?專題25 如何巧取動詞提示詞

動詞是歷年高考的必考點,對動詞有關知識的掌握是考生在語法填空中得高分的關鍵。動詞的變化形式比較多,有謂語形式的變化(如時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致及虛擬語氣)、非謂語形式的變化(如不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。


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有提示詞
謂語動詞
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
非謂語動詞
2
2
4
3
0
2
2
2
名詞
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
形容詞
0
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
副詞
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
數詞
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
代詞
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
無提示詞
介詞
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
冠詞
1
1
0
1
1

1
1
連詞
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
其他詞
1(定語從句關系代詞)
1(特殊疑問詞)
0
1(定語從句關系代詞)
1(主語從句關系代詞)
1(定語從句關系代詞)
0
0

『命題專家談高考』
【考綱解讀】
語法填空旨在通過語篇測試考生的英語語言知識與技能,將語法考查提高到語篇層次,在完整、真實、綜合的語境中多角度考查考生運用語法知識理解篇章的能力。
語法填空考查形式分為有提示詞(7個)和無提示詞(3個)兩種形式。有提示詞多考查實詞(名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞)的詞性轉換和基本用法,如動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、主謂一致;名詞的數;形容詞和副詞的比較等級等。無提示詞多考查虛詞的用法,主要考查介詞、冠詞和連詞等。
【備考建議】
1.該題型以后會更加突出語篇,強調運用。因此,考生要及時轉變觀念,關注語法在語篇中的交際使用情況,將學習英語的關注點轉移到語言的實際運用上來。
2.同時,還要加強語篇邏輯分析能力和精細閱讀能力的培養(yǎng),繼續(xù)重視語言運用的準確性。
3.語法和詞匯知識是綜合運用語言能力的基礎,要與真實的交際場景和語篇運用緊密結合。



微技能一 如何確定作謂語和作何種謂語
No.1思維定向——先定向是否作謂語
解題步驟
典例印證
第一步:確定是否作謂語
首先,分析句子結構,找出句中是否缺少謂語,如果缺少謂語,則該空格應填謂語動詞。
第二步:確定作謂語的三點注意
1.根據語境、并列謂語、時間標志詞等確定用哪種時態(tài);
2.根據主語與謂語之間是主動關系還是被動關系,以確定語態(tài);
3.根據主語確定謂語動詞的數,做到主謂一致。
  The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.It 61.____________ (build) originally to protect the city 62.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復).
【分析】
第一步 確定填謂語。分析句子成分可知,空處和has now been completely restored (修復)作并列謂語。
第二步 考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。有時間狀語in the Tang dynasty可知發(fā)生在過去,根據主語it (the Great Wall)與動詞build之間是被動關系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
[嘗試解答] was__built

