文體特點:
中考英語中的應(yīng)用文，命題特點顯著，以搜尋直接信息為主，往往涵蓋人物、事件、時間、地點、數(shù)字等的考查。因此，學(xué)生在備考應(yīng)用文閱讀時，應(yīng)重點掌握尋讀策略，帶著問題有針對性地到文中快速尋找答案。細節(jié)理解題主要考查對文章(或某一段落)中某特定事實信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接細節(jié)理解題和間接細節(jié)理解題。直接細節(jié)理解題在原文中可直接找到答案，常用wh， what，when，where，why和hw等提問。間接細節(jié)理解題需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換，依靠主要事實、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時間、空間等關(guān)系進行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論，此類試題在中考試題中占大多數(shù)。抓住文章或段落中的事實和細節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其他類型題的基礎(chǔ)。閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文包含廣告、招聘、咨詢和建議、通知等類型的文章。
命題規(guī)律:
1.特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what.which，wh，hw much/many等疑問詞開頭引出問題。
2.填空題形式。通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實或細節(jié)。
3.題型和考查角度：
1.高頻考點：直接信息題；間接信息題。
2.中頻考點：數(shù)字計算題；
3.低頻考點：細節(jié)排序題；正誤判斷題。
【應(yīng)試技巧】
一、 應(yīng)用文細節(jié)理解題型方法和技巧
方法1：線索句定位法（直接信息題）
所謂線索句，就是為我們提供正確答案的線索，對線索句的精準(zhǔn)定位，是閱讀高分的秘訣。
方法2：間接信息法
解題原則：對原文多處相關(guān)信息進行整合轉(zhuǎn)換。
方法3：數(shù)字計算法
解題原則：文章中直接給出來相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，要經(jīng)過具體的對比、分析、計算才能夠得出答案。
方法4：細節(jié)排除法
解題原則：采用“首尾定位法”，先根據(jù)第一個事件和最后一個事件縮小范圍，再根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。
二、應(yīng)用文推理判斷題型方法和技巧
方法1：.文章出處或應(yīng)用文類型判定法
就是根據(jù)文章的語言、用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。主要考查學(xué)生對各種文章出處的特點和常識的掌握能力，以及對文章的體裁和題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。
方法2：.邏輯推理法
根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系，對文章片段或全文進行深層理解來解答題目。常以時間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音。主要考查學(xué)生對文章細節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。
一、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>Welcme t the American Museum f Natural Histry, a place filled with amazing things t discver. The fllwing will help yu make the mst f yur visit.
Lcatin:
Address: 200 Central Park West, New Yrk, NY 10024.
Nearest Subway Statins: 81st Street-Museum f Natural Histry (B and C lines) and 86th Street (l line).
Tickets and Hurs:
Museum hurs are typically frm 10: 00 A．M. t 5: 45 P.M. daily.
Yu can decide hw much t pay fr yur ticket, but it’s gd t pay the suggested amunt. It’s a gd idea t buy yur tickets nline t avid lng lines.
Must-See Exhibits:
Dinsaurs: Feel amazed at the huge dinsaur skeletns in the Hall f Saurischian Dinsaurs.
The Blue Whale: See the life-sized mdel f a blue whale in the Milstein Hall f Ocean Life.
The Rse Center fr Earth and Space: Explre the universe in the Hayden Planetarium and visit the famus “Dark Universe” shw.
Fssils: Discver the wnders f ancient life in the Fssil Halls, where yu’ll find prehistric creatures and even a T-Rex!
4 :
The museum is vast, s plan t spend at least half a day explring the exhibits. Check the daily schedule fr special exhibitins, guided turs, and different shws. Take a museum map at the entrance t help yu navigate the massive building.
Phtgraphy:
Phtgraphy is allwed in mst areas, but be mindful f the “N Phtgraphy” signs in certain exhibitin halls.
Nearby Attractins:
After yur museum visit, take a walk in Central Park, r explre ther cl places nearby like the Metrplitan Museum f Art.
Visiting the American Museum f Natural Histry is like ging n a big adventure! Whether yu’re a science histry lver r traveling with family, this museum ffers smething fr everyne. Enjy yur visit!
1．What type f text is the passage?
A．A travel reprt.B．A diary.C．A turist guide.D．A survey
2．Yu can visit the American Museum f Natural Histry ________.
A．a(chǎn)t 11: 00 A．M. n SundayB．in Central Park East
C．fr freeD．by taking A Line
3．If yu are interested in space, yu can g t ________.
A．the Hayden PlanetariumB．the Fssil Halls
C．the Hall f Saurischian DinsaursD．the Milstein Hall f Ocean Life
4．What can be filled in the blank?
A．Explre the exhibitsB．Fun fr familiesC．Eating timeD．Plan yur visit
5．Which f the fllwing abut the American Museum f Natural Histry is NOT TRUE?
A．Taking a map helps t visit the museum better.
B．Yu can’t take phtgraphs in mst exhibitin halls.
C．There are sme ther attractins nearby.
D．Yu can buy the museums tickets nline t avid lng waiting.
6．The purpse f the material is t ________.
