專題4 語法總動員之語法填空：歷史文化類-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

Chinese Zdiac (生肖) Stry
Accrding t the legend the Jade Emperr(ruler f heaven) wuld like t measure time by twelve different animals. He tld animals that he wuld hld a great race n his birthday, the prize f ①_______ was twelve psitins n the Chinese zdiac calendar.
The cat asked the rat t help it sign up, ②_______ the rat frgt its prmise, s the cat wasn’t included. Thereafter, the cat and rat were ③_______(enemy).
The x was ④_______(riginal) first, but he was s kind that he agreed ⑤_______(carry) the little rat acrss the river. Just as they were abut t reach ⑥_______ ther side f the river, the rat jumped ff the x’s back and crssed the finish line ⑦_______(ne). S, the rat became the tp f the zdiac animals, and the x had been tricked int the secnd place.
The 12 animal signs f the Chinese zdiac ⑧_______(divide) int 2 categries by Chinese philsphy—Yin and Yang Thery. Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is ⑨_______(act) and masculine (陽性的). It’s believed that dd (奇數(shù)的) numbers belng t yang and even numbers belng t yin.
The yin r the yang f the animal is defined based n the number f ⑩________(they) tes. The 12 animals are arranged in an alternating yin-yang sequence.
二、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.
Chinese weddings are as much abut the happy cuple as they are abut their respective families. The weddings are ①_____(impress) affairs that fcus n blessings f happiness. The date f the wedding ceremny is chsen nt ②_____ chance. Many cuples carefully chse a favrable date ③_____(bring) success t their marriage. The ceremny can last anywhere frm fur hurs t three days, ④_____ depends n hw many Chinese wedding traditins are bserved.
The Chinese wedding invitatin is ⑤_____(typical) red with a glden Duble Happiness symbl, dates fr the wedding and names f the bride and bridegrm ⑥_____(include) inside.
While Chinese wedding traditins have mdernized and n lnger invlve a large prcessin, the jurney t pick up the bride ⑦_____(be) still a lively affair. It can invlve ⑧_____ use f firecrackers, playing f drums and gngs, r even a lin dance.
Anther vital traditin, the Chinese tea ceremny (Jing Cha), ⑨_____(perfrm) at Chinese weddings t express the new cuple's respect, gratitude, and ⑩_____(appreciate) fr their parents' lve, supprt, and effrt in raising them. A red tea set with a Duble Happiness symbl is used fr the tea ceremny.
三、閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Several large wden cnstructins ①______(date) back t the Nelithic era(新石器時代) were unearthed at the Jijiacheng ruins site, a prehistric cultural site lcated in Changde City, central China's Hunan Prvince.
First discvered in 1978，the site used ②______(be) a city frm the Qujialing culture perid (3300 BC-2600 BC) —a Nelithic civilizatin, ③______ had rts in the middle and upper reaches f the Yangtze River primarily ④______(find) in tday's Hunan and Hubei prvinces.
Researchers ⑤______(cnduct) three excavatins(挖掘) at the suthwestern part f the city wall since 2020. Mre than 30 husing sites were discvered at the 721-square-meter area, ⑥______ a number f wden architectural relics unearthed that were built 4,800 years ag. Researchers think they are the mst cmplete and ⑦______(early) wden structure building fundatin in China. Besides, remains f rice husks (外殼) were als fund at the site, cvering ⑧______ area f 80 square meters.
Researchers believe ⑨______(strng) the new findings will enrich the architectural histry f prehistric China. "The ⑩______(discver) helps us understand the verall architectural style f the Yangtze River Basin," said Zha Hui, a prfessr at Peking University Schl f Archaelgy and Muselgy.
四、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.
Peple say that the real culture f Beijing exists ①______ the culture f hutng and siheyuan. The hutngs ②______ (lcate) in Beijing are frmed by lanes f siheyuan, which is a type f residence in ③______ huses are purpsely built t frm squares r rectangles.
In the mid 20th century, several hutngs in Beijing were trn dwn t pave the way fr the ④______ (develp) f the city. Hwever, since then, thanks t effrts designed t safeguard this ⑤______ (significance) aspect f the Chinese architectural culture, many hutngs ⑥______ (preserve).
Because f the interlacement(交織)f the lanes, every huse is cnnected t the ther, making ⑦______ easy fr lcal peple t keep in tuch with their neighbrs. ⑧______, nce ne enters any f them, ne can feel the deep and warm relatinships amng peple, which is rarely fund in this mdern wrld.
