?2023-2024-1雅禮中學高二上入學考試
英語
第一部分 聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
4 Best Places to Travel in 2023
2023 is the year when travel returns in a big way. To get you started, we’ve rounded up some of the best places to travel in 2023. All you need to do is pick the place that appeals to you.
Copenhagen
With its fantastic houses, clean streets and colorful architecture, Copenhagen is regarded as the most livable city on the earth. Named the World Capital of Architecture for 2023, Copenhagen will offer a series of major artistic events and programs sure to delight architects and design lovers.
Bhutan
For travelers with a sense of adventure and a love of discovery, Bhutan has always been a must-go destination. In 2023, travelers can once again explore the Trans Bhutan Trail, which runs 250 miles from east to west, offering visits to the century-old communities along the journey. The trail spans (橫跨)18 major bridges and national parks and connects more than 400 historic and cultural sites.
Bordeaux
The coming years will be sporty in the historical wine region of Bordeaux in France. In 2023, the city will host the Rugby World Cup, an intense and stressful game. Beyond sports, Bordeaux is one of the favorite historical cities, with more than 350 structures that are either nationally or regionally listed as historical monuments.
Namibia
Wildlife and adventure lovers looking for a unique path in African Safari trips should head straight to Namibia in 2023 — this country in southern Africa is the perfect place to travel to reconnect with nature and escape the modern stresses of life. On the wildlife front, you may see lions along with giraffes and elephants.
1. What is Copenhagen well-known for?
A. The natural landscape. B. The adventure travel.
C. Eye-catching architecture. D. Famous art designers.
2. What can you visit on the Trans Bhutan Trail?
A. Modern communities. B. Cultural relics.
C. Historical wine regions. D. National monuments.
3. Which place attracts those who want to be free from stressful city life?
A. Copenhagen. B. Bhutan. C. Bordeaux. D. Namibia.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了4個2023年最佳旅行地點：哥本哈根、不丹、波爾多、納米比亞，以及它們的特色。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個小標題 Copenhagen 中的“With its fantastic houses, clean streets and colorful architecture, Copenhagen is regarded as the most livable city on the earth. (哥本哈根擁有夢幻般的房屋、干凈的街道和色彩繽紛的建筑，被認為是地球上最宜居的城市)”可知，哥本哈根因其吸引人的建筑而聞名，故選C。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個小標題 Bhutan 中的“The trail spans (橫跨)18 major bridges and national parks and connects more than 400 historic and cultural sites.(這條步道橫跨18座主要橋梁和國家公園，連接了400多個歷史文化景點)”可知，在Trans Bhutan Trail上可以欣賞很多文化遺跡，故選B。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四個小標題Namibia中的“this country in southern Africa is the perfect place to travel to reconnect with nature and escape the modern stresses of life.(這個位于非洲南部的國家是重新接觸自然、逃離現(xiàn)代生活壓力的理想之地)”可知，Namibia是一個可以讓人親近自然，逃離城市生活帶來的壓力的地方，故選D。
B
Derek and Shirley walked out of the airport building and into the bright sunshine. Looking up at the brilliant blue sky and then at the faraway mountains rising above the swaying palm trees, they couldn’t wait to start their holiday.
A taxi pulled up swiftly and silently. Derek dropped their suitcases into the boot and joined Shirley in the back seat. “Palm Trees Hotel, please,” Derek said excitedly. “Certainly, sir,” replied the driver, as he turned around with a flashing white smile. Derek and Shirley gave each other a puzzled look as the taxi eased smoothly into the traffic. “Excuse me, er, your face seems very familiar—in fact, you remind us of that famous film star, Rocky Overton... but of course, you can’t be.”
Derek and Shirley sat in silent disbelief as the driver explained that he was not a real person, but a robot made to look like a famous actor. “Rocky” explained that the taxi company had purchased the latest model of robot drivers since they were programmed to be safer and more reliable than human drivers. “So, here I am,” “Rocky” continued, “your first robot taxi driver!”
