
?專題20 完形填空題講解與練習(xí)
一、 利用首句信息進(jìn)行判斷
完形填空一般無標(biāo)題,首句一般不設(shè)空,往往是全文的關(guān)鍵句,或者稱為主導(dǎo)句,通常起著開啟、概括或貫穿全文的作用。記敘文首句往往介紹事件發(fā)生的時(shí)潤、地點(diǎn)、人物或起因等細(xì)節(jié)信息,說明文和議論文般通過文章首句點(diǎn)明全文的主題。?仔細(xì)分析文章的首句,往往維獲取許多解題信息,從而節(jié)省考生的做題時(shí)間。
1.利用首句可以幫助我們判斷文章的體裁,捕捉文章的要素,預(yù)測文章的發(fā)展。
若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四個(gè)W,那么就是記敘文,很可能就是一個(gè)故事,為了測試語篇的理解能力,出題者特別注意選材的趣味性,其結(jié)尾往往出人意料,耐人尋味;若首句是提出或解釋說明某事物,一般來說是說明文;若首句提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn),那么就是議論文。
[典例]
Recently, a man showed up at Denny's restaurant in Utah with a special request. And as it turned out, the reason behind his particular 41 is a proof that kindness makes all things work together forever! The man asked if he could be 42 (served) by a waitress who was a single mother. Though it seemed a bit strange, the restaurant owner was 43 to meet his request and seated him in the service section belonging to a 44 (waitress) named Crystal.
41.A.demand B. identity C. survey D. power
43.A.happy B. unfortunate C. confident D. unwilling
”Recently, a man showed up at Denny's restaurant in Utah with a special request“作為首段首句,包含著兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞”restaurant”和"request”。"restaurant”表明故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn),”request"是推動(dòng)文章情節(jié)發(fā)展的主要因素。第41題的答案demand照應(yīng)request,為同義復(fù)現(xiàn);第43題在餐廳”的背景下,餐廳老板雖感到奇怪但仍”高興地”滿足他的要求并讓其坐在Crystal 的服務(wù)區(qū)域內(nèi)。
答案:41.A 43.A
二、利用語境進(jìn)行推測
近幾年高考英語完形填空的最大特點(diǎn)是重點(diǎn)考查語境理解。整篇完形填空就是一個(gè)大語境,里面存在若干“微語境”,既環(huán)環(huán)相扣,又交叉包容,另外,所詞語境,就是指文章上下文之間的聯(lián)系,它們之間形成相互提示或相互反襯的作用。正因?yàn)橥晷翁羁疹}主要考查考生對語境的理解能力,所以空格的間后多有的暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)??忌谧鲱}時(shí),一定要取系上下文, 結(jié)合語境辨析所給選項(xiàng),從中選出最符合語境的選項(xiàng)。
三、利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題
在完形填空的一部分題目中,考生不需要做出推理判斷,可以利用風(fēng)匯復(fù)現(xiàn)(某一詞在同一語篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn))解題,輕松確定正確答案。這些詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)包括:
(1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn):在上下文中同一詞匯重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
(2)同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn):詞形變化的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn),
(3)同義/近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn):意思相同,相近的表達(dá)方式,或者解釋性的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。
(4)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn):意思相反的表達(dá)方式對應(yīng)復(fù)現(xiàn)。
(5)上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn):總括與分述的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。
四、利用邏輯關(guān)系解題
完形填空對于邏輯關(guān)系的考查有兩種形式,一種是借助邏輯關(guān)系辨析詞義,即把邏輯關(guān)系作為一種解題工具;另一種則直接選擇邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞。
五、 利用固定搭配解題
完形填空題中對詞匯知識的考查,主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩方面。習(xí)慣用法是英語中某種固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),即所謂的“習(xí)語”,不能隨意改動(dòng)。所以,考生平時(shí)應(yīng)掌握好習(xí)慣用法。對詞義辨析題的考查有加大力度的趨勢。要做好這類題,需要有較大的詞匯量和詞語搭配能力、詞語辨析能力,特別是在特定的語境中能靈活運(yùn)用的能力。
六、利用生活常識和文化背景解題
完形填空題的基本形式是獨(dú)立語篇,它以自身的語篇內(nèi)容提供完整的語篇信息,滲透著各類相關(guān)的常識與知識,從文化科學(xué)常識,到地理歷史常識,從風(fēng)俗民情到名族習(xí)慣等等??忌鶕?jù)已經(jīng)掌握的豐富的文化知識和生活常識巧妙地加以運(yùn)用,特別是注意中西方文化方面存在的巨大差異,將會(huì)節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間,順理成章地選出正確答案。另外,利用生活常識和文化背景解題也需要考生結(jié)合邏輯推斷,謹(jǐn)慎選擇。
七、不明詞匯多義和生義理解不透而失分
在完形填空的選項(xiàng)中,有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些多義詞。在英語中,有些單詞有兩個(gè)甚至多個(gè)意思,我們把這種現(xiàn)象稱之為一詞多義。如果考生對這類詞的常見意義掌握得不夠全面,就會(huì)在解答完形填空時(shí)錯(cuò)選或誤選,尤其值得注意的是:近年高考在完形填空中考查熟詞生義有加大的趨勢。在復(fù)習(xí)詞匯的過程中,我們要特別關(guān)注和積累一詞多義,特別是常用動(dòng)詞及其短語。
八、受思維定式影響而失分
考試之前,考生做了大量的題目,考試不可避免地會(huì)在某些地方令考生有似曾相識的感覺,這原本是件好事,但考生的思維定式把這變成了一件壞事。有的考生看題還沒過半,發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的題目老師講解過,立即興奮地動(dòng)筆,有的同字基至常記憶老師講過的解法來依葫蘆畫瓢,卻不知試題的其他條件已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化,錯(cuò)解是必然結(jié)果。完形填空常見的有以下兩種情況:
(1)對一些單詞形成的思維定式
有些同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)英語單詞過于簡單化,僅記其漢語意思,而不深刻理解其實(shí)際用法和用法之間的細(xì)微差異。例如:表示“成功做某事”,不可以用succeed to do sth.來表達(dá)。
(2)學(xué)習(xí)詞組或習(xí)慣用語時(shí)受到思維定式的影響。
例如:學(xué)了wait for這個(gè)詞組以后,有的學(xué)生在做題過程中只要碰到wait,后面要接介詞時(shí)就毫不猶豫地選擇for.但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.“中就不用for.