Gssiping in these lanes ⑨______ (be)a cmmn scene as it is the main way fr peple ⑩______ (strng)their relatinship. Where there is such a lane, there is a stry.
五、閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Students in first and secnd grade shuld have n written exams while students in ther grades at primary schls shuld nly have ne final exam every semester, ①_____Ministry f Educatin said n Mnday.
In a ntice aimed at reducing the excessive academic wrklad f primary and middle schl students, the ministry said middle schls will be allwed ②_____(rganize) ne test in the middle f the semester and ne at the end.
Sme schls ③_____(give) t many tests that are t difficult. As a result, students have t frequently study hard, ④_____(lead) t an exam-riented educatin and a heavy academic burden, the ministry said, adding that the practice has harmed ⑤_____(student) psychlgical and physical health and must be rectified.
Lcal educatin ⑥_____(authrity) shuld nt rganize reginal r interschlastic exams, and schls and classes shuld nt rganize weekly r mnthly tests, the ntice said.
In additin, schls shuld ⑦_____(strict) regulate the cntent f their final exams and make sure the difficulty des nt g beynd the natinal syllabus (教學大綱). The exam questins shuld fcus n basic knwledge and skills, ⑧_____ the number f questins fcusing n rte (死記硬背的) learning shuld ⑨_____(reduce), the ntice said.
Mrever, the exam results shuld be divided ⑩_____ fur r five grades, withut giving specific scres, the ntice added.
六、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In 1863, the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible ①_______ (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and ②_______ wrk. It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, ③_______ (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver ④_______ tp. When all thse had been dne, the rad surface was replaced.
Steam engines ⑤_______ (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been ⑥_______ (fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using ⑦_______ every day.
Later, engineers ⑧_______ (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道) , which became knwn as the Tube. This develpment was nly pssible with the ⑨_______ (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts. The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ⑩_______ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
七、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。?
The clrful clthes we wear tday are made by machines. But what did ancient peple d if they wanted t wear ①_______(sme) clrful? Tie-dye(扎染) was a way t d this.
Mre than 1 000 years ag, the Bai peple in Yunan used tie-dye t dye their clthes. Then this skill became s ppular ②_______ peple gave tie-dye clthes t the emperr as gifts.
T tie-dye, yu need t first use tls ③_______ (tie), sew, r clip(夾住)yur clth. Then the flded clth ④_______ (put)in dye. The Bai peple usually make blue dye frm ⑤_______ plant.
As the clth is flded, sme parts becme dark blue, while ther parts have a ⑥_______ (light) clr. When yu unfld the clth, yu will see beautiful patterns.
⑦_______ the 1960s,tie-dye became a fashin trend in the US. Peple tie-dyed T-shirts and jeans in ⑧_______ (imagine)ways. Many children in the US still learn tie-dye in their art ⑨_______ (class).
At a recent famus shw, an Italian designer surprised peple with the tie-dye dresses. “Tie-dye is like an experiment. Peple cannt imagine the patterns f the clth if they dn’t see them. It’s a surprise,” the designer said. There is n dubt that the tie-dye trend has never really ⑩_______ (g)away.
八、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1 個適當單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
As the wrld sees mre and mre extreme weather patterns, it is becming increasingly difficult t ignre the effects f climate change. It is nw ①_______ cmmn tpic f discussin and has even fund its way int the bks we read. Because f this, a genre(類型) ②_______ (call) climate fictin, r cli-fi, has fund new life.
The term “cli-fi” ③_______ (use) fr the first time in 2007 by US climate activist and writer Dan Blm. He wanted t make “climate fictin” mre ④_______ (appeal). Accrding t Blm, the term really gained ⑤_______ (ppular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwd used it in a tweet, ⑥_______ (intrduce) it t her half-a-millin fllwers. ?
Just ⑦_______ the name suggests, climate fictin refers t stries with the central theme f climate change r glbal warming. These kinds f bks can help us imagine ⑧_______ the wrld might be like in the future because f majr climate change events.
The genre is welcme amng cllege students because it usually lks at tpics that ⑨_______ (be) relevant t what is really happening tday. Cli-fi has als helped t inspire students t pursue science majrs, with sme universities even ffering curses ⑩_______ (special) fcusing n climate fictin.
