學(xué)校:___________姓名:___________班級(jí):___________考號(hào):___________
一、閱讀理解
(23-24九年級(jí)下·江蘇南京·階段練習(xí))What is the mst stressful part f schl? It is prbably the exams. Exams can put us under a lt f pressure. But sme students d better under pressure, while thers d nt. S, why d sme students perfrm better under stress?
It all cmes dwn t dpamine (多巴胺). Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that sends signals t the brain. It has many imprtant rles—it affects ur memry, attentin span and hw we learn. Our brains wrk best when there is a balance f dpamine—nt t much r t little.
Our brains cntrl dpamine in tw ways. It either takes ut dpamine quickly r gradually (逐漸地). Exam success can be linked t hw fast dpamine ges back t an even balance, accrding t new research frm the University f Missuri.
What happens when we take an exam? If yu becme stressed, yur brain will start t verlad n dpamine. It is like a cup verflwing with water. The quicker yu are able t g back t an even balance f dpamine, the quicker yu can cncentrate, helping yu perfrm better n a test.
Scientists fund that during a test, peple wh slwly gt back t an even balance f dpamine scred eight percent lwer. That’s the difference between a gd grade and a bad grade.
But dn’t fear—there is gd news fr every student. The study als fund that the mre practice yu get, the less stressed yu’ll be.
S, it turns ut that practice really des make perfect.
1.Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that ________.
A.we need in rder t think
B.keeps ur brains wrking
C.sends signals t the brain
D.puts us under a lt f pressure
2.Which areas des dpamine play a rle in?
① remembering things
② getting enugh rest
③ paying attentin t teachers
④ affecting the way we learn
A.①②③B.①③④C.②③④D.①②④
3.What des the underlined wrd “verlad” mean?
A.raise the pressure f smething
B.stp smething frm happening
C.causing prblems fr smene
D.have t many/much f smething
4.Why d sme students d better under stress?
A.Because they prduce less dpamine than thers.
B.Because they can balance their dpamine mre slwly.
C.Because they can send a lt f dpamine t their brains.
D.Because they can achieve a better balance f dpamine quickly.
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D
【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了高壓狀態(tài)下,有些學(xué)生能學(xué)得更好,而有些學(xué)生卻不能,這是由于大腦中多巴胺的平衡能力起著重要的作用。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that sends signals t the brain.”可知,多巴胺是人體內(nèi)的一種化學(xué)物質(zhì),在大腦中發(fā)出信號(hào),故選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It has many imprtant rles—it affects ur memry, attentin span and hw we learn.”可知,它有許多重要的作用:影響記憶、注意力和我們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí),故選B。
3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“It is like a cup verflwing with water.”可知,裝滿水的杯子這個(gè)比喻指前面提到的內(nèi)容,故上文是如果你感到壓力,你的大腦就會(huì)開(kāi)始對(duì)多巴胺產(chǎn)生超負(fù)荷的反應(yīng)。因此,verlad的意思是“超載”,故選D。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The quicker yu are able t g back t an even balance f dpamine, the quicker yu can cncentrate, helping yu perfrm better n a test.”可知,越快回到平衡的多巴胺,集中注意力越快,這可以幫你考試表現(xiàn)得更好,故選D。
二、閱讀理解
(23-24九年級(jí)下·江蘇無(wú)錫·開(kāi)學(xué)考試)Mst f the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have cme frm animals. The mre we cme int cntact with wild animals, the mre we risk a s-called disease “spillver” frm animals t humans.
“As peple mve and wildlife mve in respnse t a changing envirnment, humans and wildlife and animals will cme in cntact mre regularly,” said Jeanne Fair frm the Ls Alams Natinal Labratry in New Mexic. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent (頻繁的). “Everything is srt f shifting and will shift int the future as the envirnment changes thrugh climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatlgists and epidemilgists n Fair’s team at Las Alame, are beginning t mdel hw changes t the climate will impact the spread f infectius diseases. It’s early days fr this kind f research, but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak. Scientists say drught and defrestatin have cmbined t frce bats ut f rainfrests and int rchards (果園) in Malaysia t find fd. Thse bats, a cmmn disease reservir, then passed the Nipah virus thrugh pigs t humans fr the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re ging by the past data t really predict what’s ging t happen in the future,” Fair said. “And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt. And s, that’s just increasing as we g frward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head f the climate and health prgram at Clumbia University’s public health schl, argues we dn’t yet knw whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectius disease rates glbally. Fr example, msquites carry disease that affects (影響) millins f peple acrss the wrld every year. As their habitats expand in sme parts f the wrld, they might cntract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we knw fr certain abut climate change is that it will make it harder t predict where disease utbreaks will pp up.
5.Hw des climate change affect the spread f disease accrding t Fair?
A.By breaking animals’ habits.B.By increasing animals’ numbers.
C.By imprving animals’ breeding (繁殖).D.By changing animals’ living envirnment.
6.What is the example f bats fr in paragraph 3?
A.Explaining the influence f Nipah virus.
B.Prving the harm f bats t human beings.
C.Shwing the effects f climate change n disease.
D.Presenting scientists’ early study abut the cause f disease.
7.What can we infer (推斷) frm Fair’s wrds in paragraph 4?
A.Humans shuld give up studying animals.