No.2解題規(guī)則——再確定作何種謂語
技法一 提示詞為動詞時,確定時態(tài)的4根據
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.慧眼識別
標志詞
1. In the first century, many people in Roman Empire ____________ (work) underground in mines to support their families.
2.At the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan ____________ (attract) a large number of travelers over the years.
3.This is for the seventh national population census (人口普查).China ____________ (conduct) a national survey every 10 years since the 1990s.
4. That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at present ____________ (push) medical advances forward at pace.
5.Since December 2001, it ____________(be)on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list.
6.By about 6000 BC,people __________________
(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
認清常考時態(tài)的標志性時間狀語
(1)看到often, usually, always, every time, sometimes等時間狀語, 要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時。
(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday, last year, in 2020, the other day, two days ago, 一段時間+later等時間狀語,要想到用一般過去式。
(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等時間狀語,要想到用一般將來時。
(4)看到at this moment, at present, now等時間狀語,要想到用現(xiàn)在進行時。
(5)看到since, recently, lately, already , in the last/past few years, so far/up to now, for+時間段, ever since...等時間狀語,要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時。
(6)看到by then , by the end of...等時間狀語,要想到用過去完成時。
2.瞻前顧后
找并列
7.There, he not only did well as a student but also ____________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.
8.When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and ____________(point) down the river.
(1)可根據并列連詞and, but, or, rather than, neither...nor...,not only...but also...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)。
(2)同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語,謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致。
3.通過“常用
句式”法 
9.This was the first time I ____________ (experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.
10.I____________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
11.I say to him with a cheerful smile,“Go to exercise and you ____________(feel) better.”
12.Therefore, it is high time that we ____________ (take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
掌握常用句式也是解決時態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式,因此平時要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如:
(1)was/were doing sth when sb did...
(2)had (just) done sth when+一般過去時
(3)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb had done...
(4)祈使句+and/or+陳述句,陳述句用一般將來時
(5)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth
4.通過“語境
暗示”法 
13.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then,with the rise of science,changes began.New methods ____________(mean) that fewer people worked in farming.
14.As a result, as the number of qubits(量子位) ____________ (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.
分析句子結構, 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語, 且沒有標志性的時間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下,通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題,也是解決時態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法。
答案
1.worked [考查時態(tài)。句意:在公元一世紀,羅馬帝國的許多人為了養(yǎng)家糊口都在地下礦井里工作。結合上文“In the first century”可知,應用一般過去時。]
2.has attracted [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:四川地處青藏高原的邊緣,多年來吸引了大量游客。分析句子結構可知,空處為本句的謂語動詞,結合時間狀語over the years可知,時態(tài)應為現(xiàn)在完成時,結構為have/has done,主語Sichuan為第三人稱單數,謂語動詞用單數形式,故填has attracted。]
3.has conducted [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:自上世紀90年代以來,中國每10年進行一次全國性調查。根據后文since the 1990s可知,應用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語為China,故助動詞用has。]
4.is pushing [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這一前景可能還需要數年時間才能實現(xiàn),但目前生物打印帶來的快速打印功能正在推動醫(yī)學進步的步伐。表示動作目前正在進行,應用現(xiàn)在進行時,主語為rapid typing,謂語動詞用單數。]
5.has been [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據句中的時間狀語“since December 2001”可知,應用現(xiàn)在完成時;主語it是單數概念,謂語動詞應用單數。]
6.had discovered [考查時態(tài)。分析句子成分可知,簡單句中除了提示詞外無其他謂語動詞,且主語和提示詞之間為主動關系,本句中時間標志詞By about 6000 BC為“by+過去時間點”結構,意為“到……為止”,句子應該用過去完成時。]
7.became [考查時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知,not only與but also連接的是兩個并列謂語,not only后用了一般過去時(did),but also后也應該使用一般過去時(became)。]
8.pointed [考查時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知,and連接并列謂語,根據上文they smiled,可知此處應用一般過去時,故填pointed。]
9.had experienced [考查時態(tài)。此題為固定句式 “This was the first time that sb had done sth”因此,從句用過去完成時。]
10.was driving [考查時態(tài)。句意:我正開車去倫敦,這時突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走錯了路。此題考查固定句式“be doing sth when...”,表示“正在做某事時突然……”。]
11.will feel [考查時態(tài)。此題為固定句式:祈使句+and/or+陳述句,陳述句用一般將來時。]
12.took/should take [考查時態(tài)。句意:因此,采取一些必要措施來改善這種情況已經是當務之急的時候了。此處考查固定句式“It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth”。]
13.meant [考查時態(tài)。結合句意可知,New methods與mean是主謂關系,同時前兩句的時態(tài)為一般過去時,故填meant。]
14.increases [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:因此,隨著量子位的增加,量子計算機的計算能力也隨之提高。根據句意可知,句子為as引導的時間狀語從句,句子陳述的是客觀事實,應用一般現(xiàn)在時,increase意為“增加”,句中“the number of ”意為“……的數量”,后接名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數,故應填increases。]
 技法二 提示詞為動詞時,明確邏輯關系定語態(tài)
確定謂語動詞的語態(tài),分析語境,弄明白所給動詞與其對應的主語之間的邏輯關系是確定謂語動詞語態(tài)的關鍵。如果所給動詞的主語是這個動詞動作的執(zhí)行者,該動詞就用主動語態(tài);若所給動詞的主語是這個動詞動作的承受者,該動詞就用被動語態(tài)。