A．give advice t the turistsB．prvide infrmatin f the museum
C．intrduce a famus curseD．ffer mre services in the museum
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了美國自然歷史博物館一些信息，便于大家參觀。
1．推理判斷題。文中介紹了美國自然歷史博物館一些信息，便于大家參觀，所以本文是旅游指南，故選C。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Museum hurs are typically frm 10: 00 A.M. t 5: 45 P.M. daily.”可知，你可以在周日上午11點參觀美國自然歷史博物館，故選A。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“The Rse Center fr Earth and Space: Explre the universe in the Hayden Planetarium and visit the famus ‘Dark Universe’ shw.”可知，如果你對太空感興趣，你可以去海登天文館，故選A。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“The museum is vast, s plan t spend at least half a day explring the exhibits.”可知，博物館很大，要做好參觀計劃，選項D“計劃你的參觀”符合語境，故選D。
5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Phtgraphy is allwed in mst areas”可知，大多數(shù)地區(qū)都允許拍照，選項B表達錯誤，故選B。
6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中“The fllwing will help yu make the mst f yur visit.”可知，這篇材料的目的是提供博物館的信息，故選B。
二、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>Nwadays many peple g camping fr fun. Camping can be enjyed in the backyard r deep in the wilderness. Whether camping fr ne night r several weeks, being prepared is the key.
Endless fun
Once the tent, yur base, is put up and the fire area is prepared, there is lts t d. Fishing and hiking are just sme f the fun activities. At night, campers ften sit by the fire, talking and telling stries. If the weather turns rainy, campers usually wait it ut in their tents, reading, drawing r playing games.
Required equipment
Shelter, bedclthes, fd and water are necessary. Deciding what else yu will need depends n the kind f camping trip yu are planning and the length f yur trip. Pack light if yu are ging t carry equipment any distance. Clthing shuld be prepared enugh t prtect against weather and insects. A hat, whistle, bug repellent (驅(qū)蟲劑) and rpe may cme in handy. Dn’t frget a flashlight, a cmpass, ckers and a first-aid bx.
Varius tents
There are many types and styles f tents. Yu shuld chse yur tent based n yur needs. If yu are camping alne in the backyard, a simple lean-t r small tent may d. If yu are camping with yur family, a larger cabin tent r camping trailer may be best.
Prper lcatins
Where yu decide t set up yur campsite is very imprtant. Lk fr a high and dry lcatin if it rains. The grund shuld be level because hills and rcks are uncmfrtable t sleep n. A sunny expsure (接觸) in the mrning with shade in the afternn is ideal.
5
Wherever yu camp, it is imprtant t respect the envirnment arund yu. If yu are in a park, make sure t fllw its rules. Put yur garbage and waste in rubbish bins. If yu are in the wilderness, keep nise t a minimum and d nt disturb the plants r animals.
7．Befre campers take up sme fun activities, they shuld ________.
A．g fishing and hikingB．chat arund the fireC．set up their baseD．wait fr the rain
8．Accrding t the passage, which item is essential fr camping?
A．A skirt.B．A blanket.C．A hat.D．A rpe.
9．If the camper faces a strng wind, which kind f tent might be the best chice?
A．Lean-t tents.B．Pup tents.C．Alpine tents.D．Dme tents.
10．The underlined wrd “l(fā)evel” prbably means “________”.
A．rughB．steepC．highD．flat
11．Which f the fllwing is the best t be filled in the blank?
A．Green campingB．Park rulesC．Plant prtectrsD．Animal lvers
12．The main purpse f this passage is t ________.
A．call n mre peple t take up camping
B．intrduce the advantages and disadvantages f camping
C．ffer sme suggestins n hw t prepare fr camping
D．remind peple t fllw the rules f camping
【答案】7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章就如何準(zhǔn)備露營提供一些建議。
7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Endless fun”下的“Once the tent, yur base, is put up and the fire area is prepared, there is lts t d. Fishing and hiking are just sme f the fun activities.”可知，在露營者開始一些有趣的活動之前，他們應(yīng)該建立自己的基地。故選C。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Required equipment”下的“Shelter, bedclthes, fd and water are necessary.”并結(jié)合選項可知，毯子是露營必不可少的。故選B。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Varius tents”下的“Alpine tents safe fr extreme weather”可知，如果露營者面臨強風(fēng)，那么最好選擇Alpine tents。故選C。
10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“The grund shuld be level because hills and rcks are uncmfrtable t sleep n.”可知，地面要平整，因為在山上和巖石上睡覺不舒服，所以level的含義是“平的”，D項符合。故選D。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wherever yu camp, it is imprtant t respect the envirnment arund yu.”可知，此處是露營與環(huán)保之間的關(guān)系，所以A項符合。故選A。
12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whether camping fr ne night r several weeks, being prepared is the key.”可知，文章就如何準(zhǔn)備露營提供一些建議。故選C。
三、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>Fllw the cuntryside cde
13．The underlined wrd “cde” is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．rulesB．signsC．sightsD．messages
14．What are visitrs suppsed t d t shw care fr each ther in the cuntryside?
A．Making nise.B．Sharing spaces.
C．Giving way t cyclists.D．Watching ut fr animals.
15．What will happen if yu leave rubbish behind in the cuntryside?
A．Yur dg might eat it.B．Animals will g hungry.
C．The frest will be n fire.D．Wildlife will be in danger.
16．Which f the fllwing best fits in the blank?
