專題04 自然災(zāi)害 -備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語(yǔ)單元話題”語(yǔ)法填空閱讀理解讀后續(xù)寫“專項(xiàng)突破（人教版2019）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?專題04 自然災(zāi)害

Part 1 語(yǔ)法填空
（一）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
China’s Henan province?1．(make)?headlines as it was hit with?heavy?rains, which left people dead, missing and?2．(severe)?affected.?3．?donations, supplies and condolences(慰唁)?rolling in, many Chinese enterprises are setting?4．?positive example.
Chinese sportswear company ERKE made a donation of 50 million yuan ($7.7 million) to provide supplies for flood?5．(relieve)?and aid. After the company made the announcement on?6．(it)?social media platform, Sina Weibo, on Wednesday, it received widespread support.
One of the comments?7．(leave)?by a netizen ranked at the top under the topic. “It feels like you’re going out of business and you donated so much,” the netizen wrote.
What made the company’s donation?8．(impress)?and led it to go viral is the fact that the donation is a big sum for the company,?9．(consider)?that ERKE’s business didn’t seem to develop very smoothly during the past few years.
On Thursday night, the company’s live streaming channel on Taobao, Alibaba’s e-commerce platform, attracted over 2 million people,?10．?was a big increase from its usual number?of viewers.
（二）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Climate change makes wildfires, hurricanes and heat waves more frequent 11． stronger than before. The bad effects are in the headlines 12． (regular). The warming climate also changes lives 13． subtler (不易察覺的) ways.
In Tampa, Fla. , Sara Brogan says summers are getting 14． (hot). Going to the beach to cool off is a decades-long tradition for her family. They 15． (go) to the beach once this summer. There was a red tide. These algae (水藻) blooms are increasing, likely because of human 16． (pollute) and warming temperatures. They produce toxins (毒素) that kill sea life. That is 17． Brogan is staying away from the beach. A lot of times it's—before you even get there, you can feel the smell of dead fish is very strong.
Wildfire smoke obviously is not good for people and the animal. Heather Duchow and her husband celebrated 18． (they) 20th anniversary in Montana's Glacier National Park. When they got there, it was very smoky. She felt disappointed: the smoke made it difficult 19． (see) the awe-inspiring views she remembered. For future anniversaries, they may go sooner in the summer,20． (hope) to avoid the worst of fire season. It's strongly recommended that some measures should be taken to control the warming climate.
（三）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式（每空至多3詞）
Wildfires can start in forests or on open land, and the flames spread very quickly. Sometimes they start because the weather is hot and dry, but 21． (most) humans cause wildfires. We can prevent them by carefully 22． (control) campfires and other outdoor fires.
Other natural disasters are impossible to prevent. A typhoon is a tropical (熱帶的) storm 23． starts over the sea. When Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and Vietnam in 2013, the winds reached over 100 kph and caused great damage. Six thousand people 24． (kill), and more than two million had to leave their homes. Today we can predict these storms, and if we attach importance 25． weather warnings, we can prepare for them.
Unlike a storm, 26． earthquake is usually unexpected. A huge earthquake hit Pakistan in October 2015. “The ground was shaking,” said one resident. “But worse than that was the sound of the earthquake. It was 27． (frighten).” Earthquakes usually don’t last more than a minute, but their influences can be terrible. Buildings fall down and this can sometimes cause fires. It can be very difficult to find 28． (survive) in the damaged areas.
These are just three examples of 29． deadly nature can be. But humans can use technology 30． (make) predictions and work together when things go wrong.

Part 2 閱讀理解
（一）
Japan is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters because of its climate and topography(地形), and it has experienced countless earthquakes, typhoons, and other types of disasters.
A number of factors contribute to the high incidence of natural disasters in Japan. Firstly, the country faces extreme climate changes, such as seasonal rain fronts and typhoons, as well as heavy snowfall on the Sea of Japan. Secondly, Japan's topography is rugged(崎嶇不平的). Thirdly, Japan is located in the Pacific earthquake belt and is often struck by earthquakes, while its complex coastline is vulnerable to tsunamis. And fourthly, Japan is located in the circum-Pacific zone, in which almost all the volcanoes of the world are concentrated, and has 83 active volcanoes—one-tenth of the world total.