思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.依據邏輯關系,辨析主動或被動
Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China’s brilliant Tang Dynasty.He had the desire to serve his country, but his life ____________ (destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755.
2.People tend to focus on the first factor.However,greater attention should ____________(place) on longevity(長壽).
3.Moreover, knowledge has become more and more complicated and it can’t ____________ (understand) if we do not practice it again and again.
4.Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.And,as more children were born,more food ________(need).
動詞的語態(tài)一般和時態(tài)放在一起進行考查。做好此類試題,考生需要掌握以下幾點:
(1)分析句子結構, 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語, 若與主語之間是主動關系, 應考慮用主動語態(tài),若是被動關系則考慮用被動語態(tài)。
(2)被動語態(tài)的基本形式為:be+過去分詞, 情態(tài)動詞+be done。
(3)做題步驟一般分為兩步:先考慮語態(tài),再考慮時態(tài)。
(4)主謂一致常和動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)放在一起考查。
2.牢記主動表被動含義句式結構
5.The book which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu,____________ (sell) well.
6.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu,____________ (sell) out here.
提示詞作謂語, 且表示的是主語所具有的特征時, 應考慮用主動形式表示被動含義。
答案
1.was destroyed [考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:他有報效祖國的愿望,但755年的安史之亂毀了他的生命。此處缺乏謂語,由時間狀語the An Lushan Rebellion of 755可知,時態(tài)用一般過去時,主語his life和謂語destroy是被動關系,用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(was/were done),主語his life是單數,謂語也用單數形式。]
2.be placed [考查語態(tài)。由短語place greater attention on可知,attention 與place之間是被動關系,故用被動語態(tài)。]
3.be understood [考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:此外,知識已經變得越來越復雜,如果我們不一次又一次地實踐它,它是不可能被我們理解的。此處主語與謂語動詞構成被動關系,且can’t后跟動詞原形。故填be understood。]
4.was needed [考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。結合句意“出生的孩子越多,需要的糧食就越多”可知,more food與need構成被動關系,且文章的基本時態(tài)為一般過去時,故填was needed。]
5.sell [考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據句意可知, sell在此處表示事物所具有的特征,意為“賣得好, 暢銷” 應用主動形式表示被動含義,同時,本句主語books是復數形式,故填sell。]
6.have been sold [考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據句意可知, sell在此處強調動作, 指書“已經賣完”,應用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。又因主語books是復數形式,故填have been sold。]
 技法三 提示詞為動詞時, 確定主謂一致的三原則
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.語法一
致原則
1.Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
2.Often,only a small part of a museum’s collection ____________(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.
(1)由分數、百分數或者some, a part of等修飾時,要根據所修飾的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復數。
(2)分析句子結構, 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語, 看到主語后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引導的短語時,要考慮謂語動詞的數與前面的主語保持一致。
2.就近一
致原則
3.Even though there ____________ (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus away from your studies.
4.Not only the students but also their teacher ____________ (move) deeply by the moving story.
5.As a matter of fact, not only the students but also the teacher ____________ (wish) for a relaxing holiday.
(1)分析句子結構, 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語, 看到主語由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...,not...but...等連接時,要考慮就近原則確定謂語動詞的單復數。
(2)分析句子結構, 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語,看到there, here引起的主語不止一個時,謂語動詞的數通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。
3.意義一
致原則
6.Practicing, to sum up,____________ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well.
7.Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl ____________ (have) access to a table computer as well as the Internet.
(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時,謂語動詞用單數。
(2)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數。
答案
1.was given [考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:埃米和她的兄弟們上周回到村里時受到了熱烈的歡迎。A as well as B作主語時,謂語動詞的數由A,也就是本題中的Amy決定;由last week可知give表示的動作發(fā)生在過去,且Amy與give是被動關系,故填was given。]
2.is [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據時間狀語often可知該句應用一般現(xiàn)在時,設空處為謂語動詞,主語為only a small part of a museum’s collection,是單數形式,故填is。]
3.are [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:即使在城市里有更多的外出和做有趣的事情的機會,這可能會分散你學習的注意力。陳述的是客觀事實,用一般現(xiàn)在時,根據there be句型中的主語more opportunities可知應用are。]
4.was moved [考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:不僅學生,老師也被這個故事深深地打動了。not only...but also...并列主語時根據就近一致原則確定謂語動詞用單數, move與主語their teacher 是被動關系, 故填was moved。]
5.wishes [考查主謂一致。句意:事實上,不僅僅是學生,老師也希望有個放松的假期。根據就近一致的原則,應該填wishes。]
6.is [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:總之,對于那些決心學好知識的人來說,實踐是最重要的。句子陳述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為Practicing,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。]
7.has [考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:我們學校進行教育改革,每個男孩和女孩都有機會使用電腦以及互聯(lián)網。根據并列句的時態(tài)可知,此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時;根據意義一致的原則, each boy and each girl 作主語,謂語動詞用單數,故填has。]
微技能二 如何確定作非謂語和作何種非謂語
No.1思維定向——先定向是否作非謂語
解題步驟
典例印證
  分析句子結構,所給提示詞是動詞時, 若句中已有謂語動詞, 而又無連詞(并列連詞連接并列句或并列謂語,從屬連詞引導從句)時,則要考慮填非謂語動詞。
 Later,they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and,in dry areas,____________(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
【分析】 分析句子結構可知,句中已經有謂語動詞learned,故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動”關系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)作狀語。
[嘗試解答] making