A．Make a friendB．Grw plants
C．Prtect the envirnmentD．Respect everyne
17．Befre yu leave fr the cuntryside, yu shuld ________.
A．leave yur gate penB．keep yur dg under cntrl
C．take water and snacks fr yur dgD．make sure yu are prperly dressed
18．The text abve is aimed t ________.
A．a(chǎn)sk fr helpB．give adviceC．teach a lessnD．vice an pinin
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C 17．D 18．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了在鄉(xiāng)村游玩時的一些注意事項。
13．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Fllw the cuntryside cde”以及“Here are the main things that yu need t knw”并結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了在鄉(xiāng)村要注意的事項，此處是要遵循鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)則，因此此處劃線部分和rules意義相近。故選A。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Be friendly t peple wh live and wrk in the cuntryside, as well as fellw visitrs. That means sharing spaces and nt making t much nise”可知互相關(guān)心意味著共享空間，不要制造太多噪音。故選B。
15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Rubbish can be harmful t wildlife.”可知垃圾可能對野生動物有害。故選D。
16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Be careful nt t step n plants...”可知本段主要內(nèi)容和保護環(huán)境有關(guān)，選項C“保護環(huán)境”符合。故選C。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“check the weather cnditins and make sure yu are dressed crrectly”可知在你去鄉(xiāng)下之前，你應(yīng)該確保你穿得得體。故選D。
18．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了在鄉(xiāng)村游玩時的一些注意事項，因此本文是為了給出一些建議。故選B。
四、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>Every year thusands f yung peple leave schl fr a few weeks r mnths and enjy an unusual type f educatinal prgram. What they learn during this time des nt cme frm bks. They learn new skills by living in a different cuntry and ding unusual jbs. There are several rganizatins that help students t find the experience they are lking fr. The jb descriptin table belw shws a few pssibilities fr students.
One interesting pssibility is helping elephants in Thailand. ① Mst peple think f elephants as animals in zs r circuses. ② Nw, hundreds f them are hmeless. ③ These gentle animals are ften fund n the streets as they d nt have wners t care fr them. ④ Althugh they may lk well, they are ften in pr health and dn’t have enugh t eat.
One center in Thailand cares fr these elephants. It prvides a safe and natural living space fr them. When they are at the center, they stay in a building but are free t walk arund. Students cme frm all ver the wrld t help here. The students helpers wrk with the elephant keepers. These keepers train the students in caring fr the elephants. In the mrning, they g t the frest tgether and lead the elephants t the center. They clean them and give them fd. In the afternn, they take the animals back int the frest fr the night. Helping at the center is interesting and the yung peple learn a lt.
19．Hw lng des the educatinal prgram in Ghana last?
A．Tw mnthsB．Three mnthsC．Three weeksD．Tw weeks
20．Which f the fllwing is NOT TRUE abut the educatinal prgram?
A．It enables students t learn new skillsB．It can enrich students’ experience
C．It ffers a wide range f chicesD．It desn’t require time away frm hme.
21．Where shuld this sentence g in the secnd paragraph? Hwever, many elephants are n lnger kept in captivity.
A．a(chǎn)fter sentence①B．a(chǎn)fter sentence ②C．a(chǎn)fter sentence ③D．a(chǎn)fter sentence ④
22．The underlined wrd “it” in the third paragraph refers t .
A．ThailandB．the centerC．the elephantD．living space
23．What d students prbably d if they jin the “Saving elephants” prgram?
① feed elephants② clean elephants③ train elephants④ride elephants
A．①③④B．②③④C．①②D．①②③④
24．Which f the fllwing might be the best slgan（標(biāo)語）fr educatinal prgram?
A．Wrking with animals is great fun!
B．A step clser t realizing yur dream!
C．A jb can be a learning experience!
D．Learning utside schl is difficult!
【答案】19．B 20．D 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了幾個不同國家所提供的為了讓學(xué)生在不同領(lǐng)域獲得不同經(jīng)驗的一些項目，重點介紹了泰國的關(guān)愛大象項目。
19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Three mnths”可知加納的項目持續(xù)三個月。故選B。
20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They learn new skills”可知學(xué)生們能學(xué)到新技能，排除A；根據(jù)“find the experience they are lking fr”可知能夠豐富學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷，排除B；根據(jù)“The jb descriptin table belw shws a few pssibilities fr students.”可知給學(xué)生提供了廣泛的選擇，排除C。故選D。
21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Mst peple think f elephants as animals in zs r circuses”以及“Nw, hundreds f them are hmeless”可知大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為大象是動物園或馬戲團里的動物，但是現(xiàn)在大象不再被圈養(yǎng)，數(shù)百只大象無家可歸，由此可推知，“然而，許多大象不再被圈養(yǎng)”可放在第一句后面。故選A。
22．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“One center in Thailand cares fr these elephants. It prvides a safe and natural living space fr them.”可知泰國的一個中心照顧這些大象，它為他們提供了一個安全自然的生活空間，故此處it指代“一個中心”。故選B。
23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In the mrning, they g t the frest tgether and lead the elephants t the center. They clean them and give them fd. In the afternn, they take the animals back int the frest fr the night”可知早上，他們一起去森林，把大象帶到中心，他們清洗它們并給它們食物，下午，他們把動物帶回森林過夜，即①②。故選C。
24．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了幾個不同國家所提供的為了讓學(xué)生在不同領(lǐng)域獲得不同經(jīng)驗的一些項目，重點介紹了泰國的關(guān)愛大象項目，故本文的標(biāo)語可為：工作可以是一種學(xué)習(xí)體驗。故選C。
五、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>There was a time when New Yrk City buildings were almst all the same height. Tday yu can see buildings f different heights that seem t tuch the sky. They are called skyscrapers (摩天大樓). They shape the famus New Yrk City skyline.
