第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每句所給的ABCD四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
If yu suddenly find yurself wrking frm hme r anther remte lcatin, yu're ging t miss thse interactins with ther peple. Vide cnferencing can help by allwing yu t talk face-t-face, even if it is via a screen. Jitsi is ne f thse free vide cnferencing apps yu can use t cnnect.
Jitsi is a set f pen-surce prjects that allws yu t easily build and deply secure videcnferencing slutins. At the heart f Jitsi are Jitsi Videbridge and Jitsi Meet, which let yu have cnferences n the internet, while ther prjects in the cmmunity enable ther features such as audi, dial-in, recrding, and simulcasting.
Jitsi started life as a way t talk t peple ver the internet using audi and vide. Over the curse f a decade, thugh, it's becme s much mre. Tday, Jisi is:
A vibrant develper cmmunity.
First and fremst, Jitsi is a cmmunity f develpers that are pushing the envelpe f vide cnferencing quality n the web.
The fundatin f sme really amazing prducts.
The cmmunity members have develped cuntless prjects and prducts that started with Jitsi cde.
A crazy gd, cmpletely free vide cnferencing slutin that anyne can use.
Jitsi is a favrite videcnferencing slutin fr anyne with privacy cncerns, jurnalists, fr example. There's a reasn s many peple use Jitsi Meet as a Skype alternative fr vide cnferencing.
Unlike ther videcnferencing technlgies, Jitsi Videbridge, the heart f Jitsi, passes everyne’s vide and audi t all participants, rather than mixing them first. Currently, Jitsi supprts a maximum f up t 75 participants per call, althugh perfrmance may suffer with mre than 35. The prject is wrking n “ging beynd 100” participants at nce. The service supprts phne in audi participants in bth the hsted and self-hsted versins. The service supprts screen sharing and has mbile apps fr iPhne and Andrid.
Nw Jitsi has surpassed 10 millin mnthly average users. There are n extra payments t Jitsi, and the prject remains free thanks t 8x8 (a cmpany), which uses the technlgy in its wn prducts.
1．The central services f Jitsi lie in ________.
A．a(chǎn) set f pen-surce prjectsB．wrld's best vide cnferences
C．free features like audi and dial-inD．Jitsi Videbridge and Jitsi Meet
2．Frm the passage, we knw ________.
A．Jitsi helps with the privacy prblem in videcnferencing
B．Jitsi mixes everyne's vide and audi t all participants
C．Jitsi supprts screen sharing in the hsted versin
D．Jitsi wrks n 100 participants at mst right nw
3．Jitsi is a cmpletely free app because ________.
A．it has surpassed 10 millin mnthly average users
B．8x8 uses the technlgy in its wn prducts
C．nly paid apps can ensure users' privacy
D．users have limited access t Jitsi
B
We have learned t expect that trains will be punctual. After years f cnditining (習慣), mst f us have develped an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by strms; flights may be cancelled because f bad weather; but trains must be n time. Only an exceptinally heavy snwfall might temprarily dislcate railway services. It is all t easy t blame the railway authrities when smething des g wrng. The truth is that when mistakes ccur, they are mre likely t be urs than theirs.
After cnsulting my railway timetable, I nted with satisfactin that there was an express train t Westhaven. It went direct frm my lcal statin and the jurney lasted a mere hur and seventeen minutes. When I barded the train, I culd nt help nticing that a great many lcal peple gt n as well. At the time, this didn’t strike me as dd. I reflected that there must be a great many peple besides myself wh wished t take advantage f this excellent service. Neither was I surprised when the train stpped at Widley, a tiny statin a few miles alng the line. Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled (慢吞吞地動) at statin after statin, I began t wnder. It suddenly dawned n me that this express was nt raring dwn the line at ninety miles an hur, but barely chugging (咔嚓咔嚓地響) alng at thirty. One hur and seventeen minutes passed and we had nt even cvered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had nt even heard f it. I determined t ldge a cmplaint as sn as we arrived. Tw hurs later, I was talking angrily t the statin master at Westhaven. When he denied the train’s existence, I brrwed his cpy f the timetable. There was a nte f triumph (勝利) in my vice when I tld him that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he tld me t lk again. A tiny asterisk (星號) cnducted me t a ftnte at the bttm f the page. It said: “This service has been suspended.”
4．What is mst peple’s faith in trains?
A．They rarely fail us in their punctuality .
B．They trick passengers fr varius reasns.
C．They are just as reliable as ships and flights.
D．They never cme up t ur expectatins.
5．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 suggest?
A．I wasn’t interested.B．I wasn’t surprised.
C．I was quite annyed.D．I was deeply impressed.
6．Which f the fllwing wrds best describes the authr’s experience?
A．Pleasant.B．Rewarding.
C．Thrilling.D．Disappinting.
7．Wh r what was t blame fr the authr’s taking the “wrng” train?
A．The railway authrities.B．The authr himself.
C．The railway timetable.D．The statin master.
C
While many peple aren't getting enugh calcium, new research cautins that sme peple may have the ppsite prblem: They culd be getting t much. Americans spend mre than $1 billin a year n calcium supplements in hpes f delaying steprsis the brittle bne disease that cripples many elderly wmen and sme men. Yet recent studies link calcium supplements t a higher risk f heart attacks. Last mnth, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Frce issued a draft recmmendatin against taking calcium and vitamin D, saying there wasn't enugh evidence f benefit t justify the risk.