九、不明作者態(tài)度和感情色彩而失分
快速進(jìn)入文章的意思就是能夠做到整體帶入,換句話說,就是我們要找到所有帶有感情色彩的詞(形容詞和副詞)。而且,高中英語考試的感情色彩簡單,只有兩個(gè):好,壞。 形容詞和副詞往往是用來表達(dá)作者對待一件事物的思想感情的,空前后的內(nèi)容的感情基調(diào)是高興還是悲傷,是積極還是消極,直接決定著這個(gè)空所填形容詞或副詞的感性色彩。閱讀過程中,考生有時(shí)需要把握文章的情感線索,盡量與作者的思想產(chǎn)生共鳴,正確理解作者所要表達(dá)的思想情感或內(nèi)心感受。
十、不能正確把握文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)而失分
文章都是前后連貫,符合邏輯地向前延伸的,因此在解題中必須把握文章的走勢,揣界文章字里行間的意義,選擇與作者思路或意圖相物合的選項(xiàng),例如:上文有因?yàn)?,下文必然有所以:上文有其然,下文必有完形填?br />
其所以然。因此,考生在做完形填空時(shí)不需“隨文應(yīng)變”,不可“一意孤行”。要隨著文段發(fā)展脈絡(luò),調(diào)整預(yù)測偏差。
It was a beautiful, sunny summer day. I was on vacation in Sanya with my family.
Holidaymakers 1 the beach. Shouts and cheers filled my ears. My mother was sitting under a big 2 , reading a book and drinking lemonade. My father was playing volleyball on the 3 sands. Walking along the beach, I could feel a cool summer breeze 4 my cheeks. So eager was I to explore the world in the 5 of sea that I took off my ring I got as a gift from my parents for graduation (beautiful, gold, inscribed(刻字的), full of emotional value) and 6 it in the cup holder of a foldable chair. Beach day continued, and we packed up and 7 back to the hotel. Upon arrival, I suddenly 8 what I’d done—my ring wasn’t on my finger. Panic 9 .
We raced back to the beach with only 20 minutes to 10 before sunset. Get to the beach and locate the 11 area I laid out earlier. We searched it thoroughly, but without luck. My heart 12 and tears rolled down my cheeks. Learning what happened, about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my 13 self search for my ring. And they helped me to the 14 . Suddenly someone 15 and shouted to me “I found it”. They all 16 around me so happy and congratulatory 17 they had won the lottery. My tears of 18 turned into tears of joy and thankfulness for the amazing effort put forth by this 19 faces.
Just as Marianne Williamson 20 it, we experience love as kindness, giving, forgiveness, peace, joy and acceptance. Love can show up in a million different forms.
1.A.a(chǎn)rrived B.crowded C.deserted D.existed
2.A.roof B.shadow C.umbrella D.sky
3.A.cutting B.freezing C.moving D.burning
4.A.brush B.strike C.impress D.seize
5.A.depth B.length C.strength D.growth
6.A.placed B.hide C.remained D.found
7.A.headed B.flew C.escaped D.reached
8.A.declared B.ignored C.shared D.realized
9.A.set in B.set up C.set aside D.set out
10.A.waste B.spare C.save D.rescue
11.A.common B.damp C.general D.calm
12.A.hurt B.crashed C.sank D.suffered
13.A.begging B.sobbing C.nodding D.disguising
14.A.course B.shore C.end D.distance
15.A.backed off B.stepped forward C.stood up D.broke in
16.A.a(chǎn)ssisted B.a(chǎn)rgued C.confirmed D.gathered
17.A.in case B.even if C.a(chǎn)s though D.what if
18.A.a(chǎn)ppreciation B.expectation C.ignorance D.loss
19.A.a(chǎn)bnormal B.fresh C.unfamiliar D.remote
20.A.goes B.creates C.puts D.expands
(二)
Christmas was near a season that we took seriously in our house. But a week or so before the 25th, my father would give each of his children $ 20. This was the 1970s, and $ 20 was quite a bit of money.
But I saw it 1 . My father trusted me to have the 2 to spend money wisely. Even better, he gave me the 3 to get it. On a very basic level ,my father was giving me a shopping spree(狂歡)every year. But he was also giving me charge over my own fun, trusting my ability to 4 money and making me feel like a/an 5 . He didn't buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him.
My mother had a/an 6 for giving me what I needed, usually 7 at the moment I needed it most. This was when I was 25, I 8 at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my 9 job but had no new one. But when my mother 10 me a visit, I 11 a good show, telling her I had started my own company.
My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until 12 she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with 13 . She knew how 14 I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or 15 to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much 16 . The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the 17 with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to 18 my life and preserve my dignity. My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to take my own 19 ,and the other was giving me a second 20 when those decisions had cost me dearly.