It started abut 90 years ag. It began like a race. This wasn’t a race dwn the street r arund a track (跑道). It was a race fr the sky. Wh was racing? Buildings were. Their builders were actually racing t build the wrld’s tallest skyscraper.
The race started slwly.
First came the Wlwrth Building, in 1913. It rse 792 feet n the suthern side f the city. Frm far away, it lked like a thin castle flating (漂浮) in the sky.
Then the race heated up.
In 1930, tw skyscrapers were nearing cmpletin. The Bank f Manhattan Building was finished first. It rse up t 927 feet int the sky. Builders were then putting a rund rf n the tp f the Chrysler Building. It sht up t 925 feet. The Bank f Manhattan, tw feet taller, seemed t be the winner. A big party was held t celebrate its victry.
A few weeks later, New Yrkers saw a strange sight. The day that the Chrysler Building was t be cmpleted, wrkers raised a shiny metal spire (尖頂) thrugh the tp f the building, adding 121 feet t the building’s height! At 1,048 feet, the Chrysler Building was nw the wrld’s tallest.
But the race was nt ver. A year later, in 1931, the Empire State Building became the new winner. At 1,250 feet, it was the wrld’s tallest building.
In 1973, even that recrd was brken. Builders finished the twin twers f the Wrld Trade Center. At 1,368 feet high, they rse abve all ther buildings in New Yrk City.
Time ges n. As technlgy imprves, taller buildings are being built. The race is still n.
25．Tday the New Yrk City skyline becmes famus because buildings there are ______.
A．a(chǎn)ll the same heightB．a(chǎn)bve the sky
C．built in different sizesD．f different heights
26．Abut 90 years ag, builders in New Yrk City were racing t ______.
A．build the wrld’s tallest skyscrapersB．g dwn the New Yrk street
C．run arund the trackD．enjy the famus skyline
27．The Bank f Manhattan Building was ______ feet tall when it was finished.
A．792B．925C．927D．929
28．The Chrysler Building was the wrld’s tallest in 1930 because ______.
A．builders put a rund rf n its tpB．builders held a party t celebrate it
C．New Yrkers saw a strange sightD．wrkers raised a metal spire thrugh its tp
29．By the end f 1973, the wrld’s secnd tallest building was ______.
A．the Wlwrth BuildingB．the Chrysler Building
C．the Empire State BuildingD．the Wrld Trade Center
30．The best title fr this passage can be ______.
A．Beautiful skyscrapersB．Race fr the sky
C．Clever builders in New YrkD．A big celebratin party
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．C 30．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹紐約的摩天大樓，大樓的建造者們在競相建造世界上最高的摩天大樓。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tday yu can see buildings f different heights that seem t tuch the sky. They are called skyscrapers (摩天大樓). They shape the famus New Yrk City skyline.”可知，著名的原因是有許多高的建筑物。故選D。
26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It started abut 90 years ag. It began like a race. This wasn’t a race dwn the street r arund a track (跑道). It was a race fr the sky. Wh was racing? Buildings were. Their builders were actually racing t build the wrld’s tallest skyscraper.”可知，建造者們比賽建造最高的摩天大廈。故選A。
27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It sht up t 925 feet. The Bank f Manhattan, tw feet taller, seemed t be the winner.”可知，是927英尺。故選C。
28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“wrkers raised a shiny metal spire (尖頂) thrugh the tp f the building, adding 121 feet t the building’s height! At 1,048 feet, the Chrysler Building was nw the wrld’s tallest.”可知，工人升起一個閃亮的金屬尖頂使其最高。故選D。
29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In 1973, even that recrd was brken. Builders finished the twin twers f the Wrld Trade Center. At 1,368 feet high, they rse abve all ther buildings in New Yrk City.”及“But the race was nt ver. A year later, in 1931, the Empire State Building became the new winner. At 1,250 feet, it was the wrld’s tallest building.”可知，帝國大廈在第二位。故選C。
30．最佳標(biāo)題。本文主要介紹紐約的摩天大樓，大樓的建造者們在競相建造世界上最高的摩天大樓。故選B。
一、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>With easy access t cameras n mbile phnes and ther devices, many peple take phts every day. Phne cameras have many fun features. Yu can add clrs t the phts that make them artistic and full f life. Even with a wide variety f filters(濾鏡) and features, it still takes skill t capture amazing pictures. With a few tips, yu can imprve yur phts and fllw in the steps f great phtgraphers.
Tip 1 Chse yur subject. It culd be a landscape, peple, animals r bjects.
Tip 2 Keep yur backgrund simple with all white r black t make yur subject standut.
Tip 3 Hld yur camera steady. This may be harder than it seems, but dn’t let shaky hands ruin yur pictures.
Tip 4 Remember the rule f thirds. Imagine yur picture is divided int three equal parts. Place the subject t the side rather than in the middle f the frame.
