第一學(xué)期期中考試
高三年英語(yǔ)試卷
一． 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
A
New Yrk Public Library
This impressive lcatin, prudly guarded by ryal-lking marble lins, amng the city's mst splendid public spaces. Of curse the Rse Reading Rm-wh wuldn't be inspired by all thse crystal chandeliers? But if yu're here fr the bks, yu wn't be disappinted either: there are sme 50 millin items spread ut acrss these piles.
New Yrk Academy f Medicine
Established in 1847 and pened t the public in 1878, this library hlds a thrugh catalgue f medical jurnals, dcuments and ther materials. The library subscribes t mre than 1,000 jurnals, and there are mre than 800,000 issues. Its histrical cllectins even cntain dcumentatin abut an 18th-century smallpx utbreak in the U.K.
The Mrgan Library & Museum
Originally the private library f nne ther than Jhn Pierpnt Mrgan - this amazing building was first intended fr bkish pursuits in 1910. In 2006, a massive redecratin brught mre natural light int the building and dubled the size f the exhibitin space. Tday, the museum welcmes visitrs t see cllectins f riginal Michelangel drawings and its theater regularly hsts cncerts.
The Center fr Fictin
The Center fr Fictin recently pened a new lcatin in Dwntwn Brklyn that brings the ld-wrld charm f fictin tgether. While members are required t take advantage f its upstairs library and they can get discunts n reading grups, the public is free t check ut the grund flr where a part f its library sits as well as its bkstre. It's a beautifully quiet space fr literature lvers t sit and read.
1．What's special abut New Yrk Public Library?
A．It has a very lng histry.B．It sells bks as well.
C．It can meet readers’ different tastes fr bks.D．It is the city's mst splendid public space.
2．Which library may appeal t music lvers?
A．The Center fr Fictin.B．New Yrk Public Library
C．New Yrk Academy f Medicine.D．The Mrgan Library & Museum.
3．What can a reader d in The Center fr Fictin?
A．Make friends with music lversB．Get invlved in reading grups
C．Admire sme famus drawings.D．Learn abut medical dcuments
B
When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language. Having said that, I did nt knw fr a lng time what I was lking fr. It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing. With sme encuragement frm my clleagues, I had ne f my pems published. This bit f success, hwever, was the pint where my prblem began.
Back in 1978, I had t travel between three different campuses in the mrning, teaching freshman cmpsitin. Afternns I spent taking my daughter t her ballet and hrse-riding lessns. T cmpsed my lectures n the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.
As a way ut, decided t get up tw hurs befre my usual time. My alarm was set fr 5:00 A.M. The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm’s reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway. I had t jump ut f bed and run t silence it befre my family was awken. This was when my mrning writing began.
Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing. I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published. When I decided t write a nvel, I divided my tw hurs: the first fr petry, the secnd fr fictin. Well r badly, I wrte at least tw pages a day. This is hw my nvel, The Line f the Sun, was finished. If I had waited t have the time, I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl. Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if it's the nly way.
4．What mtivated the authr t start her writing career?
A．Her strng wish t share.B．Her urgent need t make a living
C．Her keen interest in writing.D．Her passinate desire fr fame.
5．What prblem did the authr face when she decided t begin her writing?
A．She had truble in deciding n her writing style.
B．She was t exhausted t write after a busy day
C．She had t take time t discipline her daughter.
D．She was unsure abut her writing skills.
6．Why did the authr place an alarm clck in the hallway?
A．T frce herself ut f bed.B．T wake up her family.
C．In case the clck in her rm brke dwn.D．In case she failed t hear the ringing.
7．What can we learn frm the authr's success in her writing career?
A．It is never t late t change yur jb.B．Imaginative ideas die away if nt taken in time.
C．Daily life prvides ideas fr creative writingD．A tight schedule is n excuse fr lack f actin.
C
It is universally acknwledged that renewable energy surces such as slar, wind and hydrpwer are all much better fr the climate than fssil fuels. It is true fr wind and slar. Hwever, the picture fr hydrpwer is mre cmplicated than we think.
A new study by the Envirnmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts f 1,500 hydrpwer facilities acrss the glbe. That accunts fr abut half f hydrpwer generatin wrldwide. The researchers lked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhuse gas sink r as a surce. T figure this ut, they lked int all the different cmpnents that help determine a hydrpwer facility's greenhuse gas emissins (排放).
“There are s many cntributrs t greenhuse gas emissins frm hydrpwer — but essentially, the majrity f greenhuse gas emissins arise frm the reservir (水庫(kù)) itself, as vegetatin and sils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used fr the hydrpwer generatin.” said lissa Ock, a senir climate scientist at the Envirnmental Defense Fund and c-authr f the study. As the submerged vegetatin breaks dwn, it releases greenhuse gases such as CO2.
“The larger the surface area f the reservir, the mre greenhuse gases are ging t be given ut frm that reservir. Als, the temperature plays a rle as well hw warm the reservir is will affect hw much greenhuse gases are prduced and given ut frm the reservir.” added Ock.
Thrugh their analysis, Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg, als with the Envirnmental Defense Fund, discvered that the climate impacts f hydrpwer cver a cmplete range. The gd news is that sme facilities perfrm just as well as wind and slar. But shckingly, mre than 100 facilities are actually wrse fr the climate than fssil fuels. The study is in the jurnal Envirnmental Science and Technlgy.