Fr generatins f Americans wh grew up encuraged t drink milk t maintain strng bnes, the reprts raised trubling questins: Is calcium nt s imprtant after all?! Are the supplements unsafe? And hw much is t much? “It's gtten very cnfusing but it desn't need t be,” says Ethel Siris, directr f the Tni Stabile Osteprsis Center in New Yrk. Hw much calcium peple need varies by age and gender.“Adults generally need 1,000 mg daily, rising t 1,200 mg fr wmen ver 50 and men ver 70, accrding t guidelines issued in 2010. Children need 1,300 mg daily during the peak grwing years f 9 t 18.”
Peple als need sufficient levels f vitamin D t absrb the calcium. The IOM recmmends 600 interactinal units a day fr mst adults, and 800 daily after age 70, althugh many physicians recmmend mre. It is difficult t take in that much vitamin D frm fd surces, s experts say many peple shuld take vitamin D in supplement frm.
Getting adequate calcium frm fd is easier. Fr example, 8 unces f milk r 6 unces f ygurt has 300 mg f calcium, and ne cup f spinach has 270 mg.
But studies linking calcium supplements t heart attack have made experts mre cautius f excess calcium than befre. A study f 24,000 Germans published in the jurnal Heart last mnth, fund that thse wh gt their calcium exclusively frm supplements were mre than twice as likely t have a heart attack as thse wh tk n supplements.
Exactly hw calcium supplements might cntribute t heart attacks baffles cardilgists. “Nbdy has assciated the calcium in yur bldstream with calcificatin in yur arteries," says Nieca Gldberg, medical directr f the Jan H. Tisch Center. Still, she says she nw urges patients get their recmmended calcium frm fd than frm supplements t avid pssible prblems.
Osteprsis experts als urge patients nt t take mre than the recmmended amunt f calcium. “Peple shuld definitely stp taking tw big calcium supplements a day,” says Dr. Dawsn-Hughes. Even if the risks remain unclear, taking mre than the bdy can absrb desn't benefit bnes, “s it's nt wrth any risk.” She adds.
8．Accrding t the new studies, taking much calcium might ________.
A．delay agingB．build muscles
C．cause heart prblemsD．cure bne diseases
9．What is Ethel Siris' pinin n taking calcium?
A．Taking calcium supplements is unsafe.
B．Adults need mre calcium than children.
C．Age and gender determine hw much calcium is needed.
D．It is safer t take calcium frm fd than frm supplements.
10．What des the underlined wrd "baffle" in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．InterestB．Amaze
C．FrightenD．Puzzle
11．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Taking tw calcium supplements a day is gd fr health.
B．It might be wiser t take recmmended calcium frm fd.
C．It is easy fr peple t btain enugh Vitamin D frm fd.
D．The benefits f taking calcium supplements utweigh its risks.
D
The wrld’s clcks mark every passing secnd, minute and hur. But t humans, secnds f pain can feel like minutes, and hurs spent at a party can end in a blink.
The brain can stretch r squeeze the feeling f time fr many reasns, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Althugh the science behind this “subjective time” is nt fully understd, sme research suggests that an additinal factr might influence the subjective length f yur life: yur incme.
Research already suggests that, n average, wealthy peple live lnger, bilgically. Nw, emerging wrk indicates that varied and nvel experiences culd create mre “time cdes (編碼)” in the human brain as it prcesses memry frmatin. This, in turn, culd mean that peple wh can affrd t enjy mre vacatins and hbbies, and wh have mre stimulating jbs, will recall having lived fr a lnger time n Earth.
“Even thugh time flies when yu’re having fun, when yu lk back n it, yu can remember much mre f this extended experience cmpared t a bring experience,” says Jrgen Sugar, a pstdctral student at the Nrwegian University f Science and Technlgy's Kavli Institute fr Systems Neurscience. He’s part f a team f scientists investigating these mental time cdes.
The idea that nvelty can affect the experience f time als seems t fit cultures that dn't measure time using clcks — many cultures rely instead n celestial (天空的), cultural and seasnal events t mark the flw f time. “Our experience f time des vary accrding t circumstances, and als accrding t the kind f rhythm f activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cgnitive (認知) scientist wrking with Hunan University wh has studied s called “event-based time” in Amaznian tribes and linguistic minrity grups in China.
But ther experts aren’t cnvinced. Accrding t Mnica Capri, an ecnmist with a backgrund in neur-ecnmies at Claremnt Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understd scientifically. Even if higher-paid jbs can lead t mre new experiences, wealthy peple aren’t necessarily spending mney that way. A millinaire, fr instance, may spend mney n a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely t change their feeling f time the way a vacatin r even a lw-cst hike wuld, she says.
What’s mre, she says, there are many factrs t cnsider in hw the brain prcesses time. Fr instance, accrding t Adrian Bejan, a prfessr at Duke University, the nvelty f fun experiences an simply war ff.
Still, researchers frm many fields are eager t uncver the mysteries f memry and subjective time. Accrding t Sugar, understanding hw humans frm and recall memries can affect many aspects f sciety, such as law, educatin and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid ur understanding f urselves. “The human brain is the mst cmplex bilgical system we knw,” he says.