B.Frequent cntact with animals can cause disease utbreaks.
C.Disease ht spts will disappear if animals die ut.
D.Past data can slve the prblems in the future.
8.What culd be the best title fr the text?
A.Climate Change and Disease SpillverB.Animals’ Interactin with Humans
C.Scientists’ Predictin fr Disease OutbreaksD.Early Studies abut Extreme Weather
【答案】5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A
【分析】本文主要介紹了氣候變化對(duì)疾病傳播的影響。
5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent (頻繁的).”可知,費(fèi)爾認(rèn)為,通過(guò)改變動(dòng)物棲息地,也即是改變動(dòng)物的生存環(huán)境,氣候變化也將使疾病蔓延的機(jī)會(huì)更加頻繁。故選D。
6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Scientists ... are beginning t mdel hw changes t the climate will impact the spread f infectius diseases. It’s early days fr this kind f research, but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak.”可知,科學(xué)家們正在開(kāi)始模擬氣候變化將如何影響傳染病的傳播。這類研究還處于早期階段,但之前的研究表明,極端天氣已經(jīng)在至少一次疫情爆發(fā)中發(fā)揮了作用。所以文中列舉蝙蝠的例子是為了說(shuō)明氣候變化對(duì)疾病的影響。故選C。
7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt. And s, that’s just increasing as we g frward.”可知,任何時(shí)候,當(dāng)野生動(dòng)物和人類的接觸增多時(shí),某種程度上就是一個(gè)新出現(xiàn)的疾病高發(fā)區(qū)。由此可推知,與野生動(dòng)物頻繁的接觸會(huì)引起疾病爆發(fā)。故選B。
8.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了氣候變化對(duì)疾病傳播的影響,因此A選項(xiàng)“氣候變化與疾病蔓延”可作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。
三、閱讀理解
(23-24九年級(jí)上·江蘇宿遷·期末)Big data (大數(shù)據(jù)) is a lt f sets (組) f infrmatin that are put tgether, s they can be used by a cmputer prgram. The prgram lks fr different kinds f answers in the data. Big data can have different kinds f infrmatin frm many surces (來(lái)源), such as infrmatin that cmes frm schls, scial media sites, cmpanies and gvernments. One set f data can have peple’s names and addresses. Anther set can have what they like, where they g t schl, and hw much time they spend n the cmputer.
Big data can be used in many ways. The gvernment uses it t understand hw many peple travel n buses r trains. This infrmatin is then used t make bus r train systems better. Sme schls use big data t understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students mre help r supprt s they can succeed in schl. Cmpanies use big data, t. It helps them understand wh buys their prducts. Fr example, ne cmpany uses weather data t see when peple eat the mst ice cream.
Big data can be used fr gd reasns. Sme hspitals use big data t predict (預(yù)測(cè)) if a baby wh is brn t early will get sick. The hspital can then take extra actin t take care f that baby, s the baby des nt get sick. Big data can als be used fr bad reasns. It can be used t predict which kinds f peple are likely t break the law r hurt thers, even if they have nt dne anything wrng.
9.What kind f infrmatin may be included in big data frm Paragraph 1?
A.Peple’s addresses.B.Peple’s plans.C.Peple’s minds.D.Peple’s persnalities.
10.Hw des the writer shw his ideas in Paragraph 2?
A.By shwing numbers.B.By giving examples.
C.By telling stries.D.By drawing mindmaps.
11.What des the underlined wrd “they” refer t?
A.Students at schl.B.Students wh succeed in schl.
C.Sme certain tp students.D.Students wh need mre help than thers.
12.What is the best title fr the passage?
A.Big data, gd r bad?B.Big data — Best helper
C.Facts abut big dataD.Many surces f big data
【答案】9.A 10.B 11.D 12.C
【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述大數(shù)據(jù)可以在許多方面發(fā)揮重要作用,但也存在一些潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和濫用問(wèn)題。
9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“One set f data can have peple’s names and addresses.”可知,人們的住址可能會(huì)被納入大數(shù)據(jù)。故選A。
10.推理判斷題。通讀第二段可知,作者先用“Big data can be used in many ways.”總起整段,然后用“The gvernment”、“Sme schls”、“Cmpanies”等舉例說(shuō)明大數(shù)據(jù)的多種使用方式。故選B。
11.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Sme schls use big data t understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students mre help r supprt s they can succeed in schl.”可知,一些學(xué)校使用大數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)了解哪些孩子在課堂上可能需要額外的幫助,然后老師可以給這些學(xué)生幫助或支持,這樣這些學(xué)生就可以在學(xué)校取得成功?!皌hey”指代“在課堂上可能需要額外的幫助的學(xué)生”。故選D。
12.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述大數(shù)據(jù)的概念,用途以及它潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),選項(xiàng)C“關(guān)于大數(shù)據(jù)的事實(shí)”最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選C。
四、閱讀理解
(22-23九年級(jí)下·江蘇鹽城·期中)A spn f pickles (榨菜) can smetimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type f pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. It refers t the vides that peple watch while eating that make their fd seem tastier.
The tpic received mre than 16 millin clicks n Sina Weib and abut 100, 000 peple jined in the discussin. Instead f having meals with friends and family members, many yung peple in China are kept cmpany by TV shws r shrt vides. Many believe that their fd is tastier with the “digital pickles”.
