋濕了。

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