1.A.positively B.differently C.naturally D.originally
2.A.intelligence B.passion C.power D.potential
3.A.courage B.suggestions C.discipline D.means
4.A.spend B.carry C.manage D.use
5.A.grown-up B.teenager C.a(chǎn)dventurer D.pioneer
6.A.habit B.gift C.a(chǎn)pproach D.tradition
7.A.a(chǎn)pproximately B.a(chǎn)bout C.right D.slightly
8.A.failed B.fooled C.dropped D.fell
9.A.important B.creative C.challenging D.previous
10.A.brought B.suggested C.paid D.gave
11.A.put on B.put away C.put off D.put forward
12.A.before B.a(chǎn)fter C.when D.a(chǎn)s
13.A.credit B.loans C.receipts D.cash
14.A.desperately B.hardly C.eventually D.a(chǎn)ccurately
15.A.a(chǎn)ttempted B.offered C.promised D.refused
16.A.better B.more C.less D.worse
17.A.decoration B.love C.distance D.method
18.A.defend B.equip C.fix D.develop
19.A.a(chǎn)ctions B.opportunities C.risks D.decisions
20.A.solution B.chance C.visit D.a(chǎn)ssistance
(三)
Not many 17-year-old girls know how to solder(焊)copper pipes together or light a pilot light. These are 1 I’ve learned as an assistant to my 2 in his plumbin(管道)business.
My summer job deals with 3 that constantly arise physical and mental discomfort, and the work 4 an attitude of determination and patience that I frequently struggle to adopt.
Each morning, I 5 myself into large-thick men’s jeans most girls would 6 to wear and climb into the plumber truck. As my classmates begin their 7 babysitting, or selling groceries, my dad and I carry 8 toolboxes and work in the dark basements. I often get 9 in messy storage boxes looking for the water meter. Nothing around is beautiful or tidy.
Sometimes I 10 why I stand the dust and sweat when I could be in my air-conditioned house doing summer homework. Yet as much as I 11 the mess of plumbing. I look down upon myself for being so easily annoyed by disorder. 12 , the world was built by people willing to get their hands 13 .
Five such summers have 14 me that the messy parts of people’s houses 15 the messy parts of their lives. As I learn to 16 the mess, I also learn to handle the 17 and contradictions in my adolescence. Life is a process of accepting 18 and learning to put it in order. Plumbing work is no different. You can see it in each newly soldered group of copper pipes. And when customers express 19 , I understand that, in a small way, we bring 20 to their lives.
1. A. manners B. skills C. facts D. rules
2. A. brother B. dad C. teacher D. friend
3. A. messes B. customers C. noises D. exercises
4. A. offers B. develops C. demands D. lacks
5. A. wrestle B. lower C. squeeze D. hide
6. A. need B. expect C. refuse D. choose
7. A. shifts B. studies C. meetings D. travels
8. A. fancy B. small C. expensive D. heavy
9. A. injured B. absorbed C. lost D. interested
10. A. know B. question C. imagine D. remember
11. A. see B. clean C. hate D. create
12. A. Or rather B. At least C. After all D. In addition
13. A. full B. dirty C. firm D. free
14. A. taught B. promised C. advised D. guaranteed
15. A. examine B. divide C. reduce D. reflect
16. A. sort out B. care about C. hunt for D. give up
17. A. arrangements B. uncertainties C. competitions D. expectations
18. A. failure B. help C. change D. chaos
19. A. sympathy B. suspicion C. disapproval D. appreciation
20. A. peace B. success C. wonder D. order
(四)
Isn't it amazing how you never have to water your weeds or nurture(培育) them and they still give you an unwanted crop?
I can remember as a young boy my grandfather showed me how to 1 this annoying weed called Bermuda grass. It was 2 stuff and it would really 3 if you didn't get it out by the 4 .
More recently when my wife and I bought our first home about 8 years ago, what I had to deal with was this certain part of weeds 5 to the Bermuda grass, which would also spread wildly.
After getting the inside of our home 6 , it was time to work on the outside. On my hands and knees I 7 attacked the weeds with a small hand spade getting each one 8 by the roots.
Just this Spring I realized that one particular weed was no longer 9 but another one was in full 10 . So again, I got down on my hands and knees and got to work 11 them from my yard. When I was 12 , my yard was better off.
Sometimes our life can be so similar. We all have weeds in our life. These weeds can be challenges, setbacks, or 13 beliefs, and the list can be 14 .
The 15 when dealing with these weeds of 16 is to get to the root of it and remove them one by one out and eventually you will 17 this round. And when another crop of weeds 18 , deal with them directly 19 they spread, because now that you know what to do with them by getting to the root of it, it will give you more courage and 20 the next time a problem arises up.