九、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Bing Dwen Dwen, ①_______ cute masct f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, has been selling like htcakes. Why is the ice-glazed panda s ppular? What are the ②_______ (innvatin) ideas behind its design? Prfessr Ca Xue, ③_______ is in charge f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics masct design team, tld the CMG the stry.
Ca Xue ④_______ (clear) remembers the exciting day f September 17, 2019, when the Organizing Cmmittee f the Winter Olympic Games fficially annunced the masct ⑤_______ (design) by his team as that f the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. ⑥_______ discussin by many schlars, the masct gt a new name — “Bing Dwen Dwen”. During that time, there ⑦_______ (be) almst n hlidays, and they ended up ⑧_______ (cmplete) ver 10,000 manuscripts. In the end, Bing Dwen Dwen, based n a panda, ⑨_______ (select) frm nearly 6,000 entries frm 35 cuntries and regins.
Bing Dwen Dwen captures attentin with its full-bdy “shell” made ut f ice. Ca said the ?⑩_______ (inspire) came frm traditinal Chinese snack “ice-sugar gurd,” als knwn as tanghulu, while the shell als resembles a space suit.
十、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.
The Sng Dynasty was an exciting perid in Chinese histry. At the height f ①_____(it) pwer, the cuntry's ppulatin dubled. The fast grwing ecnmy and strng ②_____ the rulers helped the develpment f technlgy and the expansin f knwledge. During this perid, a huge number f technlgical innvatins emerged. Many f them had significant practical ③_____(apply).
One particular inventin frm this perid made a mark n the wrld: mveable-type printing(活字印刷)—that is, individual blcks that culd each print a single character and then ④_____(use) again. This technlgy finally emerged in Eurpe several centuries later. The Chinese language uses a huge number f characters, ⑤_____ mst Eurpean languages use individual letters. Printing texts made up f individual letters ⑥_____(require) fewer blcks. This inventin prduced an enrmus change in ⑦_____(write) cmmunicatin in Eurpe and made it easier fr a ⑧_____(grw) number f peple t learn t read.
The Chinese were als the first t invent the cmpass, ⑨_____ changed hw sailrs navigated the seas. Tgether with star charts(星圖)—anther Chinese inventin—and ?maps, the cmpass made sea travel much ⑩_____(safe).
答案以及解析
一、
答案：①which②but③enemies④riginally⑤t carry⑥the⑦first⑧are divided⑨active⑩their
解析：①考查定語從句。句意:他告訴動物們,他將在他的生日那天舉行一場盛大的賽跑,比賽的獎品是中國十二生肖的十二個位置。此處為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞race,作介詞的賓語,指物,故用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
②考查連詞。句意:貓讓老鼠幫它報名,但是老鼠忘記了它的承諾,所以貓沒有參加。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but。故填but。
③考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:從此,貓和老鼠成了敵人。enemy為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)上文the cat and rat可知用復數(shù)形式。故填enemies。
④考查副詞。句意:牛本來是第一個過河的,但是他很善良,所以同意帶著小老鼠過河。修飾后文序數(shù)詞first應用副詞riginally,故填riginally。
