一、名詞、代詞、冠詞
1. 思維導圖
2. 高考真題再現(xiàn)
一、2022年高考真題
1.（2022新高考I卷）
Cvering an area abut three times __________ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2.（2022全國甲卷）
____________ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
（2022年浙江 1月真題）
Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f ___________ time, they agreed.
（2022新高考二卷）
___37___ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt.
（2022.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ___62___ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and _eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
答案：.ppulatins
（2022全國乙卷）
“As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the __largest_ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a ___65___ (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
（2022全國乙卷）
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremny pening _____ _____ (it)first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth — A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.
二、2021年高考真題
（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
While yu're in China, Munt Huangshan is 10 must t visit!
（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we 2 (human) are.
（2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空）
Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and 9 (watchtwer) t take pictures...
（2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空）.
9 (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking （遠足） and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitr's memry. It sure des in 9 (I).
（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a 3 (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 4 (cnsider) healthy.
（2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空）
It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all 8 way arund the Xi'an City Wall.
（2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空）
Due t 5 grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types f trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）
9 Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family.
（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）
In 1844 they bught it fr＄ 1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their 3 (marry) ceremny in 1842.
.（2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空）
Ecturism has 3 (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s.
（2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空）
It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the 2 (develp) f the lcal areas.
（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）
She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f 6 (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder."
三、2020年高考真題
（2020·新課標 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷語法填空）
The far side f the mn is f particular 64 (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (環(huán)形山), mre s 65 the familiar near side.
（2020·新課標 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷語法填空）
Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw 69 ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 70 (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
（2020·新課標 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷語法填空）
Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
（2020·山東卷語法填空）
As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模擬) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in histry r 43（walking）(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
四、2019年高考真題
【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】
Of ___69___ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】
Everybdy wears___57___ same style f clthes.
.（2019·北京卷·語法填空）
Nervusly __facing_ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t ___3___(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
五．2018年高考真題
【2018·新課標卷I·語法填空】
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).
【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】
Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
【2018·新課標卷III·語法填空】
Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____62____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears.
【2018·新課標卷III·語法填空
】My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a ___66___(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】
Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially trublesme.
【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】
F Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in 64 (weigh) prblems.
六、2017年高考真題
【2017·新課標卷I·語法填空】
As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing.
【2017·新課標卷II ·語法填空】
It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible 61 (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and frm wrk.
【2017·新課標卷II ·語法填空】
This included digging up the rad, laying (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver 64 tp.
3. 模擬檢測
1.（2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級中學一模）
Handwriting is____5____imprtant skill that ges beynd cmmunicatin.
2.（2022·云南·一模）
It has lng been a dream fr the La peple t see their cuntry change frm a land-lcked cuntry ___15___ a “l(fā)and-linked ne”, and the pening f the new railway is a big step tward turning their dream int reality.
3.（2022·河南·模擬預測）
Water mist was sprayed ___45___ the air ,which was then crystallized (結(jié)晶) the snw with the freezing air temperature.
4.（2022·云南·一模）
The pening f the China-Las Railway will thus help speed the develpment f the China-Las Ecnmic Crridr, and will further advance the building f a China-Las cmmunity with ____20____ shared future.
5.（2022·河南·三模）
These Games are nt ____39____ end f the stry. With their perfrmance and their appearance, each f these athletes can win ver a huge new fan cmmunity fr the time after the Games.
6.（2022·重慶南開中學模擬預測）
And withut curage, we’ll never step int ____44____ unknwn.
7.（2022·重慶·一模）
They als set up the traffic signals and ___55___ series f traffic mnitring equipment.
8.（2021?漳州一中新高考模擬?語法填空?T10）
The asterid (小行星) 10930 Jinyng (1998 CR2) is named ___10___ him.
9.【江蘇省常州高級中學2021屆高三調(diào)研】
On canvas (畫布),its effect is clse ______ the art f Chinese calligraphy.
10.【湖北省武漢外國語學校2021屆高三調(diào)研】
The first suggested that chlera multiplied in the air. The secnd suggested that peple absrbed this disease ______ their bdies with their meals.
11.【遼寧省朝陽市建平縣2021屆高三9月聯(lián)考】
While it’s wnderful fr peple wh want t see what these museums ffer and teach them, it’s nt always the best fr the museums facing increasing hardships in terms ______ funding.