Between the end of World War Il and the late 1950s, when Japan's defenses against disasters were weakened by the war, the country was hit by a series of major typhoons, violent earthquakes, and other disasters, and over 1, 000 lives were lost almost every year. The Ise Bay Typhoon of September 1959 killed more than 5,000 people, the biggest number in the postwar period. It urged the establishment of a planned and complete disaster prevention administration system, and in 1961 the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act was made. After that measures for prevention, emergency relief, and recovery were linked interactively under a system that ensured effective ways to disaster countermeasures. In June 1960 a decision was reached to observe a "Disaster Prevention Day" each year on September 1 as a means of spreading disaster prevention knowledge and raising public awareness.
Japan in the 1960s thus began actively carrying out measures to shore up both the physical and institutional safeguards against disasters, with particular measures being placed on disaster prevention. These efforts have greatly reduced the number of people who die or become missing as a result of natural disasters. The declining trend is still continuing, and the number has fallen to between 100 and 200 per year in recent years.
31．Why do many natural disasters happen in Japan?
A．Because of Japan's ignorance. B．Because of Japan's location.
C．Because of Japan's poor ability. D．Because of Japan's wrong measures.
32．What is most likely to happen in the circum-pacific zone?
A．Heavy snowfall. B．Earthquakes. C．Typhoons. D．Volcanoes.
33．What can we know about the Ise Bay Typhoon?
A．It showed Japan's defenses against disasters were weak.
B．It promoted the disaster prevention administration system.
C．It was the worst disaster in Japan's history.
D．It made about 1, 000 people lose their lives.
34．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 4?
A．There are still many natural disasters in Japan now.
B．Japan did a lot to fight against natural disasters in the 1960s.
C．The natural disasters in Japan are dropping.
D．Japan's measures against natural disasters have worked much.
（二）
When architect Douglas Cardinal was studying at the University of Texas many years ago, he used to drive to the college through the Rocky Mountains from his home Alberta, Canada. “I was inspired by those forms,” Cardinal told an American journalist. “They helped me realize architecture should come from the natural environment of a place.”
While Canadians are familiar with Cardinal's highly original work, he is not alone in taking inspiration from nature and preferring curves (曲線) to straight lines. As a key contributor to an international movement known as organic architecture, Cardinal has had his work and views presented in the book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave by British architect David Pearson. In his book, Pearson expresses the meaning of organic architecture with examples of amazing buildings by 30 architects from 15 countries.
For example, in New Caledonia, Italian architect Renzon Piano has designed a village inspired by native cottages and their relationship to nature. In Palm Springs, California, American architect Kendrick Bangs Kellogg has created a desert house that looks like a bird. The house is earthquake-proof (抗震的) and stores the sun's heat, letting it out at night.
“There's a growing awareness of the need for all architects to influence the environment as little as possible,” Pearson said. “What is new is to link the newer environmental awareness to the passionate (充滿熱情地) design that can come out of looking at nature and its forms.”
“Organic architecture is rooted in a passion for life, nature and natural forms,” Pearson writes. “Its free-flowing curves and expressive forms are in agreement with the human body, mind, spirit. In a well-designed organic building, we feel better and freer.”
Cardinal has won an award for his new work. “There's a countless variety of forms in nature, and I am continually inspired by observing all these forms,” says Cardinal.
35．Where did Cardinal's design ideas come from?
A．A famous architect. B．A journalist who interviewed him.
C．The natural scenery on his way to college. D．The book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave.
36．What do we know about Cardinal?
A．He likes straight lines more. B．He failed to win an award for his works.
C．He is less popular in Canada than in America. D．He made great efforts in the organic architecture movement.
37．What do buildings in Pearson's book have in common?
A．They look like birds. B．They are earthquake-proof.
C．They draw inspiration from nature. D．They can keep still in an earthquake.
38．What does Cardinal think of organic architecture?
A．It needs further development. B．It combines humanity with nature.
C．It fails to care about the environment. D．It focuses mainly on its attractive appearance.
39．Which is the best title for the text?
A．Influences of architecture on environment. B．An inspirational architecture book.
C．Amazing buildings inspired by nature. D．Cardinal and his organic architecture.