12．What d we knw abut “subjective time” frm the passage?
A．It has nthing t d with ne’s incme.
B．Its pace is influenced by a persn’s md.
C．It is a thing that is cmpletely understd.
D．It marks every passing secnd fr a persn.
13．Hw can incme influence a persn accrding t sme researchers?
A．Wealthy peple tend t engage mre in remembering things.
B．Wealthy peple may feel life is relatively lnger psychlgically.
C．Wealthy peple tend t have a better memry than pr peple.
D．Wealthy peple usually need mre time t prcess memry frmatin.
14．What is Mnica Capra’s pinin?
A．She is nt cnvinced that mney can extend subjective time,
B．She desn’t believe that wealthy peple can buy gd memries.
C．She thinks that the excitement f fun experiences can hardly wear ff.
D．She dubts whether higher-paid jbs can lead t mre new experiences.
15．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Researchers are explring the mysteries f memry.
B．Many factrs can influence hw yu feel time.
C．Yur subjective time may depend n yur incme.
D．The brain can change yur feeling f time.
第二節(jié) （共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Cat behavir can ften be puzzling and cnfusing t humans. 16 Veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren shares her expertise n sme cmmn and strange cat behavirs t help yu understand why yur cat behaves the way it des.
Scratching is a natural behavir fr cats. It’s hw they make their paws sharper. If cats d nt have a suitable surface t scratch, they will chse yur furniture r carpet. T prtect yur furniture, prvide at least tw scratching psts. These psts need t be stable s they dn’t rck r tip ver. 17 Cats tend t scratch when they wake in the mrning, s place ne pst clse t where they sleep.
Cats lve high places, which give them a sense f safety and allw them t watch everything ging belw. 18 And make sure yu have several cat items in frnt f windws s yur cat can lk utside. If yur cat can watch frm high up and see the wrld utside f his hme, he is less likely t climb nt the kitchen cupbard and knck dwn the bwls.
19 They have the surprising ability t tie themselves in knts withut any difficulty. They curl up in uncnventinal beds, like vases, because they have special bnes n the back that allw them t d this. And they take great pride in shwing this t yu cntinuusly.
If cats eat grass, there are several reasns. They may be seeking the nutrients in the grass have an upset stmach, inducing vmiting (催吐). It is nt a prblem if yur cat enjys eating ensure it hasn’t been treated with pesticides. Alternatively, ffer yur cat a pt f clean cat grass t chew, especially indr cats. 20 If yu have any cncerns abut yur cat’s behavir r frequency vmiting, please talk with yur vet.
A．Sleeping psitins f cats are unusual.
B．They need nutrients in the grass mre.
C．Having a rugh surface is als required.
D．This is available frm mst plant gardens.
E．Hwever, there’s ften an explanatin fr their actins.
F．Meanwhile, high places ffer them larger space t jump.
G．Put up several shelves s yur cat can leap frm ne t anther.
第三部分 語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 30分）
第一節(jié)（共15 小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
I was taking a nap(小睡)when a lud nise wke me. Outside the windw in a parking lt, a car had just backed up int a chain-link fence. The fence bent ut in exactly the 21 f the car’s back end.
A shrt man wearing a shirt unbuttned t 22 his chest gt ut f the car, with a shaven head. I disliked him 23 . After a few secnds f 24 the damage, the man tried t repair that. He first attempted t pull the 25 fence back int place, but it wuldn’t mve. I tk a drink frm the glass, 26 cheering. Then he pulled against the fence’s supprt ple, which bent 27 and was mre likely t recver. But the ple suddenly brke. I laughed ut lud this time. This was 28 . He went back t his car. He must be ging t leave all the 29 behind fr smene else t tidy up.
That, I thught, wuld be the 30 . But he reappeared a few minutes later with sme tls and gt t wrk using them. He fixed the fence, and even imprved it using a supprt bar bught frm a nearby grcery. Nw it wuld be extra 31 , strnger than befre.
This man was actually a 32 fr me, and I was the lazy ne. My 33 assumptins were all abut myself. I wuldn’t fix that fence and wuld 34 . Years later, I still lk ut f my windw at that fence. It still lks new. And it makes me 35 what else that man has made better, and hw I can make myself mre like him.