⑤考查非謂語動詞。句意:牛本來是第一個過河的,但是他很善良,所以同意帶著小老鼠過河。結(jié)合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短語為agree t d sth。故填t carry。
⑥考查冠詞。句意:就在他們快要到達河對岸的時候,老鼠從牛背上跳了下來,第一個越過了終點線。此處.特指兩邊中的另一邊,應用the ther。故填the。
⑦考查序數(shù)詞。句意:就在他們快要到達河對岸的時候,老鼠從牛背上跳了下來,第一個越過了終點線。表示“第一”應用數(shù)詞first。故填first。
⑧考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:中國的十二生肖被中國哲學分為陰陽兩類。表示“被分為”,短語為be divided int,陳述客觀事實應用一般現(xiàn)在時 ,主語為The 12 animal signs f the Chinese zdiac,是復數(shù)。故填are divided。
⑨考查形容詞。句意:陰善于接納,陰柔;而陽則活躍,陽剛。作表語,表示“活躍”應用形容詞active。故填active。
⑩考查代詞。句意:動物的陰或陽是根據(jù)它們腳趾的數(shù)量來定義的。修飾名詞tes應用形容詞性物主代詞their.故填their。
二、
答案：①impressive ②by ③t bring ④which ⑤typically ⑥included ⑦is ⑧the ⑨is perfrmed ⑩appreciatin
解析：①考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為: 婚禮是令人印象深刻的事情, 它們的焦點是幸福的祝福。此處修飾名詞affairs, 應用形容詞, 故填impressive。
②考查介詞。句意為: 結(jié)婚典禮的日期不是偶然選定的。by chance意為"偶然", 為固定短語, 故填by。
③考查非謂語動詞。句意為: 許多夫妻會謹慎地選擇一個適宜的日子以給他們的婚姻帶來成功。此處表目的, 應用動詞不定式作目的狀語, 故填t bring。
④考查定語從句。句意為: 典禮可能持續(xù)4個小時到3天不等, 這取決于要遵守多少中國婚禮傳統(tǒng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處引導非限制性定語從句, 先行詞為前面一整件事, 設空處在從句中作主語, 故填which。
⑤考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為: 中國的婚禮請柬通常是紅色的, 上面有一個金色的雙喜標志, 里面包括婚禮的日期和新郎新娘的名字。設空處修飾動詞is, 應用副詞形式, 故填typically。
⑥考查非謂語動詞。句意見上一題解析。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處應用非謂語動詞, 邏輯主語dates names f...與include之間為被動關(guān)系, 故填included。
⑦考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意為: 雖然中國的婚禮傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)現(xiàn)代化, 不再需要大型的婚禮隊伍, 但接新娘的旅程仍然是一件熱鬧的事情。此處描述中國婚禮的特點, 應用一般現(xiàn)在時, 主語為the jurney, 謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式, 故填is。
⑧考查冠詞。句意為: 接親可以使用鞭炮, 敲鑼打鼓, 甚至是舞獅。此處表示"鞭炮的使用", 應為特指, 故填the。
⑨考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意為: 另一個在婚禮上進行的重要傳統(tǒng)是中國的敬茶儀式, 它用來表達新婚夫婦對父母的愛、支持和養(yǎng)育他們的尊重和感激之情。本句陳述事實, 應用一般現(xiàn)在時, 句中缺少謂語動詞, 主語traditin與perfrm之間為被動關(guān)系, 故填is perfrmed。
⑩考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意見上一題解析。此處與respect, gratitude并列, 應用名詞, 故填appreciatin。
三、
答案：①dating②t be③which④fund⑤have cnducted⑥with⑦earliest⑧an⑨strngly⑩discvery
解析：①考查非謂語動詞。句意：在中國中部湖南省常德市的一個史前文化遺址—雞交城遺址出土了幾座可以追溯到新石器時代的大型木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處處作后置定語，修飾前面名詞cnstructins，構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填dating。
②考查動詞不定式。句意：該遺址首次發(fā)現(xiàn)于1978年，曾是屈家?guī)X文化時期（公元前3300-2600年）的一個城市，這是一個新石器時代的文明，起源于長江中上游，主要發(fā)現(xiàn)于今天的湖南和湖北省。used t d過去常常做某事，此處為不定式t，后接動詞原形，固定搭配。故填t be。
③考查非限制性定語從句。句意：該遺址首次發(fā)現(xiàn)于1978年，曾是屈家?guī)X文化時期（公元前3300-2600年）的一個城市，這是一個新石器時代的文明，起源于長江中上游，主要發(fā)現(xiàn)于今天的湖南和湖北省。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句為非限制性定語從句。先行詞Nelithic civilizatin在從句作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which引導。故填which。
④考查非謂語動詞。句意：該遺址首次發(fā)現(xiàn)于1978年，曾是屈家?guī)X文化時期（公元前3300-2600年）的一個城市，這是一個新石器時代的文明，起源于長江中上游，主要發(fā)現(xiàn)于今天的湖南和湖北省。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處作謂語動詞，主語the site構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞形式。故填fund。