Can this habit affect yur diet? Accrding t a recent research, yu may eat mre! The internatinal research team asked 62 vlunteers t fllw different eating habits during fur days, including eating while lking at the mbile phne, reading magazines and withut distractin (干擾). The results shwed that vlunteers wh ate with a distractin tk in much mre calrie (卡路里).
T find ut the reasn, the team als invited tw grups f peple: ne grup ate while listening t an audi clip (音頻剪輯) abut anther persn eating, and the ther listened t a clip that made them think abut the fd they were eating. The results shwed that the secnd grup ate less since they were mre fcused n their meals. When eating with the “digital pickles”, ur attentin can be distracted. We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.
This wrks nt nly fr audis and vides, but ther difficult tasks as well. Anther research prject led by the University f Sussex, UK, pinted ut that activities which need lts f attentin, trick many peple int vereating. The team invited 120 peple t d different tasks while prviding them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if yu’re eating r drinking while yur attentin is distracted by a very difficult task, yu’re less likely t be able t tell hw full yu feel,” ne f the authrs Martin Yemans explained.
13.What d “digital pickles” refer t (指的是) accrding t the passage?
A.A new type f tasty vegetables.B.Vides peple watch while eating.
C.Electrnic prducts ppular nline.D.Digital games suitable fr families.
14.Why d peple eat mre with “digital pickles” accrding t the text?
A.They are mre fcused n their meals.B.They are distracted by “digital pickles”.
C.The fd tastes better with “digital pickles”.D.The “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier.
15.Which has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd “uncnsciusly” in Paragraph 4?
A.Unwillingly.B.Unusually.C.Unknwingly.D.Uncertainly.
16.Why des the authr mentin a different study in the last paragraph?
A.T explain hw t decide yu are full.B.T describe the influence f “digital pickles”.
C.T shw hw t avid being distracted.D.T give anther case that causes vereating.
【答案】13.B 14.B 15.C 16.D
【分析】本文主要介紹了“電子榨菜”這一現(xiàn)象,并分析了其導(dǎo)致人們吃得過(guò)量的原因。
13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Recently, a new type f pickle is being discussed: ‘digital pickles’. It refers t the vides that peple watch while eating that make their fd seem tastier.”可知,“電子榨菜”指人們吃東西時(shí)看的視頻。故選B。
14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“When eating with the ‘digital pickles’, ur attentin can be distracted. We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.”可知,“電子榨菜”會(huì)使人們吃得更多是因?yàn)樗麄儽弧半娮诱ゲ恕狈稚⒘俗⒁饬?。故選B。
15.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.”可知,我們很少能注意到自己吃得太多,這導(dǎo)致我們?cè)诓恢挥X(jué)中吃得比預(yù)期的多,由此猜測(cè),unknwingly“不知不覺(jué)地”與uncnsciusly意思最接近,故選C。
16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Anther research prject led by the University f Sussex, UK, pinted ut that activities which need lts f attentin, trick many peple int vereating.”可知,作者在最后一段提到了一項(xiàng)不同的研究是為了給出另一個(gè)導(dǎo)致吃得過(guò)量的案例。故選D。
五、閱讀理解
(23-24九年級(jí)上·江蘇無(wú)錫·期末)
Imagine an island where there are a greater number f cats than there are peple. Des it sund like smething frm a cartn r a manga (日本漫畫(huà)) stry? Welcme t Tashirjima, a small island in the Pacific Ocean ff the cast f Japan. It’s a great place t be a cat. Nt nly des the cat ppulatin number in the thusands, much larger than the island’s human ppulatin f abut 100, but these cats are taken care f by bth lcal peple and turists.
The Japanese lve cats. There are cat shrines (神廟) all ver Japan. and many f the cuntry’s flk tales feature cats as well. ___▲____?
At ne time, the island’s main industry was fishing. The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets. They kept cats arund t kill mice, which were the predatrs f the silkwrms. In rder t get fd. the cats wuld als visit the htels where the fishermen frm ther islands wuld be staying. The fishermen became fnd f the cats and started watching them all the time, thinking that the cats’ actins culd tell them the weather r the mvements f the fish in the cean.
A stry is tld that ne day, a fisherman was cllecting rcks t hld dwn his fishing net when ne f the rcks drpped frm his hands and accidentally killed a cat. The fisherman felt s bad abut it that he buried (埋葬) the cat in the center f the island and built a shrine t cats there. The shrine is called Nek-jinja, and by leaving fferings fr the cat gd”, fishermen hpe fr a gd catch and fr their safety.
Wrd sn spread abut Cat Island, and turists came tgether t see and play with the thusands f cats that wuld walk dwn the island’s streets r sit n the drsteps f peple’s hmes. Japanese manga artist Shtar Ishinmri built several manga-related buildings n the island, mst f which lked like cats. These develped int a turist attractin, with guests staying in the cat-shaped huses. Since then, many mvies, televisin series and dcumentaries have been made abut Tashirjima, which has helped bring in even mre visitrs.
S the next time yu see a cat lver lking fr the “purrfect” vacatin spt, recmmend t them a trip t Tashirjima, Japan’s Cat Island.
17.What infrmatin can we get frm this passage?