This finding desn't mean we shuld frget abut hydrpwer. “But we just need t be careful t make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lt f situatins where hydrpwer can be equal t wind and slar. S it really depends n the specific facility." said Ock.
8．Hw d scientists prve hydrpwer facilities' effect n the climate?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By cnducting experiments.
C．By referring t previus studies.D．By analyzing causes and effects.
9．What are the main surces f greenhuse gases frm hydrpwer?
A．Vegetatin and sils.B．Heat and sunlight.
C．Pllutants in the reservir.D．Cmpnents f the generatrs.
10．What have Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg fund?
A．The surface area f a reservir decides the climate.
B．Hydrpwer ften influences the climate in all aspects.
C．Sme facilities perfrm much better than wind and slar.
D．Fssil fuels are wrse fr the climate than ver 100 facilities.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Scientists urge an end t hydrpwer.
B．Hydrpwer is nt necessarily green.
C．Hydrpwer is wrse than fssil fuels.
D．Renewable energy is a cmplicated issue.
D
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Fundatin f the General Thery f Relativity” is the first and still the best intrductin t the subject, and I recmmend it as such t students. But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.
Why nt? After all, it wuld pass with flying clurs the tests f crrectness and significance. And while ppular belief hlds that the paper was incmprehensible t its first readers, in fact many papers in theretical physics are much mre difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.”
N, the prblem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philsphical discussin f space and time and then cntinues with an expsitin f knwn mathematics. Thse tw sectins, which wuld be cnsidered extraneus tday, take up half the paper. Wrse, there are zer citatins f previus scientists’ wrk, nr are there any graphics. Thse features might make a paper nt even get past the first editrs.
A similar prcess f prfessinalizatin has transfrmed ther parts f the scientific landscape. Requests fr research time at majr bservatries r natinal labratries are mre rigidly structured. And anything invlving wrk with human subjects, r putting instruments in space, invlves piles f paperwrk.
We see it als in the Regenern Science Talent Search, the Nbel Prize f high schl science cmpetitins. In the early decades f its 78-year histry, the winning prjects were usually the srt f clever but naive, amateurish effrts ne might expect f talented beginners wrking n their wn. Tday, plished wrk cming ut f internships(實(shí)習(xí)) at established labratries is the nrm.
These prfessinalizing tendencies are a natural cnsequence f the explsive grwth f mdern science. Standardizatin and system make it easier t manage the rapid flw f papers, applicatins and peple. But there are serius dwnsides. A lt f unprductive effrt ges int jumping thrugh bureaucratic hps(繁文縟節(jié)), and utsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of curse, Einstein wuld have fund his way t meeting mdern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific cre wuldn’t have changed, but the paper might nt be the same taste t read.
12．Accrding t Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A．was a classic in theretical physics
B．turned ut t be cmprehensible
C．needed further imprvement
D．a(chǎn)ttracted few prfessinals
13．What des the underlined wrd “extraneus” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Unrealistic.B．Irrelevant.
C．Unattractive.D．Imprecise.
14．Accrding t the authr, what is affected as mdern science develps?
A．The applicatin f research findings.
B．The principle f scientific research.
C．The selectin f yung talents.
D．The evaluatin f labratries.
15．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．What makes Einstein great?
B．Will science be prfessinalized?
C．Culd Einstein get published tday?
D．Hw will mdern science make advances?
第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Vlunturism-A New Trend in Travel
Vlunteering t help peple in need cmbined with travelling t faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called vlunturism, peple travel t ther cuntries, learn languages and ther cultures and gain new experiences. 16
Recent statistics shw that in the past few years vlunturism has been ne f the fastest-grwing areas f turism. 17 They wrk in rphanages, help build schls, assist in hspitals and d farming wrk in develping cuntries. Sme f them establish lasting bnds with peple far away.
18 Students see it as a gap year after schl, thers simply want t take time ut frm a jb and d smething else. Then there are thse wh are bred and merely seek adventure. 19
They think it is a cheap way f traveling and dn't really want t get invlved in hard wrk.
Nt everyne sees vlunturism in a psitive way. Critics say that if peple really want t help thse in need there are many pprtunities in their wn cmmunity t d this. 20 Travel experts pint ut that in sme cases vlunturists are explited by the rganizatin that sets up the trips.
A．Vlunturism has been arund fr ver a century.
B．There are many reasns why peple want t engage in vlunturism.
C．Hwever, many vlunturists d nt see vlunteering as what it is.
D．Vlunturism is a great way fr vlunturists t braden their hrizns.
E．In additin, vlunteers are ften nt skilled enugh fr the tasks that they d.
F．On the ther side, they vlunteer t help thers wh are nt as well ff as they are.
G．Mre than 1.6 millin peple arund the wrld are vlunteers in ther cuntries.
第三部分 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題:小題1分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
We mved there n my third birthday. My first 21 is ur neighbr Arlene handing me strawberries frm her garden thrugh a hle in the chain-link fence. She and her husband, Bill, lived next dr.