21．A．shapeB．psitinC．caseD．directin
22．A．cverB．prtectC．exerciseD．expse
23．A．n sightB．n demandC．by accidentD．by cntrast
24．A．witnessingB．handlingC．a(chǎn)ssessingD．dismissing
25．A．fixedB．ruinedC．stableD．nticeable
26．A．deliberatelyB．immediatelyC．silentlyD．wildly
27．A．slightlyB．easilyC．severelyD．merely
28．A．impressiveB．tughC．ridiculusD．strange
29．A．evidenceB．chasC．structureD．failure
30．A．endB．cstC．planD．waste
31．A．beautifulB．secureC．usefulD．cmplex
32．A．victimB．vlunteerC．mdelD．master
33．A．shallwB．primaryC．unusualD．uncaring
34．A．drp utB．leave ffC．run awayD．turn arund
35．A．predictB．wnderC．dubtD．a(chǎn)ccept
非選擇題部分（共55分）
第二節(jié)單句語法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
36．She requested that n ne ________ (tell) f her decisin until the next meeting. (所給詞的適當形式填空）
37．Tw factries were clsed in an attempt ________ (cut) csts. (所給詞的適當形式填空）
38．It remains t be seen ________ we can put aside differences and fcus n cmmn interests. (用適當?shù)脑~填空)
39．The ________ (injure) man tried t speak but sn drifted int uncnsciusness. (所給詞的適當形式填空）
40．China is a develping scialist cuntry ________ (belng) t the third wrld. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
41．The prject was running late wing ________ unfreseen circumstances. (用適當?shù)脑~填空)
42．D me ________ favr—— can yu feed my cat this weekend? (用適當?shù)脑~填空)
43．It was recgnized that these ________ (slve)culd nly be temprary. (所給詞的適當形式填空）
44．The schl is ________ (legal) respnsible fr yur child’s safety. （所給詞的適當形式填空）
45．________ is even mre imprtant is that they d nt make their teachers' duties light enugh. (用適當?shù)脑~填空)
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
46．假定你是學校英文報記者李華，近期你校正在舉行創(chuàng)建美麗校園活動，請你以"Beautiful Campus，Better Life" 為題，寫一篇新聞稿報道本次活動。
內(nèi)容包括∶1. 活動目的；2.活動內(nèi)容∶創(chuàng)建環(huán)保與文明校園；3. 師生評價
注意∶1. 詞數(shù)80左右，標題不計入總詞數(shù)；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Beautiful Campus, Better Life
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二節(jié)（滿分 25分）
47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的短文。
With all her big brthers and sisters ff t schl, ur farm became a lnely place fr urthree-year-ld daughter, Becky. She lnged fr playmates. We prmised t buy her a puppy but in the meantime, "pretend" puppies ppped up nearly every day.
I had just finished washing the lunch dishes when the dr slammed and Becky rushed in, cheeks flushed with excitement. "Mama!" she cried," Cme see my new dggy! I gave him water tw times already. He's s thirty!"
I sighed, anther f Becky's dgs.
"Please cme, Mama." She pulled my jeans, her brwn eyes begging, "He's crying—and he can't walk!" "Can't walk?" An unexpected change! All her previus imaginary dgs culd d amazing things such as balancing a ball n the end f its nse and dancing n a tightrpe. Why suddenly a dg that culdn't walk? "All right, hney," I said. By the time I tried t fllw her, Becky had already disappeared int the bushes.
"Where are yu?" I called.
"Over here by the ak stump（橡樹樁）. Hurry, Mama!"
I parted the branches and raised my hand against the glare f the sun. A numbing chill （寒戰(zhàn)） gripped me.
There she was, sitting n her heels, cradled （抱著）in her lap was the unmistakable head f a wlf!
"Becky," My muth felt dry. "Dn't mve." I stepped clser. Pale-yellw eyes narrwed. Black lips tightened. Duble sets f tw-inch sharp teeth were expsed. Suddenly the wlf trembled. Its teeth clacked, and a painful cry rse frm its thrat.
"It's all right, by,"Becky cmfrted lvingly."Dn't be afraid. That's my mama, and she lves yu, t."
注意∶1. 續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為 150左右;
2. 開頭已經(jīng)給出。
Paragraph 1：
Taking a clser lk, I fund the wlf stuck deep inside the stump.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
With Becky safe in my arms, I ran t ur dctr Brian fr help.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．D 2．A 3．B