（三）
I think my hometown Belarus is a lucky place because it doesn't experience dangerous natural disasters such as volcano eruptions, earthquakes, or hurricanes.
However, sometimes spring floods happen in low areas of my town. It can be strong enough to damage crop fields, roads, and plants. Moreover, it is dangerous for the livestock which might die in the water. As you can see, a flood is rather harmful for the countryside.
In the summer time, hail and heavy rainstorms visit Belarus, but they never cause serious damage to buildings or people's deaths. Even though some trees or other plants might be uprooted or destroyed, people actually don't pay a lot of attention to these disasters because they don't occur very often.
In winter, we sometimes experience snowstorms with heavy snow and strong winds. Several years ago,for instance,people couldn't arrive at their jobs because a lot of snow was on the streets. Schools were closed on that day, but children weren't anxious about it. They really enjoyed the snow mountains outdoors.
As for me, I was unhappy about that day. My apartment building is located on a hill. It isn't big, so I had never had any problems with driving a car near my home. However, it took me almost two hours to arrive home from the foot of the hill because there was so much snow on the road that my car couldn't move. I had to ask people in the street to help me to push the car out of the snow. Later, when everything was over, my friends and I were laughing when we imagined how funny I was while pushing a heavy car.
As you may notice, natural disasters in my country depend on the seasons of the year. Although we experience several kinds of natural weather conditions, they are not very dangerous. And people often try to have fun during or after them.
40．What happens in the spring in the author's town?
A．Hurricanes B．Floods C．Rainstorms D．Snowstorms
41．Why do people pay little attention to heavy rainstorms or hail in summer?
A．Because they are not common in the town. B．Because it never snows in the summer.
C．Because they cause no trouble to the livestock. D．Because there are few people in the town.
42．What was the children's feeling towards the snowstorm in winter?
A．Worried B．Alarmed C．Excited D．Encouraged
43．What can we infer about the people in the town?
A．They are rude to strange people. B．They are fond of the cold life in winter.
C．They are unsatisfied with their life. D．They are willing to help others.

Part 3 讀后續(xù)寫
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Yumi stood at the door of the cabin (小屋).She watched black clouds roll across the sky. "This has been an awful vacation, she said to Mei. “We've been in this cabin all week because of this rain. Then I wanted to go into town with Mom and Dad today, but you got sick."
"I couldn't help it," Mei cried.
Yumi didn't listen to her. “My friend Sue is lucky. She's an only child. She never has to miss out on things because of a little sister," she said.
With an angry click, she turned on the radio. “Word is just in," a man said. “There is a chance of a flash flood in Green Valley. The water in Copper Lake has reached the top of the dam. The dam could give way at any time. People in Green Valley are in danger. They should move to high ground right away. "
“Should we leave?” Mei asked.
“No, Mom and Dad will be home soon. I don't want to leave until they get here, ” Yumi answered.
Yumi was upset. Every past year she loved their vacations in Green Valley. But this year the rain spoiled(毀掉)everything. The sky grew darker. Heavy rain beat against the windows, and thunder shook the cabin. "Yumi, I'm scared," Mei said. “What if the dam breaks?”
“It won't," Yumi said. She hoped Mei believed her. Yumi didn't want Mei to know how scared she was.
The radio stopped in the middle of a song. A man came on the air talking loud and fast. “The Copper Lake Dam has broken. Everyone in Green Valley must move to high ground NOW!”
Yumi's heart raced. "Let's get out of here!” she cried. She took Mei's arm and pulled her outside. They could hear a terrible roar(咆哮)coming from the far end of the valley. Yumi and Mei dashed up the muddy road behind their cabin. The thundering roar grew louder. Yumi looked back. The wall of water was coming faster. It seemed to be swallowing all of Green Valley. In another minute it would hit them.