Tip 5 If yu are taking nature shts, use leading lines t draw the viewer’s eye int the scene. Examples might be railway tracks, fences, r a rw f trees.
Tip 6 Give yur subject space t mve. Fr example, if a dg is running acrss the lawn, frame the sht s that there is rm in frnt f the animal fr it t run int that empty space. Dn’t cut it ff t clsely.
Tip 7 Think abut clrs. Just as yu wuld plan clrs fr a painting, try t find clr schemes(配色方案) that wrk well.
1．Accrding t the passage, many peple take phts every day because ________.
A．a(chǎn)rtists can help add clrs t the phts peple take in daily life
B．there are many kinds f filters and features in phne cameras
C．peple have learned many skills t take amazing pictures
D．mbile phnes and ther devices make it easier t take phts
2．The first step t take phts accrding t the passage is t ________.
A．find the prper clr schemesB．chse the subject
C．clear the backgrundD．imprve yur camera
3．The underlined wrd “ruin” in Tip 3 mst prbably means “________”.
A．recgnizeB．stickC．guideD．destry
4．Which f the fllwing pictures belw fllws Tip 5?
A．B．C．D．
5．We shuld ________ if we want t take a pht f a running dg.
A．use leading lines t draw viewers’ eyes
B．mve ur hands t catch the dg’s mvement
C．leave enugh space in frnt f the dg
D．put the dg in the middle f the pht
6．Frm the passage, we knw that the writer wants t ________.
A．remind peple f the imprtance f learning new skills
B．teach peple t take better phtgraphs
C．lk fr the best phtgraphers
D．intrduce the latest mdels f cameras
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文就如何提高拍照技巧提出了幾點建議。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“With easy access t cameras n mbile phnes and ther devices, many peple take phts every day.”可知，由于手機和其他設(shè)備上的相機很容易使用，許多人每天都拍照，故選D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tip 1 Chse yur subject”可知，第一步是選擇主題，故選B。
3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Hld yur camera steady. This may be harder than it seems, but dn’t let shaky hands ruin yur pictures”可知，要拿穩(wěn)手機，不要讓顫抖的手毀了你的照片，所以劃線單詞與destry同義，故選D。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“If yu are taking nature shts, use leading lines t draw the viewer’s eye int the scene. Examples might be railway tracks, fences, r a rw f trees.”可知，如果你拍攝的是自然風(fēng)光，使用引導(dǎo)線將觀眾的視線吸引到場景中。例如鐵路軌道、柵欄或一排樹，故選A。
5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Give yur subject space t mve. Fr example, if a dg is running acrss the lawn, frame the sht s that there is rm in frnt f the animal fr it t run int that empty space.”可知，給你的主題活動空間。例如，如果一只狗在草坪上奔跑，那就把鏡頭框起來，讓它在前面有空間跑進空曠的地方，故選C。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“With a few tips, yu can imprve yur phts and fllw in the steps f great phtgraphers”可知，作者想教人們拍更好的照片，故選B。
二、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>Tai chi, part f Chinese culture, is ppular arund the wrld. This ancient martial art has been practised by mre than 40 millin peple in mre than 150 cuntries. There must be sme reasns fr it.
◆Tai chi is gd fr bth bdy and mind
This gentle martial art started in China. It requires slw mvements with a fcus n breathing and n what yur bdy is ding in that mment. Yu can g at yur wn speed.
◆It’s easy n the bdy
Tai chi is suitable fr all ages and levels f fitness. There is little risk f damage t yur jints (關(guān)節(jié)).
It’s an exercise that can be easily dne, including thse in wheelchairs.
◆ 4
A 2019 review f studies suggested that Tai chi might reduce the risk f falls in lder peple. Certainly, the key pint is n balance, with sideways and backwards mvements helping t have a strnger bdy. It als imprves the awareness f space.
◆ It may reduce pain
A small bdy f research indicates that ding Tai chi regularly can help repair knee prblems and lwer back pain.
◆It may imprve brain pwer
Advantages aren’t just physical. Studies have fund that regular Tai chi can imprve functining in brain, especially fr lder peple. Still it’s cnsidered safe and suitable fr the elderly.
◆It has the feel-gd factr
A reductin in stress and wrry, and an increase in cnfidence are ther advantages f Tai chi fr yur feelings.
7．Tai chi is practised by ver ________ millin peple arund the wrld.
A．20B．40C．50D．150
8．Peple mve their bdy ________ when practising Tai chi.
A．vilentlyB．regularlyC．slwlyD．strngly
9．All the fllwing peple can practise Tai chi EXCEPT ________.
A．Mike, a ten-year-ld by, wh wants t imprve his sense f balance
B．Mr. Li, wh has gt sme pain in his back and decides t d sme exercise
C．Ms Black, wh was frgetful and needs sme training fr her brain
D．Dan, wh gt injured in the leg in a car accident and is in bed these days
10．The title f the underlined paragraph is “________”.
A．It can prevent fallsB．It has a variety f mvements
C．It may pen yur mindD．It is gd fr the yung
11．One may feel ________ after practising Tai chi frm time t time.
A．stressfulB．excitedC．cnfidentD．tired
12．One can find the passage abve frm the sectin f “________” in a newspaper.
