【中考二輪】2024年中考英語【熱點·重點·難點】（上海通用）熱點11++三大主題意境之人與社會（閱讀理解之首字母填空）-專練.zip-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

首字母填空既考查學(xué)生對語法、詞匯、句型、搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識的綜合運用能力，也考查了學(xué)生對文章的閱讀理解能力。其中，著重考查學(xué)生在具體的語境中運用語言知識的能力，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行合理的邏輯推斷和分析概括的能力。一般來講，在考試中，七個首字母，會涉及到不同詞性。以名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞為主，虛詞為輔。
英語閱讀主題意境中涉及到人與社會的主要話題包括但不限于：
社會關(guān)系與互動：作品可能探討人們在社會中的相互關(guān)系和互動，如家庭關(guān)系、友誼、愛情關(guān)系、職場關(guān)系等。
社會制度與結(jié)構(gòu)：作品可能反映社會中存在的制度、規(guī)則，探討人們在這些結(jié)構(gòu)下的處境和掙扎。
社會問題與社會變遷：作品可能揭示社會中存在的各種問題和矛盾，如貧富差距、種族歧視、性別平等等，以及社會的變革和發(fā)展。
個體與集體：作品可能探討個體在社會中的定位和角色，以及個體與集體利益之間的沖突和統(tǒng)一。
社會道德與價值觀：作品可能反映社會的道德標準和價值觀念，探討人們在社會中如何面對道德困境和價值選擇。
【應(yīng)試技巧】
解題技巧：
1.要對文章內(nèi)容有總體把握
通讀首字母填空的短文，跳過空格快速閱讀，了解全篇的主要內(nèi)容。
2.要重視文中的主題句
首字母填空選用的短文一般不給標題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句，有時也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口”。我們甚至能以主題句為立足點，從該句的時態(tài)、語氣推測全文的主要內(nèi)容。
3.要利用語境進行聯(lián)想
利用上下文的提示，用學(xué)過的知識和已有的生活經(jīng)驗，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。
解題步驟：
第一步判斷詞性
根據(jù)語法來確定空格中應(yīng)該選填什么詞性的單詞。這樣做的一個好處就是可以縮小選詞的范圍。
例題：Peple wh rely nly n their talent and d nt wrk hard r____52____ succeed. （嘉定2023一模）
改題的空格出現(xiàn)在動詞succeed前，提示我們要填副詞（因為要用副詞修飾動詞或形容詞）。對考綱詞匯特別熟悉的同學(xué)馬上就可以想到最常見的兩個r開頭的副詞really和rarely。這樣我們就一下子縮小了思考范圍，只要把這兩個詞放到上下文中判斷一下哪一個比較合適就可以了。
第二步聯(lián)系上下文
根據(jù)上下文來進一步篩選合的詞。上面這個句子的上下文意思是“人們?nèi)绻麅H僅依靠才能，而不努力工作的話，那么就很難取得成功”。根據(jù)上下文的意思來判斷，空格處填寫rarely最合適。
第三步確定拼寫和形式
要注意的是，如果空格處填寫的是動詞或名詞的話，千萬不要遺漏這第三步。如空格確定要填寫動詞，那么就要想一想是否需要第三人稱單數(shù)+s，是否需要用過去式或過去分詞形式；空格如填寫名詞，就要考慮名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些問題沒有注意到的話，即使選對了詞，也會失分。
一、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
Many years ag, when I was fresh ut f schl and wrking in Denver, I was driving t my parents’ hme in Missuri fr Christmas. I stpped at a gas statin (加油站) abut 50 miles frm Oklahma City, w 1 I was planning t stp t visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款臺), I said hell t an lder cuple w 2 were als paying fr gas.
I tk ff, but had gne nly a few miles when black smke pured frm the back f my car. I stpped and wndered w 3 I shuld d. A car pulled up behind me. It was the cuple I had spken t at the gas statin. They said they wuld take me t my friend’s. We chatted n the way t the city, and when I gt ut f the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrte him and his wife a thank-yu nte fr helping me. Sn afterward, I r 4 a Christmas present frm them. Their nte that came with it said that helping me had m 5 their hliday meaningful.
Years later, I drve t a meeting in a nearby twn in the mrning. In late afternn I returned t my car and fund that I’d left the lights n all day, and the battery (電池) was dead. Then I n 6 that the Friendly Frd dealership—a shp selling cars—was right next dr. I walked ver and fund tw salesmen in the shwrm.
“Just hw friendly is Friendly Frd?” I asked and explained my truble. They quickly drve a pickup truck t my car and started it. They wuld a 7 n payment, s when I gt hme, I wrte them a nte t say thanks. I received a letter back frm ne f the salesmen. N ne had ever taken the time t write t him and say thank yu, and it meant a lt, he said.
“Thank yu”—tw pwerful wrds. They’re easy t say and mean s much.