A.The exact number f cats n Cat Island.B.The reasn why Nek-jinjia gt its name.
C.The methd f building cat-shaped huses.D.The material f fishing nets in earlier times.
18.Which f the fllwing sentences is the mst suitable fr ___▲____?
A.But where can we see the mst cats in Japan?
B.But hw did Tashirjima get t be Cat Island?
C.S why d Japanese peple lve cats s much?
D.S wh built the first cat shrine n Tashirjima?
19.What des the underlined wrd “predatrs” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.enemiesB.friendsC.prducersD.prtectrs
20.What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A.T intrduce Cat Island in Japan.B.T tell us the histry f Cat Island.
C.T shw us the life f cats in Japan.D.T encurage peple t prtect cats.
【答案】17.D 18.B 19.A 20.A
【分析】本文主要介紹了日本的“貓島”。
17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“At ne time, the island’s main industry was fishing. The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets.”可知,該島的主要產(chǎn)業(yè)是漁業(yè)。漁網(wǎng)是用絲綢做的,漁民們養(yǎng)蠶來(lái)為這些漁網(wǎng)生產(chǎn)絲綢。此處介紹了早期漁網(wǎng)的材料是絲綢,D選項(xiàng)表述正確。故選D。
18.推理判斷題。分析第二段和第三段內(nèi)容可知,空處應(yīng)是起承上啟下的作用;第二段主要講述了日本人對(duì)貓的喜歡,第三段主要講述了田代島為什么對(duì)貓情有獨(dú)鐘,因而空處應(yīng)是B選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
19.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets. They kept cats arund t kill mice, which were the predatrs f the silkwrms.”可知,此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)老鼠是蠶的“天敵”,因而“predatrs”應(yīng)和A選項(xiàng)enemies“敵人”意義相近。故選A。
20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了日本的貓島,包括貓島的歷史以及它的現(xiàn)狀, A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 故選A。
六、閱讀理解
(2024·陜西西安·三模)Recently, a research n hw a new virtual reality VR (虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)) experience educated children abut the fire disasters (災(zāi)害) was dne. The new VR experience was develped by the University f Suth Australia, hping t educate children t learn hw t be safe in a fire. It presents a situatin fr children aged 10-12. In the situatin, they are tasked t lk after a friend’s dg just befre a fire event begins. They take part in a set f prblem-slving activities t help save and prtect themselves and the dg.
The findings shwed that ver 80% f children culd calmly tell the advantages and disadvantages f different chices. They als learned t make wise decisins t prtect themselves frm a fire. Children thught it especially imprtant and meaningful, because 91% f them didn’t have knwledge f fires at the beginning, and 67% had said that they were t yung t make safety decisins in a fire.
The researchers believed such VR experiences made it pssible t engage, educate and empwer the yung. “As children brn in mdern times, they are interested in such technlgy and they can experience events in a real situatin yet within the safe envirnment,” said Delene Weber, ne f the researchers. “Well-designed VR can prvide children with surprisingly valuable learning tls.”
Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren’t as physically strng, they’re ften mst at risk. Hwever, the rle that children play in the fire safety at their hmes shuld nt be underestimated (低估). “Children dn’t need t be always waiting fr help in disasters. With these VR experiences, we can make children understand the risks and realize they can help,” said Weber.
21.What’s the purpse f the new VR experience?
A.T describe children’s reactins t fire disasters.
B.T teach children t save themselves in a fire.
C.T intrduce ways f aviding a fire t children.
D.T increase children’s interest in VR experiences.
22.Frm the findings, what’s the children’s attitude (態(tài)度) twards the new VR experience?
A.Dubtful.B.Wrried.
C.Uncertain.D.Supprtive.
23.Which f the fllwing in the dictinary best explains the underlined wrd “engage” in Para.3?
A.①B.②C.③D.④
24.Frm Para.3,we mainly get t knw the ________ f the new VR experience.
A.develpmentB.a(chǎn)dvantages
C.qualityD.intrductin
【答案】21.B 22.D 23.A 24.B
【分析】本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究,探討了如何通過(guò)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)教育兒童如何在火災(zāi)中保護(hù)自己。
21.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段“ children abut the fire disasters (災(zāi)害) was dne.” 可知,新的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)的目的是讓孩子們?cè)诨馂?zāi)中保證安全。故選B。
22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Children thught it especially imprtant and meaningful,” 可知,孩子們認(rèn)為這特別重要和有意義,說(shuō)明孩子們對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)是支持的。故選D。
23.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“The researchers believed such VR experiences made it pssible t engage, educate and empwer the yung.”可知,研究人員相信這樣的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)可以使吸引、教育和賦能年輕人??芍猠ngage表示“吸引”,A 選項(xiàng)“吸引某人的注意,保持他們感興趣”符合句意。故選A。
24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“they can experience events in a real situatin yet within the safe envirnment”以及“Well-designed VR can prvide children with surprisingly valuable learning tls.”可知,本段介紹了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B。
七、閱讀理解
(2024·山東泰安·一模)
Imagine a perfect day: the weather is gd and everything seems fine. When, suddenly, yur cell phne lses its signal, the televisin has n prgrams, and yu can’t get nline with yur cmputer.
What has happened? These are just the types f prblems a slar (太陽(yáng)) strm might cause. It may nt sund as serius as ther natural disasters, such as earthquakes. But tday, a slar strm ften puts ur sciety in danger.