A．SprtsB．NewsC．ArtD．Travel
【答案】7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了太極拳的好處。
7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“This ancient martial art has been practised by mre than 40 millin peple”可知，這種古老的武術(shù)已經(jīng)被超過4000萬人練習(xí)過。故選B。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It requires slw mvements”可知，人們練習(xí)太極拳時動作緩慢。故選C。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Certainly, the key pint is n balance, with sideways and backwards mvements helping t have a strnger bdy.”、“ding Tai chi regularly can help repair knee prblems and lwer back pain.”和“Studies have fund that regular Tai chi can imprve functining in brain, especially fr lder peple.”可知，練習(xí)太極拳可以提高平衡能力、減輕背部疼痛以及改善大腦功能，由此可知想提高平衡感的Mike、想減輕背部疼痛的Mr. Li以及需要大腦訓(xùn)練的Ms Black可以練習(xí)太極。故選D。
10．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“A 2019 review f studies suggested that Tai chi might reduce the risk f falls in lder peple.”可知，2019年的一項研究綜述表明，太極拳可能會降低老年人跌倒的風(fēng)險，由此可知“它可以防止跌倒”適合作為本段的標(biāo)題。故選A。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“A reductin in stress and wrry, and an increase in cnfidence are ther advantages f Tai chi fr yur feelings.”可知，練習(xí)太極拳可以減少壓力和擔(dān)憂，增加信心，由此可知一個人在偶爾練習(xí)太極拳之后可能會感到自信。故選C。
12．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了太極拳的好處，由此可推測本文最可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的“運動”部分。故選A。
Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>13．Valentine’s Day is celebrated t ________.
A．shw lve and careB．remember smene special
C．share delicius fdD．welcme the new year
14．Which f the fllwing is the right prcess t make a hmemade card?
A．make a base → cllect supplies → get elegant → add a nte
B．a(chǎn)dd a nte → cllect supplies → make a base → get elegant
C．get elegant → make a base → add a nte → cllect supplies
D．cllect supplies → make a base → add a nte → get elegant
15．The underlined wrd elegant is the clsest in meaning t ________.
A．beautifulB．magicC．cleverD．expensive
16．Cnversatin hearts were riginally prduced ________.
A．in 1861B．in 1800sC．n February 14D．n March 14
17．Which f the fllwing is nt mentined as a gift fr Valentine’s Day?
A．Flwers.B．Chclates.C．Wines.D．Cards.
18．The text abve is mainly written t ________.
A．give instructinsB．tell a jkeC．share a stryD．raise an pinin
【答案】13．A 14．D 15．A 16．B 17．C 18．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了情人節(jié)卡片的制作步驟及情人節(jié)糖果的趣事。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Valentine’s Day is time t shw special peple in yur life that yu care abut them”可知，情人節(jié)是向你生活中特別的人表明你對他們的愛和關(guān)心。故選A。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“Cllect supplies (smething available t be used) Instead f buying smething new, start with what yu already have at hme.”利用家里已有的東西做材料；“Start with a base make a flat card with designs n the frnt and back.”從基本開始，選擇一張較厚的紙，制作一張正面和背面都有圖案的平面卡片；“Add a nteAfter yu have the shape f yur card ready, write a message n it.”在你準(zhǔn)備好卡片的形狀后，在上面寫一條信息；“Get elegant Once yu have yur basic card and message, it’s time t layer n mre shapes cut frm paper.”有了基本的卡片和信息，疊上更多從紙上剪下來的形狀，使卡片變得漂亮；可知；選項D的制作順序正確。故選D。
15．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中“Once yu have yur basic card and message, it’s time t layer n mre shapes cut frm paper.”有了基本的卡片和信息，疊上更多從紙上剪下來的形狀；可知，此處指“使卡片變得漂亮”。故選A。
16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Fun facts abut Valentine candy Cnversatin hearts, anther ppular candy fr the hliday, were riginally prduced in 1800s.”可知，糖果“對話之心”最初生產(chǎn)于19世紀(jì)。故選B。
17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“Valentine’s Day Card One way t mark the day is t give Valentine’s Day cards.”和“Fun facts abut Valentine candy…Althugh rses are ppular gifts, 69% f Americans wuld prefer chclates.…”可知，卡片、玫瑰花、巧克力都是情人節(jié)的禮物，文中沒有提到酒。故選C。
18．推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了情人節(jié)卡片的制作過程；可知，選項A“指導(dǎo)”符合文意。故選A。
四、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>Jacky feels different these days. He isn’t as playful as usual and desn’t like t talk much. Sme f us may feel like Jacky smetimes. When unexpected things happen, we can feel like this. There are als sme ther things that can put us in bad mds. Here are sme examples. We might feel bad if we’re nt getting alng well with ur friends, r if we d prly n an exam. Having bad mds t ften can affect ur mental(心理) health. The 4 habits belw can harm ur mental health.
?Sleep t little
A lack f sleep can make us feel bad.
?Lack f exercise
Fr the best result, try t d n less than 30 minutes f exercise three t five times a week.
?Bad diets
Studies have shwn that eating cakes and bread in large quantities, and lw amunts f fruit and vegetable will increase the risk f depressin(沮喪) and md disrders.
?Being inside all day
Spending the mst f ur day indrs can increase ur risk fr depressin.
