賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用的從句
非謂語動(dòng)詞，即“不能單獨(dú)做謂語，但仍保留動(dòng)詞某些特征的動(dòng)詞形式”。① 特點(diǎn)：沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。② 形式：不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）。
非謂語動(dòng)詞:① 動(dòng)詞不定式
人稱代詞是為了避免重復(fù)，用來代替前面提到過的人、事物等名詞的詞，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你們、我們、他們／她們／它們”等代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)以及格的變化。
1、構(gòu)成：① 肯定句：t+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g：I want t read bks.② 否定句：nt t +動(dòng)詞原形 e.g：My parents tell me nt t play n the street.2、特征：不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即“不受主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的影響”。She wants t pen the presents.They want t pen the presents.
1、作賓語：① 結(jié)構(gòu)：v.+ t d e.g：I like t watch ftball matches.② 常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：
e.g：I decided t study hard this semester. She agrees t g ut with me this weekend.
否定形式：① v.+ sb.+ t d →v.+ sb.+ nt t d e.g: Tell them nt t play ftball in the street. ② v.+ sb.+ d →v.+ sb.+nt d e.g：Let the by nt g.
1．My mther ften tells me ________ at schl.A．nt fightB．nt fightingC．dn’t fightD．nt t fight2. —Miss Li, can yu tell me hw t imprve my writing skills? —I advise yu _________ a diary in English every day.A. t keep B. keeping C. kept D. keep3．Nt knwing hw serius the pllutin is makes Mike ________ even mre paper.A．wasteB．wastesC．wasting
3、作主語：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，為了避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語。① 常用句型1：It’s + adj + + t d sthe.g： It’s hard t say which ne is better.② 常用句型2：It’s + adj + fr/f sb+ t d sth(1)描述不定式的特征或性質(zhì)時(shí)，常用fr，此類形容詞常有：easy/ difficult/ imprtant/ necessary等e.g： It’s necessary fr us t learn English well. (2)描述主語的特征或性質(zhì)時(shí)，常用f，此類形容詞常有：kind/ nice/ plite/ rude/ careful等It’s kind f yu t help me.
1. He wants t knw hw ___________ (speak ) English well.2. Tm's mther tld him ______________ (nt spend) t much time playing cmputer games.3. It is very easy fr me _________ (play) ping-png well because my father has been teaching me fr three years.4. Jan hpes ____________ (study) law(法律) at Harvard University.5．This sad mvie always makes me _______ (cry).6．Let me ____________ (tell) yu sme interesting things abut my trip.
一、根據(jù)所給的單詞，填入適當(dāng)?shù)男问健?br/>1．—Dad, culd yu please tell me ________ my car? —Park it here.A．where t park B．hw t park C．when t park2．The traffic signs warn peple ________ after drinking.A．t driveB．nt t driveC．drivingD．drived3．I’ve just watched a TV prgramme abut space. I hpe ________n the mn ne day.A．walk B．walkedC．walkingD．t walk4．—My parents always ask me ________ many things. I’m t tired. —Well, they just expect yu ________ a lt f skills in rder that yu can have a bright future.A．t learn; have B．learn; haveC．t learn; t haveD．learn; t have5．It’s very imprtant fr yung children __________ hw t d smething alne.A．learn B．learningC．t learn
6．________ heavy traffic, please get up and set ut early.A．T avidB．AvidC．AvidingD．Avided7．—Tm, d yu think reading is imprtant? —Yes, I d. S I decide ________ mre time reading frm nw n.A．spendB．t spendC．spending8．— Amy, dn’t frget ________ yur mask (口罩) when yu g ut. — Dn’t wrry, mm. I will.A．wear B．wearsC．t wearD．wearing9．—It is cnvenient ________ us ________ things nline. —S it is.A．fr; t buyB．f; t buyC．fr; buy10.—Was it necessary _______ Jhn ________ sme phts befre the ld man? —I think s. In this way, he culd prtect himself later. A.f; taking B. fr; taking C. f; t take D. fr; t take
11.We must _____ everyne _______ that keeping ur city clean is ur ; t knw B.make; understand C.make; t understand D.have; t knw12.Hell, everyne, attentin, please. Nw let me tell yu ______ t the Changsha t get B.what t get C.whm t get D.where t get13．It’s pssible fr us ________ friends with the peple arund the wrld n the Internet nw.A．makeB．makingC．t makingD．t make
非謂語動(dòng)詞:② 動(dòng)名詞
1、構(gòu)成：① 動(dòng)詞原形+-ing e.g：Vlunteering here is a dream cme true fr me.2、用法：動(dòng)名詞，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語。作主語：Running is his favurite sprt.作賓語：Tm enjys running.作表語：His favurite sprt is running.作定語：He plays a running game.
1、作主語：動(dòng)名詞作主語，表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放到句子的末尾。作主語的用法：① 動(dòng)名詞直接作主語：Reading makes a man perfect.【注意：動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)?！竣趇t作形式主語，動(dòng)名詞作真正主語：It is n gd reading in the sun.
2、作賓語：動(dòng)名詞作賓語，表示一般的習(xí)慣、抽象的行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作?？捎糜谀承┘拔飫?dòng)詞/ 某些短語動(dòng)詞/某些介詞之后。作賓語的用法：① 動(dòng)名詞用于某些及物動(dòng)詞之后（常用動(dòng)詞如下）：
e.g：He finished ding hmewrk. I am practicing singing the new sng.