4. 考試技巧
【名詞的關鍵技法點撥】
語法填空解題策略:
1. 根據(jù)語境標志詞判斷名詞
(1)看到冠詞或形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞時, 要想到名詞;
(2)遇到介詞或及物動詞時要想到名詞;
(3)當看到并列連詞所連接的前或后是名詞時要想到名詞。
2. 根據(jù)規(guī)則確定名詞單復數(shù)
(1)如果空格處被these, several, many和數(shù)詞等修飾時, 要考慮用名詞的復數(shù)形式;
(2)如果一般現(xiàn)在時的謂語動詞是動詞原形或are, 要考慮用名詞的復數(shù)形式;
(3)在平時學習中要熟記名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的規(guī)則, 方能解決好此類問題。
3. 熟記常見名詞后綴:-age表示“狀態(tài);場所;費用”;-ry表示“工作場所;住處”;-lgy表示“……學;……論”;-ure表示“狀態(tài)”;-cy表示“性質(zhì);狀態(tài)”;-ery表示“境遇;狀況;性質(zhì);行為”;-ism表示“主義”;-ty表示“性質(zhì);狀態(tài);程度”。
【冠詞和代詞的關鍵技法點撥】
【關鍵技法點撥】
語法填空解題策略
在語法填空中冠詞和介詞(短語)必考, 不給出提示詞。代詞考查相對較少, 而且有時會給出提示詞或者可能填其他詞。
1. 根據(jù)泛指或特指選擇冠詞
如果空格后的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或指示代詞等限定詞時很可能填冠詞。
2. 根據(jù)固定句式或固定搭配選擇冠詞
英語中有很多帶有冠詞的固定句式或短語, 記住這些句式和短語也有利于解決此類問題。
3. 熟記常用的不定代詞, 如ne, all, bth, either, neither, each, many, much, little, few, ther, anther, smething, nthing等。
4. 人稱、物主、反身代詞: “成分”是關鍵
(1)如果句中缺少主語, 則用人稱代詞的主格;
(2)如果句中缺少賓語或表語, 則用人稱代詞的賓格;
(3)如果句中缺少定語, 則用形容詞性物主代詞;
(4)如果賓語或表語又反射到句子主語, 則用反身代詞。
5. 知識點拓展
1. 名詞
考點1.可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)
(1)規(guī)則變化:一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。
(2)不規(guī)則變化
考點2 不可數(shù)名詞
1. 不可數(shù)名詞量的表達
不可數(shù)名詞一般不能直接用不定冠詞或數(shù)詞修飾，而應與特定的單位名詞連用來表示量的概念，如：a cup f tea, fur pieces f bread等。
2. 抽象名詞的具體化
這類名詞如果僅僅表示某種概念，是不可數(shù)名詞；如果表示具體的人或事，就成了可數(shù)名詞，前面常加不定冠詞，如：pleasure, help, hnr, surprise, success, failure等。有些抽象名詞在具體化時，還可以用復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如：n pains, n gains；表示特指時，可與定冠詞連用。
3. 學科名詞和集體名詞的意義
(1)有些學科名詞以s結(jié)尾，但表示單數(shù)意義，如：physics, maths, plitics等。
(2)有些集體名詞通常只用于表示復數(shù)概念，如：plice, peple, cattle等。
(3)有些集體名詞在表示整體時為單數(shù)概念，在表示集體中的各個成員時為復數(shù)概念，如：class, family, cuple, audience, gvernment, public等。
考點3 名詞所有格
1. 表示有生命物體的名詞所有格
(1)一般在詞尾加’s，如：the by’s bag, men’s rms等。
(2)以s結(jié)尾的詞直接加’，如：the wrkers’ struggle， the students’ reading rm等。
(3)并列名詞表示各自所屬時，在名詞后都加’s，如：Jhn’s and Mary’s rms(約翰和瑪麗各自的房間)；表示共同所屬時，在最后一個名詞后加’s，如：Jhn and Mary’s rm(約翰和瑪麗共同的房間)。
(4)在表示店鋪、餐館、診所的名稱或某人的家時，其所有格后面的名詞可省略，如：at the dctr’s在診所，at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。
2.f所有格的用法
考點4 名詞作定語
1. 名詞作定語時一般用單數(shù)，表示類別、處所、材料、身份、性別、功能、用途等。例如：stne figures石像， paper mney紙幣， bk stres書店， evening dress晚禮服。
2. 有些情況下，也可用復數(shù)作定語。例如：a gds train貨運列車， tw men dctrs兩個男醫(yī)生， a clthes shp服裝店， a sales manager銷售經(jīng)理。
3. “數(shù)字＋連字符＋名詞”作定語時，名詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：a five-year plan一個五年計劃，a ten-mile walk一段十英里的路程。
考點5 名詞與固定搭配
名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配主要有兩類：“動詞＋名詞”和“介詞＋名詞”。常見短語如下：
make preparatins fr, make friends with, give regards t, make bth ends meet, fix ne’s eyes upn/n, in great demand，in high spirits，in agreement with，pay attentin t，keep pace with，attach imprtance t，gain/have an advantage ver，make a/n/sme difference
2.代詞：
考點1 人稱代詞；物主代詞；反身代詞
考點2
考點3 常見代詞用法比較
1. each, bth, all, either, any, neither, nne用法辨析
2. ne, it, that, thse用法辨析
3. ther, anther, thers用法辨析
4. many, much, sme, any, little, few用法辨析
考點4 it的用法
冠詞
1：考點梳理
定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別；
不定冠詞a，an的區(qū)別；
零冠詞的使用；
常見搭配中的冠詞；
特指與泛指時冠詞的使用。
2：考點詳解
考點1 不定冠詞a(n)
1. 用于泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個。
The village where I was brn has grwn int a twn.
2. 用于第一次提到或出現(xiàn)的名詞前，表泛指，不特別指明具體情況。
There is a cup n the desk, but the cup isn’t mine.
3. 用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。
I have three bks, and I want t buy a furth ne.
4. 用于形容詞的比較級前，表示“一個更……的”。
If we sit near the frnt f the bus, we’ll have a better view.
5. 用于姓名、星期名稱前，表示“某個名叫……的人，一個跟某人相仿的人，某人的作品、發(fā)明”或“某個星期幾”。
Experts think that the recently discvered painting may be a Picass. 專家們認為這幅新發(fā)現(xiàn)的油畫或許是畢加索的畫作。
6. 用于表示價格、速度、比率等的名詞前表示“每一”。
He wrks eight hurs a day.
7. 用于物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞具體化時。
這類名詞僅表示概念時，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面要加不定冠詞。具有此用法的名詞有：success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, cmfrt, hnur等。
surprise驚奇 → a surprise 一件意想不到/令人驚奇的事
failure失敗 → a failure 一個失敗的人；一件失敗的事
success成功 → a success 一個成功的人；一件成功的事
rain雨 → a heavy rain 一場大雨
注意：?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, wrd(消息), prgress, infrmatin, news, equipment, wealth等。這些不可數(shù)名詞一般不與不定冠詞連用。
考點2 定冠詞the
表示某一類人或物
The hrse is a useful animal.
用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前
the universe,the mn,the Pacific Ocean
表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事
Wuld yu mind pening the dr?
用于樂器前面
play the vilin,play the guitar
用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人
the rich,the living,the wunded
表示“一家人”或“夫婦”
the Greens,the Wangs
用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞、副詞比較級、最高級前
He is the taller f the tw children.
用于國家、黨派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前
the United States,the Cmmunist Party f China,the West Lake
用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前
The cmpass was invented in China.
在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀的某個年代
in the 1990s
用于表示單位的名詞前
I hired the car by the hur.
用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞以及表示時間的詞組前
He patted me n the shulder.