A slar strm is caused by slar flares: large sudden burning near the sun. It can give ff lts f energy. The strng energy can stp the satellite systems (系統(tǒng)) that perate ur cmputers, telecm netwrks and s n. These strms can even cause the pwer t g ut fr weeks r mnths.
In the past few mnths, scientists have recrded sme f the strngest sun flares in years. The mst recent ne happened arund Valentine’s Day. It caused radi and satellite signals t g dwn in sme nrthern cities in China.
“Slar flare activity is ging t be much wrse than what we’ve seen in the past. We’re nt talking abut a few cities lsing pwer. It culd be half the cuntry, maybe mre.” Slar StrmWarning. cm, a US website abut space weather, warned.
Experts say that little can be dne t predict such a strm. Gvernments arund the wrld are trying t wrk tgether befre the next strm, althugh they are nt sure when that may happen.
25.Accrding t the article, hw lng can a slar strm cause pwer cuts?
A.Fr years.B.Fr weeks r mnths.C.Fr a day.D.Fr several hurs.
26.Accrding t the passage, slar flares are ________.
A.telecmputer netwrksB.slar strms
C.large explsins near the sunD.the energy f the sun
27.Frm the passage, the right rder f the fllwing is ________.
a. Slar flares give ff lts f energy.
b. Peple can’t get nline with their cmputers.
c. Slar strms happen.
d. Satellite systems are stpped.
A.a(chǎn)-b-c-dB.c-b-a-dC.c-a-b-dD.a(chǎn)-c-d-b
28.This article mainly tells us ________.
A.sme facts abut a slar strm
B.hw t predict a slar strm
C.the weather is gd and everything seems fine n a perfect day
D.smething abut why we can’t get nline with ur cmputers
【答案】25.B 26.C 27.D 28.A
【分析】本文主要介紹了關(guān)于太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴的一些事實(shí)。
25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“These strms can even cause the pwer t g ut fr weeks r mnths.”可知,太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴會(huì)造成幾周或幾個(gè)月的停電。故選B。
26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A slar strm is caused by slar flares: large sudden burning near the sun. It can give ff lts f energy.”可知,太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴是由太陽(yáng)耀斑引起的:太陽(yáng)附近突然發(fā)生的大規(guī)模燃燒。它能釋放出大量的能量,因此太陽(yáng)耀斑是太陽(yáng)附近的大爆炸。故選C。
27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知,太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴是由太陽(yáng)耀斑引起的:太陽(yáng)附近突然發(fā)生的大規(guī)模燃燒。它能釋放出大量的能量。強(qiáng)大的能量可以阻止運(yùn)行我們計(jì)算機(jī)、電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)等的衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)。這些風(fēng)暴甚至?xí)?dǎo)致斷電幾周或幾月。因此正確的順序應(yīng)是先發(fā)生太陽(yáng)耀斑,太陽(yáng)耀斑引起太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴,之后產(chǎn)生的能量會(huì)阻止衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng),進(jìn)而造成不能上網(wǎng),即a-c-d-b。故選D。
28.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“But tday, a slar strm ften puts ur sciety in danger.”及全文可知,本文主要講述了太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴的一些事情。故選A。
八、閱讀理解
(2024·遼寧鞍山·二模)Perhaps mney can smetimes buy happiness but there are als many ther ways t make yu happy. Yu can increase the happiness in yur life within minutes by taking mre ntice f things that make yu happy. Here are sme f them.
◆Life
It’s easy t frget abut the fact—that yu are alive is itself a miracle (奇跡). As the ld saying ges “Every day abve grund is a gd day”.
◆Friendship
Almst everyne has friends, althugh it’s easy t lse news abut them in the rush f events. Tday, take a few minutes t recnnect (重新聯(lián)系) with sme f them.
◆Family
If yu’ve gt a gd relatinship with yur family, enjy it! Yu’re experiencing ne f the deepest surces (來(lái)源) f happiness n the planet.
◆Self-reliance
Feeling safety that yu can depend n yurself t cmplete what yu set ut t cmplete creates quiet but strng happiness.
◆Laughter
It is impssible t laugh and be sad at the same time. Regular dses f laughter are mre than medicine. It’s the flavr f life.
◆Gratitude
Be thankful fr the wnderful things already in yur life, instead f fcusing n what yu dn’t have r what’s ut f reach.
29.Hw d yu increase the happiness in yur life accrding t the passage?
A.By chatting with strangers n the Internet.
B.By depending n parents all the time.
C.By spending a lt f time shpping.
D.By recnnecting friends.
30.Hw d yu understand the ld saying “Every day abve grund is a gd day”?
A.The day when yu are alive is a wnderful day.
B.The day when yu can stand is a wnderful day.
C.The day when yu are traveling is a wnderful day.
D.The day when yu are smiling is a wnderful day.
31.Why is yur family very imprtant in yur life?
A.Because yur parents lve yu very much.
B.Because yu can always depend n yur family.
C.Because it’s ne f the deepest surces f happiness.
D.Because yu can’t always stay with yur family.
32.Which is the best title fr the passage?