Derek and Shirley held each other’s hands more lightly. “Relax,” “Rocky” reassured them, “there is nothing for you to worry about. I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent. I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions, and I know every street in the city. I am instantly updated with the latest traffic information so that I can avoid traffic jams and get you to your destination in the quickest and least stressful manner. Please sit back, relax and enjoy the journey.”
Derek and Shirley, feeling a little better, leaned back in their seats and closed their eyes. “And another thing,” “Rocky” added, “my line of robots represents the ultimate (最高典范) in computer technology. I am beautifully designed, made from only the best materials and subject to the strictest quality checks. Therefore, you are entirely safe with me. Nothing could possibly go wrong... could possibly go wrong, wrong… go wrong…”
4. Why did Derek and Shirley feel puzzled when they got into the taxi?
A. Because the driver was a robot.
B. Because the driver was Rocky Overton.
C. Because the driver gave them a big smile.
D. Because the driver looked like a famous actor.
5 What do we know about the taxi driver “Rocky”?
A. It has the perfect vision and superior reactions.
B. It is the first robot taxi driver in the world.
C. It is instantly updated with the latest news.
D. It has never get stuck in traffic jams.
6. What does the underlined word “reassured” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Threatened. B. Persuaded. C. Surprised. D. Comforted.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Robot drivers are perfectly designed.
B. Robot drivers are able to repeat the words.
C. Robot drivers are not so reliable as expected.
D. Robot drivers are not safer than human drivers.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是Derek和Shirley去度假，走出機場乘坐一輛機器人司機的出租車前往目的地的經(jīng)歷。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Derek and Shirley gave each other a puzzled look as the taxi eased smoothly into the traffic. “Excuse me, er, your face seems very familiar—in fact, you remind us of that famous film star, Rocky Overton... but of course, you can’t be.”(當出租車平穩(wěn)地駛入車流時，Derek 和 Shirley面面相覷?！安缓靡馑?，呃，你的臉看起來很眼熟——事實上，你讓我們想起了那個著名的電影明星Rocky Overton……當然，你不可能?！?”可知，Derek 和Shirley覺得這名出租車司機很熟悉，很像電影明星Rocky Overton而感到很迷惑，由此可知，他們迷惑的原因是出租車司機看起來像著名的電影演員。故選D項。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions, and I know every street in the city.(我擁有完美的視力和卓越的反應能力，而且我熟悉這座城市的每一條街道。)”可知，機器人司機Rocky說它有著完美的視力和出色的反應力。故選A項。
【6題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Derek and Shirley held each other’s hands more lightly. “Relax,”(德里克和雪莉更輕地握著彼此的手?！胺潘?，”)”以及劃線單詞后的“there is nothing for you to worry about. I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent.(你們不必擔心什么。我可以向你你們保證我的駕駛技術非常好。)”可知，當機器人司機見到Derek和Shirley感到緊張的時候，讓他們放松，并說沒什么可擔憂的，并向他們兩個保證自己的駕駛技術是最出色的，由此可推斷，這是機器人司機在“安慰”Derek 和Shirley，所以該單詞的意思是“安慰”符合語境。故選D項。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Nothing could possibly go wrong... could possibly go wrong, wrong… go wrong…(不可能出什么差錯……可能會出錯，出錯……出錯……)”可知，機器人司機在說著話的時候出現(xiàn)了問題，由此可以推斷，機器人司機并沒有如它所說的那么的可靠。故選C項。
C
Cetaceans(鯨目動物) communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially. Their sounds vary between species and within communities. The long-finned pilot whales can mimic (模仿) artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.
Pilot whales and orcas(虎鯨)，the two largest species of cetaceans, are often seen in the same environments and are similar sizes, and both live in social groups with strong union, says Charlotte Cure, a researcher at CEREMA Lab in France, who was not involved in the study. Orcas compete for food with long-finned pilot whales and are potentially their predators.
Evidence from orca stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales. But pilot whales can mob(成群田住) and chase them away, the only cetaceans seen defending themselves from the strong enemies in this way.
