1、結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/ has +過(guò)去分詞（dne） 【注：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)用has，其余人稱(chēng)用have】
（以下示例以wrk為例子）
1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。e.g: I have finished my lunch. S, I am full nw.2、表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)至今。（可能剛結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)下去）e.g: I have lived here fr 8 years.
since和fr是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞。since“自從……”，fr“持續(xù)了……”。since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間，fr用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。
1、since的用法：① since加過(guò)去一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)（具體的年/月/日，或鐘點(diǎn)）since 1990、since yesterday、since 5 ’clcke.g： He has lived here since 1990. ② since+時(shí)間段+age.g： She has been a teacher since tw years ag.③ since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句e.g: I have wrked here since I mved here.④ 固定句式：It is/ It has been＋時(shí)間段＋since＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句e.g：It is/ It has been five years since I came here.
2、fr的用法：① fr+時(shí)間段:e.g： He has lived here fr 8 years.3、since和fr的句式轉(zhuǎn)換：since＋時(shí)間段＋ag＝fr＋時(shí)間段e.g: They haven't changed since twenty years ag. ＝They haven't changed fr twenty years.
4、用hw lng 對(duì)since和fr引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)：e.g:- Hw lng have yu lived here? -I have lived here fr 4 years./ I have lived here since 2020.【拓展知識(shí)】① hw lng：多久，提問(wèn)時(shí)間段，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)② hw far：多遠(yuǎn)，提問(wèn)距離 e.g: Hw far is it frm here t the airprt? ---10 kilmeters.③ hw sn：多久以后，提問(wèn)將來(lái)的時(shí)間，答語(yǔ)常用in＋一段時(shí)間 e.g: Hw sn can yu arrive? ---In 5 minutes. ④ hw ld：多大，提問(wèn)年齡
1．Jane likes dancing very much and has been in the dance club ________ tw years.A．a(chǎn)fterB．frC．sinceD．during2．________ the end f last year, we’ve learned the husing prices ________ further.A．By, wuld riseB．Since, will raiseC．Since, will be raisedD．By, wuld be risen3．Mr. Green has taught in that small twn, ________ he left Canada in 1988.A．whenB．a(chǎn)fterC．frD．since4．Our teachers have been with us fr nearly three years ________ we came t junir high schl. We shuld thank them fr what they have dne fr us.A．untilB．befreC．sinceD．when5、—________ have yu lived in Lanzhu? —Since my parents fund jbs here.A. Hw lng　　　B. Hw far C. Hw sn D. Hw ld
4、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作：wrk、live、sleep短暫性動(dòng)詞表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束:pen、begin、marry1、用法：① 若現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，含表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如含since/fr引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))，則謂語(yǔ)只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。e.g: Mr. Smith has learned Chinese fr tw years. ②【拓展】在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與since和fr引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。e.g: I haven’t received his letter fr a lng time.
2、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，需要進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化。① 短暫性動(dòng)詞→延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：buy 買(mǎi)→have 有　 brrw 借→keep 保留　put n 穿上→wear 穿著 cme/g/becme 來(lái)/去/變成→be 在/是e.g: I have brrwed this bk fr 5 days. I have kept this bk fr 5 days.② 短暫性動(dòng)詞→be+名詞：jin 參加→ be a member f 成為…的成員 g t schl去上學(xué)→be a student成為一名學(xué)生e.g： I have jined the army since last year. I have been a member f the army since last year.
③ 短暫性動(dòng)詞→be+形容詞：die 死亡→be dead 死了finish 結(jié)束→be ver 結(jié)束begin 開(kāi)始→be n 在上映/已開(kāi)始leave 離開(kāi)→be away 遠(yuǎn)離的fall asleep 入睡→be asleep 睡著的marry 結(jié)婚→be married 已婚e.g: The mvie has begun fr 5 minutes. The mvie has been n fr 5 minutes.④ 短暫性動(dòng)詞→be+介詞短語(yǔ)：g t schl去上學(xué)→be in schl在上學(xué) jin the army參軍→be in the army在軍隊(duì)中 e.g: They have cme t Beijing fr 5 years. They have been in Beijing fr 5 years.