【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了一款免費的視頻會議應用程序Jitsi。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“At the heart f Jitsi are Jitsi Videbridge and Jitsi Meet, which let yu have cnferences n the internet, while ther prjects in the cmmunity enable ther features such as audi, dial-in, recrding, and simulcasting.”(Jitsi的核心是Jitsi videbridge和Jitsi Meet，它們可以讓您在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上召開會議，而社區(qū)中的其他項目可以實現(xiàn)其他功能，如音頻、撥號、錄音和同步廣播。)可知，Jitsi的中心服務位于Jitsi Videbridge和Jitsi Meet。故選D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A crazy gd, cmpletely free vide cnferencing slutin that anyne can use.”部分第一句“Jitsi is a favrite videcnferencing slutin fr anyne with privacy cncerns, jurnalists, fr example.”(對任何有隱私擔憂的人來說，例如記者，Jitsi是一個最受歡迎的視頻會議解決方案。)可知，Jitsi有助于解決視頻會議中的隱私問題。故選A。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“There are n extra payments t Jitsi, and the prject remains free thanks t 8x8 (a cmpany), which uses the technlgy in its wn prducts.”(Jitsi沒有額外的付款，由于8x8（一家公司）在自己的產(chǎn)品中使用了這項技術(shù)，該項目仍然免費。)可知，Jitsi是一個完全免費的應用程序，因為8x8在自己的產(chǎn)品中使用了這項技術(shù)。故選B。
4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。敘述了大家對火車準時有不可動搖的新年，講述了因為自己的快車晚點之后對服務提出投訴后，發(fā)現(xiàn)是自己沒有看好火車時間表的故事。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二三句“ After years f cnditining (習慣), mst f us have develped an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by strms; flights may be cancelled because f bad weather; but trains must be n time. (經(jīng)過多年的習慣，我們大多數(shù)人對鐵路時刻表產(chǎn)生了不可動搖的信念。船只可能因風暴而延誤；航班可能因天氣惡劣而取消；但是火車必須準時)”可知，大多數(shù)人對火車的信仰是他們很少在守時方面讓我們失望。故選A。
5．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句前一句“When I barded the train, I culd nt help nticing that a great many lcal peple gt n as well.(當我登上火車時，我禁不住注意到許多當?shù)厝艘采狭塑?”和后一句“I reflected that there must be a great many peple besides myself wh wished t take advantage f this excellent service.(我想，除了我自己之外，一定還有很多人希望利用這項出色的服務)”可推知，劃線句子說明了我一點也不驚訝。故選B。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第五行句子“ I determined t ldge a cmplaint as sn as we arrived. Tw hurs later, I was talking angrily t the statin master at Westhaven.(我決定一到就提出投訴。兩小時后，我正憤怒地與威斯特海文的站長談話)”可知，這次經(jīng)歷是令作者生氣失望的。由此推知，最能描述作者的經(jīng)歷的是：失望。故選D。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Glancing at it briefly, he tld me t lk again. A tiny asterisk (星號) cnducted me t a ftnte at the bttm f the page. It said: “This service has been suspended.”(他瞥了一眼，讓我再看一眼。一個小小的星號把我?guī)У巾撁娴撞康囊粋€腳注。上面寫著：“這項服務已經(jīng)暫停?！?”可知，作者沒有看清楚服務說明火車時間表，就默認為這次列車是特快列車。由此推知，作者乘錯了火車，該怪作者自己。故選B。
【點睛】閱讀理解解題步驟:首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意。因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料。
其次,細讀題材,各個擊破,掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性,對于捕獲到的信息,要做認真分析,仔細推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準。
8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B
【分析】這是一篇說明文。最近的研究表明，鈣補充劑與心臟病發(fā)作的高風險有關(guān)。專家們建議人們從食物中攝取推薦的鈣，而不是從補充劑中，以避免可能出現(xiàn)的問題。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Yet recent studies link calcium supplements t a higher risk f heart attacks.”(然而，最近的研究表明，鈣補充劑與心臟病發(fā)作的高風險有關(guān)。)可知，根據(jù)新的研究，攝入過多的鈣可能會導致心臟問題。故選C。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第五句“Hw much calcium peple need varies by age and gender.”(人的鈣需求量因年齡和性別而異。)可知，Ethel Siris認為年齡和性別決定了鈣的需求量。故選C。
10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“Nbdy has assciated the calcium in yur bldstream with calcificatin in yur arteries”(沒有人將血液中的鈣與動脈鈣化聯(lián)系起來)和最后一句“Still, she says she nw urges patients get their recmmended calcium frm fd than frm supplements t avid pssible prblems.”(盡管如此，她說她現(xiàn)在還是敦促患者從食物中攝取推薦的鈣，而不是從補充劑中，以避免可能出現(xiàn)的問題。)可知，Nieca Gldberg并不確定鈣補充劑是否會導致心臟病發(fā)作，也就是說心臟病學家并不知道鈣補充劑如何導致心臟病發(fā)作，所以baffles意為“使困惑”。故選D。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Still, she says she nw urges patients get their recmmended calcium frm fd than frm supplements t avid pssible prblems.”(盡管如此，她說她現(xiàn)在還是敦促患者從食物中攝取推薦的鈣，而不是從補充劑中，以避免可能出現(xiàn)的問題。)可知，從食物中攝取推薦的鈣可能更明智。故選B。
12．B 13．C 14．B 15．A
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對“主管時間和人類記憶”的探索與研究。