【答案】1．(w)here 2．(w)h 3．(w)hat 4．(r)eceived 5．(m)ade 6．(n)ticed 7．(a)ccept
【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了作者兩次在路上被人幫助的經(jīng)歷，他給他們寫了感謝信，并收到了積極的反饋，以此說明“謝謝”這兩個字意義重大。
1．句意：我在距離俄克拉荷馬城大約50英里的一個加油站停了下來，我打算在那里停下來拜訪一個朋友。分析句子可知，該句是含定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞指地點，關(guān)系副詞要用where，在此引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。故填(w)here。
2．句意：當(dāng)我站在收銀臺前排隊時，我向一對也在付油錢的老夫婦打招呼。分析句子“I said hell t an lder cuple ... were als paying fr gas.”可知，該句是定語從句；先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞用wh。故填(w)h。
3．句意：我停了下來，想知道我該怎么辦。根據(jù)上文“I tk ff, but had gne nly a few miles when black smke pured frm the back f my car.”可知，作者的車后面冒黑煙，所以他停下來思考自己應(yīng)該做什么；what“什么”，符合語境，引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故填(w)hat。
4．句意：不久之后，我收到了他們寄來的圣誕禮物。根據(jù)“a Christmas present frm them”可知，作者收到了那對夫婦寄來的圣誕禮物；receive“收到”，動詞；時態(tài)為一般過去時，動詞要用過去式。故填(r)eceived。
5．句意：他們附帶的便條上說，幫助我使他們的假期變得有意義。根據(jù)“helping me had ... their hliday meaningful”可知，幫助作者使得他們的假期更有意義；make“使得”，動詞；時態(tài)為過去完成時，故此處要用過去分詞made。故填(m)ade。
6．句意：然后我注意到，友好福特經(jīng)銷店——一家賣汽車的商店——就在隔壁。根據(jù)“the Friendly Frd dealership—a shp selling cars ...”可知，作者注意隔壁的一家商店；ntice“注意”，動詞；時態(tài)為一般過去時，動詞要用過去式。故填(n)ticed。
7．句意：他們不收錢，所以當(dāng)我回到家時，我給他們寫了張紙條表示感謝。根據(jù)“n payment”可知，他們不接受付款；accept“接受”，動詞；空前有“wuld”，故此處用動詞原形。故填(a)ccept。
二、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
Mst f us spend ur lives surrunded by screens, with which we manage ur wrk, ur recreatin and ur relatinships. These devices ffer us cnvenience as well as cnnectin and a lt f infrmatin. H 8 , it’s als easy t feel pressured t keep up with every message. Mre and mre peple want t take a break frm technlgy.
The phrase “digital detx” describes staying away frm TV, phnes, cmputers and ther frms f technlgy that c 9 ur lives fr a perid f time. These breaks can ccur in a variety f ways. Sme experts suggest cmpletely aviding u 10 screen time fr 30 days. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amunt f time ne can spend n certain websites. A third ptin is lgging ut in evenings and/r n w 11 . Others simply turn their phnes ff. Sme even pay high prices t take vacatins in places where they can take time ut frm technlgy.
Why d yu want t take a digital detx? Perhaps yu find that yu are spending lnger than yu plan n certain apps r that they distract yu frm mre imprtant things. Perhaps scial media is depressing because yu cmpare yurself t thers r yu f 12 missing ut n things that ther peple are enjying.
Technlgy can als have p 13 effects. Many peple experience back r neck pain and the blue light cming frm mst screens can als affect peple’s sleep.
On ne research trip, a grup f peple agreed t spend fur days w 14 their smartphnes. By the time the phne-free perid ended, many peple in the grup had made imprtant decisins abut their wrk r relatinships. Others had decided t live a healthier lifestyle. Only when they tk a break frm technlgy culd they think abut really imprtant things.
Giving up all screens may nt be realistic, but strategic breaks frm technlgy my be gd fr yur bdy, mind, emtins and relatinships.
【答案】8．(H)wever 9．(c)ntrl 10．(u)nnecessary 11．(w)eekends 12．(f)ear 13．(p)hysical 14．(w)ithut
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了我們大多數(shù)人的生活都被屏幕包圍著，越來越多的人想要遠離科技，文中介紹了“數(shù)字排毒法”，以及采用這種方法的原因。
8．句意：然而，要跟進每條信息也很容易感到壓力。空前“These devices ffer us cnvenience as well as cnnectin and a lt f infrmatin. ”與空后“it’s als easy t feel pressured t keep up with every message.”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且空后有逗號，所以用hwever“然而”。故填(H)wever。
9．句意：“數(shù)字排毒”指的是在一段時間內(nèi)遠離電視、電話、電腦和其他控制我們生活的科技產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)上文“it’s als easy t feel pressured t keep up with every message. Mre and mre peple want t take a break frm technlgy.”和“ur lives fr a perid f time”及首字母可知，此處指控制我們生活的科技產(chǎn)品，cntrl“控制，限制”符合語境，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，所以動詞用原形。故填(c)ntrl。
10．句意：一些專家建議在30天內(nèi)完全避免不必要的屏幕時間?？仗幾鞫ㄕZ修飾time，所以用形容詞，根據(jù)“staying away frm TV, phnes, cmputers and ther frms f technlgy”及首字母可知，此處指不必要的屏幕時間，unnecessary“不必要的”符合語境。故填(u)nnecessary。
11．句意：第三種選擇是在晚上和/或周末下線。根據(jù)“Others simply turn their phnes ff. Sme even pay high prices t take vacatins in places where they can take time ut frm technlgy.”及首字母可知，度假或關(guān)機應(yīng)是非工作的情況下，所以空處應(yīng)是說“周末”，n weekends“在周末”。故填(w)eekends。
12．句意：也許社交媒體令人沮喪是因為你把自己和別人比較，或者你害怕錯過別人喜歡的東西。根據(jù)“ ut n things that ther peple are enjying.”及首字母和語境可知，應(yīng)是說害怕錯過信息，fear ding sth“害怕做某事”，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是yu，所以謂語動詞用三單形式，故填(f)ear。
13．句意：科技也會對身體產(chǎn)生影響。根據(jù)“Many peple experience back r neck pain and the blue light cming frm mst screens can als affect peple’s sleep.”及首字母可知，此處指對身體產(chǎn)生影響，空處作定語修飾名詞effects，所以用physical表示“身體的”，故填(p)hysical。
14．句意：在一次研究旅行中，一組人同意在沒有智能手機的情況下度過四天。根據(jù)“By the time the phne-free perid ended”及首字母可知，空處指的是沒有手機，withut“沒有”符合語境。故填(w)ithut。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
One f the first science fictin bks published was Jules Verne’s Jurney t the Centre f the Earth, written in 1864. This ppular bk marked the b 15 f ur strng interest in science fictin. Since then, there have been bks, magazines, cmputer games, radi and TV shws and films.
