語法專題15 定語從句【考點精講精練】-最新中考語法一點通講義-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

中考總復習一般分為三輪：
1、第一輪復習為基礎知識的單元、章節(jié)復習。
通過第一輪的復習，使學生系統(tǒng)掌握基礎知識、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知識網(wǎng)絡和穩(wěn)定的知識框架。我們從雙基入手，緊扣中考知識點來組織單元過關。
2、第二輪復習打破章節(jié)界限實行大單元、小綜合、專題式復習。
第二輪復習絕不是第一輪復習的壓縮文檔，而是一個知識點綜合、鞏固、完善、提高的過程。復習的主要任務及目標是：完成各部分知識的條理，歸納，糅合，使各部分知識成為一個有機的整體，力求實現(xiàn)基礎知識重點化，重點知識網(wǎng)絡化，網(wǎng)絡知識題型化，題型設計生活化。
3、第三輪復習是知識、能力深化鞏固的階段。
復習資料的組織以中考題及模擬題為主，回扣教材，查缺補漏，進行強化訓練。同時，要教給學生一些必備的應試技巧和方法，使學生有足夠的自信從容地面對中考。
語法專題十五、定語從句
考點精講
概念理解
定語從句：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句，又稱形容詞性從句。
先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句在先行詞后面，但二者并不一定緊挨著。
關系詞（引導詞）：連接先行詞和從句的詞叫引導詞，也可叫關系詞或連接詞。連接詞有that，wh，which 等。
I like the mvie that/which is funny.
先行詞引導詞
I like the singer wh is beautiful.
先行詞引導詞
【特別注意】先行詞和引導詞是等量關系
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 引導詞（關系詞）在定語從句中充當成分，代替先行詞，意思就是先行詞的意義。所以，在定語從句中不能重復其意。
正There are many places that we can visit in China.
誤There are many places that we can visit them in China.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 先行詞在從句中做主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞單復數(shù)形式由先行詞決定。
This is the place that is famus fr pandas.
Jhn reads bks which are fun.
如何把兩個簡單句合并成一個含定語從句的復合句
He is the thief. 他是那個小偷。
The thief stle my wallet. 那個小偷偷了我的錢包。（兩個簡單句）
He is the thief wh/ that stle my wallet.
他是那個偷了我錢包的小偷。（一個復合句）
通過觀察，我們可以總結出以下合并規(guī)律：
把兩個簡單句合在一起。
He is the thief The thief stle my wallet.
合并同類項，去掉一個多余的。
He is the thief stle my wallet.
根據(jù)先行詞來選擇引導詞來代替這個多余項。
He is the thief wh/that stle my wallet.
引導詞的選擇
（1）關系代詞：wh(人-主格), whm(人-賓客), whse(人-所有格), which(物), that(人/物)。
（2）關系副詞：where(地點), when(時間), why(原因)。
初中階段要求掌握關系代詞。一般wh 用于指代人的先行詞，which 用來指代物的先行詞，that既可指人又可指物。關系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語；關系副詞在從句中作狀語。
4. 引導詞只能用that的情況：
（1）先行詞本身是all , everything , smething, nthing , anything等不定代詞時；
先行詞已有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級或the last, the first, the same, the nly,等作定語時；
先行詞既有人又有物時。
1. He is the first persn ______ cmes t schl every day.
A. that B. wh C. whm D. which
2. This is the mst beautiful picture _____I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whm D. whse
3. He is the nly persn _______passed the exam in his class.
A. wh B. which C. whm D. that
4. They talked abut the peple and things _____ they can remember.
A. that B. where C. wh D. which
5. There is nthing in the wrld ________ can make him give up his dream.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. wh
5.引導詞只能用which的情況
（1）關系代詞前有介詞。This is the huse in which we lived last year.
（2）先行詞本身是that。The clck is that which I bught yesterday.
（3）非限制性定語從句。His English, which used t be very pr, is nw excellent.
The htel in we stayed last week is right n Bndi Beach.