One day, my parents asked Bill and Arlene whether they’d watch me 22 they were ut n a date. This 23 well fr everyne, s it became a smewhat mnthly ccurrence. Arlene and Bill didn’t have kids. They had a 24 rm in their huse, which became “my” rm. I had a cabinet and bxes f tys and bks in that rm. Arlene and I wuld d crafts tgether. Bill taught me hw t 25 the lawn tractr and eventually a car (stick and autmatic).
When I was abut five, I had an idea. My parents were watching TV when I spit it ut: “What if I adpt Bill and Arlene as my 26 ?” My parents said I culd g ver and ask them. I 27 n Bill and Arlene’s dr, sat dwn in their living rm, and said, “Will yu guys be my grandparents?” They started crying and 28 accepted. Sn after, they printed ut an adptin 29 , and it hung n their living rm wall frm then n.
I remember being surprised that they tk my 30 s seriusly — nt because I wasn’t serius but because I was just a kid. They culd have 31 it ff. Thinking f that mment still brings tears t my eyes. There is smething truly magnificent abut a child ffering up her lve and 32 being s excited t accept it. Every child in this wrld 33 enthusiastically respnded lve.
Arlene passed away in 2013, tw days befre ur adptin anniversary. Bill gave her eulgy (悼詞). At the end, he said, “Arlene 34 her husband, Bill. And the greatest jy f her life, her granddaughter, Katie.”
After the funeral, Bill gave me the ring he’d gifted t Arlene n their 25th wedding anniversary. It’s a simple gld band that I wear n my ring finger as a 35 f the kind f lve I wish t put int this wrld.
21．A．thughtB．impressinC．memryD．cmmunicatin
22．A．whileB．thughC．unlessD．because
23．A．imprvedB．wrkedC．perfrmedD．functined
24．A．privateB．spareC．publicD．smth
25．A．driveB．buildC．streD．select
26．A．relatinsB．friendsC．childrenD．grandparents
27．A．bservedB．calledC．knckedD．strke
28．A．reluctantlyB．enthusiasticallyC．vluntarilyD．unwillingly
29．A．a(chǎn)cademyB．cmmitmentC．certificateD．prcedure
30．A．chargeB．fferC．sentenceD．favr
31．A．kickedB．laughedC．keptD．wiped
32．A．pepleB．parentsC．a(chǎn)dultsD．friends
33．A．refusesB．hpesC．receivesD．deserves
34．A．submits tB．cunts nC．gives awayD．leaves behind
35．A．reminderB．suggestinC．prfD．present
第二節(jié)語(yǔ)篇填空(共10小題;每小題15分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Ancient architecture in China stands ut 36 its fine wden structures, the elegant utside and beautiful decratin. T survive the frequent flds and ther natural disasters, wd 37 (prefer) fr mst architectural structures in ancient China. China's 38 (traditin) wden structures were quite cmplicatedly frmed, smetimes withut any nails! Apart frm this, existing examples f ancient Chinese architecture are als 39 (wide) praised fr its elegant utlines and varius features, such as verhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned rf crners, and different 40 (shape) f rfs. The unique utside nt nly satisfied a practical functin, but als made 41 pssible fr the buildings t have wnderful appearances. Architects in ancient China, 42 paid special attentin t decratin, used different clrs r paintings accrding t particular building functins r lcal custms. Carved beams, painted rafters(椽子), varius patterns, carved bards and wall paintings were used 43 (add) a clrful and beautiful style t the inside. 44 utside f buildings was decrated with stne lins, screen walls, decrative clumns, as well as flwers. Many ancient buildings 45 (design) by famus architects attract a number f turists every year.
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié) （滿分15分）
46．假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，你校足球隊(duì)將與來(lái)自倫敦的學(xué)生進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)友誼賽，請(qǐng)你代表全體師生用英語(yǔ)寫一篇?dú)g迎辭，內(nèi)容包括：
1.校隊(duì)簡(jiǎn)介；2.比賽意義；3.表達(dá)祝愿。
注意：
1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear guests, teachers and fellw students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二節(jié) （滿分25分）
47．閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Everything abut mving day was a puzzle. I didn't knw anything abut ur new building n a new street. Our ld life was brken int pieces and packed up in piled bxes. I wndered if it wuld ever fit back tgether again.
Mm intrduced me t ur new neighburs, the Chens. Mrs Chen wrked with Mm at the jb she'd just started. Mr Chen was a famus craftsman(匠人) frm China.
Mm said it was a fresh start, but it felt brken t me. I just wanted things t g back t hw they had been befre.
After the first day at my new schl, I walked hme alne. Mm had tld me she had t wrk. I was still hping she'd meet me after the bell. I had t pen the dr myself with the new key. I felt a bit hungry and went straight int the kitchen, ripping tape frm the packed bxes while I searched fr a clean plate. My fingers slipped, and smething went crashing t the grund.
“Benjamin” cried Mm frm the drway. I didn't hear her cme in. “What just brke?” she asked, kneeling t pick up the pieces. In her hands, I recgnized the shattered pieces. It was Grandma's bwl. “I can't believe yu brke this,” she said.
“Well, I can't believe we have t live here nw! I can't believe I have t switch schls, and I can't believe yu didn't even meet me after my first day” I ran int my rm, slamming the dr behind me.