Mimicry could serve as additional defense; “One assumption is that if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey," Erbe says. Pilot whales eating orcas' food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls. “This is all underwater," she adds, “so these animals rely on sound for detecting their prey and predators.”Long-finned pilot whales have shown an ability to distinguish between orca calls with different meanings; Cure suggests that instead of tricking orcas, the callers could instead be presenting a new orca sound to other group members.
Additional work would confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring. Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals' interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales' reactions.
But if a future experiment used predatory sounds, it would need to be done. very carefully.“A reaction to a predator can be very strong," Cure says.“In some protected areas, you are not allowed to do more than two predatory playbacks per year."
8. Which of the following is NOT shared by the pilot whales and orcas?
A. They communicate through sound.
B. They often live in the same environments.
C. They can defend themselves through mimicry.
D. They always live together with other group members.
9. What do we know from the fourth paragraph?
A. The pilot whales mimic the sounds to detect their prey.
B. The pilot whales only mimic one kind of the sounds of the orcas.
C. The pilot whales can pretend to be orcas to share the food remains.
D. The pilot whales can distinguish different meanings of orca calls to trick them.
10. How do the researchers confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring?
A. By observing the whales from the distance.
B. By mimicking the sounds in the experiment.
C. By analyzing the data from the cetacean sound book.
D. By listening or playing the sounds and watching the whales' reactions.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Pilot Whales: Copy Orca Calls B. How Orcas Mimic Pilot Whale Calls
C. How Pilot Whales Defend Themselves D. Orcas and Pilot Whales: Predators and Prey
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主題語境是人與自然，講述長肢領航鯨擁有模仿虎鯨聲音的能力。
【8題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，pilot whales可以模仿聲音，但并未提及orcas可以模仿聲音。A選項根據(jù)第一句話“Cetaceans(鯨目動物) communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially.（鯨目動物通過聲音交流來尋找食物和社交。）”可以看出來；B選項根據(jù)第二段中的“...are often seen in the same environments（經(jīng)常在相同的環(huán)境中被看見）”可以看出來；D選項根據(jù)第二段中的“…live in social groups with strong union”(...他們都是群居動物)可以看出來。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Pilot whales eating orcas' food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls.”（如果領航鯨使用類似虎鯨的聲音，那它們吃虎鯨的食物殘渣便不會被發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，領航鯨可以假裝是虎鯨來分享食物殘渣。故選C。
【10題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。通過倒數(shù)第二段“Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals' interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales' reactions.”（研究人員可以將他們聽覺的數(shù)據(jù)和直接觀察到的野生動物之間的互動進行匹配，甚至可以播放虎鯨的聲音、觀察長肢領航鯨的反應）可知，通過播放虎鯨的聲音來觀察領航鯨的反應。故選D。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The long-finned pilot whales can mimic artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.（長鰭領航鯨可以模仿人工噪音，但之前沒有人對它們進行過記錄。然而，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯨類動物的聲音書中有重疊部分。）”，可以得出本文是講述長肢領航鯨擁有模仿虎鯨聲音的能力。故選A。
D
Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆轉的)neuron loss.
But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nose, ”a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson’s patients.
It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson’s patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.
Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson’s tend to produce more sebum (皮脂)than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.
To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson’s patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson’s sebum.
These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.
12. What makes it difficult for Parkinson’s patients to get effective treatment?
A. Its medications are in short supply.
B. It involves irreversible neuron loss.
C. Its early signs are not easy to notice.
D. It’s not a curable disease medically.
13. What did the Scottish nurse find?
A. Her husband’s body gave off a strange smell.
B. Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.