12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The brain can stretch r squeeze the feeling f time fr many reasns, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Althugh the science behind this “subjective time” is nt fully understd, sme research suggests that an additinal factr might influence the subjective length f yur life: yur incme.(大腦會因為許多原因而延長或擠壓時間的感覺，包括快樂、痛苦、恐懼和年齡。雖然這種“主觀時間”背后的科學原理還沒有被完全理解，但一些研究表明，還有一個額外的因素可能會影響你的主觀壽命：你的收入)”可知，“主觀時間”的節(jié)奏受人的情緒影響。故選B項。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Research already suggests that, n average, wealthy peple live lnger, bilgically. Nw, emerging wrk indicates that varied and nvel experiences culd create mre “time cdes (編碼)” in the human brain as it prcesses memry frmatin. This, in turn, culd mean that peple wh can affrd t enjy mre vacatins and hbbies, and wh have mre stimulating jbs, will recall having lived fr a lnger time n Earth. (研究已經(jīng)表明，從生物學角度來看，富人平均壽命更長?，F(xiàn)在，新的研究表明，在人腦處理記憶形成的過程中，各種各樣的新奇經(jīng)歷可以創(chuàng)造出更多的“時間代碼”。反過來，這可能意味著，那些有能力享受更多假期和愛好的人，以及擁有更多刺激工作的人，將回憶起在地球上生活的時間更長)”可知，根據(jù)一些研究人員的說法，富人往往比窮人有更好的回憶。故選C項。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“A millinaire fr instance may spend mney n a fancy watch, but this isn't likely t change their feeling f time the way a vacatin r even a lw-cst hike wuld.(例如，百萬富翁可能會花錢買一塊漂亮的手表，但這不太可能像度假甚至是一次低成本的徒步旅行那樣改變他們對時間的感覺)”可知，Mnica Capra不相信有錢人可以買到美好的回憶。故選B項。
15．主旨大意題。通讀全文以及文章最后一段“Still researchers frm many, fields are eager t uncver the mysteries f memry and subjective time.(盡管如此，許多領(lǐng)域的研究人員仍渴望揭開記憶和主觀時間的奧秘)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹的是研究人員正在探索記憶的奧秘。故選A項。
16．E 17．C 18．G 19．A 20．D
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于貓咪一些常見和奇怪行為的專業(yè)知識。
【詳解】1.根據(jù)上文“Cat behavir can ften be puzzling and cnfusing t humans.”(貓的行為常常令人費解和困惑。)，結(jié)合下文“Veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren shares her expertise n sme cmmn and strange cat behavirs t help yu understand why yur cat behaves the way it des.”(獸醫(yī)Katrina Warren博士分享了她關(guān)于一些常見的和奇怪的貓咪行為的專業(yè)知識，以此來幫助你理解為什么你的貓咪會有這樣的行為。)可知，貓的行為雖然常常令人費解，但是獸醫(yī)Katrina Warren博士分享了一些專業(yè)知識幫助你理解貓咪的這些行為，由此可以推斷出空處應該是承上啟下，雖然貓的行為看似令人費解，但是它們的行為卻能夠被解釋，E選項“Hwever, there’s ften an explanatin fr their actins.”(然而，它們的行為通常都有原因的。)符合，承上啟下，故選E。
2.根據(jù)上文“T prtect yur furniture, prvide at least tw scratching psts. These psts need t be stable s they dn’t rck r tip ver.”(為了保護你的家具，至少提供兩個劃痕樁。這些樁子需要穩(wěn)固，這樣它們才不會搖晃或翻倒。)可知，為了保護家具，要給貓準備劃痕樁，樁子需要穩(wěn)固，這是對樁子的一些具體要求，C選項“Having a rugh surface is als required.”(表面粗糙也是必要的。)也是對樁子的一些具體要求，與上句是并列關(guān)系，故選C。
3.根據(jù)上文“Cats lve high places, which give them a sense f safety and allw them t watch everything ging belw.”(貓喜歡高處，這給了它們一種安全感，讓它們可以看到下面的一切。)可知，貓喜歡高處，所以可以推斷出空處應該是介紹要滿足貓喜歡高處的一些具體做法，G選項“Put up several shelves s yur cat can leap frm ne t anther.”(放幾個架子，這樣你的貓就可以從一個架子跳到另一個架子上。)符合，承接上文，故選G。
4.根據(jù)下文“They have the surprising ability t tie themselves in knts withut any difficulty. They curl up in uncnventinal beds, like vases, because they have special bnes n the back that allw them t d this. And they take great pride in shwing this t yu cntinuusly.”(它們有驚人的能力毫不費力地把自己打成結(jié)。它們蜷縮在非常規(guī)的床上，就像花瓶一樣，因為它們背上有特殊的骨頭，能讓它們這樣做。它們會非常自豪地不斷向你們展示這個。)可知，本段主要講了貓睡覺時會有一些不尋常的姿勢，空處位于段首，引起下文，A選項“Sleeping psitins f cats are unusual.”(貓睡覺的姿勢很不尋常。)符合，概括了本段內(nèi)容，故選A。
5.根據(jù)上文“Alternatively, ffer yur cat a pt f clean cat grass t chew, especially indr cats.”(或者，給你的貓一罐干凈的貓草來咀嚼，尤其是室內(nèi)的貓。)可知，要給你的貓準備一些貓草來咀嚼，D選項“This is available frm mst plant gardens.”(大多數(shù)植物園都有這種植物。)具體介紹了貓草獲取的途徑，承接上文，故選D。
21．A 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．B
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從窗外看到一個“粗俗”的男人撞壞停車場鐵絲網(wǎng)圍欄，原以為他會棄之不理，他卻將圍欄修得比之前還好。作者為自己的膚淺揣測感到慚愧并想向那個人學習。
21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：柵欄彎曲出來的形狀和汽車的后端完全一樣。A. shape形狀；B. psitin位置，職位；C. case情況，案例；D. directin方向。根據(jù)前文“ car had just backed up int a chain-link fence.一輛汽車倒車時剛好撞到鏈條圍欄上”，可知男人倒車時汽車將圍欄撞出了和汽車尾部形狀一樣的痕跡。故選A。
22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個矮個子光頭男人下了車，襯衫沒扣紐扣，袒露著胸膛。A. cver遮蓋，覆蓋；B. prtect保護；C. exercise練習；D. expse使暴露；使接觸。根據(jù)空格前“wearing a shirt unbuttned穿一件沒扣紐扣的襯衫”，可知男人此時是露出胸膛的。故選D。
23．考查短語辨析。句意：一看到他，我就不喜歡。A. n sight 一看到……就；B. n demand按要求，一經(jīng)要求；C. by accident偶然地，意外地；D. by cntrast相比之下，相比較。根據(jù)上文“A shrt man wearing a shirt unbuttned t 2 his chest gt ut f the car, with a shaven head.一個矮個子光頭男人下了車，襯衫沒扣紐扣，袒露著胸膛”，可知作者一看到男人這樣邋遢的形象就不會喜歡。故選A。