A science fictin stry desn’t just fcus n the future; it fcuses n the use f science in ur future. Smetimes things that are written in science fictin stries a 16 becme true. Star Trek first appeared n televisin in 1966. The crew f the spaceship spke t each ther n small mbile devices. A rbt starred in the 1927 film, Metrplis.
In the 1982 film, Blade Runner, vide cmmunicatin was s 17 as an exciting thing f the future. This is ne f the reasns why science fictin is s ppular. It lets us think abut hw ur wrld might be in the future. It gives us ideas abut hw we might make things n the Earth better than they are n 18 . It gives us pssible slutins t prblems.
A 19 reasn is that it begins t answer sme f the biggest questins in life, questins like Are we alne in the universe? What culd we d better? Science fictin gives us the chance t think abut these questins and c 20 pssible answers.
Peple als like t get away frm their daily lives thrugh science fictin. It is d 21 t imagine a better way f ding this than reading a fantastic stry abut a place yu have never been t and creatures yu cannt imagine. It des this by making us feel that anything is pssible.
Perhaps science fictin culd als make us feel lucky t live here n the Earth. Perhaps it culd even make us take better care f ur planet.
【答案】15．(b)eginning 16．(a)ctually 17．(s)een 18．(n)w 19．(A)nther 20．(c)nsider 21．(d)ifficult
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了對科幻小說的影響及受歡迎的原因。
15．句意：這本受歡迎的書標志著我們開始對科幻小說產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣。根據(jù)“Since then”可知此處指我們開始對科幻小說產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣，the beginning f“……的開始”，故填(b)eginning。
16．句意：有時候科幻小說里寫的東西實際上會變成真的。根據(jù)“becme true”可知小說里寫的東西實際上會變成真的，此處應(yīng)填副詞修飾動詞becme，actually“實際上”符合語境，故填(a)ctually。
17．句意：在1982年的電影《銀翼殺手》中，視頻通信被視為未來令人興奮的事情。根據(jù)首字母提示可知，此處考查短語be seen as“被視為”，指被視為未來令人興奮的事情。故填(s)een。
18．句意：它給了我們?nèi)绾巫尩厍蛏系氖虑樽兊帽痊F(xiàn)在更好的想法。根據(jù)“It lets us think abut hw ur wrld might be in the future.”可知此處應(yīng)是未來跟現(xiàn)在對比，nw“現(xiàn)在”。故填(n)w。
19．句意：另一個原因是，它開始回答生活中一些最大的問題，如我們在宇宙中是孤獨的嗎？根據(jù)前文“This is ne f the reasns why science fictin is s ppular.”可知此處指另一個原因，anther“另一個”，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填(A)nther。
20．句意：科幻小說讓我們有機會思考這些問題，并考慮可能的答案。根據(jù)“think abut these questins”可知此處指考慮可能的答案，cnsider“考慮”，空前有and，此處應(yīng)與“think abut”形式保持一致。故填(c)nsider。
21．句意：很難想象有比閱讀一個關(guān)于你從未去過的地方和你無法想象的生物的精彩故事更好的方式了。根據(jù)“Peple als like t get away frm their daily lives thrugh science fictin.”可知人們也喜歡通過科幻小說來擺脫日常生活，所以此處填形容詞difficult“困難的”符合語境，在句中作表語。故填(d)ifficult。
四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
The Cst f Traveling t Antarctica
“Why d yu want t travel t Antarctica? Isn’t it very cld and very far away?”
I was asked these same questins ver and ver again when I tld my friends abut my plan t travel t the suthernmst cntinent. T be hnest, I, l 22 many ther travelers, just wanted t crss this pure-white wnderland ff my bucket list (人生愿望清單). The trip, hwever, turned ut t be a great lessn abut the Antarctic envirnment. On my way back, I culdn’t help asking myself, “Hw have I affected the Antarctic envirnment? Shuld I have even traveled t the cntinent?” Any type f travel cmes with an envirnmental cst. My guide tld me that f all means f transprt, ships had sme f the largest carbn ftprints. That means they prduce lts f greenhuse gases. In additin, the nise f ships p 23 thrugh the cean can cause serius harm t sea life.