C. A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.
D. A smell could relieve her husband’s Parkinson’s symptoms.
14. What will the researchers do concerning their invention?
A. Put it into clinical use.
B. Conduct a broader test.
C. Create more lab models.
D. Expand its market outside the U. S.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s
B. Parkinson’s patients produce more sebum
C. People living with Parkinson’s are on the rise
D. Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson’s
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是患有帕金森病的患者在獲得有效的救治之前往往很難發(fā)現(xiàn)早期的癥狀，針對于這個問題研究人員研發(fā)出了一種可以檢測出患者在身體癥狀出現(xiàn)之前的特有氣味的便攜式設備——“電子鼻”。
【12題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆轉的)neuron loss.(在正確的時間獲得有效治療的一個主要問題是，在患者經(jīng)歷不可逆的神經(jīng)元損失帶來的癥狀之前，盡快確定疾病。)”可知只有盡快確定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正確的時間里得到有效的救治，所以可以推斷出早期癥狀的難以發(fā)現(xiàn)使帕金森患者得到有效救治變得困難。故選C項。
【13題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis(但2015年，蘇格蘭一名退休護士因為她敏銳的嗅覺幫助其丈夫被診斷出帕金森病而上了頭條。)”可知這名蘇格蘭退休護士發(fā)現(xiàn)她丈夫的身體發(fā)出一種特殊的氣味。故選A項。
【14題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way.(這些都是令人鼓舞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要在更多的人身上進行測試，以提高模型的準確性。他們還需要測試種族等因素是否會以任何方式影響電子鼻的性能。)”可知為了提高模型的準確性，在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要進行更廣泛的測試。故選B項。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講的是電子鼻出現(xiàn)的背景——帕金森病人在得到正確救治之前很難發(fā)現(xiàn)其癥狀，第二、三、四和五段主要圍繞著電子鼻的研發(fā)，測試及功效展開，最后一段“These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1. 2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.(這些都是令人鼓舞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要在更多的人身上進行測試，以提高模型的準確性。他們還需要測試種族等因素是否會以任何方式影響電子鼻的性能。但目前，美國帕金森患者的數(shù)量預計將上升到120萬。到2030年，電子鼻可能是檢測這種疾病的最佳選擇。)”向我們展示了電子鼻的使用前景，對全文進行總結?？v觀全文，文章都是在圍繞著一種能夠測出帕金森患者身上特有氣味的電子鼻展開，所以A項This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s作為文章的標題最為合適。故選A項。
第二節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
How to Strengthen Your Willpower
Researchers find willpower is like a muscle—it may get tired from over use. So, if it acts like a muscle, can it also be strengthened? The answer is YES. ____16____
1. Ten minutes of reflection
Reflection will give you the fater results. ____17____ Researchers show that after just 2—3 days of practicing thinking for 10 minutes, your brain will be able to focus better, you will have more energy, and you aill be less stressed.
2. Work on your posture
Work on your posture for a 2-week period. Every time you catch yourself slouching(懶散) correct it by sitting up straight. This simple practice can vastly improve your perseverance.
3. Use your opposite hand
Select a chunk(塊) of the day to use your opposite hand. ____18____ And from personal experience, if you aim for more than an hour, you will unnecessarily tire out your willpower muscle.
4. Correct your speech
Change your natural speech. ____19____ Again, it takes willpower to consciously go against your instincts. It doesn’t matter how you correct your speech, as long as you change natural speech habits.
To get started, select a chunk of the day to practice and choose the words you will change. Personally, I tried not using contractions during work hours and it worked very well.
Above are some effective ways to strengthen your perseverance. Do not try to do all at once. ____20____ You should start small and gradually build up as your muscles get stronger.