24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾秒鐘的損壞評估后，這名男子試圖修復它。A. witnessing目睹，見證；B. handling處理；C. assessing評估；D. dismissing解雇，解散。根據(jù)下文中的“ tried嘗試”和“attempted t pull 試圖拉”，可知他用幾秒鐘評估了圍欄的損壞程度。故選C。
25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：首先，他試圖把被毀壞的柵欄拉回原位，但它一動不動。A. fixed固定的；B. ruined毀壞的；C. stable穩(wěn)定的；C. nticeable引人矚目的。根據(jù)第一段中“... a car had just backed up int a chain-link fence. 一輛汽車倒車時剛好撞到鏈條圍欄上”，可知此時圍欄已經(jīng)被毀壞了。故選B。
26．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我從杯子里喝了一口水，暗自竊喜著。A. deliberately故意地；B. immediately立即地；C. silently默默地；D. wildly野蠻地，粗暴地。根據(jù)下文“I laughed ut lud this time. 這次我大聲的笑了出來”可知，作者看到自己一眼看上去就不喜歡的男人受挫，便不禁幸災樂禍，暗自竊喜。故選C。
27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他拉住籬笆的支撐桿，它稍微彎曲，比較有可能被修復。A. slightly略微，稍微地；B. easily容易地；C. severely嚴重地，嚴厲地；D. merely僅僅，只不過。根據(jù)空格后“ mre likely t recver.更有可能恢復”，可知，支撐桿稍微有點彎曲。故選A。
28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這太可笑了。A.impressive令人贊嘆的；給人深刻印象的；B. tugh棘手的，艱難的；C. ridiculus荒謬的，可笑的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。根據(jù)前一句“I laughed ut lud this time. 這次我大聲的笑了出來”，可知作者認為這是可笑的。故選C。
29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他一定會把所有的混亂都留給別人來收拾一下。A. evidence證據(jù)；B. chas混亂；C. structure結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造；D. failure失敗。根據(jù)上文“But the ple suddenly brke.支撐桿斷了 ”可知作者認為這個男人一定會放棄修復欄桿，把混亂的現(xiàn)場留給別人整理。故選B。
30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想，那就結(jié)束了。A. end 結(jié)束；B. cst成本，代價；C. plan計劃；D. waste浪費，垃圾。根據(jù)后一句“But he reappeared a few minutes later with sme tls and gt t wrk using them. 但幾分鐘后，他帶著一些工具再次出現(xiàn)了，并開始使用它們”可知，作者看到男人受挫兩次之后以為他會放棄，沒想到他會再次開始。故選A。
31．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在它會比以前更穩(wěn)固，比以前更結(jié)實。A. beautiful漂亮的；B. secure牢固的，穩(wěn)固的，安全的；C. useful有用的；D. cmplex復雜的。根據(jù)前一句“He fixed the fence, and even imprved it using a supprt bar bught frm a nearby grcery.他修復了柵欄，甚至用從附近一家雜貨店買來的支撐桿進行了改進 ”可知，經(jīng)過修復后的圍欄更加牢固結(jié)實。故選B。
32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個人實際上是我的榜樣，我才十個懶惰的人。A. victim受害者；B. vlunteer志愿者；C. mdel模范，典型；D. master主人。根據(jù)文章最后一句“ I can make myself mre like him我怎樣才能讓自己更像他”可知，作者想向這個男人學習，故把他當做自己的榜樣。故選C。
33．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我那膚淺的猜測其實都是我自己的樣子。A. shallw淺顯的，膚淺的；B. primary主要的；C. unusual不尋常的；D. uncaring冷漠的，無同情心的。根據(jù)前文“He must be ging t leave all the 9 behind fr smene else t tidy up.他一定會把所有的混亂都留給別人來收拾一下 ” 以及前一句“This man was actually a 12 fr me, and I was the lazy ne. 這個人實際上是我的榜樣，我才十個懶惰的人”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對這個男人的猜測都是膚淺的。故選A。
34．考查短語辨析。句意：我不會修好柵欄，還會逃跑。A. drp ut退出，輟學；B. leave ff停止，戒除；C. run away逃跑；C. turn arund轉(zhuǎn)身。根據(jù)前一句“My 13 assumptins were all abut myself. 我那膚淺的猜測其實都是我自己的樣子”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己之所以對男人有那樣的猜想，是因為自己本身才是這樣會逃跑的人。故選C。
35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓我想知道，那個人還使其他什么變得更美好，以及我怎樣才能變得更像他呢。A. predict預言，預測；B. wnder想知道；C. dubt懷疑；D. accept接納，接受。根據(jù)前句“Years later, I still lk ut f my windw at that fence. It still lks new.多年后，我仍然看著窗外的圍欄。我看起來仍然是新的 ”可知，作者忍不住想那個人還做了其他什么好事。故選B。
36．shuld be tld## be tld
【詳解】考查被動語態(tài)及虛擬。句意：她要求在下次會議之前不要把她的決定告訴任何人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，request后的賓語從句使用（shuld）+動詞原形的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)，而結(jié)合句意可知，n ne 和tell 之間為被動語態(tài)。故填shuld be tld或be tld。
37．t cut
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了降低成本，兩家工廠關(guān)閉了。短語in an attempt t d“試圖做……”，故填t cut。
38．whether
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意：我們能否拋開分歧，關(guān)注共同利益還有待觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句使用了it 充當形式主語，結(jié)合句意使用whether引導的主語從句作真正的主語，故填whether。
39．injured
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：受傷的人試圖說話，但很快就失去了知覺。分析句子可知名詞man缺少定語，因此空格處需要將括號內(nèi)的動詞“injure v.使受傷；傷害”變?yōu)樾稳菰~形式。故填injured。
40．belnging
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國是一個發(fā)展中的社會主義國家，屬于第三世界。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有一個謂語動詞且沒有連接詞，此處使用非謂語動詞，cuntry與belng之間為主動關(guān)系，使用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填belnging。
41．t
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：由于不可預見的情況，該項目推遲了。固定短語wing t“由于”符合句意，故填t。