A. thatB. whichC. whD. whm
6.定語從句中引導詞的省略
不管定語從句修飾的先行詞是人還是物，如果引導詞在從句中作賓語，引導詞可以省略。不過在正式文體中，引導詞不省略。但是引導詞在從句中作主語時就不能省略。
—What are yu ding?
—I'm reading the nvel ______ yu lent me yesterday.
A. whatB. whC. whenD. /
7.定語從句的時態(tài)問題
定語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的影響，根據(jù)從句所在具體的語境和意義而定。
例如：
The headmaster wh made a speech yesterday is frm Peking University.
昨天做演講的校長來自北京大學。（主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句一般過去時）
The headmaster wh is making a speech nw is frm Peking University.
現(xiàn)在正在演講的校長來自北京大學。(主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句現(xiàn)在進行時)
The headmaster wh will make a speech tmrrw is frm Peking University.
明天要來演講的校長來自北京大學。（主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句一般將來時）
8.定語從句的主謂一致問題
一般來說，關系代詞在從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。所以一定要找準先行詞，先行詞的單復數(shù)決定從句謂語動詞的形式。
注意：先行詞和引導詞并不總是緊挨著，關系代詞前面的詞不一定是先行詞。
Dad cares much abut the pr in the villages ______ in need f fd and educatin.
A. which isB. wh isC. which areD. wh are
【特殊情況】
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 先行詞是ne f+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時，關系代詞在從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。（此時真正的先行詞是f后面的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)）
She is ne f the girls wh lve dancing. 她是熱愛舞蹈的女孩其中之一。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 先行詞是the nly ne f +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時，關系代詞在從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。（此時真正的先行詞是the nly ne，是單數(shù)）
He is the nly ne f the bys that likes playing the drums.
他是男孩子里唯一一個喜歡敲鼓的。
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ ne f which 在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。（主語是ne）
There are many kinds f energy, ne f which is il.
有許多種能源，其中之一是石油。
He is ne f the bys wh ________t Beijing befre.
A. has beenB. has gneC. have beenD. have gne
考點精練
中考語法—定語從句專項練習
（共計50小題，每小題2分，總分100分）
1. The shp_____sells flwers is at the end f the street．
A. wh B. where C. which D.what
2. Abing's Erquan Yingyue is a piece f music ______ has becme ne f China's natinal treasures.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. hw
3. —A Spring Mrning is my favrite pem _______ has beautiful wrds.
—I'm fnd f it, t.
A. wh B. which C. whm D. where
4. Peppa Pig（《小豬佩奇》） is a British cartn________has been ppular in China and is much lved by little children and their parents．
A. wh B. which C. / D. where
5. Happy Camp is an entertainment prgram ______ is very ht amng the yung peple.
A. wh B. / C. which D. where
6. A blg(博客)is cnsidered as an inventin ________ can express yur wn ideas and feelings freely. It’s the rm t cmmunicate with ther peple nline.
A. that B. wh C. where D. hw
7. —D yu knw the by ______ is talking t Mr. Zhang?
—Yes. He is ur mnitr.
A. whichB. whC. whseD. whm
8. I prefer mvies ______ me smething t think abut.
A. which givesB. that givesC. that giveD. wh give
9. The mvie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.
A. thatB. whatC. whseD. wh
10. —Which sng d yu like better, Lucy?
—I prefer the sng Little Apple ______ can attract many peple.
A. whichB. whC. whmD. where
11. "Undergrund" is the nly wrd in the English language begins and ends with the letters "und".
A. whatB. thatC. whD. whm
12. —What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I like mvies ______ scary mnsters.
A. which hasB. that haveC. what hasD. why have
13. —D yu knw the man ______ T-shirt is blue?
—Yes, I d. He is my Chinese teacher, Mr. Smith.
A. whB. thatC. whseD. which
14. We dn't like peple ______ talk t much but never d anything.
A. whseB. whC. whenD. which
15. Teenagers like reading the bks ________ are written by Gu Jingming.
A. whB. whatC. whseD. that
16. When sme Chinese wmen were dancing t lud music in a park in New Yrk, the peple ______ lived nearby called the plice.
A. whB. whmC. whseD. which
17. —Have yu fund the infrmatin abut famus scientists ______ yu can use fr the reprt?