A. Training your willpower muscle is like training for a marathon.
B. This even includes resisting the urge to say “hello” instead of “hey”.
C. You will be more mentally strong.
D. With the right practice willpower can be strengthened.
E. It can make your brain focus and resist the urge to wander.
F. Be more conscious of your automic decisions.
G. It doesn’t need to be more than an hour in order to get results.
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. G 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【分析】本文為介紹說明文。文章就“如何增強你的毅力”為讀者提供了一些建議和方法。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)前文的So, if it acts like a muscle, can it also be strengthened? The answer is YES.可知，D項“如果加以訓練，毅力也可以被加強”承接上文。故選D。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)下文的your brain will be able to focus better與E選項中make your brain focus對應，本段介紹沉思對鍛煉毅力所起的作用。故選E。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)此處前后內(nèi)容都與時間有關，介紹每天使用相反的手的時間，G選項中的more than an hour是關鍵詞組。故選G。
【19題詳解】
本段內(nèi)容是關于通過糾正語言來達到鍛煉毅力的目的，B選項的內(nèi)容恰好和語言有關。故選B。
【20題詳解】
最后一段中作者建議人們要循序漸進地去鍛煉毅力，A選項內(nèi)容符合此處語境。故選A。
【名師點睛】
在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，正確理解了這些句子后，根據(jù)意思的連貫性、邏輯性或者線索詞從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎上，再利用線索特征詞等進一步確認答案。如本題中的第1小題，根據(jù)空前句子So, if it acts like a muscle, can it also be strengthened? The answer is YES. （那么，如果它像肌肉一樣，它也能被加強嗎？答案是肯定的）可知，此處應是對毅力也可以加強的描述，再對比選項，D選項中的willpower can be strengthened（毅力能被加強）與此處語境相符，由此可確定正確答案。
第三部分 語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. The ____21____ is in Antarctica, and one of the key ____22____ is the ability to count penguins(企鵝).
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust ____23____ four postmen to live on the island from November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it ____24____ as a museum. Although employees each have unique ____25____ , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the ____26____ place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also ____27____ environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring.
Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly ____28____. The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications ____29____ for the position. They are mainly ____30____ to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real ____31____ for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense of community. You’ve got to ____32____ , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of ____33____,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is ____34____. The total experience offers both a different ____35____ towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet. ”
21. A. centre B. position C. aim D. unit
22. A. requirements B. characteristics C. virtues D. activities
23. A. persuades B. instructs C. encourages D. hires
24. A. exists B. transforms C. doubles D. develops
25 A. tastes B. talents C. roles D. backgrounds
26. A. temporary B. historic C. grand D. magical
27. A. in favor of B. in need of C. in possession of D. in charge of
28. A. paid B. sought-after C. hard-won D. respectable
29. A. annually B. weekly C. monthly D. daily
30. A. invited B. devoted C. related D. drawn
31. A. joy B. lesson C. effort D. shock
32. A. get along B. show off C. break through D. give in
33. A. loneliness B. eagerness C. looseness D. togetherness
34. A. consistent B. rewarding C. potential D. pure
35. A. entrance B. answer C. attitude D. introduction
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了位于南極洲的洛克雷港郵局的招聘吸引了很多人，在那里員工不僅要收集環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)和監(jiān)測野生動物，還要負責數(shù)金鵝。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該職位在南極洲，其中一個關鍵要求是能夠數(shù)企鵝。A. centre中心；B. position職位；C. aim目標；D. unit單位。根據(jù)上文“This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. (今年，世界各地有數(shù)百人正在申請一份理想的工作，以經(jīng)營世界上最偏遠的郵局洛克羅伊港。)”可知，此處表示該職位在南極洲，故選B項。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該職位在南極洲，其中一個關鍵要求是能夠數(shù)企鵝。A. requirements要求；B. characteristics特征；C. virtues美德；D. activities活動。根據(jù)空后“is the ability to count penguins(企鵝)”可知，此處表示其中一個關鍵的要求是能夠數(shù)企鵝。故選A項。