1. A. eat up B. dig up C. break up D. put up
2. A. powerful B. poisonous C. sensitive D. terrible
3. A. spread B. succeed C. withdraw D. compromise
4. A. leaves B. hands C. spades D. roots
5. A. attractive B. similar C. fundamental D. unknown
6. A. counted B. mended C. appreciated D. settled
7. A. energetically B. unsuccessfully C. curiously D. thankfully
8. A. inside B. out C. off D. across
9. A. useful B. dynamic C. different D. common
10. A. force B. length C. detail D. vain
11. A. collecting B. attending C. ridding D. distinguishing
12. A. worn-out B. accustomed C. finished D. introduced
13. A. familiar B. religious C. past D. negative
14. A. reasonable B. endless C. normal D. uncertain
15. A. progress B. solution C. disadvantage D. permission
16. A. life B. school C. house D. factory
17. A. interrupt B. memorize C. conquer D. recognize
18. A. shows up B. shows off C. takes up D. takes off
19. A. unless B. even if C. before D. so that
20. A. impression B. motivation C. wisdom D. satisfaction
(一)
【答案】
1-5.BCDAA 6-10.AADAB 11-15.CCBCC 16-20.DCDCC
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在海灘度假時(shí)不小心丟了承載著重要意義的戒指,最后在很多陌生人的幫助之下找回了戒指。
1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:度假者擠滿了海灘。A. arrived到達(dá);B. crowded聚集;擠滿;C. deserted遺棄;拋棄;D. existed存在。根據(jù)后文“Shouts and cheers filled my ears.”可知,歡呼聲充斥著我的耳朵,說明人很多,沙灘很擁擠。故選B項(xiàng)。
2.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我媽媽坐在一把大傘下,一邊看書,一邊喝檸檬水。A. roof屋頂;B. shadow陰影;C. umbrella傘;D. sky天空。根據(jù)句子“My mother was sitting under a big ___2___ , reading a book and drinking lemonade.”句意可知,媽媽應(yīng)是坐在遮陽傘下看書喝檸檬水。故選C項(xiàng)。
3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我爸爸在炙熱的沙灘上打排球。A. cutting割破;剪切;B. freezing結(jié)冰;C. moving移動(dòng);D. burning燃燒。根據(jù)前文“It was a beautiful, sunny summer day”可知,這是一個(gè)陽光明媚的夏日,沙灘應(yīng)是很熱,由此推知本句在描述沙子像“燃燒”一樣熱。 故選D像。
4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:沿著海灘散步,我能感到一股夏日涼風(fēng)拂過我的臉頰。A. brush輕擦;掠過;B. strike撞擊;C. impress給予某人深刻印象;D. seize抓住。根據(jù)前文“a cool summer breeze”意為“夏日涼風(fēng)”,其后賓語為“my cheeks(我的臉頰)”可知,本句應(yīng)是在講述夏日涼風(fēng)掠過臉頰,即夏日清風(fēng)拂面。故選A項(xiàng)。
5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我是如此渴望去深海里探索世界,以至于我摘下了父母送給我的畢業(yè)禮物戒指(漂亮的金色戒指,上面刻著字,充滿了情感價(jià)值),把它放在了折疊椅的杯架上。A. depth深度;B. length長度;C. strength力量;強(qiáng)度;D. growth發(fā)展;增長。根據(jù)后文“I took off my ring I got as a gift from my parents for graduation”可知,作者脫下戒指應(yīng)是為了下海,即探索海洋的深度。故選A項(xiàng)。
6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我是如此渴望去深海里探索世界,以至于我摘下了父母送給我的畢業(yè)禮物戒指(漂亮的金色戒指,上面刻著字,充滿了情感價(jià)值),把它放在了折疊椅的杯架上。A. placed放置;B. hide躲藏;C. remained保持;停留;D. found發(fā)現(xiàn);找到。根據(jù)后文“in the cup holder of a foldable chair”可知,作者應(yīng)是將戒指放在了可折疊椅上的杯架上。故選A項(xiàng)。
7.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:海灘日還在繼續(xù),我們收拾行裝,返回酒店。A. headed前進(jìn);B. flew流動(dòng);C. escaped逃跑;D. reached到達(dá)。根據(jù)前文“packed up”并結(jié)合常識可知,收拾好東西之后作者一家返回酒店。head back to,“返回”。故選A項(xiàng)。
8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:到達(dá)后,我突然意識到我做了什么——我的戒指沒有戴在手指上。A. declared宣布;聲明;B. ignored忽略;不理睬;C. shared分擔(dān);分享;D. realized意識到。根據(jù)后文“my ring wasn’t on my finger”可知,作者回到酒店后才發(fā)現(xiàn)戒指沒有戴在手上,D項(xiàng)“realized”可用在句中表達(dá)“猛然發(fā)現(xiàn);突然意識到”含義,符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。
9.考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意:(我)開始恐慌了。A. set in (不好的事物) 來了;開始;B. set up建立;C. set aside 省出;抽出;D. set out啟程;出發(fā)。根據(jù)主語“panic”意為“恐慌”,可知,作者開始慌了。故選A項(xiàng)。
10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我們跑回海灘,離日落只有20分鐘了。A. waste浪費(fèi);B. spare剩下;抽出;C. save節(jié)??;挽救;D. rescue營救。根據(jù)空后的“before sunset”可知,作者一家趕回沙灘時(shí)舉例日落只剩下20分鐘。with…to spare,“還?!?,符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。
11.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:到達(dá)海灘,找到我之前說過的大致區(qū)域。 A. common普遍的;共同的;B. damp潮濕的;C. general大致的;大概的(方向或地區(qū));D. calm冷靜的。根據(jù)后文“I laid out earlier”可知,作者應(yīng)是要在之前到過的沙灘的位置尋找丟失的戒指,這種位置應(yīng)是一個(gè)大概的方向或地區(qū)。故選C項(xiàng)。