注意:
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Yumi saw a large tree just ahead.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In a short time the flood water began to go down.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案
Part 1 語(yǔ)法填空
（一）
1．made
2．severely
3．With
4．a(chǎn)
5．relief
6．its
7．left
8．impressive
9．considering
10．which
【分析】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。在河南省近日的救災(zāi)活動(dòng)中，中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝公司鴻星爾克捐贈(zèng)5000萬(wàn)元人民幣(770萬(wàn)美元)，為抗洪救災(zāi)和援助提供物資，受到了舉國(guó)關(guān)注。
1．
考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：中國(guó)河南省近日遭遇暴雨襲擊，造成多人死亡、失蹤，受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重，成為新聞?lì)^條。根據(jù)“as it was hit with heavy rains”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填made。
2．
考查副詞。句意：中國(guó)河南省近日遭遇暴雨襲擊，造成多人死亡、失蹤，受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重，成為新聞?lì)^條。修飾動(dòng)詞affected應(yīng)用副詞severely表示“嚴(yán)重地”作狀語(yǔ)。故填severely。
3．
考查介詞。句意：隨著捐款、物資和吊唁的滾滾而來(lái)，許多中國(guó)企業(yè)樹立了積極的榜樣。根據(jù)“donations, supplies and condolences(慰唁) rolling in”可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞with構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句首首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填With。
4．
考查冠詞。句意：隨著捐款、物資和吊唁的滾滾而來(lái)，許多中國(guó)企業(yè)樹立了積極的榜樣。此處第一次提及example，所以是泛指，positive開頭發(fā)音為輔音，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故填a。
5．
考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝公司鴻星爾克捐贈(zèng)5000萬(wàn)元人民幣(770萬(wàn)美元)，為抗洪救災(zāi)和援助提供物資。根據(jù)“and aid”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞relief表示“救濟(jì)”作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)。故填relief。
6．
考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：周三，該公司在其社交媒體平臺(tái)新浪微博上宣布這一消息后，得到了廣泛的支持。修飾名詞platform應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its表示“它的”。故填its。
7．
考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：一名網(wǎng)民留下的評(píng)論排在該話題下方的最前面。動(dòng)詞leave意為“留下”，和謂語(yǔ)之間沒有連詞，和邏輯主語(yǔ)comments構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作已完成，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填left。
8．
考查形容詞。句意：ERKE的捐贈(zèng)之所以讓人印象深刻，并迅速走紅，是因?yàn)檫@對(duì)公司來(lái)說(shuō)是一筆大數(shù)目，而ERKE的業(yè)務(wù)在過(guò)去幾年似乎發(fā)展得并不順利。此處使用“make+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞impressive表示“令人印象深刻的”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)donation的狀態(tài)。故填impressive。
9．
考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：ERKE的捐贈(zèng)之所以讓人印象深刻，并迅速走紅，是因?yàn)檫@對(duì)公司來(lái)說(shuō)是一筆大數(shù)目，而ERKE的業(yè)務(wù)在過(guò)去幾年似乎發(fā)展得并不順利。動(dòng)詞consider意為“考慮”，和謂語(yǔ)之間沒有連詞，和主句構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填considering。
10．
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：周四晚上，阿里巴巴電商平臺(tái)淘寶上的直播頻道吸引了超過(guò)200萬(wàn)人，比平時(shí)的觀眾數(shù)量有了大幅增長(zhǎng)。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且修飾主句，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
（二）
11．a(chǎn)nd
12．regularly
13．in
14．hotter
15．went
16．pollution
17．why
18．their
19．to see
20．hoping
【分析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了全球變暖對(duì)人們生活和自然環(huán)境的影響。
11．
考查連詞。句意：氣候變化使得野火、颶風(fēng)和熱浪比起以前變得更加頻繁，威力更強(qiáng)了。此處連接兩個(gè)作賓補(bǔ)的形容詞比較級(jí)，表示并列關(guān)系應(yīng)使用連詞and。故填and。
12．
考查副詞。句意：負(fù)面效應(yīng)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在頭條中。分析句子可知，空白處用頻率副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填regularly。
13．
考查介詞。句意：氣候變暖也在以不易察覺的方式改變著生命。in搭配ways表示“以……的方式”。故填in。
14．