⑤考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：自2020年以來，研究人員已經(jīng)在城墻西南部分進行了三次挖掘。根據(jù)since 2020，可知主句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，與前面名詞Researchers保持一致，have cnducted符合題意。故填have cnducted。
⑥考查介詞。句意：在這片721平方米的土地上發(fā)現(xiàn)了30多處房屋遺址，出土了一些建于4800年前的木質(zhì)建筑遺跡。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，a number f wden architectural relics unearthed不是完整的句子，用with復合結(jié)構(gòu)，表達“出土了一些木質(zhì)建筑遺跡”，符合題意。故填with。
⑦考查形容詞最高級。句意：研究人員認為它們是中國最完整和最早的木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)前面the mst cmplete，可知此處與其構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，用形容詞最高級形式。故填earliest。
⑧考查冠詞。句意：此外，稻殼的殘骸在現(xiàn)場也發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些建筑，占地面積為80平方米。cver an area f...占地面積為……固定搭配。故填an。
⑨考查副詞。句意：研究人員堅信，新發(fā)現(xiàn)將豐富史前中國的建筑史。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處修飾前面動詞believe用副詞修飾，strngly符合題意。故填strngly。
⑩考查名詞。句意：這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于我們了解長江流域的整體建筑風格，北京大學考古博物館學院教授趙輝說。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處作主語，用名詞，discvery發(fā)現(xiàn)，符合題意。故填discvery。
四、
答案：①in②lcated③which④develpment⑤significant⑥have been preserved⑦it⑧Therefre⑨is⑩t strengthen
解析：①考查介詞。短語動詞exist in意為"在于"，故填in。
②考查形容詞。在句中作hutngs的后置定語，故填 lcated。
③考查關(guān)系詞。先行詞為residence。且介詞提前，故填which。
④考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的the,填develpment。
⑤考查形容詞。根據(jù)空后的aspect可知，缺定語，故填significant。
⑥考查謂語。根據(jù)句中狀語since then可知，用完成時,且主謂之間為被動，故填have been preserved。
⑦考查代詞。it在句中作形式賓語。故填it。
⑧考查副詞。根據(jù)前后的邏輯關(guān)系，填therefre。
⑨考查主謂一致。動名詞短語作主語，用單數(shù)。故填is。
⑩考查不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)表目的。故填t strengthen。
五、
答案：①the②t rganize③have given/give④leading⑤students'⑥authrities⑦strictly⑧and/while⑨be reduced⑩int
解析：①考查冠詞。句意：教育部周一表示，小學一、二年級學生不應考筆試，小學其他年級學生每學期只應考一次期末考試。由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞需加定冠詞，在此處為"教育部" (the Ministry f Educatin)，故填the。
②考查非謂語動詞。句意：教育部在一份旨在減輕中小學生過重學習負擔的新通知中表示，中學可以在學期中和期末分別組織一次考試。結(jié)合句意表示"被允許做某事"可知短語為be allwed t d sth.。故填t rganize。
③考查時態(tài)。句意：有些學校已經(jīng)組織了太多的考試，太難了。這里談到的是現(xiàn)在的情況，考試太多、太難，需要改革。強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可以看作陳述現(xiàn)在的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填have given/give。
④考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句意：結(jié)果，學生不得不高強度學習，導致了應試教育和沉重的學習負擔。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作結(jié)果狀語，前面是行為，后面是促成的結(jié)果（應試教育），故填leading。
⑤考查名詞及其所有格。句意：同時，這種做法損害了學生的身心健康，必須加以糾正。分析句意，這種做法損害的是萬千學生的身心健康，應用可數(shù)名詞student（學生）的復數(shù)形式，又由于語境是"學生的"，使用復數(shù)名詞所有格。故填students'。
⑥考查名詞。句意：地方教育主管部門不得組織地區(qū)性或校際考試。authrity（行政管理機構(gòu)，官方，當局）是可數(shù)名詞，且前面沒有冠詞，應用復數(shù)，表示各地的教育行政部門，故填authrities。
⑦考查副詞。句意：此外，學校應該嚴格規(guī)定期末考試的內(nèi)容，確保難度不超過國家教學大綱。修飾動詞regulate應用副詞strictly，作狀語。故填strictly。
⑧考查連詞。句意：考試題目要集中在基礎(chǔ)知識和技能上，減少死記硬背的題目數(shù)量。結(jié)合語境，前后文為并列或?qū)φ贞P(guān)系，應用連詞and或while。故填and/while。
⑨考查被動語態(tài)。句意：考試題目要集中在基礎(chǔ)知識和技能上，減少死記硬背的題目數(shù)量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語questins與謂語動詞reduce之間是邏輯上被動關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)，且情態(tài)動詞shuld后接動詞原形，故填be reduced。