1、have been t / have gne t / have been in的區(qū)別：
【注意】當(dāng)have been t后面接副詞，如here, there, hme時(shí)，t要省略：e.g：Yu said that Hangzhu is very beautiful. Have yu been there？
1、—Ben and Sue aren’t hme，are they? —N. They ________ t Lndn n business.A. have gne　　 　B. g C. have been D. will g2．The Great Wall is a place f interest. All f us ________ there befre.A．has beenB．have beenC．has gneD．have gne3．—The Whites have ________ Hng Kng.—Oh, really? I have never ________ there befre.A．been t, gneB．gne t, beenC．been t, gne tD．gne t, been t4．—Have yu ever ___________ t Cazhu Peny Garden?—Yes, I ___________ there last year.A．been; wentB．gne; wentC．been; gneD．gne; been5．—May I speak t Mr. Lee?—Srry, he ________ Harbin. He ________ the city fr tw days.A．has been t; has been in B．has gne t; has been tC．has gne t; has been in D．has been t; has been t
2、already、yet、just、never、ever用法區(qū)別：用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。
1. —Has yur sister finished reading 　　　??？ —Yes. She has 　　　　 finished it.A. yet； yet　B. yet； already　C. already； yet2．—Have yu finished yur reprt ________? —Yes, I have ________ finished it.A．yet; yetB．a(chǎn)lready; alreadyC．a(chǎn)lready; yetD．yet; already
6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1、兩者的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)或者持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。e.g： I have already bught this bk, s I dn’t need t g t the bkstre. I bught this bk yesterday.2、【拓展】?jī)烧咧g的互換：由延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，可與短暫性動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子相互轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g: I have kept the bk fr five days. ＝I brrwed the bk five days ag.
1．His father died ten years ag. His father ________ ________ ________ fr ten years.
has been dead
2．He came here a week ag. He ________ ________ here since a week ag.
has been
3．The meeting began ten minutes ag. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)The meeting ________ ________ ________ fr ten minutes.
has been n
（詳見(jiàn)教材P136-137）
1．—_______ have yu stayed in China? —Abut tw years.A．Hw ftenB．Hw manyC．Hw snD．Hw lng 2．—The pster says Irn Man 3 will be n this evening. Let’s g and see it. —But I ________ it. 3．—Have yu had lunch ______? —Yes, I have _______ had it. A．yet; yetB．a(chǎn)lready; alreadyC．yet; alreadyD．a(chǎn)lready; yet 4．I _______ t the West Lake fur times, but I will g there again this summer.A．have gneB．have beenC．wentD．had gne 5．-The drama series The Thunder (破冰行動(dòng)) hits screens these days. -Oh. What a pity! I _________ any f them yet,A．desn't watchB．didn't watchC．wn't watchD．haven't watched
6．—Huai’an is very beautiful. I _______ there last year. —Yes, I ________ there twice.A．went; have gneB．went; have beenC．have gne; wentD．have been; went7．—Where’s Mr. Yang? —He _____ Lngquan Muntain in Danzhai. He _____ there three times because he enjys the lcal scenery. A．has gne t; has beenB．has gne t; has gne tC．has been t; has gneD．has been t; has been t8．The Great Wall is a place f interest. All f us _______ there befre.A．has beenB．have beenC．has gneD．have gne9．—Have yu ever_______t Cazhu Peny Garden?????—Yes,I________ there last year.A．been;wentB．gne；wentC．been; gne10．Premier Zhu _______ fr many years, but he still lives in the hearts f Chinese peple.A．diedB．was died C．has been dead D．has been died
11．Jack ________ Rse in 2000. That is t say, they ________ fr nearly 23 years.A．gt married with; have gt marriedB．gt married t; have marriedC．married; have been marriedD．married t; have been married12．Last week I _______ a new bicycle. I ________ it fr eight days.A．have bught, bughtB．bught, have bughtC．bught, bughtD．bught, have had13．—Hw lng is it since he ______ this schl? —He ______ fr three years.A．has left; has leftB．left; has been awayC．leaves; has leftD．left; has left14．—Hw lng can we ______ these bks? —Fr tw weeks.A．brrwB．lendC．keepD．Return15．The Smith family have ________ the flat in the city ________ ten years ag.A．bught, sinceB．bught, frC．had, sinceD．had, fr
二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1．________ Jack ________ (read) Rbinsn Cruse befre?2．He has the mst beautiful blue eyes I have ever________.（see）3．The writer is s ppular that he ____ ___ (sell) mre than 200,000 bks s far.4．Uncle Chen ____ ____（repair）mre than five bicycles since last Friday.5．Sandy brrwed the nvel frm the library last week and ____ ___ (keep) it fr 5 days.6．The ld man _________ last year. He ______ ______fr a year. (die)
Has read
has repaired
has been dead

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