A.Mney Can Buy HappinessB.The Ways t Make Yurself Happy
C.Try t Make Yurself HappyD.Lve Yurself; Lve Life
【答案】29.D 30.A 31.C 32.B
【分析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了使自己高興起來(lái)的六種方式。
29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文“Friendship: Almst everyne has friends, althugh it’s easy t lse news abut them in the rush f events. Tday, take a few minutes t recnnect with sme f them.”可知,通過(guò)聯(lián)系朋友來(lái)增加你生活中的幸福。故選D。
30.句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)短文“Life: It’s easy t frget abut the fact-that yu are alive is itself a miracle. As the ld saying ges ‘Every day abve grund is a gd day’.”可推知,人生在世的每一天都是一個(gè)好日子,這就是對(duì)古老諺語(yǔ)“Every day abve grund is a gd day”的正確理解。故選A。
31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文“Family: Yu’re experiencing ne f the deepest surces f happiness n the planet.”可知,家庭是最深切的幸福源泉之一;因此家庭在你的生活中是很重要的。故選C。
32.最佳標(biāo)題題。綜合全文可知,本文主要從生活、友誼、家庭、自立、笑聲和感恩這六個(gè)方面介紹了使你自己高興起來(lái)的方式;選項(xiàng)B“讓自己快樂(lè)的方式?!边m合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。
九、閱讀理解
(2024·安徽合肥·一模)Recently, a research team frm Nanjing Agricultural University has invented Xunzi, a large language mdel (LLM) and XunziChat alng with Gulian, a leading ancient Chinese text publisher.
When asked why he and his partners made the large language mdel, Wang Dngb, the leader f the research team, explained that “traditinal Chinese characters, the tp-t-dwn design, the absence f punctuatin (標(biāo)點(diǎn)) are all difficulties that readers have t get ver when they read traditinal texts”.
T create Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his partners first needed t d a lt f research. Since 2013, his team has wrked hard t digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu. “The hard wrk includes a large crpus (語(yǔ)料庫(kù)) f tw billin Chinese characters, which is necessary fr the large language mdel,” said Wang.
But their effrts seem t have paid ff. Nw Xunzi the LLM can mark, translate, punctuate, and understand parts f ancient Chinese texts. It can even search fr specific infrmatin, such as names, events, and places frm a text.
Wang and his team have shared the LLM n GitHub and ther websites, allwing users t dwnlad and use it fr free. “We hpe this will encurage mre peple t enjy the beauty f traditinal Chinese culture,” Wang explained.
33.Which is difficult t read accrding t Wang Dngb?
A. B.C. D.
34.Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Xunzi the LLM?
A.A large crpus can be built n it.
B.The team has put great effrts int it.
C.We can get infrmatin n it as we like.
D.It was develped by Gulian and GitHub.
35.What des “this” refer t?
A.Reading mdern texts.B.Searching fr infrmatin.
C.Sharing the LLM fr free.D.Publishing texts n websites.
36.What’s the best title?
A.Uncver ancient textsB.Develp reading ability
C.Enjy Chinese cultureD.Invent Chinese characters
【答案】33.A 34.B 35.C 36.A
【分析】本文主要介紹了南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的“荀子”古籍大語(yǔ)言模型的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“traditinal Chinese characters, the tp-t-dwn design, the absence f punctuatin are all difficulties that readers have t get ver when they read traditinal texts”可知,繁體字,自上而下的設(shè)計(jì),沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),這些都是讀者閱讀繁體文本時(shí)必須克服的困難。所以王東波認(rèn)為繁體文本閱讀有困難,A選項(xiàng)圖示符合。故選A。
34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,為了創(chuàng)建LLM,王東波和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)做了大量的研究工作,包括需要制作20億漢字的語(yǔ)料庫(kù),所以該團(tuán)隊(duì)為此付出了巨大的努力。故選B。
35.代詞指代題。根據(jù)“allwing users t dwnlad and use it fr free”和“We hpe this will encurage mre peple t enjy the beauty f traditinal Chinese culture”可知,王東波和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)在很多網(wǎng)站上分享了LLM,允許用戶免費(fèi)下載和使用,目的是鼓勵(lì)更多的人可以享受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化之美。所以此處this指代前文提到的免費(fèi)共享LLM。故選C。
36.最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Nw Xunzi the LLM can mark, translate, punctuate, and understand parts f ancient Chinese texts. It can even search fr specific infrmatin, such as names, events, and places frm a text.”及全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了“荀子”大語(yǔ)言模型,該模型可以標(biāo)記、翻譯和理解中國(guó)古代文本,甚至可以從文本中搜索各類信息,所以對(duì)古代文本的研究有很重要的意義。選項(xiàng)A“揭秘古代文本”符合文章內(nèi)容。故選A。
十、閱讀理解
(2024·陜西西安·一模)It’s cmmn knwledge that spiders use their webs (網(wǎng)) t catch insects. Hwever, sme spiders have develped ther uses fr their webs. One such spider is the Eurpean water spider, which uses its web t breathe underwater.
The Eurpean water spider spends mst f its life underwater. It gives birth t a baby, cares fr its yung, and feeds n insects underwater. Since it needs t breathe, the spider carefully keeps the air inside its web. This is what allws it t stay underwater fr a lng time.