When we travel frm ne place t anther, we spread seeds a 24 bacteria (細菌) thrugh ur clthing, bdies and luggage. Fr Antarctica, these nn-native seeds and bacteria can be very damaging. Tur peratrs try t prevent this prblem by prviding travelers with special bts. Travelers must wear them whenever they leave their ships. Their uterwear must als be cleaned b 25 it can be wrn fr landing. Hwever, when they get ht while hiking, travelers may take ff their uterwear and the clthes they wear underneath are nt usually required t be cleaned.
The increase in turism in Antarctica may als bring abut sme unknwn risks. Fr example, since there is n native human ppulatin in Antarctica, the l 26 animals are nt used t sharing their hmes with us. We may nt be able t n 27 any prblems nw, but when we begin t see changes, it may already be t late.
It was truly wnderful t see the b 28 f Antarctica with my wn eyes. Hwever, my trip did harm the Antarctic envirnment and wildlife. Befre yu decide t land n the cntinent, please think twice abut the true “cst” f yur trip.
【答案】22．(l)ike 23．(p)assing 24．(a)nd 25．(b)efre 26．(l)cal 27．(n)tice 28．(b)eauty
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了南極旅游。
22．句意：老實說，我和許多其他旅行者一樣，只是想把這個純白的仙境從我的遺愿清單上劃掉?！?ther travelers”作插入語，此處缺少介詞，like“像”，表示“像其他旅行者一樣”。故填(l)ike。
23．句意：此外，船只通過海洋時發(fā)出的噪音會對海洋生物造成嚴重危害。此處修飾ships，pass thrugh“穿過”，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示“通過海洋的船只”。故填(p)assing。
24．句意：當(dāng)我們從一個地方旅行到另一個地方時，我們通過衣服、身體和行李傳播了種子和細菌。seeds和bacteria屬于并列關(guān)系。故填(a)nd。
25．句意：他們的外套也必須清洗干凈才能穿著登陸。此處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，befre“在……之前”，表示“在登陸前”。故填(b)efre。
26．句意：例如，由于南極洲沒有土著人口，當(dāng)?shù)氐膭游锊涣?xí)慣與我們共享家園。此處修飾animals，由“sharing their hmes with us”可知，此處表示“本地的動物”，lcal“本地的”。故填(l)cal。
27．句意：我們現(xiàn)在可能無法注意到任何問題，但當(dāng)我們開始看到變化時，可能已經(jīng)太晚了。此處缺少動詞，由“see changes”可知，此處表示“看到改變”，此處應(yīng)呼應(yīng)，表示“注意到問題”，ntice“注意到”，be able t d sth“能夠做某事”，此處用動詞原形。故填(n)tice。
28．句意：親眼看到南極洲的美景真是太棒了。此處缺少名詞，由“with my wn eyes”可知，這里表示“親眼看到”，the beauty f“……的美景”。故填(b)eauty。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
“Au pair”, riginally a French term, refers t a freigner wh lives with a family, s he/she can learn the family’s language and culture, while at the same time he/she takes care f the family’s children and/r cleans the huse in return fr fd, accmmdatins (住宿) and a small s 29 . In the past few years, many yung Chinese have becme au pairs in ther cuntries, and many yung freigners have mved t China t wrk as au pairs.
R 30 , the magazine, Wmen f China, has interviewed three yung Chinese, and three freigners in China, each f whm shared his/her wn experiences as an au pair. The fllwing is frm an au pair called Natalia Martinez Perez frm Republic f Clmbia.
I am 19 years ld, and I cme frm Cali, a city in the Republic f Clmbia. I have gd relatins with my brther and cusins. I lve children, and I cnsider myself t be a happy persn, wh is able t make thers happy as well. My dream is t travel arund the w 31 , and t learn abut different cultures and languages.
I saw the beautiful scenery f China and I learned abut Chinese culture frm m 32 and dramas (戲劇) that I watched. I practiced speaking Chinese whenever I had free time. I have always been interested in travelling t China since I fell in lve with China and its culture. I respect the Chinese culture, and I want t knw mre abut it.
I was an au pair in sme ther cuntries befre I mved t China in Octber 2015. When I heard abut the chance t g t China, I immediately applied.
Nw, I live with my hst family in Shanghai. The family has a daughter. I have d 33 a gd relatinship with the girl, her parents and their relatives. The girl says she really likes me. She asks me t tell her a stry befre she ges t sleep each night.
I teach the girl English after she finishes her hmewrk. I teach her in varius ways, and she has shwed a great interest in learning English. I ck Clmbian fd fr the girl smetimes, and we als like t g shpping tgether.
Becming an au pair has p 34 a gd chance fr me t experience different cultures in different cuntries. I think I am having an a 35 experience in China.