⑩考查動詞與介詞的固定搭配。句意：而且，考試成績不需要給出具體的分數(shù)，應該分為4~5個等級。固定短語（把……分為……)的被動形式是be divided int(……被分為……)，故填int。
六、
答案：crwds; frm; laying; the; were used; fairly; it; managed; intrductin; successful
解析： ①考查名詞的單復數(shù)。根據(jù)空前面的形容詞terrible可知此處填名詞,crwd表示"人群",是可數(shù)名詞,前面沒有不定冠詞a,所以用復數(shù)形式。
②考查介詞。t and frm往返,來回,來來往往。t and frm wrk上下班。
③考查非謂語動詞。laying和句中的digging up, building并列。
④考查冠詞。tp 是名詞,前面要用冠詞,此處特指在挖的路的上面,所以用定冠詞the。
⑤考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處講的是過去的事情,主語Steam engines和use之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
⑥考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。此處需要用副詞來修飾形容詞unpleasant。
⑦考查代詞。用it指代前句中的railway。
⑧考查時態(tài)。此處講的是過去的事情,所以用一般過去時,主語engineers和manage之間是主動關(guān)系,故填managed。
⑨考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。根據(jù)空前面的with和定冠詞the可知此處需要填名詞。with the intrductin f表示"隨……的引進"。
⑩考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。句意:倫敦中央地鐵是這些新地鐵線中最成功的線路之一。根據(jù)句意以及空格前的the mst可知,此處是the mst+多音節(jié)形容詞構(gòu)成最高級,故填successful。
七、
答案：1. smething2. that3. t tie4. is put5. a6. lighter7. In8. imaginative9. classes10. gne
解析：
1. smething考查不定代詞(詞形轉(zhuǎn)換)。
2. that考查固定搭配(句型)。
3. t tie考查非謂語動詞(不定式作目的狀語)。
4. is put考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。
5. a 考查冠詞。
6. lighter考查形容詞地比較級形式。
7. In 考查介詞用法(固定搭配)。
8. imaginative考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞)。
9. classes考查名詞復數(shù)。
10. gne考查動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
八、
答案：1. a2. called3. was used4. appealing5. ppularity6. intrducing7. as8. what9. are10. specially
解析：
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了氣候小說這一文學形式。
[小題1]考查冠詞。句意:它現(xiàn)在是一個常見的討論話題,甚至在我們讀的書中都有發(fā)現(xiàn)。tpic為可數(shù)名詞此處表示泛指,且cmmn發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,需用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a.
[小題2]考查非謂語動詞。句意:由于他的作品,一種被稱為氣候小說或紀實小說的體裁獲得了新生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,已有謂語動詞has fund,空處需填非謂語動詞作后置定語,genre和call為邏輯動賓關(guān)系, 需用過去分詞形式。故called
[小題3]考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意: 2007年,美國氣候活動人士兼作家丹布魯姆首次使用了“氣候小說”一詞。根據(jù)時間狀語"in 2007”可知,此處為一般過去時,主語The term cli - fi和use為被動關(guān)系, 需用被動語態(tài),主語為單數(shù)名詞,be動詞用was. 故填was used。
[小題4]考查形容詞。句意:他想讓“氣候小說”更有吸引力?！癿ake+賓語+賓語補足語“為固定用法,空處需填形容詞作賓語補足語。故境appealing。
[小題5]考查名詞。句意:據(jù)布魯姆說,這個詞真正流行起來是在加拿大作家瑪格麗特阿特伍德在一條推特上使用了這個詞,并把它介紹給了她的50萬朵花。Gained后面需填名詞作賓語, ppular it意為“流行",是不可數(shù)名詞。故填ppularity.
[小題6]考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,已有謂語動詞used,空處需填非謂語動詞作狀語,Canadian writer Margaret Atwd和intrduce為邏輯主謂關(guān)系,需用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填intrducing.
[小題7]考查連詞。句意:顧名思義,氣候小說是指以氣候變化或全球變暖為主題的小說。just as為連詞,意為“正如引導方式狀語從句。故填as。
[小題8]考查賓語從句。句意:這類書籍可以幫助我們想象,由于重大的氣候變化事件,未來的世界會是什么樣子?？仗幰龑зe語從句,從句缺少表語,需用連接代詞what引導。故填what。
[小題9]考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這類題材在大學生中很受歡迎,因為它通常著眼于與當今真實發(fā)生的事情相關(guān)的話題。that引導的定語從句缺少謂語動詞,此處陳述客觀事實,使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語that, 指代tpics, 謂語動詞使用復數(shù)形式。故填are.
[小題10]考查副詞。句意:氣候小說也有助于激勵學生選擇理工科專業(yè),一些大學甚至開設了專門針對氣候小說的課程。修飾動詞短語fcusing n需用副詞作狀語。故填specially.