—Nt yet. I'll search sme n the Internet.
A. whereB. whichC. whatD. wh
18. -I'm lking fr the CD abut EXO _____ I bught yesterday．
A. thatB. whC. whseD. when
19. -Which is yur new neighbur，Liu Hua？
-The man _______ T-shirt is red．
A. thatB. whC. whichD. whse
20. The bk is abut a true stry ________ happened in my hmetwn．
A. whichB. whC. whmD. whse
21. The Palace Museum is the best place I've ever visited．
A. thatB. whmC. whereD. wh
22. He likes lw-carbn life．He lives in the huse ________ he built himself ut f trash．
A. whereB. whatC. whichD. in which
23. Sandy likes the actrs ______ are ppular amng teenagers．
A. wh B. which C. whm D. why
24. The wman is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther.
A. whichB. whC. whmD. what
25. I'll never frget the lessn ______ last year．
A. that I learnB. that I learnedC. what I learnD. what I learned
26. When times becme difficult，remember a mment in yur life _______ was filled with jy and happiness．
A. whatB. whenC. thatD. where
27. The pht ______ taken by my brther last week is very nice.
A. which wereB. that isC. that wereD. which was
28. —What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I prefer mvies ______ give me smething t think abut.
A. whichB. whC. whatD. when
29. Cnfucius was a famus philspher（哲學家）______ has influenced the wrld greatly.
A. whseB. whmC. whichD. wh
30. —Is there anyne here__________ name is Betty?
—Srry, I dn't knw.
A. whB. whichC. whmD. whse
31. —What d yu usually d in yur leisure time?
—I enjy reading in the library ________ I lse myself in a wrld f gd bks.
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when
32. I can't remember the place I lived many years ag．
A. thatB. whichC. whereD. /
33. Being blind is smething _______mst peple can't imagine．
A. 不填B. whatC. whD. which
34. I will never frget the peple ______ helped me a lt during my hard time.
A. whichB. whC. whseD. whm
35. Chaka Salt Lake ______ is knwn as Mirrr f the Sky interests mre and mre turists.
A. where B. which C. wh D. what
36. I will remember the imprtant peple in my life ______ helped and supprted me.
A. whB. whichC. whatD. hw
37. I prefer music ______ has great lyrics.
A. whB. whseC. thatD. /
38.—Have yu seen the film The Wandering Earth？
—Yes. It's the best ne ______ I have ever seen.
A. thatB. whichC. whatD. it
39. Wuld yu please tell me abut the plan ______ yu made ______ yu leave?
A. wh; afterB. what; whenC. which; whileD. that; befre
40. —D yu knw the man ______ spke at the meeting just nw?
—N, I dn't knw.
A. whatB. whC. whichD. whse
41. Dr. Zhng Nanshan is a pineer has made a lt f cntributins（貢獻） in the field f medical science.
A. whichB. whC. whseD. what
42. The pliceman has caught the thief ______ stle Mr. Li's wallet.
A. whseB. whC. whmD. which
43. Everything ______ yu learn becmes a part f yu and changes yu, s learn wisely and learn well.
A. whatB. whenC. whereD. that
44. Is this the museum ______ yu visited last year?
A. whB. thatC. whmD. in which
45. —D yu knw the by ???????______ gt the first prize in the talent shw?
—Of curse. He's my new neighbr.
A. whseB. whmC. whichD. wh
46. ——Hey, Anna. Wuld yu like t see The White Strm with me?
—Yu mean the new plice stry ______ was filmed by Chen Musheng.
A. whB. whatC. whseD. which
47. My mther desn't like stries ______ have sad endings.
A. thatB. whC. whereD. thse
48.—D yu like the weekly talk shw The Readers n CCTV?
—Sure. It's a great TV prgram ______ can develp the habit f reading.
A. whB. thatC. whatD. whse
49. I'll never frget the place ______ we visited tgether last year.
A. whichB. whatC. whD. whm
50. On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ______ President Xi Jinping made encuraged us Chinese t wrk harder fr ur mtherland.
A. whB. whseC. whichD. what

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