【答案】29．(s)alary 30．(R)ecently 31．(w)rld 32．(m)vies 33．(d)evelped 34．(p)rvided 35．(a)mazing
【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了互惠生以及分享了幾個人對它的感受。
29．句意：Au Pair最初是一個法語術(shù)語，指與家人住在一起的外國人，這樣他/她就可以學(xué)習(xí)家人的語言和文化，同時他/她可以照顧家里的孩子和/或打掃房子，以換取食物、住宿和少量的工資。根據(jù)“in return fr fd, accmmdatins (住宿) and a small…”可知可以換取食物、住宿和少量的工資，此空結(jié)合首字母，可推測出是salary“工資”，前有a small修飾，用單數(shù)。故填(s)alary。
30．句意：最近，《中國的女人》雜志采訪了中國的三名中國年輕人和三名外國人，每個人都分享了自己作為互惠生的經(jīng)歷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)填副詞。聯(lián)系上下文可知，上文是背景介紹，空格后面講到的是雜志W(wǎng)men f China采訪其他人的經(jīng)歷，結(jié)合首字母可推測出是Recently“最近”。故填(R)ecently。
31．句意：我的夢想是環(huán)游世界，學(xué)習(xí)不同的文化和語言。結(jié)合首字母可推測出是travel arund the wrld意為“旅游全世界”。故填(w)rld。
32．句意：我看到了中國的美景，并從我看的電影和戲劇中了解了中國文化。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and 連接的是兩個并列成分，故應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意結(jié)合首字母可推測出，是從觀看的電影和戲劇中了解了中國的文化。 mvie意思是“電影”，用復(fù)數(shù)，故填(m)vies。
33．句意：我與這個女孩、她的父母和他們的親戚建立了良好的關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是現(xiàn)在完成時，故應(yīng)填過去分詞。根據(jù)語境可知，我跟這個女孩、她的父母和她的親戚已經(jīng)建立了很好的關(guān)系。develp意思是“建立”，其過去分詞是develped，故填(d)evelped。
34．句意：成為一名互惠生為我提供了一個在不同國家體驗不同文化的好機會。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是現(xiàn)在完成時，故應(yīng)填過去分詞。根據(jù)語境可知，成為互惠生給我提供了很好的機會。prvide意思是“提供”，其過去分詞是prvided，故填(p)rvided。
35．句意：我認為我在中國有一次令人驚嘆的經(jīng)歷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)填形容詞作定語。根據(jù)句意可知正在中國經(jīng)歷著令人驚喜的體驗。 amazing 意為“令人驚喜的”，修飾experience。故填(a)mazing。
一、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
String data(數(shù)據(jù)) has becme mre cnvenient. Thirty years ag, peple had t depend n flppy disks(軟磁盤). N 36 , all we have t d is hit the “Save” buttn n ur screens. The files will then be stred in the “clud.” It seems that we will never run ut f space. Isn’t that great?
In fact, hwever, the strage space we nw have is nt c 37 enugh. Every day, 4. 5 billin internet users create a LARGE amunt f data. By 2025, the amunt f data wrldwide will have r 38 175 zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB). Clearly, we can’t cver every piece f land n the planet with data centers. S where can we stre all f this data?
Frtunately, sme researchers have been wrking n new strage technlgies. One f these technlgies is DNA strage. DNA strage sunds futurist, but in sme ways, it’s just the ppsite. B 39 cmputers were invented, nature had been using DNA t stre infrmatin.
In 2012, researchers at Harvard University wrte a bk, 11 pictures and a cmputer prgram int human DNA．Each gram f DNA can hld 2.2 petabytes (PB．f infrmatin (1 ZB =1,048,576 PB．If DNA is kept in the right cnditin, it can keep the stred infrmatin s 40 fr a millin years.
There are still p 41 with using DNA fr data strage. Fr example, it takes lts f time t write int and read frm DNA．Scientists are trying t i 42 this technlgy. We will have t wait t see hw their effrts pay ff in the future.
【答案】36．(N)wadays 37．(c)lse 38．(r)eached 39．(B)efre 40．(s)afe 41．(p)rblems 42．(i)mprve
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。隨著電腦數(shù)據(jù)不斷增長，儲存數(shù)據(jù)的難度增加，以及DNA技術(shù)來儲存數(shù)據(jù)存在的問題。
36．句意：如今，我們所要做的就是點擊屏幕上的“保存”按鈕。根據(jù)“Thirty years ag, peple had t depend n flppy disks(軟磁盤).”以及“all we have t d is hit the ‘Save’ buttn n ur screens.”幾首字母提示可知，此處說的是現(xiàn)如今的情況，nwadays“如今”，是副詞，故填(N)wadays。
37．句意：然而，事實上，我們現(xiàn)在擁有的存儲空間還不夠緊密。根據(jù)“Every day, 4. 5 billin internet users create a LARGE amunt f data. By 2025, the amunt f data wrldwide will zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB).”及首字母提示可知，現(xiàn)在擁有的存儲空間還不夠緊密，此處用形容詞clse，故填(c)lse。
38．句意：到2025年，全球數(shù)據(jù)量將達到175ZB (1 ZB=1012 GB)。根據(jù)“the amunt f data wrldwide will zettabytes”及首字母提示可知，此處指的是reach“達到”，介紹過去的事情，動詞用過去式，故填(r)eached。
39．句意：在計算機發(fā)明之前，大自然一直在使用DNA來存儲信息。根據(jù)“cmputers were invented, nature had been using DNA t stre infrmatin.”及首字母提示可知，此處指的是計算機發(fā)明之前，befre“在……之前”，位于句首的單詞首字母要大寫，故填(B)efre。
40．句意：如果DNA保存在合適的條件下，它可以將存儲的信息安全保存100萬年。根據(jù)“If DNA is kept in the right cnditin, it can keep the stred a millin years.”及首字母提示可知，此處指的是safe“安全的”，此處是“keep sth+adj”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故填safe。
41．句意：使用DNA進行數(shù)據(jù)存儲仍然存在問題。根據(jù)首字母提示及“Fr example, it takes lts f time t write int and read frm DNA.”可知，此處指的是“有問題”，prblem“問題”，結(jié)合“There are”可知，此處名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填(p)rblems。
42．句意：科學(xué)家們正在努力改進這項技術(shù)。根據(jù)“Scientists are trying technlgy. We will have t wait t see hw their effrts pay ff in the future.”及首字母提示可知，此處說的是技術(shù)正在改進中，imprve“提升”，空前有t，此處動詞用原形，故填(i)mprve。
二、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
“Mi, Sfia!” “Terve, Aleksi!” That’s “hell” in Finland（芬蘭）. And that’s hw students and staff g 43 each ther at this Finnish schl. Students call their teachers by their first names. Anna Hanssn has gne t this schl since first grade, s she knws everybdy. Anna shuts “Mi” t her schlmates as she arrives at 7:45 in the mrning.