The brm swept acrss the kitchen flr. Then the click f Mm's bedrm dr clsed behind her. I sneaked ut int the kitchen and fund the fragments in the dustbin. There were s many pieces in here, but maybe I culd put them back tgether. Turning the pieces, I tried t match them,but this bwl wuld never lk the same again.
“I'm srry I yelled,” said Mm, as she pened her dr. “Please just thrw ut the pieces. We can't make a fresh start with brken things.”
As I wandered dwn the hall, Mr Chen was emptying his garbage.
注意：
1. 續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段,每段的開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好。
Paragraph 1：
“Are yu sure yu want t thrw that ut?” he asked.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I brught the repaired bwl int her rm.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．D 2．D 3．B
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)擁有藏書的地方以及它們各自的特色。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“This impressive lcatin, prudly guarded by ryal-lking marble lins, amng the city's mst splendid public spaces.(這個(gè)令人印象深刻的地方，由皇家模樣的大理石獅子自豪地守衛(wèi)著，是這座城市最壯觀的公共空間之一)”可知，紐約公共圖書館的特別之處是它是這個(gè)城市最精彩的公共空間。故選D。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Mrgan Library & Museum部分中“Tday, the museum welcmes visitrs t see cllectins f riginal Michelangel drawings and its theater regularly hsts cncerts.(今天，博物館歡迎游客參觀收藏的米開朗基羅原畫，它的劇院定期舉辦音樂會(huì))”可知，The Mrgan Library & Museum可能會(huì)吸引音樂愛好者。故選D。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“While members are required t take advantage f its upstairs library and they can get discunts n reading grups, the public is free t check ut the grund flr where a part f its library sits as well as its bkstre.(雖然會(huì)員被要求利用其樓上的圖書館，他們可以獲得閱讀小組的折扣，但公眾可以免費(fèi)參觀一樓，圖書館的一部分和書店都坐落在那里)”可知，讀者能在小說中心參加讀書會(huì)。故選B。
4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者寫作的原因和現(xiàn)實(shí)的困難以及解決辦法。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing.(直到我追尋這種感覺的源頭，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)寫作有了熱情)”可知，是作者對(duì)寫作的強(qiáng)烈興趣促使她開始寫作生涯。故選C。
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.(當(dāng)我回到家，在工作了一整天之后，我已經(jīng)沒有足夠的時(shí)間寫作了)”可知，當(dāng)作者決定開始寫作時(shí)，她面臨著忙碌了一天筋疲力盡無(wú)法再寫作的困難。故選B。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway.(第一天我把它關(guān)掉了，因?yàn)槲野阉旁谟|手可及的地方。第二天，我調(diào)了兩個(gè)鐘，一個(gè)放在床頭柜上，一個(gè)放在走廊上)”可知，作者在走廊里放了一個(gè)鬧鐘的原因是為了強(qiáng)迫自己起床。故選A。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if it’s the nly way.(對(duì)許多人來(lái)說，最初的緊迫感很容易就消失了，因?yàn)樗枰龀銎D難的決定：花時(shí)間去創(chuàng)造，如果這是唯一的方法，那么從自己身上偷走它)”可推斷，從作者的寫作生涯中我們能學(xué)到，緊湊的時(shí)間表不是不采取行動(dòng)的借口。故選D。
8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，主要研究水力發(fā)電對(duì)氣候的影響，并得出結(jié)論并不是所有水力發(fā)電都是清潔能源。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The researchers lked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhuse gas sink r as a surce. T figure this ut, they lked int all the different cmpnents that help determine a hydrpwer facility's greenhuse gas emissins (排放). （研究人員觀察了這些設(shè)施是作為溫室氣體匯還是作為溫室氣體源。為了弄清楚這一點(diǎn)，他們研究了所有有助于確定水力發(fā)電設(shè)施溫室氣體排放的不同組成部分。） ”由此可知研究人員是通過分析原因和結(jié)果來(lái)證明水電設(shè)施對(duì)氣候的影響。故選D。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ “There are s many cntributrs t greenhuse gas emissins frm hydrpwer — but essentially, the majrity f greenhuse gas emissins arise frm the reservir (水庫(kù)) itself, as vegetatin and sils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used fr the hydrpwer generatin.” said lissa Ock, a senir climate scientist at the Envirnmental Defense Fund and c-authr f the study. As the submerged vegetatin breaks dwn, it releases greenhuse gases such as CO2.（水電排放的溫室氣體有很多，但基本上，大部分溫室氣體排放來(lái)自水庫(kù)本身，因?yàn)橛糜谒姲l(fā)電的大壩將植被和土壤淹沒在水下。環(huán)境保護(hù)基金(Envirnmental Defense Fund)的資深氣候科學(xué)家、該研究的合著者麗莎·奧科(lissa Ock)說。當(dāng)被淹沒的植被分解時(shí)，會(huì)釋放出二氧化碳等溫室氣體。） ”由此可知，水電排放的溫室氣體主要來(lái)源是植被和土壤，故選A。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thrugh their analysis, Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg, als with the Envirnmental Defense Fund, discvered that the climate impacts f hydrpwer cver a cmplete range.（通過他們的分析，Ock和她的合著者Steven Hamburg(也是環(huán)境保護(hù)基金的成員)發(fā)現(xiàn)，水力發(fā)電對(duì)氣候的影響涵蓋了一個(gè)完整的范圍。） ”由此可知Ock和她的合著者Steven Hamburg發(fā)現(xiàn)水力發(fā)電對(duì)氣候的影響包含各個(gè)方面，故選B。