The web is like a balln with a hle in the bttm (底部). This “balln” keeps the air inside and allws the spider t get in and ut thrugh the bttm t catch nearby insects. In fact, the water spider’s web wrks much the same as a diving bell, an early kind f submarine (潛水艇). Diving bells were large bells supplied with air frm a hse (軟管) running t the water’s surface. The air kept the water frm filling up the bell, and peple culd g in and ut thrugh the pen bttm. Because f this quality, water spiders are smetimes knwn as “diving bell spiders”.
Althugh the web allws the water spider t stay underwater fr a lng time, sme trips t the surface are necessary. When the web needs mre fresh air, the spider pushes the web and lets the ld air g ut. Then, it swims t the surface t cllect small fresh air bubbles (氣泡) and keeps them in the hairs n its stmach and legs. Finally, it ges back dwn t fill the web again.
37.The writer starts the passage by ________.
A.giving an exampleB.telling a stry
C.listing sme numbersD.a(chǎn)sking sme questins
38.The underlined wrd “supplied with” means “________” in Paragraph 3.
A.a(chǎn)fraid fB.tired fC.empty fD.full f
39.In which paragraph can yu knw what water spiders d fr mre fresh air?
A.Paragraph 3.B.Paragraph 2.C.Paragraph 4.D.Paragraph 1.
40.What is the best title f the passage?
A.Different kinds f spiders.B.A special spider web.
C.An early kind f submarine.D.The wnderful underwater wrld.
【答案】37.A 38.D 39.C 40.B
【分析】本文主要介紹了歐洲水蜘蛛是如何利用“網(wǎng)”在水下呼吸的。
37.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“One such spider is the Eurpean water spider, which uses its web t breathe underwater.”可知,作者用舉例子的方式展開(kāi)全文。故選A。
38.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Diving bells were large bells supplied with air frm a hse (軟管) running t the water’s surface.”可知,此處表示充滿空氣,“full f”與“supplied with”意思相近。故選D。
39.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“When the web needs mre fresh air, the spider pushes the web and lets the ld air g ut. Then, it swims t the surface t cllect small fresh...”可知,第四段講述了水蜘蛛是如何獲取新鮮空氣的。故選C。
40.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講了水蜘蛛特殊的蜘蛛網(wǎng),以及它是如何用這張網(wǎng)進(jìn)行呼吸的。B項(xiàng)“一張?zhí)厥獾闹┲刖W(wǎng)”符合題意。故選B。
十一、閱讀理解
(23-24九年級(jí)下·江蘇泰州·開(kāi)學(xué)考試)①A smile shws that a persn is happy. Fr example, a persn may smile when he is pleased with a grade n a test. Or a persn might smile if a friend tld a funny jke. Peple smile fr many different reasns. But smiles are mre than just a way fr peple t shw that they are happy. There are ther gd reasns t smile ften.
②First, it is easier t smile than t shw unhappiness. In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles (肌肉) t smile. But it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness. S give the muscles in yur face a rest and smile!
③Secnd, smiles are nice. Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes. Hwever, there is a famus saying: _________. That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy. Almst n ne wants t be arund smene wh is unhappy all the time.
④Third, smiles are helpful. Bth smiling and laughing can quickly spread frm ne persn t anther. If ne persn smiles, peple arund him want t smile, t. Similarly, when a persn laughs, peple tend (傾向) t laugh with him. If a persn is sad, the best thing t d is t share a smile r laugh. It is the easiest and cheapest way t cheer smene up. Usually nbdy wuld like t turn dwn the invitatin which is ffered by a persn with a smile.
⑤Finally, smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy. Even if yu are mad r sad. try smiling. Yu’ll find that it will be hard t stay mad r sad fr very lng
41.Which f the fllwing sentences can be put in the _______ in Paragraph ③?
A.Life withut smiles is like a spring withut flwers.
B.If yu smile at life, life will smile at yu.
C.Smile is the mst beautiful language in the wrld.
D.A smile is the best thing a persn can wear.
42.What d the underlined wrds “turn dwn” mean mst pssibly?
A.Accept.B.Receive.C.Refuse.D.Share.
43.What can we learn frm the text?
A.Smiling has nthing t d with health.
B.Smiling helps peple change their unhappy feelings.
C.The best way t cmfrt (安慰) smene is t share yur wn stry.
D.Peple wh wear smiles lk mre plite than thse wh dn't.
44.Hw is the text rganized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, . . . )
A.B.C.D.
45.What can be the best title fr this text?
A.The pwer f smiling.B.The imprtance f happiness.
C.Different ways f smiling.D.Ways f making peple happy.
【答案】41.D 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.A
【分析】本文主要講述了微笑不僅僅是人們表示快樂(lè)的一種方式,人們微笑還有許多不同的好處。
41.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes. Hwever, there is a famus saying: ... That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy.”可知,空處的句子應(yīng)是一句古話,且內(nèi)容應(yīng)與微笑比通過(guò)鍛煉或穿漂亮的衣服來(lái)讓自己看起來(lái)漂亮更好相關(guān)。因此可推知,空處的古話是“笑容是最好的裝飾”。故選D。
42.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Third, smiles are helpful.”可知,本段說(shuō)的是微笑是有幫助的,所以推斷沒(méi)有人愿意拒絕一個(gè)面帶微笑的人的邀請(qǐng)。劃線部分表示“拒絕”,與refuse同義。故選C。
43.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“If a persn is sad, the best thing t d is t share a smile r laugh. It is the easiest and cheapest way t cheer smene up.”可知,微笑可以幫助人們克服不愉快的感覺(jué)。故選B。
44.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文第一段是總述人們微笑有許多不同的原因,第二、三、四、五段分別介紹了一種原因,所以全篇文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。
45.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要講述了微笑不僅僅是人們表示快樂(lè)的一種方式,人們微笑還有許多不同的好處,體現(xiàn)了微笑的力量,A項(xiàng)“微笑的力量“最適合做標(biāo)題。故選A。
十二、閱讀理解
(23-24九年級(jí)上·江蘇泰州·期末)
①A new study has shwn hw the clur f a bwl can influence the taste f the fd it hlds.