考點3 零冠詞
1. 不含普通名詞的專有名詞或表示泛指的抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前通常不加冠詞。
Rck climbing is f great fun. Yu will get clse t nature and take adventures at the same time.
2. 表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、學科、語言、球類、棋類以及三餐等的名詞前，常用零冠詞。
He had nthing fr breakfast this mrning.
Spring cmes after winter.
3. 表示獨一無二的職位、職務、頭銜的名詞在句中作表語、補足語、同位語時，其前通常不加冠詞。
We made him mnitr f ur class.
4. 在“單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as/thugh”引導的讓步狀語從句中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。
Gd chice as/thugh it may be, he has decided t give it up.
5. turn意為“變?yōu)?，成為”時，后面作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。但是becme意為“變?yōu)?，成為”時，后面作表語的單數(shù)名詞前加不定冠詞。
His dream is t turn lawyer while his sister’s is t becme a dancer.
6. 名詞前已有this, that, my, yur, sme, each, n, any等指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格時，其前不加冠詞。
I want that bk abut cars.
考點4 固定搭配
1：all f a sudden突然;as a matter f fact事實上;nce a week每周一次;at a lss不知所措,茫然;be n a visit參觀,拜訪;be/g n a diet節(jié)食;give sb.a lift讓某人搭便車;have a gift fr...在……方面有天賦;have a gd time玩得開心;have a wrd with...與……談話;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way從某種意義上說;make a living謀生;take a walk散步;take an interest in...對……感興趣;take/have a rest休息一會兒;a cuple f兩三個; a bit一點; nce upn a time從前;many a time許多次
2：at the mment此刻,目前;at the same time同時;by the way順便說一下;n the spt當場;make the best/mst f...充分利用……;in the distance在遠處;in the end最終;in the habit f有……的習慣;the ther day前幾天;n the ne hand...,n the ther hand...一方面……,另一方面……;t the pint中肯,切題
3：in fact事實上;fr example例如;in danger在危險中;with pleasure高興地;in time及時;in fear恐懼地;at wrk在上班;at dinner在吃飯;after schl放學后;at first起初;at last最終;by hand手工做的;pay attentin t注意;set fire t放火;take pride in以……為豪;take care f照顧;take ffice就職;take part in參加;in twn在城里; mind牢記;in truble處在麻煩中;n ft步行;leave wrd留言;n time按時;catch sight f看見;d harm t對……有害;lse weight減肥

二、介詞
1. 思維導圖

2. 高考真題再現(xiàn)
2022-2018年高考真題
1.（2022年新高考1卷）
Giant pandas als serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物種), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China.
2.（2022全國甲卷）
He flew 4, 700 kilmeters ___69___ Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, planning t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
3.（2022全國乙卷）
May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially ___61___ the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019.
（2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空）
It was built riginally t prtect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred（修復）.
5.（2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空）Due t the grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types 6 trips are nw being classified as ecturism.
6.（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空）The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in wmen and men.
7.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空） In 1844 they bught it 2 ＄ 1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser...
8.（2020·新課標 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷語法填空）Oranges: Orange trees are mre 64 decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth.
9.（2020·新課標 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷語法填空）The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mther Nature.
10.（2020·山東卷語法填空）Museums must cmpete 45 peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements.
11.（2020·浙江卷語法填空）Sme time after 10，000 BC，peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived 56． ，thrugh agriculture.56．
12.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】Mdem methds ___63___ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
13.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dgs，seven t be exact.
14.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】But can unifrms help imprve schl standards? The answer ___61___ this questin is nt clear.
15.【2018·新課標III卷·語法填空】I was searching ___67___ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving.

3. 模擬檢測
1.（2022·廣東廣州·一模）
Fr Lucy, nthing beats traveling, which she described ______59______ her favrite part f being alive.
2.（2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級中學一模）
Studies have shwn that students wh use handwriting t take ntes in class remember infrmatin better—imprving their scres____7____as much as 15 percent.
3.（2022·陜西省榆林中學二模）
____23____ ther wrds, just “l(fā)ie flat”.
4.（2022·重慶·一模）
It began n January 19 and finished ___56___ the early mrning f January 20.
5.（2021·諸暨市5月模擬·語法填空·T5）
Scientists say that anther 26.5 trillin punds will be prduced wrldwide ___5___ 2050.
6.（2021·成都三診·語法填空·T8）
After taking my pulse, lking at my tngue, and asking a few questins ___8___my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist crrectly reasned that I was wrn-ut.
7.（2021?珠海市二模?語法填空?T9）
Analysis f elements in the relics indicates surces similar ____9____ thse f ther cultures alng the Yangtze River.
8.（2021?肇慶市三模?語法填空?T2）
Changes t water resurces can have a big impact ____2____ peple's lives.
9.（2021?玉林市一模?語法填空?T10）
“Accusing the British ____10____ having n sense f humr is like telling Rlls-Ryce that its cars are dwn-market.”
10.（2021?永春縣第三次聯(lián)考?語法填空?T7）
“Tu’s winning the prize signifies China’s prsperity and prgress in scientific and technlgical field, marks a great cntributin f traditinal Chinese medicine ____7____ the cause f human health and shws China’s grwing strengths and rising internatinal standing,” Premier Li Keqiang said in a cngratulatry letter n Mnday evening.
11.【遼寧省遼陽市2021屆高三模擬】
It's nt actually just fr grandparents, but it's als t give grandparents an pprtunity t shw lve ______ their children's children.
12.【遼寧省遼西地區(qū)2021屆高三大聯(lián)考】
We use bicycles tday fr recreatin, fitness and s n. ______ the bicycle, much f the wrld might stp wrking!
13.【遼寧省葫蘆島市2021屆高三模擬】
The ride lasts several minutes. It travels frm the security area t the barding gate______ a speed f 3. 5 kilmeters per hur.
14.【江蘇省如皋市2021屆高三調(diào)研】
This results in the accidental entry ______ freign bjects.