11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“It is universally acknwledged that renewable energy surces such as slar, wind and hydrpwer are all much better fr the climate than fssil fuels. It is true fr wind and slar. Hwever, the picture fr hydrpwer is mre cmplicated than we think.（眾所周知，太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和水力發(fā)電等可再生能源對(duì)氣候的影響都比化石燃料好得多。風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能也是如此。然而，水電的前景比我們想象的要復(fù)雜得多。） ”以及下文的研究描述，可知水電對(duì)氣候的影響很多，并不一定都是綠色的，故選B。
12．B 13．B 14．C 15．C
【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過引用物理學(xué)家的話以及現(xiàn)代科學(xué)爆炸式發(fā)展帶來(lái)的專業(yè)化趨勢(shì)來(lái)介紹愛因斯坦1915年的名著《廣義相對(duì)論的基礎(chǔ)》，這篇論文讀起來(lái)不一樣的地方以及它可能不會(huì)在今天的科學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表的原因。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.（正如物理學(xué)家理查德·費(fèi)曼所寫：“曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，報(bào)紙上說只有12個(gè)人理解相對(duì)論。我相信或許確實(shí)有過只有一個(gè)人懂相對(duì)論的時(shí)候——因?yàn)樵谶@篇論文之前，只有愛因斯坦理解這個(gè)問題。但當(dāng)人們讀了這篇論文，有很多人，絕對(duì)超過12個(gè)，或多或少都對(duì)相對(duì)論有了一定理解）”可知，愛因斯坦1915年的論文證明是可以理解的。故選B。
13．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段劃線詞后句“Wrse, there are zer citatins f previus scientists’ wrk, nr are there any graphics. Thse features might make a paper nt even get past the first editrs.”可知，更糟的是，文章沒有對(duì)前人科學(xué)研究進(jìn)行任何引用，也沒有任何圖。這些缺失對(duì)如今的科學(xué)論文來(lái)說是致命的。這樣的文章甚至都不會(huì)被編輯送審，這說明愛因斯坦的論文在如今看來(lái)是很糟糕的，因此此處是說他在論文中花大量篇幅進(jìn)行的哲學(xué)討論和張量微積分的闡述在今天被認(rèn)為是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，所以畫線詞詞義為“無(wú)關(guān)緊要的”。故選B。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“A lt f unprductive effrt ges int jumping thrugh bureaucratic hps(繁文縟節(jié)), and utsiders face entry barriers at every turn.（它從一個(gè)關(guān)于空間和時(shí)間的輕松的大量無(wú)用功都耗費(fèi)在了突破官僚形式的層層桎梏上，也抬高了新人的準(zhǔn)入門檻。）”可推斷，在作者看來(lái)，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展影響了年輕人才的選拔。故選C。
15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.（但它可能不會(huì)在今天的科學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表。）”可知，第一段是總起句，文章圍繞著這個(gè)問題展開論述，所以這篇文章最好的題目是——“Culd Einstein get published tday?( 愛因斯坦的《相對(duì)論》今天能出版嗎？)”故選C。
16．F 17．G 18．B 19．C 20．E
【分析】本文屬于議論文，講述志愿者旅行最近很受大家的歡迎，不同的人對(duì)此的態(tài)度和目的不同，有利也有弊。
16．根據(jù)上文“Vlunteering t help peple in need cmbined with travelling t faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called vlunturism, peple travel t ther cuntries, learn languages and ther cultures and gain new experiences.(志愿幫助需要幫助的人結(jié)合到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方旅游是旅游業(yè)的新趨勢(shì)。這被稱為志愿旅游，人們到其他國(guó)家旅游，學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言和其他文化，并獲得新的經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，上文提到了志愿旅游可以學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言和其他文化，并獲得新的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說明志愿旅游的好處。故F選項(xiàng)“另一方面，他們志愿去幫助那些沒有他們那么富裕的人”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。
17．根據(jù)上文“Recent statistics shw that in the past few years vlunturism has been ne f the fastest-grwing areas f turism.(最近的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在過去的幾年里，志愿旅游已經(jīng)成為旅游業(yè)發(fā)展最快的領(lǐng)域之一)”以及后文“They wrk in rphanages, help build schls, assist in hspitals and d farming wrk in develping cuntries. Sme f them establish lasting bnds with peple far away.(他們?cè)诠聝涸汗ぷ?，幫助建立學(xué)校，幫助醫(yī)院，在發(fā)展中國(guó)家做農(nóng)業(yè)工作。他們中的一些人與遠(yuǎn)方的人建立了持久的聯(lián)系)”可知，后文列舉了志愿者在不同的地方工作，可推測(cè)從事志愿者的人數(shù)很多，故G選項(xiàng)“世界上有160多萬(wàn)人是其他國(guó)家的志愿者”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。