12.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我的心一沉,眼淚順著臉頰滾落下來。A. hurt傷害;B. crashed碰撞;撞擊;C. sank下沉;D. suffered遭受;患有。根據(jù)前文“We searched it thoroughly, but without luck”可知,作者并沒有找到戒指,且后文“tears rolled down my cheeks”提及作者哭了,因此判斷作者心情沉重。故選C項(xiàng)。
13.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:得知發(fā)生了什么事后,附近大約有25個(gè)陌生人跪下來幫助啜泣的我尋找我的戒指。A. begging乞求;B. sobbing抽噎;啜泣;C. nodding點(diǎn)頭;D. disguising掩飾。根據(jù)前文“My heart ___12_ and tears rolled down my cheeks.”可知,作者哭了,本句應(yīng)是在表達(dá)有25個(gè)陌生人在了解情況后幫助作者尋找戒指,而作者的狀態(tài)是“哭泣”。故選B項(xiàng)。
14.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他們幫我到最后。A. course課程;B. shore海濱;岸;C. end結(jié)尾;結(jié)束;D. distance距離。根據(jù)后文:shouted to me “I found it”可知,這些陌生人幫助作者直到找到了戒指。help sb. to the end,“幫助某人到底”。故選C項(xiàng)。
15.考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意:突然有人站起來,對我喊道:“我找到了?!盇. backed off避開;撤回;B. stepped forward前進(jìn);C. stood up站起來;D. broke in打斷;闖入。根據(jù)前文“about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my ___13___ self search for my ring.”可知,大家?guī)兔φ医渲笗r(shí)是趴在地上的,后文“I found it”應(yīng)是有人找到戒指站起身來沖作者大喊。故選C項(xiàng)。
16.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:他們都聚集在我周圍,興高采烈地祝賀我,就好像他們中了彩票一樣。A. assisted幫助;B. argued爭論;C. confirmed確認(rèn);D. gathered聚集。根據(jù)空后的“around me”可知,應(yīng)是找到戒指后,他們都圍繞在我身邊。gather around sb.,“聚集在某人周圍”。故選D項(xiàng)。
17.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:他們都聚集在我周圍,興高采烈地祝賀我,就好像他們中了彩票一樣。A. in case以防;萬一;B. even if即使;C. as though就好像;D. what if如果……將會(huì)怎樣。根據(jù)句子“so happy and congratulatory ___17___ they had won the lottery”可知,幫我找到戒指,大家都很高興,就好像彩票中獎(jiǎng)一樣。故選C項(xiàng)。
18.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我失去的淚水變成了喜悅和感激的淚水,因?yàn)檫@張陌生的面孔所做出的驚人努力。A. appreciation感激;B. expectation期待;C. ignorance無知;D. loss損失。分析可知,空前的“tears”眼淚應(yīng)是由于之前“失去”了戒指而流的眼淚,在找到戒指后,成為了后文提及的“tears of joy and thankfulness(喜悅和感激的淚水)”。故選D項(xiàng)。
19.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我失去的淚水變成了喜悅和感激的淚水,因?yàn)檫@張陌生的面孔所做出的驚人努力。A. abnormal不正常的;B. fresh新鮮的;C. unfamiliar陌生的;不熟悉的;D. remote偏遠(yuǎn)的。分析可知,空后的“faces”應(yīng)是指幫助作者的25個(gè)人的面龐,他們對于作者來說,是陌生人。故選C項(xiàng)。
20.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:正如瑪麗安·威廉姆森所說,我們體驗(yàn)到的愛是善良、給予、寬恕、和平、歡樂和接納。A. goes離開;去(從事某活動(dòng));B. creates創(chuàng)造;C. puts說;表達(dá);D. expands延展。(just)as sb. puts it, “正如某人所說”。故選C項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
完型填空之詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)顯神通
在完型填空題中,作者在圍繞一個(gè)話題描述時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn),即:原詞,同義詞,近義詞,同根詞等的交互使用,從而使文章連貫而完整。把握詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)原則能夠有效地解決一些題的答案選擇。比如文章:
Holidaymakers ___1___ the beach. Shouts and cheers filled my ears.
1. A. arrived B. crowded C. deserted D. existed
該題答案在后文“Shouts and cheers filled my ears.”存在近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn):filled,意為“充滿”。故答案為B項(xiàng)。
My tears of ___18___ turned into tears of joy and thankfulness for the amazing effort put forth by this 19 faces.
19. A. abnormal B. fresh C. unfamiliar D. remote
該題答案在前文“about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my ___13__ self search for my ring.”存在同義詞表達(dá)復(fù)現(xiàn):strangers,意為“陌生人”。故答案為C項(xiàng)。
(二)
【答案】
1-5.BADCA 6-10.BCADC 11-15.ABDAB 16-20.DCCDB
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。作者從講述圣誕節(jié)父母給自己的不同禮物,說到父母對自己偉大的、理智的愛讓作者在成長的過程中越來越堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。父親教會(huì)他做決定的方法,母親在他因所做決定損失慘重時(shí)給予幫助,讓他再一次擁有機(jī)會(huì)。
1.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:但是我的看法不同。A. positively樂觀地;B. differently 不同地;C. naturally自然而然地;D. originally最初地。結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容和本句but可知作者并不認(rèn)為20美元是孩子不能花的巨額現(xiàn)金,故選B項(xiàng)。
2.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我的父親相信我有明智花錢的智慧。A. intelligence 智慧;B. passion熱情;C. power權(quán)力;D. potential潛力。由本句的wisely判斷此處用“智慧”符合語境,故選A項(xiàng)。