At her schl, Anna and her classmates d 44 , alng with their teacher, what their weekly aims, tasks, and activities will be. Students wrk at their wn pace. They dn’t always study tgether. Sme may be in their hme classrm. Others might be in a wrkshp, where they’re leaning by actually d 45 . Tday, Anna’s grup is wrking n a magazine in the wrkshp.
Anna and her classmates dn’t learn by memrizing facts. Instead, they wrk tgether t gather infrmatin. They ask their teacher fr help whenever they need t. The teacher desn’t have t tell students t behave. The class is active and busy, but the teacher is in full c 46 . Everything is in rder and everyne is behaving prperly. Parents are welcme at the schl and vlunteer in wrkshps and evening classes.
After 90 minutes, students have a break fr 30 minutes. Sn, it’s lunchtime! In Anna’s schl, students get free ht m 47 every day. Tday’s lunch is everybdy’s favurite—meatballs and mashed ptates. It is served with salad, bread and milk n the tables with flwers in vases.
Chres（日?，嵤拢﹉ave always been part f the schl life. All students d chres, which i 48 taking care f plants, cllecting trash, recycling, and cmpsting. Students help in the library and in the kitchen.
Schl is ver between 12 at nn and 2 in the afternn. Mst parents wrk, s city fficials have built utdr playgrunds and tw buildings fr yunger students t d hmewrk r play indr games while waiting t be picked up. Fr 49 students, there are clubs and hbby grups. They can study languages, learn t play instruments, and d arts and crafts.
【答案】43．(g)reet 44．(d)iscuss 45．(d)ing 46．(c)ntrl 47．(m)eals 48．(i)nclude 49．()lder
【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了在芬蘭的一所學(xué)校里學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活情況。
43．句意：那就是學(xué)生們和職員在這個芬蘭學(xué)校是如何互相問候的。根據(jù)“That’s ‘hell’ in Finland”可知他們說“Mi, Sfia”來打招呼，greet“打招呼”，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用原形。故填(g)reet。
44．句意：在她的學(xué)校，安娜和她的同學(xué)與他們的老師一起討論他們每周的目標，任務(wù)和活動是什么。根據(jù)“what their weekly aims, tasks, and activities will be”可知老師和同學(xué)一起討論目標和任務(wù)，discuss“討論”，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用原形。故填(d)iscuss。
45．句意：其他人可能在車間里，在那里他們通過實際行動來學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“where they’re leaning by actually”可知學(xué)生通過實際行動來學(xué)習(xí)，d“做”，介詞by后加動名詞。故填(d)ing。
46．句意：課堂上很活躍，很忙，但老師完全掌握著一切。根據(jù)“Everything is in rder and everyne is behaving prperly”可知課堂上一切正常，每個人都表現(xiàn)良好，因為老師掌控著課堂，in full cntrl“完全掌控一切”。故填(c)ntrl。
47．句意：在安娜的學(xué)校里，學(xué)生每天都可以得到免費的熱餐。根據(jù)“Sn, it’s lunchtime”可知午飯時間學(xué)生可以得到免費的熱餐，meal“餐”，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填(m)eals。
48．句意：所有的學(xué)生都做家務(wù)，其中包括照料植物、收集垃圾、回收利用和堆肥。根據(jù)“taking care f plants, cllecting trash, recycling, and cmpsting”可知家務(wù)包括照料植物、收集垃圾等，include“包括”，此處作謂語，which指代chres，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語動詞用原形。故填(i)nclude。
49．句意：對于年長的學(xué)生來說，有俱樂部和業(yè)余愛好團體，他們可以學(xué)習(xí)語言，學(xué)習(xí)演奏樂器，制作工藝品。根據(jù)“fr yunger students”可知此處是相對于較小的學(xué)生來說，故此處是較年長的學(xué)生，用比較級lder。故填()lder。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
Sme years ag industries had mre f 50 than they have nw, and they did nt need t be as careful as they must tday. They did nt need t wrry a lt abut the safety f the new prducts that they develped. They did nt have t pay much attentin t the health and safety f the peple wh wrked fr them. Often new prducts were dangerus fr the peple wh used them; ften cnditins in the wrk place had very bad effects n the health f the wrkers.
Of curse smetimes there were real d 51 which attracted the attentin f gvernments and which shwed the need fr changes. Als scientists wh were ding research int the health f wrkers smetimes prduced infrmatin that gvernments culd nt ignre. At such times, there were inquiries int the c 52 f the disasters r the prblems. New safety rules were ften i 53 as a result f these inquiries; hwever, the new rules came t late t prtect the peple wh died r wh became seriusly ill.
