高中英語人教版 (2019)選擇性必修第二冊Unit 3 Food and Culture教案-教案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Unit 3 Food and Culture Period3 Discovering useful structures 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)The past perfect tense and its passive voice The main grammatical items in this unit are the past perfect active and passive tense.The past perfect tense is used to refer to an action that was completed before a time or event in the past.The past perfect passive voice is the passive form of the past perfect tense. The teacher can guide the students to analyze and compare the structure and usage of the past perfect tense and the passive tense. The teacher is also highly recommended to help the students to sort out the relevant content in the form of a chart, or present a chart for the students to complete the key information. Enable the students to tell the same information using the past perfect active tense and the passive tense.Guide the students to use the two constructions correctly, and understand their meaning and function in the context.Encourage the students to make sentences using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences to make dialogues.Cultivate students’ thinking ability and enhance their creativity of using this grammar.1. Guide students to use the two structures both in the spoken and written situation.2. Encourage the students to make sentences, using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences to make dialogues.Step1: Lead inWhat is the tense and voice of the following sentence? what is the function?By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed. Keys: the passive voice of the past perfect tense.function: The past perfect tense is used to refer to an action or a state of being that occurred or was completed before a specific time in the past. Step 2:Try to find out all the sentences containing the passive voice of the past perfect tense and then sum up their common rules.教材原句：Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.在來中國之前，我唯一接觸過中國烹飪的經(jīng)歷是在美國，我接觸過經(jīng)過改變以適應(yīng)美國人口味的中國食物。2. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.當(dāng)我和家人剛到中國時(shí)，我們在北京找了一個(gè)吃飯的好地方。3. A restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.一位朋友向我們推薦了一家餐館，我們終于找到了。4. We had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.我們不知道該怎么點(diǎn)菜，所以廚師就開始在我們的桌子上擺滿我們吃過的最好的食物。語法共性：1．句1和句3中的黑體部分為過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為had been done。2．句2和句4中的黑體部分為過去完成時(shí)，其構(gòu)成為had done。Step 3: The teacher instructs Ss to review the basic knowledge about the past perfect tense and its passive voice.一、Basic use of the past perfect tense1．Definition
過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為“had＋過去分詞”。過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它表示句子中描述的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。
2．Basic use
(1)過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)動作或某個(gè)具體的時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即表示“過去的過去”。The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in．這個(gè)男孩被提醒說他的家庭作業(yè)還沒有交上來。Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 我到家的時(shí)候，她的作業(yè)還沒有完成。How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?颶風(fēng)結(jié)束的時(shí)候，有多少建筑物被毀壞了？ (2)用于hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...等表示“剛……就……”或“一……就……”的固定句型中。Hardly had we reached school from school when it began to snow heavily.我們剛到達(dá)學(xué)校就下起了雪。hardly/scarcely/rarely/no sooner置于句首時(shí)，主句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝。(3)有些動詞，如hope、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本打算做而未做某事”。We had expected to finish the task on time but we failed.我們本來希望按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作的，但我們沒有做到。Eve had hoped to see more of China.伊芙曾希望在中國多觀光一番。I had intended to be there on time.我本打算準(zhǔn)時(shí)去的。Greta had meant to see her off at the airport.格瑞塔本打算是要去機(jī)場送她的。(4)在“That/It was the first/second ... time＋從句”中，從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)。That was the last time I had made such a foolish mistake.那是我最后一次犯那樣的傻錯(cuò)誤。It was the first time ( that) I had been to Shanghai.那是我第一次去上海。It was the most inspiring performance I had watched. 這是我看過的最激勵(lì)人心的表演(5)用在"It was+一段時(shí)間+ since從句"句型中(從句用過去完成時(shí)) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我離開北京至少有三個(gè)月了。(6)wish、if only、as if、would rather等后面的從句中，常用過去完成時(shí)表示對過去的假設(shè)或虛擬。If only I had been praised by the teacher yesterday.我昨天要是被老師表揚(yáng)就好了。I wish I had been there at that time.那時(shí)候我要在那兒就好了。（事實(shí)上我不在那兒。）I wish I had told him about it.我要是告訴他那事就好了。（事實(shí)上我沒告訴他。）3．過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重發(fā)生在過去的客觀事實(shí)；而過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，一定有一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)，表示在這個(gè)時(shí)間之前，動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。They had fallen asleep when their parents got home at 11 o’clock..父母11點(diǎn)回家之前他們已經(jīng)睡著了。（過去的過去）They fell asleep at 11 o’clock.他們11點(diǎn)睡著了。（一般過去）二、過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)1．概念：過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)表示動作在過去某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，且主語與謂語動詞動作存在被動關(guān)系。2．構(gòu)成(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋had been done(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋had not been done3．用法(1)在told、said、 knew、heard、thought、found等動詞后的賓語從句中，表示賓語從句中的動作已被做完時(shí)，要用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.他聽說票已售完。He told me that the project had been completed by the end of 1999.他告訴我到1999年底他們已完成了那個(gè)項(xiàng)目。The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報(bào)紙報(bào)道說有一百多人在暴風(fēng)雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時(shí)，以及by、before后面接過去的時(shí)間時(shí)，主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時(shí)間之前且表示被動時(shí)，要用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時(shí)，要用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中，條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時(shí)，要用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點(diǎn)得到他的指示，我早就完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點(diǎn)的話，我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會，你就會見到他的。

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