3.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:更好的是,他教我方法來獲得它。A. courage勇氣;B. suggestions建議;C. discipline紀(jì)律;D. means方法。根據(jù)下文的but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself,可知作者的父親通過讓作者自己選書的方法獲得20美元,故此處用“方法”符合語境,且means是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),故選D項(xiàng)。
4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:但是他讓我自己找樂子,相信我有管理錢的能力,并且讓我感到自己像一個(gè)成人。A. spend花;B. carry 攜帶;C. manage管理;D. use使用。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是指作者的父親相信他可以管理好自己的錢,且前文的giving me charge over my own fun也有暗示,charge和manage是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),故選C項(xiàng)。
5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A. grown-up成人;B. teenager 青少年;C. adventurer冒險(xiǎn)者;D. pioneer先驅(qū)。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是指作者認(rèn)為可以自己管理錢讓他覺得自己長大了,故用“成人”符合語境,故選A項(xiàng)。
6.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我媽媽在送我東西方面有天賦,她總是在我恰好需要的時(shí)刻把東西送給我。A. habit習(xí)慣;B. gift天賦,禮物;C. approach途徑;D. tradition傳統(tǒng)。根據(jù)下文的at the moment I needed it most可推測作者的媽媽擅長送禮物,故此處用“有天賦”符合語境,have a gift for在某方面有天賦,故選B項(xiàng)。
7.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A. approximately 適當(dāng)?shù)兀籅. about大約;C. right恰好(表強(qiáng)調(diào));D. slightly稍微地。結(jié)合下文的My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until___12___she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with ____13____.可知作者的媽媽在他最需要錢的時(shí)候給他送了錢,故此處用“恰好需要”符合語境,故選C項(xiàng)。
8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:那是我25歲的時(shí)候,我作為成人的第一次嘗試失敗了。A. failed失??;B. fooled愚弄;C. dropped下降;D. fell落下。根據(jù)下文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者辭去了工作,而且暫時(shí)沒有新工作,故此處用“失敗”符合語境,故選A項(xiàng)。
9.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我已經(jīng)辭去我之前的工作,但是還沒有新工作。A. important重要的;B. creative創(chuàng)造性的;C. challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)的;D. previous從前的。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是指作者辭掉了從前的工作,故選D項(xiàng)。
10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:但是當(dāng)媽媽來看我時(shí),我上演了一出好戲,告訴她我已近啟動(dòng)了自己的公司。A. brought帶來;B. suggested建議;C. paid支付,付出;D. gave給。此處考查短語pay a visit to sb拜訪某人,故選C項(xiàng)。
11.考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意:同上。A. put on上演;B. put away方在一邊,收好;C. put off推遲;D. put forward提出。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是指作者騙媽媽說自己開了公司,故用“上演一出好戲”符合語境,故選A項(xiàng)。
12.考查連詞詞意辨析。句意:直到她離開之后我才發(fā)現(xiàn)床腳下有個(gè)厚厚的裝著現(xiàn)金的信封。A. before在……之前;B. after在……之后;C. when當(dāng);D. as當(dāng),隨著,因?yàn)?。結(jié)合上下文可知,作者的媽媽為了不讓他感到尷尬,所以把裝錢的信封藏在床腳下,因此推測作者是在媽媽走后才發(fā)現(xiàn)的,故選B項(xiàng)。
13.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A. credit信用卡;B. loans貸款;C. receipts收據(jù);D. cash現(xiàn)金。根據(jù)下文的The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.可知作者的媽媽提供現(xiàn)金來幫助他,故此處用“現(xiàn)金”符合語境,且cash是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),故選D項(xiàng)。
14.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:她知道我有多迫切地需要那些錢。A. desperately迫切地;B. hardly幾乎不;C. eventually最后;D. accurately準(zhǔn)確地。根據(jù)前文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者當(dāng)時(shí)沒有工作,所以推測他迫切需要錢,故選A項(xiàng)。
15.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:她知道,如果她帶著東西出現(xiàn),或者主動(dòng)為我交房租,她會(huì)讓我感到更糟糕。A. attempted企圖;B. offered主動(dòng)提出;C. promised 承諾;D. refused拒絕。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是作者假設(shè)媽媽主動(dòng)給他交房租,會(huì)讓他更難受,offer to do sth主動(dòng)提出做某事,故選B項(xiàng)。
16.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A. better更好的;B. more更多的;C. less更少的; D. worse更糟糕的。根據(jù)前文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者當(dāng)時(shí)沒有工作,故推測他心情不好,如果媽媽再幫他交房租,會(huì)讓他更難受,故選D項(xiàng)。
17.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:有趣的是,她給禮物的距離感讓我覺得她是在給我空間來修復(fù)我的生活和保持我的尊嚴(yán)。A. decoration裝飾;B. love愛;C. distance距離;D. method方法。根據(jù)前文的The cold, hard cash可知作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)金是冰冷無感情的,故推測此處用“距離感”符合語境,故選C項(xiàng)。