15.【江蘇省海安高級中學2021屆高三五調(diào)】
In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called n a grup f students in a park t test whether adding regular laughter t peple’s lives wuld imprve their well-being, Kataria als intrduced deep breathing and simple yga mves______ the exercises.
16.【湖南省長沙一中2021屆高三四調(diào)】
I was remarkable hw a cmmunity lst s much and was still able t recver, and this left the deepest impressin______ the students.
17.【湖北省宜昌市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】
A tp fficial tld Xinhua. “______ (give) the difficulties experienced this year, the prgress being made by Beijing 2022 has been unusual.
18.【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】
It began ______a sprt enjyed mainly by very rich peple.
19.【湖北省孝感高級中學2021屆高三調(diào)研】
S trying t build clse cnnectins______a few peple shuld be a pririty(優(yōu)先考慮的事情).
20.【湖北省武漢市武昌區(qū)2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】
Xing, a visually disabled yung wman wh started learning the pian at the age f 6, said her idl was Beethven, wh went cmpletely deaf later and their physical challenges led bth f them t establish a cnnectin with the utside wrld ______music.
21.【廣東省深圳外國語學校2021屆高三四調(diào)】
Fllwing his recent rise t fame, Rizea has been asked by many cities, including the capital f Rmania t transfrm their ld tree trunks ______ wrks f art.
22.【廣東省華南師大附中2021屆高三調(diào)研】
If a wman is ______ 40, r even if she is 80, her birthday is always the 39th. If she is in her thirties, her birthday will be the 29th.
23.【廣東省華南師大附中2021屆高三調(diào)研】
And in her twenties, it’s the 19th. They usually have their “real” birthday when they are ______20.
24.【廣東省2021屆高三四校聯(lián)考】
When we lk up ______ the night sky, we see stars, the twinkle f a mving satellite and ccasinally a distant planet.
25.【福建省福州一中2021屆高三調(diào)研】
Elephants are nt fans f strangers. Hwever ,Chen and his clleagues can take nly three days ______ every mnth.
4. 考試技巧
【介詞的關鍵技法點撥】
“四種方法”確定介詞
(1)根據(jù)介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關系;
(2)根據(jù)語境含義結(jié)合介詞用法;
(3)根據(jù)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關系, 如接復合賓語就只能用with或withut;
(4)根據(jù)介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞等的搭配。

5. 知識點拓展
一、 表示“時間”的介詞
1. at, n, in
(1) at表示“在某一時刻，某一時點”。如：
I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6點起床。
注：at daybreak在黎明at nn在中午
at night在夜間at Christmas在圣誕節(jié)期間
at the age f five在五歲時
(2) n表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：
I heard a sht n (the mrning f ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我聽到一聲槍響。
We dn’t have classes n Sunday. 星期天我們不上課。
(3) in表示“在某世紀、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：
in the 20th century在20世紀in 1999在1999年
in winter在冬季in September在九月
in the mrning/afternn/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
【巧學妙記】
at用在時刻前，亦與正午、午夜連，黎明、終止和開端，at與之緊接著相伴。
周月季年長時間，in須放在其前面， 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后邊。
n指特定某一天，日期、星期和節(jié)日前 某天上下和夜晚，依然要在n后站。
今明昨天前后天，上下這那每之前，at、in、n都不用，此乃習慣記心間。
注：“上下這那每之前”是指“l(fā)ast/next/this/that/every”之前。
2. fr, during, thrugh
(1) fr后接“一段時間”，表示某事持續(xù)多久，多與完成時連用。如：
She has been ill fr several days. 她已經(jīng)病了幾天了。
(2) during表示“在……期間”。如：
I went t France fr tw weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法國兩個星期。
(3) thrugh表示“一直……，自始至終”。如：
They wrked hard thrugh the winter. 整個冬天他們都在努力工作。
3. frm, since
(1) frm表示“時間的起點”，可譯作“從……”，多用于“frm…t/till…”中。如：
Yu can cme anytime frm Mnday t Friday. 周一至周五你什么時間來都行。
(2) since表示“自從……以來（直到現(xiàn)在）”。如：
We have knwn each ther since ten years ag. 我們十年前就認識了。
注意：
fr和since都常與完成時連用，但fr接時間段，since接時間點。如:
fr tw hurs（持續(xù)）兩小時since last week從上周直到現(xiàn)在
4. befre, by, till, until
(1) befre指“在……之前”，與after相對。如：
Please cme befre ten ’clck. 請10點以前來。
(2) by指“不遲于，到……時為止，在……以前”。如：
We had learned ver 1000 wrds by the end f last term.
到上學期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學了1000多個單詞了。
We will have learned 2000 English wrds by the end f this term.
到本學期結(jié)束前，我們將學了兩千英語單詞了。
注：by后接過去時間，常與過去完成時連用；by后接將來時間，常與將來完成時連用。
(3) till (until) “直到……為止”。 在肯定句中，till/until必須與延續(xù)動詞連用；在否定句中，till/until常與非
延續(xù)性動詞連用。如
I didn’t g t bed until 12 ’clck. 直到12點我才睡。
Yu must wait fr him till tmrrw. 你必須一直等到他明天。
5. after, in, within
(1) in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：
a. 用in時要具備兩個條件：用于將來時；后接時間段
I’ll arrive in an hur. 我一小時后到達。
b. after既可用于將來時，也可用于過去時
He gt a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌癥，一年后去世了。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 會議將在下午三點后結(jié)束。
(2) within“在……時間之內(nèi)”。強調(diào)事情發(fā)生的全過程不超出某一時間，沒有時態(tài)的限制。如：
I can finish it within an hur. 我不需一小時就可把它做完。
二、 表示“地點、方位”的介詞
1. at, n, t, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近，旁邊
in 表示 在大地方; 在……圍之內(nèi)
n 表示毗鄰，接壤
t 表示在??范圍外，不強調(diào)是否接壤
He arrived at the statin at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east f China.
Russia live n the nrth f China.
Fujian is t the suth f Jiangsu Prvince.