18．根據(jù)后文“Students see it as a gap year after schl, thers simply want t take time ut frm a jb and d smething else. Then there are thse wh are bred and merely seek adventure.(學(xué)生們把這視為畢業(yè)后的間隔年，其他人只是想從工作中抽出時(shí)間做點(diǎn)別的事情。也有一些人感到無(wú)聊，只想尋求冒險(xiǎn))”可知，后文列舉了從事志愿旅游的原因。故B選項(xiàng)“人們參與志愿旅游的原因有很多”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。
19．根據(jù)后文“They think it is a cheap way f traveling and dn't really want t get invlved in hard wrk. (他們認(rèn)為這是一種便宜的旅行方式，并不是真的想?yún)⑴c艱苦的工作)”可知，后文提到一些只是把志愿旅游當(dāng)作便宜的旅游方式，可見他們并沒有看到志愿服務(wù)的實(shí)質(zhì)，故本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，故C選項(xiàng)“然而，許多志愿者游客并沒有看到志愿服務(wù)是什么”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。
20．根據(jù)上文“Nt everyne sees vlunturism in a psitive way. Critics say that if peple really want t help thse in need there are many pprtunities in their wn cmmunity t d this.(并不是每個(gè)人都從積極的角度看待志愿旅游。批評(píng)人士說，如果人們真的想幫助那些需要幫助的人，在他們自己的社區(qū)有很多機(jī)會(huì)這樣做)”以及后文“Travel experts pint ut that in sme cases vlunturists are explited by the rganizatin that sets up the trips.(旅游專家指出，在某些情況下，志愿游客被組織旅行的組織所利用)”可知，本句承接上文，繼續(xù)說明批評(píng)人士對(duì)于志愿者的批評(píng)觀點(diǎn)，故E選項(xiàng)“此外，志愿者通常沒有足夠的技能來(lái)完成他們所做的任務(wù)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章通過作者和鄰居兩老人（無(wú)孩子）的慢慢相處，最后確立了祖孫關(guān)系，向讀者講述了一個(gè)暖心又令人感動(dòng)的故事。
21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第一個(gè)記憶是我們的鄰居阿琳通過鐵絲網(wǎng)籬笆上的一個(gè)洞把她花園里的草莓遞給我。A. thught想法；B. impressin印象；C. memry記憶；D. cmmunicatin交流。由上文的“We mved there n my third birthday.”可知，這是作者搬到那里之后的最早的記憶（三歲時(shí)的記憶，年紀(jì)非常小）。故選C項(xiàng)。
22．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我父母問比爾和阿琳，他們出去約會(huì)時(shí)是否可以照看我。A. while在……期間；B. thugh盡管；C. unless除非；D. because因?yàn)椤Ｓ上挛牡摹皌hey were ut n a date”可知，作者父母要出去約會(huì)，怕孩子沒人照看，所以問鄰居，他們出去約會(huì)時(shí)是否可以照看作者。故選A項(xiàng)。
23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這對(duì)每個(gè)人都很管用，所以它成了每月都會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。A. imprved改善；B. wrked使產(chǎn)生效果、起作用；C. perfrmed表演；D. functined運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。由下文的“s it became a smewhat mnthly ccurrence”和下文語(yǔ)境可知，比爾和阿琳照看作者成了每月都會(huì)發(fā)生的事情，說明讓比爾和阿琳照看作者對(duì)每個(gè)人都起作用，無(wú)孩子的比爾和阿琳生活中有了樂趣，作者父母可以出去約會(huì)，作者有人照看。故選B項(xiàng)。
24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的房子里有一個(gè)空余的房間，后來(lái)成了“我的”房間。A. private私有的；B. spare空余的；C. public公共的；D. smth光滑的。由上文的“Arlene and Bill didn’t have kids.”和下文的“which became “my” rm”可知，比爾和阿琳無(wú)孩子，作者后來(lái)在比爾和阿琳家有了自己的房間，說明比爾和阿琳家有空余的房間。故選B項(xiàng)。
25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：比爾教我如何駕駛草坪拖拉機(jī)，最后教我開一輛汽車（手動(dòng)式和自動(dòng)式）。A. drive駕駛；B. build建立；C. stre儲(chǔ)存；D. select選擇。由下文的“the lawn tractr”和“a car”可知，此處指比爾教作者駕駛拖拉機(jī)和汽車。故選A項(xiàng)。
26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我父母正在看電視，我吐出一句話：“如果我讓比爾和阿琳作我的祖父母呢？”A. relatins關(guān)系；B. friends朋友；C. children孩子；D. grandparents祖父母。由下文的“Will yu guys be my grandparents?”可知，作者想讓比爾和阿琳作自己的祖父母。故選D項(xiàng)。
27．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我敲了敲比爾和阿琳的門，坐在他們的客廳里，說：“你們?cè)敢庾鑫业淖娓改竼幔俊盇. bserved觀察；B. called叫；C. kncked敲；D. strke輕撫。由上文的“ n Bill and Arlene’s dr”可知，父母同意作者去問問鄰居比爾和阿琳，可推斷出作者去敲鄰居門了。故選C項(xiàng)。
28．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他們哭了起來(lái)，熱情地接受了。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. enthusiastically熱情地；C. vluntarily自愿地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“They started crying”、下文的“being s excited t accept it”和下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者小時(shí)候提議想要無(wú)孩子的比爾和阿琳當(dāng)自己的祖父母，他們感動(dòng)哭了，之后還弄了一張收養(yǎng)證明掛在客廳的墻上，可推斷出他們熱情地接受了。故選B項(xiàng)。
29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不久之后，他們打印了一份收養(yǎng)證明，從此就掛在客廳的墻上。A. academy學(xué)院；B. cmmitment承諾；C. certificate證明；D. prcedure程序。由上文的“What if I adpt Bill and Arlene as my 6 ?”和下文的“and it hung n their living rm wall frm then n”可知，作者小時(shí)候提議想收養(yǎng)比爾和阿琳做自己的祖父母，比爾和阿琳欣然接受，為了表達(dá)喜悅之情，所以打印了一份收養(yǎng)證明掛在客廳的墻上。故選C項(xiàng)。