Dn’t be afraid f having bad mds. The tips belw can help us vercme them.
Accept ur mds
N ne can be happy all the time. Our friends and parents can als have bad mds smetimes. Bad mds are nrmal. Accept this first and then we can find ways t deal with them.
Let ur bad feelings ut
When we feel unhappy r upset, dn’t hide ur feelings r pretend nthing is wrng. We can find a cmfrtable way t let them ut.
?We can talk t ur parents r friends.
?We can write abut ur feelings in ur diary.
?We can read ur favurite bks.
?We can play sprts r d sme ther kinds f activities.
Set a new gal
Messing up(搞砸) smething can put us in a bad md, t. But we can just try harder next time. Fr example:
?We didn’t win a sccer game. Try t scre a gal next time.
?We didn’t d well n an exam. Try t get five mre pints next time.
?We had an argument with ur friend. Next time, try t talk t him r her in a nice way.
Remember that bad things will end
N matter what makes us feel bad, it will end at last. Remembering this will help us feel better.
19．What can affect ur mental health?
A．Feeling different smetimes.B．Ding well n exams.
C．Getting alng well with ur friends.D．Having bad mds t ften.
20．Fr the best result, we shuld exercise ________.
A．a(chǎn)t least 30 minutes three t five times a week
B．n mre than 30 minutes three t fur times a week
C．n less than 30 minutes twice a week
D．a(chǎn)t least 30 minutes twice a week
21．Hw many examples des the writer give n messing up smething?
A．Three.B．Fur.C．Seven.D．Eight.
22．The underlined wrd “them” refers t ________.
A．ur friendsB．ur parentsC．bad mdsD．sme tips
23．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Hw t be differentB．Hw t exercise
C．Hw t get rid f bad mdsD．Hw t get rid f bad diets
24．If Jacky reads abut the article, what will he prbably d t make himself playful again?
A．He will prbably have a talk with his parents.
B．He will prbably argue with his friend.
C．He will prbably remember his bad feelings.
D．He will prbably mess up smething.
【答案】19．D 20．A 21．A 22．C 23．C 24．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了如何擺脫壞情緒。
19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Having bad mds t ften can affect ur mental(心理) health.”可知經(jīng)常有壞情緒會影響心理健康。故選D。
20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fr the best result, try t d n less than 30 minutes f exercise three t five times a week.”可知每周要鍛煉三到五次，每次至少30分鐘。故選A。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fr example... in a nice way.”可知一共舉了三個例子。故選A。
22．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上句“Bad mds are nrmal.”可知此處指的是“bad mds壞情緒”。故選C。
23．主旨大意題。文章前面主要講了壞情緒對我們生理健康的影響，再根據(jù)“When we feel unhappy r upset, dn’t hide ur feelings r pretend nthing is wrng. We can find a cmfrtable way t let them ut.”可知文章主要講述如何擺脫壞情緒。故選C。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“We can talk t ur parents r friends.”可知Jack會和父母聊天。故選A。
五、Chse the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?br>D yu knw hw t get cheap airline and train tickets? htel accmmdatins (膳宿)?
On a recent flight, Laura was chatting happily with the wman in the next seat—until the cnversatin turned t fares. The wman, wh bught her ticket tw mnths in advance, paid $109. Laura paid $457. She decided that next time she wuld find ut hw t travel fr less.
Here are sme ways t travel fr less:
Cheap airplane tickets.
T fly fr less mney, yu can buy nn-refundable plane tickets tw r three mnths befre yur trip. The cheapest way t fly is as a curier (信使). In return fr delivering a package fr a curier cmpany, yu get a plane ticket that csts as little as ne-quarter f the regular price—r even less if the cmpany needs smene at the last minute. Recently, a curier flew rund trip frm Ls Angeles t Tky fr $100; a regular ticket cst arund $1,800.
Train passes.
If yu’re ging t d a lt f traveling by train, a train pass will save yu mney. Buying a single pass gives yu unlimited travel fr a perid f time. Train passes can be especially useful in India, which has the wrld’s largest rail system; in Japan, where trains are fast and cnvenient; and in Eurpe, where trains g t ver 30,000 cities.
Hstels (招待所).
Hstels used t prvide cheap accmmdatins in drmitries fr peple under the age f 25. Nwadays, hstels dn’t have any age requirements. They’re nt nly cheap（$8—$17 a night）but a great way t meet peple. Hstels are ften in interesting places—a castle in Germany, a lighthuse in Califrnia, a ne-rm schlhuse in the wilderness f Australia. And smetimes hstels have luxuries like swimming pls.
25．Laura paid much mre fr the plane ticket because ________.
A．she bught her ticket tw mnths agB．the wman was sitting in the next seat
C．she didn’t knw hw t travel fr lessD．the wman was chatting with her happily
26．________ ways are intrduced t travel fr less in the material abve.
A．TwB．ThreeC．FurD．Five
27．The underlined wrd fares in the first paragraph prbably means “________”.
A．the mney yu pay t travel by planeB．the schedule yu make fr a hliday
C．the pictures yu draw when n a planeD．the plan yu make fr buying cheap tickets
28．Yu can get the cheapest plane ticket if yu ________.
A．buy it tw mnths agB．take arund trip
C．buy it at the last minuteD．wrk as a curier
29．Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the material?