18.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A. defend防御;B. equip配備;C. fix修復(fù);D. develop發(fā)展。結(jié)合上下文可知作者當(dāng)時(shí)在工作上失敗了,故推測媽媽用這樣的方式來幫助他,讓他覺得有空間調(diào)整自己,進(jìn)而讓自己的生活向著好的方向發(fā)展,故選C項(xiàng)。
19.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:一個(gè)教我自己做決定的方法,另一個(gè)在我因所做決定損失慘重時(shí)給予幫助,讓我再一次擁有機(jī)會(huì)。A. actions行為;B. opportunities機(jī)會(huì);C. risks風(fēng)險(xiǎn);D. decisions決定。根據(jù)前文的he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself可知在買書時(shí)父親讓作者自己決定買哪些書,故此處用“做決定”符合文意,且下文的when those decisions had cost me dearly也有暗示,故選D項(xiàng)。
20.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A. solution解決方案;B. chance機(jī)會(huì);C. visit拜訪; D. assistance協(xié)助。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是指作者的媽媽給他提供幫助,讓他有機(jī)會(huì)可以恢復(fù),故選B項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
完成完形填空的技巧之一是利用復(fù)現(xiàn)原則,包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。以本篇為列:
第3小題答案means和下文but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, 的means是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn);
第4小題答案manage和前文giving me charge over my own fun中的charge是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn);
第13小題答案cash和下文The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.中的cash是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn);
第19小題答案decisions和下文when those decisions had cost me dearly中的decisions是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
(三)
【答案】1-5. BBACA 6-10. CA DCB 11-15. CCB AD 16-20. A BDDD
【語篇解讀】本文為夾敘夾議文。作者通過作者在5個(gè)暑假作為水管工父親的助手,每天穿著大而厚的牛仔褲修理管道,認(rèn)為世界是由那些愿意弄臟自己雙手的人建立的。人們房屋的臟亂反映了他們生活中的臟亂。如果學(xué)會(huì)處理工作中的混亂,也能處理青春期的不確定性和矛盾,生活就是一個(gè)接受混亂并學(xué)會(huì)把它整理好的過程。
1. 考查名詞辨析。句意:很少有17歲的女孩知道如何將銅管焊接......。這些都是作為我父親的水管工助手時(shí)我學(xué)到的技能。A. manners方式;B. skills技能,技巧;C. facts事實(shí);D. rules規(guī)則。根據(jù)語境可知,這些東西是她在工作中學(xué)到的技能(skills)。故選B。
2. 考查名詞辨析及語境。句意:這些都是我作為我父親的水管工助手學(xué)到的技能。A. brother兄弟;B. dad爸爸;C. teacher老師;D. friend朋友。根據(jù)后面的my dad and I carry___8___toolboxes可知,此處是指作為爸爸(dad)的助手。故選B。
3. 考查名詞辨析。句意:我的暑期工作是應(yīng)付不斷出現(xiàn)的身體和心理中的各種混亂。A. messes雜亂,麻煩,混亂;B. customers顧客;C. noises噪聲;D. exercises經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)第二段和第三段的內(nèi)容可知,作者不喜歡工作中的混亂及麻煩。后文多處出現(xiàn)“messy”、“mess”的提示。如“I often get ___9___in messy storage boxes”以及“As I learn to sort out the mess, I also learn to handle the___17___and contradictions in my adolescence.” 經(jīng)常處理找工具的麻煩當(dāng)我學(xué)會(huì)如何處理混亂時(shí),我也學(xué)會(huì)了如何處理青春期的矛盾,可知在暑期中要應(yīng)付許多混亂(messes)。故選A。
4. 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:而這項(xiàng)工作要求毅力和耐心的態(tài)度。A. offers主動(dòng)提供;B. develops開發(fā),發(fā)展;C. demands要求;D. lacks缺乏。根據(jù)下文作者每天的工作情況可知,這是工作方面的要求(demands),故選C。
5. 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:每天早上,我都會(huì)努力穿上大而厚的男式牛仔褲。A. wrestle努力處理,費(fèi)力對付;B. lower惡劣;C. squeeze擠壓;D. hide躲藏。 根據(jù)后面的“l(fā)arge-thick men”以及“許多女孩都不愿意穿” 可知,作為一個(gè)女孩我也不想穿上這樣的衣服,要努力(wrestle)(即與自己心理斗爭)讓自己穿上這種衣服。故選A。
6. 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這種牛仔是大多數(shù)女孩都會(huì)拒絕穿的。A. need需要;B. expect期待;C. refuse拒絕;D. choose選擇。這是“大而厚的男式牛仔褲”的工作服,作為女孩是不會(huì)穿的,因此要用拒絕(refuse),故選C。
7. 考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)我的同學(xué)們開始輪班照看孩子,或者賣雜貨時(shí),我和爸爸扛著沉重的工具箱,在黑暗的地下室里工作。A. shifts班次;B. studies學(xué)習(xí),研究;C. meetings會(huì)議,會(huì)見;D. travels旅行。根據(jù)常識可知,工作時(shí)還要休息的,所以工作是輪班(shifts)照看孩子的。故選A。
8. 考查形容詞辨析。句意:我和爸爸扛著沉重的工具箱,在黑暗的地下室里工作。A. fancy太花哨的,精致的;B. small小的;C. expensive昂貴的;D. heavy重的。根據(jù)作者工作的工種可知,做這種工種,他們的工具箱是很重的(heavy)。故選D。
9. 考查形容詞辨析。句意:我經(jīng)常迷失在凌亂的儲物箱里找水表。A. injured受傷的;B. absorbed吸收的;C. lost迷路的,迷失的;D. interested感興趣的。根據(jù)后一句“Nothing around is beautiful or tidy.”可知,常在混亂的環(huán)境中找這樣的物品,會(huì)讓迷亂(lost)。故選C。
10. 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)我在空調(diào)房里做暑假作業(yè)時(shí),有時(shí)我想知道為什么我會(huì)忍受那些灰塵和流那么多的汗水。A. know知道;B. question問(問題),質(zhì)問;C. imagine想像;D. remember記得。根據(jù)后面的“why I stand the dust and sweat ...”可知,這些都是問題,所以是問 (question)。故選B。