考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：Sara Brogan聲稱夏天正變得越來(lái)越熱。本文討論的是包括全球變暖在內(nèi)的氣候變化，這里要表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“夏天變得更熱了”，要用hot的比較級(jí)。故填hotter。
15．
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們這個(gè)夏天曾去過(guò)一次沙灘。由句末的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this summer可知，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填went。
16．
考查名詞。句意：這些藻華現(xiàn)象正在增多，可能是因?yàn)槿藶槲廴竞蜌鉁厣仙?。這里空白處與warming temperatures并列作of的賓語(yǔ)，需要一個(gè)名詞，應(yīng)使用不可數(shù)名詞pollution表示“污染”。故填pollution。
17．
考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：這就是為什么Brogan會(huì)遠(yuǎn)離海灘。分析句子可知，空白前句缺少表語(yǔ)，后句成分完整，考慮表語(yǔ)從句，聯(lián)系前文對(duì)赤潮現(xiàn)象的解釋，可以推知這就是Brogan遠(yuǎn)離海灘的原因，表原因應(yīng)使用why作連接詞，作原因狀語(yǔ)，故填why。
18．
考查代詞。句意：Heather Duchow和丈夫在蒙大拿冰河國(guó)家公園慶祝結(jié)婚20周年。分析句子可知，20th anniversary作賓語(yǔ)，空白處作定語(yǔ)修飾其應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞their，表示“他們的”。故填their。
19．
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：煙霧讓他們很難看到記憶中令人驚嘆的景色。分析句子可知，該句使用了形式賓語(yǔ)搭配賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，符合“主語(yǔ)+使役動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)+不定式”的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，真正的賓語(yǔ)由不定式擔(dān)當(dāng)。故填to see。
20．
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：未來(lái)的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日，他們可能寧愿在夏天去，寄希望于避開最嚴(yán)重的野火季節(jié)。分析句子可知，主句成分完整，hope是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在這里作狀語(yǔ)，hope與主句主語(yǔ)they之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填hoping。
（三）
21．mostly
22．controlling
23．which/that
24．were killed
25．to
26．a(chǎn)n
27．frightening
28．survivors
29．how
30．to make
【分析】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了自然界中三種可致命的自然災(zāi)害——火災(zāi)、臺(tái)風(fēng)和地震，但人類可以利用科技做出預(yù)測(cè)，并在事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)協(xié)同工作。
21．
考查副詞。句意：有時(shí)火災(zāi)發(fā)生是因?yàn)樘鞖庋谉岣稍?，但大多?shù)火災(zāi)是由人類引起的。根據(jù)句子humans cause wildfires可知此處要用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，修飾句子。故填mostly。
22．
考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：我們可以通過(guò)小心控制篝火和其他戶外火源來(lái)預(yù)防它們。根據(jù)介詞by“通過(guò)”可知此處要用動(dòng)名詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填controlling。
23．
考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：臺(tái)風(fēng)是一種從海上開始的熱帶風(fēng)暴。分析句子可知，此處是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是 storm，指物，缺少關(guān)系詞，根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句 3 starts over the sea中缺少主語(yǔ)，可知此處要用關(guān)系代詞which/that。故填which/that。
24．
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：6000人被殺，超過(guò)200萬(wàn)人被迫離開家園。根據(jù)上文 in 2013可知此句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，分析句子可知，此處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)是Six thousand people，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞kill之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可知此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were killed。
25．
考查介詞。句意：今天我們可以預(yù)測(cè)這些風(fēng)暴，如果我們重視天氣警報(bào)，我們可以為它們做好準(zhǔn)備。固定短語(yǔ)attach importance to“重視”。故填to。
26．
考查冠詞。句意：與風(fēng)暴不同，地震通常是意想不到的。根據(jù)名詞earthquake是以元音音素開頭，可知此處要用不定冠詞an，表示泛指。故填an。
27．
考查-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞。句意：“但比這更糟糕的是地震的聲音。它是可怕的?！贝颂幱眯稳菰~作表語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞人用-ed形容詞，修飾形容詞物用-ing形容詞，主語(yǔ)It指的是上文的 the sound of the earthquake，是物，用-ing形容詞frightening (可怕的)。故填frightening。
28．