九、
答案：1. the2. innvative3. wh4. clearly5. designed6. After7. were8. cmpleting9. was selected10. inspiratin
解析： ①考查冠詞。句意:2022年北京冬奧會可愛的吉祥物"冰墩墩"近日熱銷。根據(jù)后文"f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics"可知,此處特指"2022年北京冬奧會的吉祥物",需用定冠詞the修飾。故填the。
②考查形容詞。句意:其設計背后的創(chuàng)新理念是什么?修飾名詞ideas應填形容詞innvative作定語。故填innvative。
③考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意:北京2022年冬奧會吉祥物設計團隊負責人曹雪教授向CMG講述了這個故事。分析可知,空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為Prfessr Ca Xue,指人,在定語從句中作主語,故需用關(guān)系代詞wh引導。故填wh。
④考查副詞。句意:曹雪清楚地記得2019年9月17日那激動人心的一天,那一天,奧組委正式宣布由他的團隊設計的吉祥物為北京冬季奧運會吉祥物。分析可知,修飾動詞remembers需用副詞作狀語。故填clearly。
⑤考查過去分詞。句意:曹雪清楚地記得2019年9月17日那激動人心的一天,那一天,奧組委正式宣布由他的團隊設計的吉祥物為北京冬季奧運會吉祥物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句已有謂語annunced,空處需填非謂語動詞作后置定語,the masct和design為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故需用過去分詞形式作定語。故填designed。
⑥考查介詞。句意:經(jīng)過許多學者的討論,吉祥物有了一個新名字"冰墩墩"。表示"在……之后"應用介詞after,所填詞位于句首,首字母需大寫。故填After。
⑦考查時態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:在那段時間里,幾乎沒有假期,他們最終完成了一萬多份手稿。根據(jù)語境及后文"ended up"可知,此處應使用一般過去時,根據(jù)there be句型的就近原則及hlidays可知,此處應使用復數(shù)形式。故填were。
⑧考查動名詞。句意:在那段時間里,幾乎沒有假期,他們最終完成了一萬多份手稿。end up ding sth.為固定短語,意為"以做某事結(jié)束"。故填cmpleting。
⑨考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:最終,以熊貓為原型的冰墩墩從來自35個國家和地區(qū)的近6000個參賽作品中脫穎而出。分析可知,此處缺乏謂語,句子是在陳述過去發(fā)生的事情,應使用一般過去時,主語Bing Dwen Dwen和select為被動關(guān)系,故需用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語Bing Dwen Dwen為單數(shù),be動詞應用was。故填was selected。
⑩考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意:曹雪表示,這一設計靈感來自中國傳統(tǒng)小吃"冰糖葫蘆",而外殼也類似于宇航服。分析可知,空處需填名詞inspiratin作主語,inspiratin在這里意為"靈感",為抽象名詞,不可數(shù)。故填inspiratin。
十、
答案：①its ②frm ③applicatin(s) ④be used ⑤while/but ⑥r(nóng)equires ⑦written ⑧grwing ⑨which ⑩safer
解析：①考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知, 此處表示"在宋朝的國力鼎盛時期", 故用形容詞性物主代詞its。
②考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知, 此處表示"來自統(tǒng)治者的大力支持", 故填frm, 表示"來自"。
③考查名詞?？涨坝行稳菰~practical, 故應填apply的名詞形式, 表示"應用, 運用"。
④考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知, 每個單獨的方塊能夠印一個單字, 然后可以再次被使用, 故填be used。
⑤考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知, 空前說漢語使用大量的文字, 空后說大部分歐洲語言使用單獨的字母。故此處前后形成對比或表示轉(zhuǎn)折, 應用while或but。
⑥考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。此句的主語是動名詞短語"Printing texts", 且描述的是客觀情況, 謂語動詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式requires。
⑦考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)語境可知, 空處做定語, 修飾cmmunicatin, 意為"書面交流", 故應用形容詞written(書面的)。
⑧考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？涨盀閍, 空后為名詞number, 則空處應用形容詞grwing, 表示"增長的, 增加的", 做定語修飾number。
⑨考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空處引導非限制性定語從句, 先行詞為the cmpass, 故填關(guān)系代詞which。
⑩考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知, 此處表示"指南針與另一項中國發(fā)明—星圖以及地圖一起使海上旅行更安全", 所以需填safe的比較級形式safer。

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