11. 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意: 但正如我討厭水管的混亂一樣。我看不起自己,因?yàn)槲液苋菀妆换靵y所困擾。A. see看見;B. clean清理;C. hate痛恨,討厭;D. create創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)后一句“我看不起自己”可知,討厭(hate)水管中的混亂。故選C。
12. 考查副詞短語辨析。句意:畢竟,世界是由那些愿意弄臟自己雙手的人建立的。A. Or rather確切地說;B. At least至少;C. After all畢竟;D. In addition另外,而且。根據(jù)語境可知,此處是對前面內(nèi)容的解釋,即“畢竟(after all)。故選C。
13. 考查形容詞辨析。句意:世界是由那些愿意弄臟自己雙手的人建立的。A. full充滿的;B. dirty臟的;C. firm強(qiáng)有力的;D. free免費(fèi)的。根據(jù)常識工人工作時(shí)會(huì)把手弄臟的(dirty)。故選B。
14. 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:五個(gè)這樣的夏天教會(huì)了我:人們家里的臟亂反映了他們生活中的臟亂。A. taught教;B. promised承諾;C. advised勸告;D. guaranteed保證。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知,這是作者從五個(gè)這樣的夏天經(jīng)歷得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn),即就是“五個(gè)這樣的夏天經(jīng)歷教會(huì)(taught)了我”。故選A。
15. 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:五個(gè)這樣的夏天教會(huì)了我,人們家里的臟亂反映了他們生活中的臟亂。A. examine檢測;B. divide劃分;C. reduce減少;D. reflect反映,顯示。根據(jù)語境可知,此處是指家里的臟亂反映(reflect)了生活中的臟亂。故選D。
16. 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意:在我學(xué)會(huì)處理混亂的同時(shí),我也學(xué)會(huì)了處理青春期的不確定性和矛盾。A. sort out解決(問題),整理;B. care about關(guān)心;C. hunt for尋找;D. give up放棄。根據(jù)下文“also learn to handle the___17___”中的“handle(處理問題)”是A項(xiàng)中的sort out解決(問題)同義詞。故選A。
17. 考查名詞辨析。句意:在我學(xué)會(huì)處理混亂的同時(shí),我也學(xué)會(huì)了處理青春期的不確定性和矛盾。A. arrangements安排;B. uncertainties不確定性;C. competitions競爭;D. expectations期望。根據(jù)“the___17___and contradictions”中的and,可知,本空與contradiction(矛盾)并列關(guān)系的只有B項(xiàng)的 uncertainties(不確定性)符合。故選B。
18. 考查名詞辨析。句意:生活是一個(gè)接受混亂并學(xué)會(huì)把它整理好的過程。A. failure失?。籅. help幫助;C. change變化,改變;D. chaos混亂。文中反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)生活中有各種的“mess(混亂)”,可知D項(xiàng)(chaos)就是它的同義詞。故選D。
19. 考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)顧客表達(dá)感激之情時(shí),我明白了,在很小的程度上,我們讓他們的生活有秩序。A. sympathy同情;B. suspicion懷疑;C. disapproval反對;D. appreciation欣賞,感激。根據(jù)文章可知,作者認(rèn)為管道工人幫助他人修理管道,讓人們的生活有條理,那么顧客就會(huì)感激(appreciation)。故選D。
20. 考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)顧客表達(dá)感激之情時(shí),我明白了,在很小的程度上,我們讓他們的生活有秩序。A. peace和平;B. success 成功;C. wonder奇跡;D. order秩序。根據(jù)上下文的語境可知,人們學(xué)會(huì)和處理工作和生活中的混亂,讓生活有秩序(order)。故選D。
(四)
【語篇解讀】本文為一篇夾敘夾議文。通過除雜草這件事情,影射生活中會(huì)遇到像雜草一樣難處理的挑戰(zhàn)和困難。
1. B 考查動(dòng)詞短語。根據(jù)下文中“ get it out”可知,此處指爺爺像我展示怎樣才能把 這種討厭人的草挖出來。
2. D 考查形容詞。根據(jù)前文的“annoying weed ”可知,此處指這些草是可惡的。
3. A 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文中的“they spread”可知,此處指如果你不把它們連根拔掉,它們會(huì)蔓延。
4. D 考查名詞。參見上一題解析。
5. B 考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文“which would also spread wildly.”可知,我必須得處 理的草與Bermuda 草很相似。
6. D 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意,此處指把屋里邊收拾妥當(dāng)。
7. A 考查副詞。根據(jù)句意,此處指我手腳并用精力充沛地拿把小鏟子向雜草進(jìn)攻。
8. B 考查形容詞。根據(jù)上下文,此處指拔草除根。
9. D 考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知,這個(gè)春天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我拔過的草很少 見了。
10. A 考查名詞。但是另外一種草大量出現(xiàn)?!癷n full force”,意為大量的,數(shù)量大的。
11. C 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文此處指我俯身開始工作把這些草從院子中除掉。
12. C 考查形容詞。根據(jù)上下文,此處指當(dāng)我干完活的時(shí)候,院子好多啦。
13. D 考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文“challenges, setbacks”作者把院子中的雜草比作人生 中的負(fù)面信念。
14. B 考查形容詞。根據(jù)常識可知,人生中的如雜草般的挑戰(zhàn)或逆境無窮盡。
15. B 考查名詞。根據(jù)下文“ to get to the root of it and remove them ”可知,此處指的是應(yīng)對雜草的解決方法。
16. A 考查名詞。根據(jù)上文,“Sometimes our life can be so similar. We all have weeds in our life. ”,可知,作者用類比手法,此處指人生中的雜草。。
17. C 考查動(dòng)詞。作者成功除去院子中雜草“my yard was better off”可知,最終,如人生中的雜草我們最終會(huì)征服這一局。
18. A 考查動(dòng)詞短語。根據(jù)上文“ but another one was in full force”此處指,當(dāng)另一種雜草出現(xiàn)時(shí)。
19. C 考查連詞。趁著它們還沒蔓延直接把它們處理掉。
20. C 考查名詞。所以當(dāng)下一次一個(gè)難題出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)知道怎樣去把它們斬草除根處理掉,這會(huì)給你勇氣與智慧。
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