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在受災(zāi)地區(qū)很難找到幸存者。根據(jù)find可知此處要用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，由in the damaged areas可知要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，survivor是可數(shù)名詞。故填survivors。
29．
考查副詞。句意：這只是三個(gè)例子，說(shuō)明了大自然是多么的致命。分析句子可知，此處是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞deadly可知此處要用副詞how。故填how。
30．
考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：但人類可以利用科技做出預(yù)測(cè)，并在事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)協(xié)同工作。根據(jù)can use technology可知此處要用動(dòng)詞不定式（to do），作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to make。
Part 2 閱讀理解
（一）
31．B
32．D
33．B
34．D
【分析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。眾所周知，日本的自然災(zāi)害非常多。文章中作者主要介紹了日本自然災(zāi)害高發(fā)的因素和日本對(duì)自然災(zāi)害采取的一些措施。
31．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Japan is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters because of its climate and topography(地形), and it has experienced countless earthquakes, typhoons, and other types of disasters.（日本的氣候和地形特別容易受到自然災(zāi)害的影響，它經(jīng)歷了無(wú)數(shù)的地震、臺(tái)風(fēng)和其他類型的災(zāi)害。）”可知，日本發(fā)生這么多自然災(zāi)害是因?yàn)槿毡镜臍夂蚝偷乩砦恢?。故選B項(xiàng)。
32．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“And fourthly, Japan is located in the circum-Pacific zone, in which almost all the volcanoes of the world are concentrated, and has 83 active volcanoes—one-tenth of the world total.（第四，日本位于環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)，世界上幾乎所有的火山都集中在這個(gè)地區(qū)，有83座活火山，占世界活火山總數(shù)的十分之一。）”由此可知，環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)有可能發(fā)生火山爆發(fā)。故選D項(xiàng)。
33．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二、第三句“The Ise Bay Typhoon of September 1959 killed more than 5,000 people, the biggest number in the postwar period. It urged the establishment of a planned and complete disaster prevention administration system, and in 1961 the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act was made. （1959年9月的伊勢(shì)灣臺(tái)風(fēng)造成5000多人死亡，是戰(zhàn)后死亡人數(shù)最多的一次。政府要求建立有計(jì)劃的、完整的防災(zāi)管理體系，并于1961年制定了《災(zāi)害對(duì)策基本法》。）”由此可知，伊勢(shì)灣臺(tái)風(fēng)推進(jìn)日本防災(zāi)管理體系建設(shè)。故選B項(xiàng)。
34．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Japan in the 1960s thus began actively carrying out measures to shore up both the physical and institutional safeguards against disasters, with particular measures being placed on disaster prevention. These efforts have greatly reduced the number of people who die or become missing as a result of natural disasters. The declining trend is still continuing, and the number has fallen to between 100 and 200 per year in recent years.（因此，日本在1960年代開始積極采取措施，加強(qiáng)對(duì)災(zāi)害的物質(zhì)和體制保障，特別采取了預(yù)防災(zāi)害的措施。這些努力大大減少了因自然災(zāi)害而死亡或失蹤的人數(shù)。下降趨勢(shì)仍在繼續(xù)，近年來(lái)已降至每年100至200人。）”由此可以推知，作者在本段想告訴我們?nèi)毡緫?yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的措施發(fā)揮了很大作用。故選D項(xiàng)。
（二）
35．C
36．D
37．C
38．B
39．D
【分析】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了建筑師Douglas Cardinal，他從大自然中汲取靈感、喜歡曲線而不是直線，創(chuàng)作與自然環(huán)境相貼合的有機(jī)建筑，他的作品和觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表在英國(guó)建筑師David Pearson的《新有機(jī)建筑：破浪》一書中。