30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得很驚訝他們?nèi)绱苏J(rèn)真地對(duì)待我的提議，不是因?yàn)槲也皇钦J(rèn)真的，而是因?yàn)槲疫€是個(gè)孩子。A. charge收費(fèi)；B. ffer建議；C. sentence句子；D. favr喜愛。由上文語(yǔ)境和下文的“a child ffering up her lve”可知，作者小時(shí)候提議想收養(yǎng)比爾和阿琳做自己的祖父母（這是一種愛的表現(xiàn)），比爾和阿琳欣然接受，還弄了一張收養(yǎng)證明掛在客廳的墻上，非常認(rèn)真地對(duì)待作者的提議，下文ffer原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們本可以一笑置之。A. kicked踢；B. laughed大笑；C. kept保持；D. wiped擦。由上文的“but because I was just a kid”可知，作者小時(shí)候提議想收養(yǎng)比爾和阿琳做自己的祖父母，常識(shí)可知，孩子不能收養(yǎng)成人，成人聽到孩子這么說，都會(huì)笑一下，當(dāng)作玩笑話。故選B項(xiàng)。
32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)孩子獻(xiàn)出自己的愛，而大人們卻如此興奮地接受，這真是太美妙了。A. peple人；B. parents父母；C. adults成人；D. friends朋友。由上文的“They started crying and 8 accepted.”可知，作者小時(shí)候提議想要無(wú)孩子的比爾和阿琳當(dāng)自己的祖父母，比爾和阿琳感動(dòng)哭了且熱情地接受了，比爾和阿琳是成年人。故選C項(xiàng)。
33．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：世界上每一個(gè)孩子都應(yīng)該得到熱烈的愛。A. refuses拒絕；B. hpes希望；C. receives接受；D. deserves應(yīng)得、值得。由上文的“There is smething truly magnificent abut a child ffering up her lve and 12 being s excited t accept it.”可知，作者獻(xiàn)出自己的愛，大人們興奮地接受了，所以作者感慨世界上每一個(gè)孩子都應(yīng)該得到熱烈的愛。故選D項(xiàng)。
34．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：阿琳留下了她的丈夫比爾。A. submits t使某人忍受某事；B. cunts n依靠；C. gives away贈(zèng)送；D. leaves behind留下。由上文的“Arlene passed away in 2013”可知，阿琳過世了，所以留下她的丈夫比爾在世上。故選D項(xiàng)。
35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的金戒指，我戴在我的無(wú)名指上，以提醒把愛帶入這個(gè)世界。A. reminder提醒人的事物；B. suggestin建議；C. prf證據(jù)；D. present禮物。由上文語(yǔ)境和下文的“the kind f lve I wish t put int this wrld”可知，作者的愛得到了大人們熱烈地回應(yīng)，比爾把他在他們結(jié)婚25周年紀(jì)念日送給阿琳的戒指給了作者，作者戴在手上，是把戒指作為一個(gè)提醒的事物，以提醒自己要把愛愛帶入這個(gè)世界。故選A項(xiàng)。
36．fr 37．was preferred 38．traditinal 39．widely 40．shapes 41．it 42．wh 43．t add 44．The 45．designed
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的古建筑，介紹了其特點(diǎn)和獨(dú)特的外觀等情況。
36．考查介詞。句意：中國(guó)古代建筑因其精致的木結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)雅的外觀和美麗的裝飾而著稱。結(jié)合句意表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用介詞fr。故填fr。
37．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：為了在頻繁的洪水和其他自然災(zāi)害中幸存下來(lái)，中國(guó)古代的大多數(shù)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)首選木材。根據(jù)后文in ancient China可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為wd，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填was preferred。
38．考查形容詞。句意：中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)是相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的，有時(shí)沒有釘子！修飾后文名詞structures應(yīng)用形容詞traditinal，作定語(yǔ)。故填traditinal。
39．考查副詞。句意：除此之外，現(xiàn)存的中國(guó)古代建筑也因其優(yōu)美的外形和各種不同的特征而廣受贊譽(yù)，如懸垂的屋檐、翹起的屋角和不同形狀的屋頂。修飾動(dòng)詞praise應(yīng)用副詞widely，表示“廣泛地”，wide作副詞時(shí)表示“寬地”不符合語(yǔ)境。故填widely。
40．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意同上。shape為可數(shù)名詞，由different修飾應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填shapes。
41．考查形式賓語(yǔ)。句意：獨(dú)特的外觀不僅滿足了建筑的實(shí)用功能，也使其外觀美觀成為可能。make后跟it作形式賓語(yǔ)為固定用法，短語(yǔ)make it pssible fr“使……成為可能”。故填it。
42．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：中國(guó)古代的建筑師特別注重裝飾，根據(jù)特定的建筑功能或地方習(xí)俗使用不同的色彩或繪畫。此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞Architects，先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞wh。故填wh。
43．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：雕刻的梁，畫的椽，各種圖案，雕刻的板和壁畫被用來(lái)增加一個(gè)豐富多彩的和美麗的風(fēng)格內(nèi)部。表示“被用來(lái)做某事”短語(yǔ)為be used t d sth.。故填t add。
44．考查冠詞。句意：建筑物的外面裝飾有石獅、屏風(fēng)、裝飾柱和鮮花。此處特指古建筑的外部，utside前應(yīng)用定冠詞the。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填The。
45．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：許多由著名建筑師設(shè)計(jì)的古建筑每年都吸引著許多游客。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知design在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)buildings構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填designed。
46．One pssible versin:
Dear guests, teachers and fellw students,
I’m Li Hua, chairman f the Students’ Unin. First, please allw me, n behalf f ur schl, t extend the warmest welcme t ur distinguished guests frm Lndn. And we are hnred t have the chance t play a friendly match with yu.