2. abve, ver, n
abve 指在……上方,不強調(diào)是否垂直，與 belw相對；
ver指垂直的上方,與under相對,但ver與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸；
n表示某物體上面并與之接觸。
The bird is flying abve my head.
There is a bridge ver the river.
He put his watch n the desk.
3. alng, thrugh, acrss
(1) acrss 和 thrugh 都可表示“橫過”或“穿過”，前者主要表示從某物的表面“橫過”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者則表示從某個空間“穿過”，涉及“體”的概念。如：
He walked acrss the rad carefully. 他小心地走過馬路。
He walked thrugh the frest alne. 他獨自一人走過森林。
有時 acrss 表示“橫過”也可在“體”內(nèi)進行，但此時它仍與thrugh 有差別：前者表示從某個“體”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿過兩端。如：
He walked acrss the hall. 他從大廳的一端走到另一端。
He walked thrugh the hall. 他穿過大廳。
(2)alng 表示“沿著”，通常用于狹長的東西。如：
I saw him running alng the rad. 我看見他沿著這條路跑。
4. between, amng
between一般指“兩者之間”
amng用于三個或三個以上的人或物之中，或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中間”。如：
Between the dr and the windws there is a map. 門和窗戶的中間有一張地圖。
They hid themselves amng the trees. 他們躲在樹林中。
三、其他介詞
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介詞 by, with, n
（1）by用某種方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽車,
by e-mail. 通過電子郵件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具時,用by時不用冠詞,用in時要用冠詞。請比較:
I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽車去的那兒。
（2）with表示“用某種工具”。如:
He brke the windw with a stne. 他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。
注意:with表示用某種工具時,必須用冠詞或物主代詞。
（3）n表示“以……方式”,多用于固定詞組。
They talked n the telephne. 他們通過電話進行交談。
She learns English n the radi/n tv. 她通過收音機/電視學英語。
2. 表示關于的介詞 f, abut, n
(1) f僅是提到或談到過某人或某事。如:
He spke f the film the ther day. 他前幾天提到了這部影片。
(2) abut指“關于”某人或某事物的較詳細的情況。如:
Can yu tell me smething abut yurself? 你能告訴我一些關于你自己的事情嗎?
(3)n指“關于”學術(shù)性的或嚴肅的事。如:
It’s a textbk n the histry f china. 它是一本有關中國歷史的教科書。
3. 表原因或理由的介詞fr, at, frm, f, with, by, because f
(1)fr表示原因,常與srry, famus, punish, praise, thank, blame等詞連用。如:
I am srry fr what i said t yu. 我后悔不該對你講那些話。
(2)at指情感變化的原因,意為“因聽到或看到而……”。如:
He was surprised at the news. 聽到這消息他大吃一驚。
(3)frm指“外在的原因”,如受傷、車禍等。如:
He died frm the wund. 他因受傷而致死。
(4) f指“內(nèi)在的原因”,如病、餓等。如:
The ld man died f hunger. 老人死于饑餓。
(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。如:
Hearing the news, he jumped with jy. 他們聽到這個消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。
Her bdy was bent by age. 他因年老背彎了。
She tk yur umbrella by mistake. 我因弄錯拿了你的雨傘。
(7)because f 表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。如:
He retired last mnth because f illness/because he ill.
考向2 介詞短語
常見的介詞搭配：
1. “介詞＋ 名詞”型
(1) in 構(gòu)成的短語
in advance 在前頭，事先，預先 in case 如果，萬一
in charge主管，掌管，看管 in cmmn共有，共同，公有
in demand有需要的 in dubt 感到疑惑的，難以確定的
in effect實際上，生效 in fact事實上
in rder按序，井然有序，情況良好； 恰當 in prgress進行中
in return作為回報 in vain徒勞
in turn依次，替換地；相應地，轉(zhuǎn)而
(2) n構(gòu)成的短語
n guard 在值勤 n leave在休假
n hliday在度假 n strike罷工
n sale出售 n lan借貸
n the mve在移動，搬遷；離開 n the march在行軍
n the g正在活動，正在奔走 n the air正在廣播
(3) beynd構(gòu)成的短語
beynd ne's pwer是某人力所不及的 beynd praise夸不勝夸
beynd ne's reach夠不著 beynd descriptin難以形容
beynd wrds無法用語言形容 beynd dubt無疑
beynd ne's understanding 無法理解
(4) under構(gòu)成的短語
under develpment 在發(fā)展中 under bservatin在觀察中
under test在測試中 under cnstructin在建設中
under examinatin在檢查(調(diào)查)中 under cnsideratin在考慮中
under repair在修理中
(5) at 構(gòu)成的短語
at length 詳細地，長時間 at sea茫然
at will任意地 at wrk在上班
at lunch在吃午飯 at rest在休息
at table在吃飯 at schl上學
at church做禮拜 at peace處于和平狀態(tài)
(6) ut f 構(gòu)成的短語
ut f breath 上氣不接下氣 ut f balance失去平衡
ut f date過時 ut f patience不耐煩
ut f cntrl失去控制 ut f business破產(chǎn)
ut f style過時，不時髦 ut f the rdinary不尋常的
ut f tuch失去聯(lián)系
2． 復雜介詞型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作狀語), 意為“由于，因為”。
because f：表示實際原因(表達一種較強的因果關系)；
n accunt f：常用來引述邏輯、理性和事實因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exceptin f＝ except, except fr“除……之外”；
apart frm (＝美式英語中的aside frm)是個復合介詞，既可表示“除……之外”，相當于except (fr), 又可以表示“除……之外，(還，也)”，相當于besides；
in additin t“除……之外(還，也)”，相當于besides。
(3) 表示“有關，關于”。
cncerning=regarding“關于，就……而論，在……方面”；
with respect t“關于，就……而言”；
as fr和as t用于句首時表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead f=in advance f，可表示“(在空間或時間上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 還可表示“領先，優(yōu)于”；
in frnt f 多指空間的前后關系，“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持，贊成”。
in supprt f 維護，支持，支援；
in favr f 可指某人“支持，贊成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鑒于，由于；根據(jù)，按照”。
in the light f 按照，考慮到 in terms f 就……而言，談到
accrding t 根據(jù)；按照 in view f 鑒于，因為
(7) 表示“盡管”。
in spite f 盡管，不管
三、模擬演練
1.（2022·湖南·雅禮中學一模）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
With the rapid develpment f third-party mbile payment tls, ___1___increasing number f cnsumers acrss China are using cashless payment methds.