Tday many gvernments have special departments that prtect custmers and wrkers. In the U.S., fr example, there is a department that tests new airplanes and gives w 54 abut pssible prblems. It als makes the rules that aircraft prducers must fllw. Anther department cntrls the fds and drugs that cmpanies sell. A t 55 department lks at the places where peple wrk, and then reprts any cmpanies that are breaking the laws which prtect the health and safety f wrkers. Of curse, new gvernment departments and new laws cannt p 56 every accident r illness, but they are having sme gd results. Our wrk places are safer and cleaner than befre. The planes and cars that we use fr travel are better. Prducers are thinking mre abut the safety and health f the peple wh buy and use their prducts.
【答案】50．(f)reedm 51．(d)isasters 52．(c)auses 53．(i)ntrduced 54．(w)arnings 55．(t)hird 56．(p)revent
【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了工廠由于只看重生產(chǎn)而不重視工人的身體健康，導(dǎo)致很多人得了疾病，現(xiàn)在不同于過去了，生產(chǎn)廠家既改變了工人的工作環(huán)境又能保證了人們的健康狀況。
50．句意：幾年前，工業(yè)比現(xiàn)在有更多的自由，他們不需要像現(xiàn)在這樣小心翼翼。根據(jù)“and they did nt need t be as careful as they must tday.”以及首字母提示可知，幾年前，工業(yè)比現(xiàn)在有更多的自由，freedm意為“自由”。故填(f)reedm。
51．句意：當(dāng)然，有時會有真正的災(zāi)難引起政府的注意，這表明需要變革。根據(jù)“At such times, there were inquiries int the…f the disasters r the prblems. ”以及首字母可知，此處指的是“真正的災(zāi)難”，disaster意為“災(zāi)難”，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)，因此其后加s。故填(d)isasters。
52．句意：在這種時候，人們會對災(zāi)難或問題的原因進行調(diào)查。根據(jù)“At such times, there were inquiries int the…f the disasters r the prblems.”以及首字母可知，此處指的是“災(zāi)難的原因”，cause意為“原因”，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，其后加s。故填(c)auses。
53．句意：作為這些調(diào)查結(jié)果，新的安全規(guī)則經(jīng)常被引入；然而，新的規(guī)則來的太晚了，無法保護那些死去的或病重的人。根據(jù)“hwever, the new rules came t late t prtect the peple wh died r wh became seriusly ill.”以及首字母可知，此處指的是“新規(guī)則被引入”，intrduce意為“介紹，引入”，此處表示被動，因此用動詞的過去分詞形式“intrduced”。故填(i)ntrduced。
54．句意：例如，在美國，有一個部門測試新飛機，并對可能出現(xiàn)的問題發(fā)出警告。根據(jù)“It als makes the rules that aircraft prducers must fllw. Anther department cntrls the fds and drugs that cmpanies sell. ”以及首字母可知，此處指的是“發(fā)出警告”，warning意為“警告”，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)“warnings”。故填(w)arnings。
55．句意：第三個部門查看人們工作的地方，然后報告任何違反保護工人健康和安全的法律的公司。根據(jù)“A…department lks at the places where peple wrk, and then reprts any cmpanies thatare breaking the laws which prtect the health and safety f wrkers.”以及首字母可知，此處指的是“又一部門”，“不定冠詞+序數(shù)詞”表示“又，再”。故填(t)hird。
56．句意：當(dāng)然，新的政府部門和新的法律不能防止每一次事故或疾病，但是它們有一些好的結(jié)果。根據(jù)“Of curse, new gvernment departments and new laws cannt…every accident r illness,”以及首字母可知，此處指的是“阻止事故的發(fā)生”，prevent意為“阻止”，cannt后跟動詞原形。故填(p)revent。
四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
Wh says kids can’t make a difference? In Missuri, a grup f students are c 57 lives arund the wrld! Hw are they ding this? They’re buying farm animals.
Millins f peple live with little fd and mney, s the gift f an animal can a 58 save lives. Mre than 10 years ag, the secnd-graders at Frsyth Schl learned abut hw Heifer Internatinal helps peple. They decided that they wanted t help, t.
Heifer is an rganizatin that has been “turning hunger and pverty int h 59 ” fr almst 70 years. It des this by giving farm animals t pr peple and teaching them hw t use the animals t imprve their lives. The lg(徽標) f Heifer is a yung cw, and it has becme a symbl f Heifer’s wrk. That’s because families with a cw can p 60 milk that they can drink and trade ther things they need.
Animals save lives in 61 ways, t. Strng animals, such as water buffales (水牛), can plw land (犁地). Families with a water buffal can grw mre fd t eat and sell. Heifer als gives such animals as gats, sheep, camels and even bees t families in need.
Each secnd-grade class at the schl decides which animals t buy and hw much t give t special prjects. B 62 , the students raise mney by recycling cans and making jewelries. A water buffal csts $250. That needs a lt f recycled cans!
Kids can d many things t help thers. Yur class might want t raise mney fr Heifer, t. Yu might a 63 want t give away yur mney r yur time t a grup in yur cmmunity that helps peple. Why nt talk with yur classmates abut hw yur schl can help thers?