35．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“When architect Douglas Cardinal was studying at the University of Texas many years ago, he used to drive to the college through the Rocky Mountains from his home Alberta, Canada. “I was inspired by those forms,” Cardinal told an American journalist. “They helped me realize architecture should come from the natural environment of a place.”(當(dāng)建筑師Douglas Cardinal多年前在德克薩斯大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，他曾從他家鄉(xiāng)加拿大阿爾伯塔的洛磯山開車去學(xué)校。Cardinal告訴一位美國(guó)記者：“我受到了這些形式的啟發(fā)?！薄八鼈儙椭艺J(rèn)識(shí)到建筑應(yīng)該來(lái)自一個(gè)地方的自然環(huán)境?！?”可知，建筑師Douglas Cardinal從家鄉(xiāng)去學(xué)校途中，路經(jīng)家鄉(xiāng)加拿大阿爾伯塔的洛磯山，受到了路上的自然景色影響，認(rèn)識(shí)到建筑應(yīng)該來(lái)自一個(gè)地方的自然環(huán)境，想要按照自然環(huán)境來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)建筑。故選C項(xiàng)。
36．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“As a key contributor to an international movement known as organic architecture, Cardinal has had his work and views presented in the book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave by British architect David Pearson. (作為一個(gè)被稱為有機(jī)建筑國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要貢獻(xiàn)者，Cardinal的作品和觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表在英國(guó)建筑師David Pearson的《新有機(jī)建筑：破浪》一書中)”可知，Cardinal是有機(jī)建筑國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要貢獻(xiàn)者，說(shuō)明他在有機(jī)建筑運(yùn)動(dòng)中做出了巨大的努力。故選D項(xiàng)。
37．
推理判斷題。由第三段“For example, in New Caledonia, Italian architect Renzon Piano has designed a village inspired by native cottages and their relationship to nature. In Palm Springs, California, American architect Kendrick Bangs Kellogg has created a desert house that looks like a bird. The house is earthquake-proof (抗震的) and stores the sun's heat, letting it out at night. (例如，在新喀里多尼亞，意大利建筑師Renzon Piano設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)村莊，其靈感來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)氐拇迳峒捌渑c自然的關(guān)系。在加利福尼亞州的棕櫚泉市，美國(guó)建筑師Kendrick Bangs Kellogg建造了一座看起來(lái)像鳥的沙漠房屋。這所房子是防震的，儲(chǔ)存著太陽(yáng)的熱量，在晚上釋放出來(lái))”可知，本段中列舉了Pearson書中的兩個(gè)建筑，第一個(gè)村莊建筑（其靈感來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)氐拇迳峒捌渑c自然的關(guān)系），第二個(gè)建筑是沙漠房屋（它外形像鳥，利用自然環(huán)境存熱），兩個(gè)建筑都是從大自然中汲取靈感。故選C項(xiàng)。
38．
推理判斷題。由第二段中的“As a key contributor to an international movement known as organic architecture, Cardinal has had his work and views presented in the book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave by British architect David Pearson. (作為一個(gè)被稱為有機(jī)建筑國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要貢獻(xiàn)者，Cardinal的作品和觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表在英國(guó)建筑師David Pearson的《新有機(jī)建筑：破浪》一書中)”和倒數(shù)第二段““Organic architecture is rooted in a passion for life, nature and natural forms,” Pearson writes. Its free-flowing curves and expressive forms are in agreement with the human body, mind, spirit. In a well-designed organic building, we feel better and freer. (Pearson寫道：“有機(jī)建筑植根于對(duì)生命、自然和自然形式的熱愛。它自由流動(dòng)的曲線和表現(xiàn)形式與人體、心靈和精神相一致。在設(shè)計(jì)良好的有機(jī)建筑中，我們感覺更好、更自由。”)”可知，Cardinal的作品和觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表在英國(guó)建筑師David Pearson的一書中，可得出Pearson書中的觀點(diǎn)“有機(jī)建筑是自然和人體、心靈、精神的統(tǒng)一”即是Cardinal贊同的觀點(diǎn)，因此可推斷出Cardinal認(rèn)為有機(jī)建筑是將人性與自然相結(jié)合的一種建筑設(shè)計(jì)理念。故選B項(xiàng)。
39．
主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一二段介紹了建筑師Douglas Cardinal，他從大自然中汲取靈感、喜歡曲線而不是直線，創(chuàng)作與自然環(huán)境相貼合的有機(jī)建筑，他的作品和觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表在英國(guó)建筑師David Pearson的《新有機(jī)建筑：破浪》一書中，第三四五段通過(guò)David Pearson書中相關(guān)內(nèi)容反映Douglas Cardinal將人性與自然相結(jié)合的有機(jī)建筑設(shè)計(jì)理念，最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)Douglas Cardinal的有機(jī)建筑設(shè)計(jì)理念，文章主要介紹Douglas Cardinal和他的有機(jī)建筑，D項(xiàng)“Cardinal和他的有機(jī)建筑”符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。