【23題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每年，英國南極遺產(chǎn)信托基金都會雇用四名郵遞員從11月到3月住在島上。A. persuades說服；B. instructs指示；C. encourages鼓勵；D. hires雇用。根據(jù)上文“applying for a desired job”和下文“employees”可知，此處表示聘用四名郵遞員，故選D項。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞辨析。句意：除了是一家擁有近80年歷史的英國郵局外，它還兼作博物館。A. exists存在；B. transforms轉移；C. doubles雙倍；D. develops發(fā)展。前面提到洛克雷港是一個“post office”，空后又提到“as a museum”，故此處表示該郵局兼作博物館。double as表示“兼作”，故選C項。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然每個員工都有獨特的角色，但他們合作負責保護歷史名勝和照顧成千上萬的游客。A. tastes品味；B. talents人才；C. roles職能，角色；D. backgrounds背景。根據(jù)下文“they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the ____6____ place and caring for the thousands of tourists.”可知，此處表示員工各司其職，故選C項。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然每個員工都有獨特的角色，但他們合作負責保護歷史名勝和照顧成千上萬的游客。A. temporary暫時的；B. historic歷史的；C. grand大的；D. magical魔法的。根據(jù)上文“a nearly 80-year-old British-owned”和空前“preserving”可知，空處表示有歷史意義的地方。故選B項。
27題詳解】
考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：工作人員還負責環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)收集和野生動物監(jiān)測。A. in favor of贊成；B. in need of需要；C. in possession of占有；D. in charge of負責。根據(jù)空前的“also”可知，本空應與前面的“responsible for”在含義上接近，故用in charge of表示“負責”，故選D項。
【28題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，它仍然還是很搶手。A. paid有償?shù)?；B. sought-after搶手的；C. hard-won來之不易的；D. respectable受人尊敬的。根據(jù)前文“there’s not much time for relaxation and rest”可知這份工作沒有多少時間休息和放松，再結合“Still(盡管如此)”可知，它仍然很搶手，故選B項。
【29題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：英國南極遺產(chǎn)信托基金每年收到數(shù)百份該職位的申請。A. annually每年；B. weekly每周；C. monthly每月；D. daily每天。根據(jù)上文中的“This year, hundreds of people-desired job”和下文中的“the 2019-2020 season”可知，此處表示英國南極遺產(chǎn)信托基金每年都會收到大量申請該職位的信。故選A項。
【30題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們主要被洛克羅伊港吸引，因為它的歷史和科學意義。A. invited邀請；B. devoted投入；C. related相關；D. drawn吸引。根據(jù)空后“both for its history and its scientific significance”可知，求職者們是被它的歷史和科學意義吸引。故選D項。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這對她來說是一種真正的快樂。A. joy喜悅；B. lesson教訓；C. effort努力；D. shock休克。根據(jù)前文“Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying”可知該職位很搶手，但是Lucy Dorman申請成功了，再結合下文中的“I really love”可知，此處表示對她來說，獲得這個職位很讓她開心。故選A項。
【32題詳解】
考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：你得與人和睦相處，因為你們不能輕易地離開對方。A. get along相處；B. show off炫耀；C. break through突破；D. give in屈服。根據(jù)前文“a real sense of community”和下文中的“you can’t get away from each other very easily.”可知，此處表示你得與人和睦相處，故選A項。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我真的很喜歡那種團結”，她說。A. loneliness孤獨；B. eagerness渴望；C. looseness松弛；D. togetherness和睦相處。據(jù)前文“a real sense of community”和下文中的“you can’t get away from each other very easily.”可知，此處表示Lucy Dorman喜歡那種和睦相處，故選D項。
【34題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你在這里能取得的成就是有益的。A. consistent持續(xù)的；B. rewarding有益的；C. potential有潛力的；D. pure純粹的。根據(jù)空前的“what you can achieve here”和下文中的“The total experience offers. your function on the planet.”可知，此處表示你在這里獲得的東西很有益。故選B項。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：整體體驗既提供了對世界的不同看法，也提供了對您在地球上的功能的新觀點。A. entrance入口；B. answer回答；C. attitude看法；D. introduction介紹。根據(jù)空前“offers both a different”及空后的“a new viewpoint”可知，空處應為與“a new viewpoint”相對應，，表示對世界的不同看法，故選C項。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water ____36____ (use) on coastal farms. As ____37____ result, farmers are ____38____ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea.
However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a ____39____ (mix) of sea and fresh water ____40____ (grow) healthy and tasty vegetables.
He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm ____41____ eight irrigated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity(含鹽度).
The water levels and the levels of salinity were controlled by computerized measuring ____42____ (device) called “sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables ____43____ (be) smaller than those grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much ____44____ (good).
He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan _____45_____ thousands of hectares of land were damaged by salinization last year.