Established in the 1950s, ur ftball team enjys a gd reputatin as ne f the tp teams thrughut the prvince, winning ne champinship after anther. Nw it has 50 members and 4 caches. Tday’s friendly match is a glden pprtunity fr yung players frm Britain and China t develp ftballing skills and enhance ur friendship.
Finally, I heartily wish the match a remarkable success. Thank yu!
【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生寫一篇?dú)g迎辭，歡迎來(lái)自倫敦的參加友誼賽的學(xué)生、簡(jiǎn)單介紹校足球隊(duì)并對(duì)比賽表達(dá)祝愿。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
首先：first→first f all
增強(qiáng)：enhance→strengthen
最后：finally→at last
衷心地，真誠(chéng)地：heartily→sincerely
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：And we are hnred t have the chance t play a friendly match with yu.
拓展句：And we are hnred t have the chance that we can play a friendly match with yu.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Established in the 1950s, ur ftball team enjys a gd reputatin as ne f the tp teams thrughut the prvince, winning ne champinship after anther.（句中運(yùn)用了過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）
【高分句型2】Tday’s friendly match is a glden pprtunity fr yung players frm Britain and China t develp ftballing skills and enhance ur friendship.（句中運(yùn)用了不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)fr sb. t d sth.）
47．Paragraph 1：
“Are yu sure yu want t thrw that ut?” he asked. My thrat twisted int a knt. “It's brken,” I murmured. “That's a simple repair. Cme.” In their apartment, Mr Chen spread the brken pieces ut like a jigsaw puzzle. After finding each match, he taught me t delicately rebuild the bwl, filling in the crack lines with a special paint. Finally, the bwl was tgether again. I held it gently in the palm f my hand and admired it fr lng. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as befre. I culdn't wait t shw it t Mm and rushed back hme.
Paragraph 2：
I brught the repaired bwl int her rm. Obviusly, she was mre than surprised t see the bwl again. “It's amazing” she marveled, running her fingertip ver the fixed cracks. “Mr Chen helped me mend it. He is a superb craftsman,” I said with a grin. “Definitely. After being repaired, it lks much strnger than befre” said Mm, smiling radiantly. I sat n the edge f her bed, and Mm reached ut t me. Our hands jined with crisscrssed fingers, we bth knew this was a new beginning.
【分析】本文以一個(gè)舉家遷移的小男孩人主要人物，展開描寫。主要講述了一個(gè)名叫本杰明的小男孩因搬入新的居所，感到很不適應(yīng)，對(duì)媽媽很不理解。因?yàn)橐恢凰に榈耐耄c媽媽發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。然后，在陳先生的幫助下，修復(fù)了這只碗，從而消除了母子之間的隔閡。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“他問我是否確定要扔掉那些碎片?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者在中國(guó)匠人陳先生的幫助下，修復(fù)了摔碎的碗。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我把修復(fù)好的碗拿給媽媽看”可知，第二段可描寫作者將修復(fù)好的碗給媽媽展示，從而消除了母子之間的隔閡。
2.續(xù)寫線索：修復(fù)——完成——喜出望外——向媽媽展示——微笑——心貼心
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①.散開：spread ut/fan ut/scatter
②.欣賞：admire/appreciate/enjy
③.猛沖：rush/strm/run
情緒類
①.驚嘆：marvel/amaze
②.喜氣洋洋地：radiantly/cheerfully/brightly
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]. She marveled, running her fingertip ver the fixed cracks.（由running現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）
[高分句型2]. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as befre.（由形容詞different作狀語(yǔ)）
[高分句型3]. Our hands jined with crisscrssed fingers, we bth knew this was a new beginning.（名詞hands+過去分詞jined構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）

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