作賓語的用法：② 動(dòng)名詞用于某些固定短語之后（常用固定短語如下）：
e.g：The bk is wrth reading. He is busy cleaning the rm.
作賓語的用法：③ 動(dòng)名詞用于某些介詞之后：常用介詞有：n, in, f, abut, at, with, withut, fr, frm,等。e.g： She is gd at runnning. Can yu prevent him frm smking?t 一般后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，但是如下短語需要跟動(dòng)名詞形式。
e.g： I am lking frward t visiting my cusins this summer hliday.. I prefer reading t running.
作賓語的用法：④ 動(dòng)名詞常跟動(dòng)詞及短語的記憶口訣：完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish, practice, be wrth, be busy） 繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keep n, be used t, give up）考慮建議不禁想（cnsider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜歡思念要介意（enjy, miss, mind）
1、—The art festival is cming. It’s a gd chance t shw urselves. — Yu are gd at _________. And yu will be the mst ppular star.A. singing B. sing C. t sing D. sang2、Mst f the students are lking frward t ________ themselves after the exams.A. wrk B. wrking C. relax D. relaxing
3、作表語：動(dòng)名詞作表語，用以說明主語的內(nèi)容e.g： Yur task is cleaning the windws.（說明工作內(nèi)容）4、作定語：動(dòng)名詞作定語，表示被修飾詞的某種用途，常放在修飾詞的前面e.g： China is a develping cuntry.
5、動(dòng)名詞作賓語和不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：① 以下動(dòng)詞，跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，跟不定式時(shí)表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生：
e.g： I remembered clsing the dr when I left. （我記得我走的時(shí)候關(guān)門了） Please remember t clse the dr when yu leave.（離開時(shí)請記得關(guān)門。）
5、動(dòng)名詞作賓語和不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：
② 以下動(dòng)詞，跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式，差別很大：
e.g：Please g n singing. （請繼續(xù)歌唱。） The band g n t play anther music.（樂隊(duì)接著演奏另一首歌曲。）
1．Maddy used t ________ t wrk, but nw she is used t ________ because the rad is crwded and she wants t exercise.A．drive; walkB．drive; walking C．driving; walk2．—D yu still remember ________ in that small huse ten years ag? —Yes. I really regret ________ my hmetwn.A．living; leaving B．t live; t leave C．living; leave3．Please stp ________! It ________ in the cinema.A．t smke; desn’t allw B．smking; allwsC．t smke; is nt allwed D．smking; is nt allwed4．—What a fantastic time we had in Happy Valley Theme Park! —Yes. I culdn’t stp ________ phts in the park.A．take B．tk C．takingD．t take
5．—Have yu finished ________ the picture? —Nt yet. I am busy these days.A．draw B．t drawC．drawingD．drew6．—What d yu remember abut Grade Seven, Jane? —I remember ________ the Old Peple’s Hme.A．visit B．t visitC．visitingD．visited7．There is n dubt ________ Harry Ptter is wrth ________.A．whether; reading B．if; t read C．that; reading D．that; being read8．I’m really lking frward ________ with yu n the prject.A．wrk B．t wrkC．wrkingD．t wrking9．—Wuld yu mind my ________ here? —Better nt. If yu d that, yu will be fined (罰款).A．smkeB．t smkeC．smkingD．smkeing
10．I asked Uncle Tm t stp ________ because he didn’t feel well.A．smkeB．smkedC．t smkeD．smking11．I’m sleepy. I prefer ________ at hme t ________ ut fr a walk.A．sleeping; ging B．t sleep; gC．slept; gD．sleep; ging12．I ften practice ________ the pian in the mrning, but my neighbrs dn’t mind ________ the sund.A．play; hearing B．playing; hearingC．playing; t hear13．— What wuld yu like t drink, tea r cffee? — Well, I used t drink cffee. But nw I ________ tea. I think tea is healthier.A．used tB．a(chǎn)m used t drinkC．a(chǎn)m used t drinkingD．used t drinking
1、構(gòu)成：分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，有主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行之意，所修飾的人或物是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。過去分詞：由“動(dòng)詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成，有被動(dòng)、完成之意，所修飾的人或物是動(dòng)作的承受者。e.g：I heard him reading English in the mrning.（正在讀英語） I hped t see the prblem slved peacefully.（問題被解決）
1．The pht ________ ten years ag reminds me f thse sweet memries.A．was takenB．taken C．has takenD．tk2．________ ________ the neighbrs, he became the pride f his family.A．Praising byB．Praised byC．T praiseD．Praise with3．The little by jumped up and dwn happily when he heard a bird ________ in the tree.A．singB．singingC．t singD．sings4．We shuld spend at least ne hur every day ________ sprts t keep healthy.A．t playB．playedC．playingD．play5．— Where was Mr Jhn at that time? — Em, we fund ________ the rbt. Smething was wrng with it.A．him fixingB．he fixedC．that he fixedD．he fixing
6．—China’s C919 is expected t be put int cmmercial peratin in early 2023. —Great. It is the first plane ________ in China.A．develpB．develpingC．develped7．—Yur hair is s lng, yu need t have yur hair ________. —But the barber’s shp is ________.A．t cut; clsingB．cutting; penC．cut; clsed8．—There is smething wrng with the TV. —Dn’t wrry. I’ll get it ________ this afternn.A．repairB．repairingC．repaired9．________ with gasline cars, electric cars are mre energy saving, making them cheaper t perate.A．CmparedB．T cmpareC．CmparingD．Cmpare

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