A．India has the wrld’s largest rail system.
B．It’s cnvenient t travel by train in Eurpe.
C．Peple ver 25 can’t stay in a hstel nwadays.
D．Hstels arund the wrld are ften in interesting places.
30．Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the material abve?
A．Getting mre fr less when yu travel.B．Meeting interesting peple in cheap hstels.
C．A train pass will save yu mney in Japan.D．Plane ticket frm New Yrk t Tky is cheap.
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了外出旅行節(jié)約錢的方法：購買便宜的機票、使用火車通卡、住旅社。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“She decided that next time she wuld find ut hw t travel fr less.”可知，勞拉花了更多的錢買機票，因為她不知道如何以更低的價格旅行。故選C。
26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Cheap airplane tickets.；Train passes.；Hstels (招待所).”可知，文章提到了三種方式。故選B。
27．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“The wman, wh bught her ticket tw mnths in advance, paid $109. Laura paid $457.”可知，這里的fares指的是“票價”。故選A。
28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“r even less if the cmpany needs smene at the last minute.”可知，如果在最后一刻買票，價格會更低。故選C。
29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hstels used t prvide cheap accmmdatins-in drmitries-fr peple under the age f 25.”可知，旅館過去為25歲以下的人提供廉價的宿舍。故選C。
30．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Here are sme ways t travel fr less:”及短文的介紹可知，本文介紹了外出旅行時節(jié)約錢的方法。因此選項A“旅行時花更少的錢獲得更多”可以作為標(biāo)題。故選A。
Autumn is a lvely time fr getting in the cuntryside t appreciate all the beautiful clurs n the trees. Hwever, did yu knw that there are guidelines fr enjying the great utdrs? Here are the main things that yu need t knw.
①Care fr each ther
Be friendly t peple wh live and wrk in the cuntryside, as well as fellw visitrs. That means sharing spaces and nt making t much nise. Cyclists have t give way t walkers. Hwever, if yu’re nt cycling r riding, yu shuld watch ut fr slwer walkers.
②Keep t path
While much f the cuntryside is available t the public, many areas are als private. Fllw signs and stay n planned paths t avid damaging crps, disturbing animals r getting lst. Use gates and paths. Leave gates as yu fund them r fllw instructins n signs t prevent animals frm escaping r being unable t reach fd.
③Leave nthing behind
If yu have a picnic, make sure yu clear up afterwards and take all yur litter hme. Rubbish can be harmful t wildlife. If yu have a dg, bag any dg p and bin it if yu can, r take it hme. Never light fires and nly have barbecues if there are signs.
④ ________
● Be careful nt t step n plants.
● Leave rcks and stnes where they are.
● Keep a respectful distance frm wild birds and animals.
●Keep yur dgs under cntrl, n a lead r within yur sight
Befre yu hit the rad, yu shuld
● design yur rute by using maps r apps
● check the weather cnditins and make sure yu are dressed crrectly
●take water and snacks t keep yu ging
Cuntry
Jb
Time
Descriptin
India
Teaching yung children
Tw mnths
Teach music and art
* Help children t learn hw t cmmunicate
Ghana
Health care wrker
Three mnths
* See hw dctrs wrk in a less develped cuntry
* Help care fr sick peple
Thailand
Saving elephants
Three weeks
* Cleaning elephants
* Helping train elephants
www. festival. net/valentine
Valentine’s Day Card
Valentine’s Day is time t shw special peple in yur life that yu care abut them. One way t mark the day is t give Valentine’s Day cards. Hmemade cards can be especially fun t share because yu can make yur friends and family feel extra lved. Here’s hw t get started.
Cllect supplies
(smething available t be used)
Instead f buying smething new, start with what yu already have at hme. Lk in yur craft area fr clrful paper, stickers, markers, ribbns, and glitter. Yu can als use recycled supplies, such as flyers yu’ve gtten in the mail r clrful packaging frm items yu’ve purchased.
Get elegant
Once yu have yur basic card and message, it’s time t layer n mre shapes cut frm paper. Use fun craft scissrs (like waves r zigzags) t cut ut hearts, stars, r ther shapes f varius sizes and glue them nt the card, either n tp f ne anther r in different spts. If yu like, yu culd even tape a small candy r ty t the card.
Start with a base
Chse a piece f thicker paper. Yu can pick a classic Valentine’s Day clr, like pink r red, r any shade yu prefer. Fld it in half t make a card with a frnt and an inside. Or cut the paper int a shape (like a heart) t make a flat card with designs n the frnt and back.
Add a nte
After yu have the shape f yur card ready, write a message n it. Yu can write a lnger nte abut why yu appreciate the persn yu’ re giving the card t, including an inside jke, r a Valentine’s Day saying. Fr example, yu culd write “Our friendship is blming” and then decrate yur card with flwers.
Fun facts abut Valentine candy?
The first heart-shaped candy bxes were prduced fr Valentine’s Day in 1861.
? Cnversatin hearts, anther ppular candy fr the hliday, were riginally prduced in 1800s.
? Althugh rses are ppular gifts, 69% f Americans wuld prefer chclates.
? In Japan, nly wmen hand ut chclates r ther gifts n Valentine’s Day. A mnth later, On March 14, it’s the men’s turn t give gifts t the wmen in their lives.

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