（三）
40．B
41．A
42．C
43．D
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要描述了作者的家鄉(xiāng)所發(fā)生的一些自然災(zāi)害事件。
40．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“However, sometimes spring floods happen in low areas of my town.(然而，有時(shí)春天的洪水發(fā)生在我們鎮(zhèn)的低洼地區(qū))”可知，作者所在的小鎮(zhèn)的春天有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生洪水。故選B。
41．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Even though some trees or other plants might be uprooted or destroyed, people actually don't pay a lot of attention to these disasters because they don't occur very often.(即使一些樹木或其他植物可能被連根拔起或摧毀，人們實(shí)際上并不太關(guān)注這些災(zāi)難，因?yàn)樗鼈儾⒉唤?jīng)常發(fā)生)”可知，人們很少注意到夏天的暴雨或冰雹因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诔抢锊怀Ｒ姟９蔬xA。
42．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Schools were closed on that day, but children weren't anxious about it. They really enjoyed the snow mountains outdoors.(那天學(xué)校停課，但孩子們并不擔(dān)心。他們真的很喜歡戶外的雪山)”可推知，孩子們對(duì)冬天的暴風(fēng)雪感到激動(dòng)。故選C。
43．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“I had to ask people in the street to help me to push the car out of the snow.(我不得不請(qǐng)街上的人幫我把車從雪地里推出來(lái))”可推知，鎮(zhèn)上的人愿意幫助別人。故選D。

Part 4 讀后續(xù)寫
Yumi saw a large tree just ahead. An idea flashed across her mind. She and Mei were both good at climbing trees. And the large tree was strong enough to stay up in the flood. “Mei, climb it up. I will follow.” Yumi ordered. Without difficulty, they were soon on top of the tree, where they found the ground already covered with rushing waters. And far below the valley their cabins had been swallowed by the currents.
In a short time the flood water began to go down. It was then that Yumi felt cold and hungry. Yumi no longer wanted to be an only child now. Instead of coming down the tree, the two sisters cheered up each other and took turns to shout loud up there for they knew clearly the loud shouts would bring their parents to their side. Incredibly, it worked. When they met, they hugged tightly and shed happy tears. Mom and Dad praised their kids’ wise behavior. They lost their home, but they were alive. After all, to be alive is most important of all.
【分析】
本文以事件發(fā)展過(guò)程為線索，講述了姐妹二人在父母外出去城里期間，兩人待在綠谷的小屋等待父母回來(lái)。期間，姐姐生氣因?yàn)槊妹玫脑?，自己不能和父母一起出去，打開收音機(jī)聽廣播。廣播中響起播音員的警示聲音：綠谷有可能發(fā)生山洪暴發(fā)，大壩隨時(shí)可能坍塌。綠谷的居民應(yīng)該馬上移動(dòng)到高處。之后當(dāng)收音機(jī)再次響起大壩已經(jīng)破裂。綠谷的所有人都必須馬上撤到高地的聲音時(shí)，姐姐抓住妹妹的胳膊，把她拉到外面開始撤離。
【詳解】
1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“Yumi 看到前面有棵大樹。”可知，第一段可描寫Yumi和妹妹一起爬到樹上來(lái)躲避洪水。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“很快，洪水開始沖下來(lái)?！笨芍诙慰擅鑼慪umi和妹妹在看到洪水的過(guò)程中，兩人相互鼓勵(lì)并大喊，喊聲引來(lái)父母的營(yíng)救。
2.續(xù)寫線索：
看到大樹——冒出想法——爬上大樹——洪水沖下來(lái)——姐妹相互鼓勵(lì)——大喊——得到救援
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①看見：catch sight of/ see/find
②想到主意：an idea hit/struck/occurred to one's mind
③爬樹：climb/reach/arrive at the branch of the tree
④鼓勵(lì)：encourage/inspire/push
⑤大喊：shout/yell/cry out
⑥救援：rescue/come to one's help
情緒類
①害怕：scare/fear/afraid
②.積極：positive attitude/act positively
【點(diǎn)睛】
[高分句型1]
Without difficulty, they were soon on top of the tree, where they found the ground already covered with rushing waters.（運(yùn)用了由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）
[高分句型2]
It was then that Yumi felt cold and hungry. （運(yùn)用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

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