【答案】36. used
37. a 38. gradually
39. mixture
40. to grow
41. into 42. devices
43. were 44. better
45. where
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了氣候變化使海平面上升，對海岸附近的種植業(yè)產(chǎn)生了影響，但荷蘭的一位農(nóng)民利用海水和淡水的混合物種出了美味的蔬菜。
【36題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：這增加了沿海農(nóng)場使用的淡水含鹽量。分析句子結構可知，已有謂語動詞has increased，空處需填非謂語動詞作定語，water和use之間為邏輯動賓關系，需填過去分詞形式。故填used。
【37題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：因此，農(nóng)民們逐漸無法使用靠海的田地。as a result為固定短語，意為“因此，結果”。故填a。
【38題詳解】
考查副詞。句意同上?？仗幮揎梽釉~短語be unable to，需用副詞作狀語。故填gradually。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：然而，荷蘭農(nóng)民Marc Van Rijsselberg現(xiàn)在正在使用海水和淡水的混合物來種植健康美味的蔬菜。不定冠詞a修飾名詞，空處需填名詞mixture，a mixture of為固定短語，意為“……的混合物”。故填mixture。
40題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。use sth. to do sth.為固定搭配，表示“使用某物做某事”，空處需填動詞不定式。故填to grow。
【41題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：他與來自自由大學的科學家合作，將一個農(nóng)場分成八個灌溉區(qū)。divide…into…為固定搭配，表示“把……分成……”。故填into。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：水位和含鹽量是由稱為“傳感器”的計算機測量裝置控制的。空處需填名詞作賓語，device為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，且沒有冠詞限定，需用名詞復數(shù)形式。故填devices。
【43題詳解】
考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他說，這些蔬菜比在淡水中種植的蔬菜要小。said后面為省略了that的賓語從句，從句缺少謂語，根據(jù)said可知，從句使用一般過去時，主語為the vegetables，謂語動詞使用復數(shù)形式。故填were。
【44題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級。句意：但他說，它們也含有更多的糖和鹽，所以味道要好得多。tasted為系動詞，后面接形容詞作表語，much修飾形容詞比較級。故填better。
【45題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：Van Rijsselberg先生說，四種土豆將被送往巴基斯坦，那里去年有數(shù)千公頃的土地因鹽堿化而受損?？仗幰龑ФㄕZ從句，先行詞Pakistan在定語從句中作地點狀語，需用關系副詞where引導從句。故填where。
第四部分 寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
46. 假如你將來要開一家餐館或面包店，請你用英語簡單描述。要點：
1. 開店地點；
2. 目標消費者；
3. 經(jīng)營方向及特色。
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)80左右；
2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I’ve always wanted to open a dessert parlor since I was little, because I have a sweet tooth, there’s nothing in the world I’d like more than to eat sweets every day. So you see, to run a small business like that would be a dream come true for me.
If it’s possible, I would like to open my shop as soon as I graduate from college, and I prefer to do it in a foreign country, because I want to introduce traditional Chinese desserts to foreign friends. We know that Chinese cuisine is popular all around the globe, but not many people know about Chinese pastry and stuff, so I guess it would be a good opportunity for foreigners to get to know more about our desserts. And no offence, but in my personal opinion, they are more palatable than those western deserts.
And the decoration in my parlor must be full of Chinese flavor as well. The main color of the room would be Chinese red, which brings passion.
【解析】
【導語】本篇書面表達是一篇開放性作文。要求考生英語簡單描述自己將來要開一家餐館或面包店的情況。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
想要做某事：want to do sth.→would like to do sth.
充滿：be full of→be filled with
在我看來：in my opinion→as far as I’m concerned
了解：know→understand
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：And the decoration in my parlor must be full of Chinese flavor as well.
拓展句：And the decoration in my parlor must be full of Chinese flavor as well, which is wonderful.