Transactins(交易)___2___(invlve) third-party mbile payments rse by 39. 1 percent in the first quarter f 2021 cmpared ___3___ the previus quarter t 74 trillin yuan. Althugh China has the mst third-party payment accunts in the wrld, it is nt the first cuntry ___4___(seek) a cashless sciety. Develped states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapre are als witnessing that increase.
Hwever, the rapid develpment f cashless payments des nt mean there are n challenges and criticisms. Alibaba’s Hema Fresh Stre, ___5___ custmers can shp, dine and rder gds fr delivery frm their mbile phnes via Alipay, ___6___(cme) int the sptlight recently. Media reprts say that cnsumers can’t purchase gds with cash there, which wuld be cnsidered ___7___(legal).
Alipay and WeChat Pay, the natin’s tw majr third-party mbile payment tls, have als launched ___8___(campaign) t encurage mre merchants and custmers t use cashless payment methds, which has caused cncerns ver ___9___ cash will sn disappear.
Hwever, experts believe that a cashless sciety des nt mean that cash will ____10____(cmplete) disappear. As the ecnmy grws, the circulatin f cash is still very huge. In the lng term, varius payment methds will be used by cnsumers, and merchants shuld respect cnsumers’ payment habits.
（2022·海南·模擬預測）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Last mnth, I went t China t travel. While ____11____ (d) sme research abut the trip, I discvered that Chengdu had the pandas, s I decided t g there.
On my sixth day, I finally had a chance ____12____ (visit) the pandas! I didn’t g t the famus panda reservatin in Wlng, but t Chengdu Research Base f Giant Panda Breeding directly, which is much ____13____ (clse), because I had heard that peple might nt see the pandas in Wlng but I wanted t be sure t see these cute fellws. At 7:30 a.m. I ____14____ (jin)a grup f five fellw panda ____15____ (fan) and we set ff. My friends, ____16____ had visited the pandas befre, tld me abut ____17____ active the pandas were, always playing arund. Hwever, all we saw them ding was sleeping and eating. I thught they must be tired, because mst f them ____18____ (bare) mved. A few minutes later, a ____19____ (sleep) panda came dwn ____20____ his tree huse t the grund. He was abslutely lvable.
（2022·山西省長治市第二中學校模擬預測）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Our cat is dead. My daughter, ____21____ is just tw years ld, knws this. But she keeps asking where it’s gne and what has happened t it.
My parents ____22____(be) straightfrward m admitting they didn’t knw what happened after ur death when I asked them in my childhd. But I want t give my daughter a slightly ____23____(gd) answer t her questin abut the tpic than ____24____(they).
One day when she asked the same questin, I tld my daughter that the cat was ut in the field, I tld her that when animals, including peple, died, they were usually put int the grund and that their bdies became ____25____(variety) pretty flwers, grasses and trees. I passed my hand ver her blnde hair, gently tuched her rsy cheeks and checked her ____26____(react). She didn’t appear ____27____(truble). Instead, she seemed excited by the thught f ne day becming a flwer.
Then, I reached ____28____ my daughter’s hand and asked her ____29____(take) a walk in the field. Tgether, we saw new leaves grwing in the sun and pretty flwers waving in the gentle wind. Suddenly, I realized that althugh we were bund t becme plant fertilizer, we were nt the lnely humans aimlessly wandering in the wrld. We were a part f the earth. We were cnnected by the beautiful plants in _____30_____ field.
（2022·江西景德鎮(zhèn)·模擬預測）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
A unique exhibitin f paintings pened at the Shanghai Mental Health Center n Thursday — all the 49 paintings are created by three hspitalized artists with schizphrenia.
With the theme f “l(fā)ud hailer”, the exhibitin ffers peple with the mental disrder a chance t express themselves artistically and allws their vice ____31____(hear) by the public, fficials frm the center said. This can aruse ____32____(aware) and prmte better understanding and supprt fr peple with mental diseases, they added.
“Lud hailer means tw-way cmmunicatin. These paintings are created by patients ____33____ have been hspitalized fr a lng time. They live in a ____34____(relative) clsed envirnment. S we want t use this exhibitin t achieve cmmunicatin ____35____ these hspitalized artists and the audience,” said Chen Mengyuan, the curatr.
Dr Xie Bin frm the Shanghai Mental Health Center said the exhibitin als aims t remve the stigma(污名) ____36____(attach) t peple with schizphrenia.
“We hpe mre peple with mental disease will becme ____37____(schlar), artists and even great scientists like Jhn Nash thrugh medical treatment and a gd ____38____(sciety) envirnment.”
Nash was an American mathematician wh ____39____(award) the 1994 Nbel Prize fr Ecnmics and whse life as _____40_____ schizphrenia patient was described in the mvie A Beautiful Mind, based n his bk f the same name.
（2022·重慶南開中學模擬預測）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個恰當?shù)膯卧~或者括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The 9, 000-plus vlunteers at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games have played ___41___vital rle in ensuring that all aspects f life fr the sprtsmen, bth n and ff the field f play, have gne ___42___(smth).
T meet the diverse needs f the para ___43___(athlete) and all participants, the vlunteers ___44___(g) thrugh a strict training prgram, which included training fr basic medical and first-aid, hw t use wheelchairs, and the ___45___(guide) n when t prvide assistance and ___46___t cmmunicate best.
Liu An’ an is ne f the vlunteers t have als served at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games. Back then, Liu was a sphmre student at university. Nw, 14 years later, she is still at university but this time she acts ___47___a lecturer, leading a team f her wn students as vlunteers at Beijing 2022.
Liu has spent ver 150 days training and ___48___(participate) in these Games. She is ___49___(respnsibility) fr the traffic permits f all srts f transprtatin vehicles, and needs t crdinate with ver 100 different departments, including venues media, transprtatin and security.