②Althugh it is hard t say what a picky eater (挑食的人) is like, the type may include peple wh have a limited diet, wh have strng likes r dislikes fr certain fd, wh require fd t be prepared in a special way, wh aren’t willing t accept new fd, r wh shw signs f all these features.
③Accrding t this new study, fd was put int tw grups in red, blue, r white bwls. While the clur made n difference in taste fr nn-picky eaters, the picky eaters reprted changes in their taste senses based n the clur f the bwl being used. Snacks in red and blue bwls were thught t have mre salt than thse in white bwls, while snacks in red bwls were less pleasant than thse in the ther bwls.
④ “This knwledge can be useful fr thse wh want t try mre kinds f fds,” says Lrenz Staffrd, a psychlgist frm the University f Prtsmuth in the UK. “Fr example, if yu want t encurage a picky eater t try sme bitter (苦的) vegetables, yu can try t put them n a pink plate r in a yellw bwl, because this can give him r her a sweet feeling.”
⑤At first it may seem strange that a bwl clur can influence the taste f fd, but the research befre has shwn hw light and music can influence eating habits. All f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.
⑥ “This new study can help in treating fd nephbia—the unwillingness t try new fd,” the team f the study says, and further studies will be required t find ut mre relatinships between clurs and fds.
⑦ “Thrugh further studies, maybe we can decide ways t help actively influence a persn’s diet, and as a result, their health in mind and bdy,” says Staffrd.
46.Accrding t the passage, wh is a picky eater?
? Tm especially likes hamburgers.
? Lucy is able t accept new fd happily.
? Sigmund usually has three meals a day.
? Mary desn’t care hw vegetables are cked.
A.Tm.B.Lucy.C.Mary.D.Sigmund.
47.Accrding t the new study, which f the fllwing is true?
A.All the clurs made n difference in taste t picky eaters.
B.Snacks in red bwls seem t be saltier than thse in blue bwls.
C.Snacks in red bwls seem less pleasant than thse in white bwls.
D.Putting sweet vegetables n a pink plate may give a bitter feeling.
48.Accrding t the passage, why can a bwl clur influence the taste f fd?
A.It desn’t tell us.
B.Because peple like clurful bwls.
C.Because light and music can influence eating habits.
D.Because all f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.
49.What des the underlined wrd nephbia mean?
A.美食綜合癥B.消化不良C.新奇恐懼癥D.暴飲暴食
50.Which paragraphs talk abut the meaning f this new study?
A.④⑤⑥⑦B.⑤⑥⑦C.⑥⑦D.⑦
【答案】46.A 47.C 48.D 49.C 50.C
【分析】本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究,研究表明碗的顏色會(huì)影響食物的味道。
46.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Althugh it is hard t say what a picky eater (挑食的人) is like, the type may include peple wh have a limited diet, wh have strng likes r dislikes fr certain fd, wh require fd t be prepared in a special way, wh aren’t willing t accept new fd, r wh shw signs f all these features.”可知,挑食的人可能包括飲食有限的人、對(duì)某些食物有強(qiáng)烈好惡的人、要求食物以特殊的方式準(zhǔn)備的人、不愿意接受新食物的人等。Tm特別喜歡漢堡,屬于“對(duì)某些食物有強(qiáng)烈好惡的人”,由此可推斷Tm是一個(gè)挑食的人。故選A。
47.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Accrding t this new study, fd was put int tw grups in red, blue, r white bwls. …, while snacks in red bwls were less pleasant than thse in the ther bwls.”可知,紅碗中的小吃不如藍(lán)色和白色碗中的小吃好吃。故選C。
48.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“At first it may seem strange that a bwl clur can influence the taste f fd, but the research befre has shwn hw light and music can influence eating habits. All f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.”可知,碗的顏色能影響食物的味道是因?yàn)槲覀兯械母泄俣际窍噙B的,包括味覺(jué)。故選D。
49.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“the unwillingness t try new fd”可知,不敢嘗試新食物,可猜測(cè)nephbia的意思應(yīng)是“新奇恐懼癥”。故選C。
50.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,第六段和第七段說(shuō)明了這項(xiàng)新研究的意義:不僅有助于治療新食物恐懼癥,還可以通過(guò)積極影響一個(gè)人的飲食,從而影響他的身心健康。故選C。
engage/en'ge?d?/
verb engaged, engaging.
①t draw ne’s attentin and keep them interested
②t give smebdy a jb
③t begin fighting with smebdy
④t fit ne part f a machine int anther s they can wrk

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