【點睛】[高分句型1]
If it’s possible, I would like to open my shop as soon as I graduate from college, and I prefer to do it in a foreign country, because I want to introduce traditional Chinese desserts to foreign friends.（運用了if引導條件狀語從句，because引導原因狀語從句）
[高分句型2]
The main color of the room would be Chinese red, which brings passion.（運用了which引導非限制性定語從句）
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
47. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。
When Jackie came to his first piano lesson in his mother’s car, he was already 11 years old. I preferred students begin at an earlier age, but owing to his insistence(堅持), I took him as a student. As much as Jackie tried, he lacked the sense of tone and basic rhythm (節(jié)奏). At the end of each lesson, he’d say, “My mom’s going to hear me play someday.” But it seemed hopeless. I only knew his mother from a distance as she waited in her aged car, but never stepped in.
Then one day Jackie stopped coming to our lessons. I thought about calling him but assumed, because of his lack of ability, that he had decided to quit. I also was glad that he stopped coming — he was a bad advertisement for my teaching!
Several weeks later I mailed to the students’ homes a letter on the upcoming concert. Surprisingly, Jackie received and asked me if he could be in the concert. I told him that the concert was not for dropouts, but for current pupils. He said that his mom had been sick and unable to take him to piano lessons but he was still practicing. I didn’t know what led me to agree eventually.
The night for the concert came. The high school gymnastics was packed with parents and friends. I put up Jackie last in the program. I thought that any damage he would do would come at the end of the program and the negative effect would reduce to the minimum (最小值).
The concert went off smoothly. Then Jackie came up on stage. His clothes were wrinkled (皺巴巴的) and his hair looked messy (凌亂的). “Why didn’t his mother at least make him comb his hair for this special night?” I thought.
注意：1. 續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右 2. 請按如下格式在相應位置作答
Unexpectedly, Jackie chose Mozart’s Concerto 21 in C Major.________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I held Jackie firmly in great joy, asking “How did you do it?”________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Unexpectedly, Jackie chose Mozart’s Concerto 21 in C Major. Jackie pulled out the piano bench and began his performance. In fact, I was not fully prepared for what I heard next. His fingers were dancing on keys, which made me extremely shocked. Never had I heard Mozart played so well by people of his age. After six and a half minutes, he ended up very well. Everyone at present was wild with great excitement and was on their feet, breaking into loud applause. After the performance, he stepped off the stage.
I held Jackie firmly in great joy, asking “How did you do it?” “Well…remember I told you my mom was sick?” He explained, with tears rolling in her eyes, “In the past few months, she has always accompanied and encouraged me. Actually she had cancer, with little chance to survive. Today, I didn’t let her down.” After hearing his word, tears were welling up in my eyes. And at that moment, I realized it was he that taught me the true meaning of perseverance and love.
【解析】
【導語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者接收了一個來學鋼琴的學生Jackie，雖然Jackie很努力，但是一直缺乏樂感，每次下課后他總是說：“我媽媽總有一天會聽到我演奏的”。但是他一直沒有進展。有一天，Jackie沒有來上課，作者以為他放棄了，但是幾周之后，當作者要舉辦音樂會時，Jackie來了，并懇求作者答應讓他上臺表演。作者最終答應了。音樂會那晚，作者看到Jackie后很擔心他把自己的音樂會搞砸了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“出乎意料地，Jackie選擇了演奏Mozart’s Concerto C大調(diào)第21協(xié)奏曲?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫Jackie在舞臺上的表現(xiàn)，觀眾的反應以及作者心情的變化。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我開心地緊緊抓住Jackie，并問他：你是怎么做到的？”可知，第二段可描寫Jackie講述自己能做到的原因以及作者的感悟。
2.續(xù)寫線索：驚訝——擔心——開心——問原因——解釋——感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①演奏：dancing on keys / played so well / marvelled at his excellent piano playing
②.眼含熱淚：tears rolling in his eyes / tears welling up
情緒類
①.驚訝的：shocked/astonished/amazed
②.興奮的：wild with great excitement / thrilled/breaking into loud applause
【點睛】[高分句型1]. His fingers were dancing on keys, which made me extremely shocked.（由連接詞which引導的定語從句）
[高分句型2]. Never had I heard Mozart played so well by people of his age.（否定詞Never放句首，句子部分倒裝）
[高分句型3]. And at that moment, I realized it was he that taught me the true meaning of perseverance and love.（強調(diào)句型）


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