【答案】57．(c)hanging
58．(a)ctually 59．(h)pe 60．(p)rduce 61．()ther 62．(B)esides
63．(a)ls
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述一群孩子正在改變世界，他們在農(nóng)場買動物，通過了解“國際小母牛組織”來幫助窮人，讓他們擺脫貧窮。
57．句意：在密蘇里州，一群學(xué)生正在改變世界各地的生活! 根據(jù)“Wh says kids can’t make a difference?”可知，作者認為孩子可以帶來改變，change表示“改變”，由“are”可知，時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在進行時，要用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填(c)hanging。
58．句意：數(shù)以百萬的人生活在缺乏食物和金錢的環(huán)境中，所以用一只動物作為禮物事實上可以拯救生命。根據(jù)下文“Animals save lives”可知，動物確實能救人們的生命，結(jié)合“s the gift f an animal can lives”可知，此處應(yīng)該填副詞修飾謂語“can save”。actually表示“事實上”。故填(a)ctually。
59．句意：“小母牛”是一個近70年來一直“將饑餓和貧困轉(zhuǎn)化為希望”的組織。根據(jù)“It des this by their lives.”可知，“小母牛”改善他人生活，所以是把貧困變成希望。故填(h)pe。
60．句意：這是因為有奶牛的家庭可以生產(chǎn)牛奶，他們可以喝，也可以換取他們需要的其他東西。根據(jù)“That’s because families with a cw ”和首字母可知，有了奶牛，家里就可以生產(chǎn)牛奶，prduce表示“生產(chǎn)”。故填(p)rduce。
61．句意：動物也以其他方式拯救生命。根據(jù)“Strng animals, such as water buffales (水牛), can plw land (犁地).Heifer als bees t families in need.”可知，不同的動物能用其他方式改善人們的生活。ther表示“其他的”，形容詞，作定語修飾ways。故填()ther。
62．句意：此外，學(xué)生們通過回收易拉罐和制作珠寶來籌集資金。根據(jù)“Each secnd- t special prjects； students raise mney by recycling cans and making jewelries”可知，孩子們決定購買哪些動物，而且，他們通過收集易拉罐和制作珠寶籌集資金，besides“而且”。故填(B)esides。
63．句意：你可能也想把你的錢或時間捐給社區(qū)里幫助別人的團體。根據(jù)“Yur class might want t raise mney fr Heifer, t.”和首字母可知，受到班級同學(xué)影響，你可能也想把錢捐給其他公益團體。als表示“也”，置于情態(tài)動詞后。故填(a)ls。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)
Sap is everywhere. We use it every day and it plays an imprtant rle in ur lives. It als has an amazing histry. The e 64 knwn sap was used in Babyln arund 2800BC． Ancient Egyptians als made sap. At ne time, sap-making was very dangerus. That is because lye(堿液), which was used in the prcess culd cause chemical burns r even make peple blind. Other dangerus m 65 were als mixed with animal fats and ils. Later, sap became a 66 in stres and peple gradually s 67 making it in their hmes.
Originally, sap was nt m 68 used fr cleaning. Instead, it was used as gel(凝膠) fr making hair stay in place r smell gd. The Arabs first made the sap that we knw tday. They c 69 clured, liquid, and hard saps. They even had saps which were used fr shaving.
Sap became ppular in the late 1800s. Advertising in Eurpe and the US helped peple understand the cnnectin between cleanliness and gd h 70 . Nw, sap is smething we wuldn’t want t live withut.
【答案】64．(e)arliest 65．(m)aterials 66．(a)vailable 67．(s)tpped 68．(m)ainly 69．(c)reated 70．(h)ealth
【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了肥皂的發(fā)展歷程。
64．句意：已知最早的肥皂在公元前2800年左右在巴比倫使用。根據(jù)“It als has an amazing histry.”可知它也有一個驚人的歷史。結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)用earliest表示“最早的”。故填(e)arliest。
65．句意：其他危險材料也與動物脂肪和油混合。根據(jù)“That is because lye(堿液), which was used in the prcess culd cause chemical burns r even make peple blind.”可知這是因為在此過程中使用的堿液可能會導(dǎo)致化學(xué)灼傷，甚至使人失明。結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)用material表示“材料”，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填(m)aterials。
66．句意：后來，肥皂在商店里買到，人們逐漸停止在家里制作肥皂。根據(jù)“in stres”可知在商店里，結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)用available表示“可利用的”。故填(a)vailable。
67．句意：后來，肥皂在商店里買到，人們逐漸停止在家里制作肥皂。根據(jù)“sap stres”可知肥皂在商店里買到，結(jié)合首字母可知應(yīng)用stp表示“停止”，句子是一般過去時，謂語動詞需用過去式。故填(s)tpped。
68．句意：最初，肥皂不主要用于清潔。根據(jù)“Instead, it was used as gel(凝膠) fr making hair stay in place r smell gd.”可知相反，它被用作凝膠，使頭發(fā)留在原位或聞起來很好。結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)用mainly表示“主要地”，應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞used。故填(m)ainly。
69．句意：他們創(chuàng)造了彩色、液體和硬肥皂。根據(jù)“The Arabs first made the sap that we knw tday.”可知阿拉伯人首先制造了我們今天所知道的肥皂。結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)用create表示“創(chuàng)造”，句子時態(tài)是一般過去時，謂語動詞需用過去式。故填(c)reated。
70．句意：在歐洲和美國投放廣告幫助人們了解清潔與健康之間的聯(lián)系。連詞and連接兩個并列名詞，結(jié)合首字母，應(yīng)用health表示“健康”。故填(h)ealth。

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