“Becming a vlunteer ____50____has served bth at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games and the Beijing 2022 Winter Games is a great hnr fr me, and I feel a strng sense f pride and respnsibility,” said Liu.
（2022·福建省龍巖第一中學一模）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Researchers have discvered that peple eat mre vegetables if the veggies have fancy labels. A research team frm Stanfrd University fund that sales f vegetables increased after they were given ther names -- even thugh ____51____was n difference in the way the vegetables ____52____(prepare). The researchers cnducted their research n 600 diners fr several ____53____(mnth) at the university canteen. They labelled all vegetable dishes in fur ____54____(differ) ways each day: basic, healthy restrictive, healthy psitive and indulgent放縱/任性的. The basic label just listed the vegetable name like crn. The healthy restrictive categry used wrds such ____55____reduced-sdium (鈉) crn. Vitamin-rich crn was used fr the healthy psitive. And a ____56____(describe) like rich buttery rasted sweet crn was reserved fr the indulgent.
Researchers gave diners a wide chice f vegetables t see hw effective the ____57____(delicius) descriptive labels were. They fund that making the labels indulgent increased the number f peple wh chse ____58____(put) the vegetables n their plate, as well as the amunt f vegetables ____59____(cnsume). Diners chse the indulgent labeling 25 percent mre than the basic labeling, 35 percent mre than the healthy psitive labeling and 41 percent mre than the healthy restrictive ptin. A researcher said: “Labels really can influence ur sensry experience, affecting _____60_____tasty we think fd will be.”
7 .閱讀下面短文，
在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
What des a beautiful persn lk like? Well, it depends n whm yu ask and 41. they are frm.
Much like the way peple with straight hair want 42. (curl) hair r thse with pale skin lie in the sun trying t get a suntan (曬黑), peple ften find themselves mre attractive when 43. (visit) anther cuntry.
Recently a pst went ppular n the US questin website Qura. It asked, “Have yu ever been cnsidered mre attractive in a cuntry 44. than yur wn?”
Many replies made 45. clear just hw much mre attractive they were cnsidered in ther cuntry, and why.
Llyta frm Indnesia wrte, “In my hme cuntry, I am nt cnsidered beautiful, 46. when I went t Eurpe I gt a lt f attentin.” Pja Gautam frm Nepal shared a similar experience. Wmen with lighter skin always gt mre attentin than she 47. in her cuntry. But in Pland, she has gtten 48. (usual) high levels f attentin frm lcals. “Tanning salns (曬黑沙龍) are a big thing in Plish cities,” she wrte. “Sme Plish peple find it hard t believe 49. I tell them that many Nepalese peple carry 50. (umbrella) n ht, sunny days t stp their skin frm turning darker.”
8.閱讀下面短文，
在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
My friend had a chance t make a trip t Hng Kng 51. August 15,2015. He had dreamed abut 52. (visit) it since his byhd and it was the first time that he 53. (be) there. The fllwing was 54. he had seen.
55. (arrive) there, he was 56. (shck) by its beautiful scenery and tall buildings. 57. we all knw, Hng Kng has the mst skyscrapers in the wrld. Wherever he went, he saw many smiling faces. Peple in Hng Kng were kind, generus, easyging and ready t help thers. Much t his surprise, he saw that peple there always kept rder in public places. 58. a great number f peple were waiting fr the next train at the subway statin, they were talking in such a lw vice as nt t disturb thers.
Chinese and English are the fficial languages f Hng Kng. English is 59. (wide) used in gvernments, markets, service centers and ther fields.
Staying there fr a week was a gd experience fr him, 60. he wuld never frget.
9.閱讀下面短文，
在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
We’ve all turned t sad music t make us feel 61. (gd)at sme pint in ur lives, but why des dubling dwn n the sadness help drag us ut f the mire(泥沼 )？
A new study sheds light n what’s ging n inside ur brains 62. we match ur music t ur feelings. It lks like sad music can be enjyable -rather than 63. (simple) depressing- because it triggers psitive memries that can help t lift ur md. Psychlgist Adrian Nrth frm Curtin University in Australia says there 64. (be)tw grups f pssible65. (explain)fr why we enjy listening t sad music like this: ne frm scial psychlgy, and ne frm cgnitive neurscience(認知神經(jīng)學).
In terms f scial psychlgy, ne way f 66. (think) abut this is that we feel much better abut 67. (we) if we fcus n smene wh’s ding even wrse, a prcess knwn as dwnward scial cmparisn. Everything’s ging t be kay, because this persn 68. (have) an even wrse day than yu are.
Anther thery frm scial psychlgy is that peple like t listen 69. music that mirrrs the tne f their current life circumstances -the sngs act as 70. srt f tuning frk(音叉) fr ur wn situatins and they resnate(共鳴) with us.
10.閱讀下面短文，
在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
He's an ld cbbler(修鞋匠 ) with a shp in a histric area in Paris. When I tk him my shes, he tld me, "I haven't time. Take them t 71. ther fellw n the main street."
Just lking at his bench 72. (lad) with tls and pieces f leather, I knew the craftsman(手藝人) was rather73. (skill).“N，”I replied，“ the ther fellw can’t d it well.”
“The fellw he mentined is ne f thse shpkeepers wh fix shes and make keys withut knwing much abut mending shes r making keys.”They wrk 74. (careless)and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap (鞋帶). yu might as well just threw away the pair. The reasn75. I wanted t have my shes repaired in the shp is that the man wrks very carefully.
The man 76. (have)me write my name n ne she with a piece f chalk and said “Cme back tmrrw.”
I was abut t leave77. he tk a pair f sft leather78. (bt)ff a shelf.
"See what I can d? "he said with pride. “Only three 79. us in Paris can d this kind f wrk.”
The cbber was smething ut f an ancient legend, this ld craftsman with his way f speaking familiarly, his very strange, dusty hat, his funny accent and, abve all, his pride in his craft.