42．a(chǎn)
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：幫我個忙，這個周末你能喂我的貓嗎？d sb. a favr是固定短語，意為“幫某人一個忙”，因此空格處是冠詞a，故填a。
43．slutins
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：人們認識到這些解決方法只能是暫時的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，these后要使用名詞復數(shù)在從句中作主語，故填slutins。
44．legally
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：學校對你孩子的安全負有法律責任。修飾動詞短語is respnsible fr，需用副詞作狀語。故填legally。
45．What
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意：更重要的是，他們沒有充分減輕教師的職責。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處使用了主語從句，連接詞在從句中充當主語，結(jié)合句意可知，使用連接詞what符合句意，位于句首首字母注意大寫，故填What。
46． Beautiful Campus, Better Life
These days, ur schl launched a campaign named Beautiful Campus, Better Life, aiming t create a better campus.
The students were required nt t litter arund, waste fd r smke. Many psters which called n the students t behave well, mind their wn manners and keep the envirnment clean were put up n the campus.
The students and teachers thught highly f the campaign. They thught it was helpful in building a mre beautiful and attractive campus and an attractive campus can help make a psitive and inspiring learning envirnment and as a result, imprve the students’ academic perfrmance.
【分析】本篇書面表達屬于新聞稿，要求考生以“Beautiful Campus，Better Life”為題，報道學校正在舉行的創(chuàng)建美麗校園活動。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
發(fā)起：launch→initiate
要求：require→demand
有益的：helpful→beneficial
鼓舞人心的：inspiring→encuraging
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：These days, ur schl launched a campaign named Beautiful Campus, Better Life, aiming t create a better campus.
拓展句：These days, ur schl launched a campaign named Beautiful Campus, Better Life, whse aim was t create a better campus.
【點睛】[高分句型1] Many psters which called n the students t behave well, mind their wn manners and keep the envirnment clean were put up n the campus.（運用了which引導的定語從句）
[高分句型2]
They thught it was helpful in building a mre beautiful and attractive campus and an attractive campus can help make a psitive and inspiring learning envirnment and as a result, imprve the students’ academic perfrmance.（運用了that引導的賓語從句，省略連接詞that）
47．Paragraph 1：
Taking a clser lk, I fund the wlf stuck deep inside the stump. Cncerned abut Becky's safety, I gathered all the strength t step a bit clser, sensing the wlf seemed t be seriusly injured. Becky was still cradling his head in her lap, her tiny hands strking his head."Hney," My thrat tightened ."Put his head dwn and cme t Mama. Maybe he needs ur dctr's help." Reluctantly, Becky std up and kissed the wlf n the nse befre she walked slwly int my utstretched arms.
Paragraph 2：
With Becky safe in my arms, I ran t ur dctr Brian fr help. Hardly had he carried the medicine bx when we rushed back t the ak stump. The wlf's head sank t the grund, sad yellw eyes lking at us. Having pulled the massive bdy ut f the stump, Brian cleaned the wunds and then gave him careful treatment. Becky kneeled dwn and tended t the wlf tgether with Brian. Appearing t be feeling better, the wlf slwly raised his head and gave a gentle kiss t Becky's hand as if t express thanks. What a warm scene!
【分析】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者三歲的女兒貝基在哥哥姐姐們都上學去了后會假想出一條狗來陪她玩兒，一天，作者女兒又玩起了這個游戲，結(jié)果作者發(fā)現(xiàn)Becky抱著的是一只狼。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“仔細一看，我發(fā)現(xiàn)狼卡在樹樁的深處?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者發(fā)現(xiàn)狼受傷和作者把女兒叫過來。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“貝基安全的躺在我的懷里，我跑到布賴恩醫(yī)生那里尋求幫助?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫布賴恩給狼治療。
2.續(xù)寫線索：走近狼——站起來——拉出狼——照料狼
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①走近：step clser/draw near
②站起來：stand up/rise t ne's feet
③拉：pull/drag
④照料：tend t/lk after
情緒類
①不情愿地：reluctantly/unwillingly
②憂傷的：sad/dlrus
【點睛】[高分句型1]Cncerned abut Becky's safety, I gathered all the strength t step a bit clser, sensing the wlf seemed t be seriusly injured.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）
[高分句型2]Hardly had he carried the medicine bx when we rushed back t the ak stump.（部分倒裝句）

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