In such a perid it is a rare cmfrt t find a cbbler wh gets his greatest80. (satisfy)frm pride a jb well dne.
規(guī)則
例詞
一般在詞尾加-s
map—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days
以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es
class—classes,bx—bxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes
以-f或
-fe結(jié)尾
的詞
變-f和-fe為v再加-es
leaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,laf—laves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves
加-s
belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,prf—prfs,rf—rfs
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-es
party—parties,family—families,stry—stries,city—cities
以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加-s
ty—tys,by—bys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys
以輔音字母加-結(jié)尾的名詞
一般加-es
her—heres,ptat—ptates,tmat—tmates
不少外來詞加-s
pian—pians,pht—phts,kil—kils
兩者皆可
zer—zers/zeres
vlcan—vlcans/vlcanes
msquit—msquits/msquites
規(guī)則
例詞
以元音字母加-結(jié)尾的名詞加-s
radi—radis,bamb—bambs,z—zs
以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s
truth—truths,muth—muths,mnth—mnths,path—paths
規(guī)則
例詞
改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式
man—men,wman—wmen,ft—feet,gse—geese,muse—mice
單復數(shù)相同
species,sheep,deer,series,means,wrks,fish,li,yuan,jin
只有復數(shù)形式
ashes,trusers,clthes,thanks,gds,glasses,cmpasses,cntents
一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)
peple,plice,cattle,staff
部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復數(shù)(成員)
audience,class,family,crwd,cuple,grup,cmmittee,gvernment,ppulatin,crew,team,public,enemy,party
復數(shù)形式表示特別含義
custms(海關),frces(軍隊),times(時代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件,報紙),manners(禮貌),lks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)
表示
“某國
人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Eurpeans
單復數(shù)同形
Swiss,Prtuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-wman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-wmen
Englishmen,Frenchwmen
合成
名詞
將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)
sns-in-law,lkers-n,passers-by,stry-tellers,by friends
無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)
grwn-ups,husewives,stpwatches
將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)
wmen singers,men servants
用于無生命的東西
the legs f the chair,the cver f the bk
用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長定語時
the classrms f the first-year students
用于名詞化的詞
the struggle f the ppressed
人稱
單復數(shù)
主格
賓格
形容詞性物主代詞
名詞性物主代詞
反身代詞
第一人稱
單數(shù)
I
me
my
mine
myself
復數(shù)
we
us
ur
urs
urselves
第二人稱
單數(shù)
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurself
復數(shù)
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurselves
第三人稱
單數(shù)
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
It
It
Its
its
itself
復數(shù)
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
指示代詞
this,that,these,thse,such,sme
疑問代詞
wh,whm,whse,which,what,whever,whichever,whatever
關系代詞
that,which,wh,whm,whse,as
不定
代詞
普通不定代詞
ne/ sme/ any,each/ every,nne/ n,many/ much,few/ little/ a few/ a little,ther/ anther,all/ bth,neither/ either
復合不定代詞
smething,anything,nthing,everything,smebdy,anybdy,nbdy,everybdy, everyne, n ne/nne,smene,anyne
相互代詞
each ther,ne anther
全體都
each
兩者及以上每一
與nt連用表部分否定
bth
兩者全都
all
三者及以上全都
全體中任一
either
兩者任一
與nt連用表全部否定
any
三者及以上任一
全體都不
neither
兩者都不
表全部否定
nne
三者及以上都不
ne
泛指同類事物
替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)為nes。
it
特指同一事物
替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可指代前面整個句子內(nèi)容。
that
特指同類事物
替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，同the ne，或替代不可數(shù)名詞，后接f。
thse
特指同類事物
替代復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，同the nes，后接定語或接f結(jié)構(gòu)。
ther
(兩者之中)另一個或(三者以上)其余。ne... the ther表“兩者中一個……另一個……”；還用于(數(shù)詞＋)ther＋名詞。
anther
作形容詞，后接單數(shù)名詞，表“另一，又一”；還用于anther＋數(shù)詞＋復數(shù)名詞。
thers
表泛指，the thers指“剩余全部”，常見形式sme...(the) thers。
許多
many
修飾名詞復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)。
much
修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；作副詞修飾比較級。
一些
sme
修飾名詞，常用于肯定句中。與復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用，表“一些”；修飾單數(shù)名詞，表“某一”；作副詞，用于數(shù)詞前，表“大約”。
any
修飾名詞，用于否定句和疑問句中，與不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)名詞連用；用于肯定句中時，修飾單數(shù)名詞，表“任一”；作副詞修飾比較級。
少量
(a)little
修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；作副詞修飾比較級；nt a little表“非常，很”，而nt a bit表示“一點也不”。
(a)few
修飾名詞復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)。
非人稱
代詞
It’s quite ht here in summer,isn’t it?
It’s early midnight nw.We’d better g t bed.
It’s abut an hur’s drive frm here t Nanchang.
指代日期、時間、季節(jié)、天氣、溫度、距離、重量、環(huán)境、情況等
形式
成分
形式
主語
It is difficult t understand why she barks every minute she is utside.
真正的主語由不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句充當
形式
賓語
Susan made it clear t me that she wished t make a new life fr herself.
真正的賓語由不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句充當
強調(diào)
句型
It was under the bed that my brther hid the ball this mrning.
It is Mr Bell wh/that ften cmes and lks after the ld man.
指人時可以用wh或that,其他情況一律用that

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這是一份【熱點題型】2024高考英語二輪專題訓練之題型歸納+演變 專題04 高頻語法之非謂語動詞與語法填空試卷，文件包含專題04高頻語法之非謂語動詞與語法填空原卷版docx、專題04高頻語法之非謂語動詞與語法填空解析版docx等2份試卷配套教學資源，其中試卷共55頁， 歡迎下載使用。

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【熱點題型】2024高考英語二輪專題訓練之題型歸納+演變 專題03 高頻語法之動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)與語法填空試卷
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【熱點題型歸納+演變】2024年高考英語專題訓練 專題01 無提示詞類之冠詞、介詞、代詞-試卷
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