No.2解題規(guī)則——再確定具體用何種非謂語
判斷非謂語動詞的2個基本原則
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.判斷主動
還是被動
1.Orange trees are more than decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times ____________ (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2.The World Health Organization (WHO) has decided that the novel coronavirus (新型冠狀病毒) outbreak is considered as an international public health emergency,____________ (set) off the global action to prevent the spread of the virus.
動詞-ing形式與動詞-ed形式的區(qū)別:
邏輯主語與非謂語動詞是主謂關系時, 用動詞-ing形式;是動賓關系時用動詞-ed形式。
2.判斷時間
先后關系
3.A bird habitat can be a natural or man-made area ____________ (provide) birds with an environment that supplies food and water.
4. According to a study ____________ (publish) in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many sea animals.
(1)非謂語動詞表示正在進行, 用動詞-ing形式;
(2)表示已經完成,用動詞-ed形式;
(3)表示將來發(fā)生的動作,用不定式to do形式。

答案
1.decorated [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,句中已有謂語動詞make及see,故空處應作非謂語動詞。又因句中them指代前句中的orange trees,與decorate之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,此處作賓語補足語。]
2.setting [考查非謂語動詞。句意:世界衛(wèi)生組織(世衛(wèi)組織)決定將新型冠狀病毒的爆發(fā)視為國際公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件,觸發(fā)了全球行動來抵制病毒的傳播。分析句子結構可知,本句已有謂語,分句之間無連詞連接,此處應用非謂語動詞形式;結合語境可知,此處應用動詞-ing短語作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果。故填setting。]
3.providing [考查非謂語動詞。句意:鳥類棲息地可以是一個自然或人為的區(qū)域,為鳥類提供食物和水的環(huán)境。area 后跟定語,area 與 provide 是邏輯上的主謂關系,且 provide 表示正在進行的動作。]
4.published [考查非謂語動詞。句意:根據發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上的一項研究,海洋和其他水域的聲音變化影響了許多海洋動物。動詞publish意為“發(fā)表”,和邏輯主語study構成被動關系,且動作已完成。所以應用過去分詞作后置定語。]
判斷非謂語動詞的5種妙法
妙法1 非謂語動詞作主語和表語——成分分析法
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.非謂語動
詞作主語
1.____________ (track) down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens is by no means easy.This year, about 7 million staff will be needed to visit homes for registration work.
2.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ____________ (get) there.
3.It is possible ____________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
1.句中缺少主語,找到句子的謂語部分,確定用動詞-ing形式還是不定式作主語。
2.掌握用動詞-ing形式/不定式作主語的句型:
(1)It is/was+形容詞(for/of sb)+to do sth
(2)It is no use/good doing sth
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth
(4)It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth
2.非謂語動
詞作表語
4.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ____________(challenge).
5.Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are ____________ (encourage).

非謂語動詞中能作表語的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞和不定式。
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,意為“令人感到……的”;
(2)動名詞作表語,表示對主語內容的進一步說明和解釋;
(3)過去分詞作表語,意為“本身感到……的”。
(4)不定式作表語,表將來或目的。
答案
1.Tracking [考查非謂語動詞。句意:追蹤10億多中國公民絕非易事。分析句子結構可知,track在句中應用非謂語動詞形式,本句缺少主語,故應用動名詞短語作主語,句首單詞首字母要大寫。]
2.to get [考查非謂語動詞。此處是“It takes (sb) some time to do sth”句型,意為“花費(某人)多長時間做某事”。]
3.to walk [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知,此處是固定句型“It is+adj.+(for sb)to do sth”,It是形式主語,動詞不定式短語是真正的主語。]
4.challenged [考查非謂語動詞。根據句子結構可知,空格處作系動詞feel的表語,主語為he,故要用 challenged,表示“受到挑戰(zhàn)的”。]
5.encouraging [考查非謂語動詞。句意:生物打印可能是一個相對較新的領域,但迄今為止的結果令人鼓舞。根據上文are可知應填形容詞encouraging,作表語,表示“令人鼓舞的”,修飾物。]
妙法2 非謂語動詞作賓語——關鍵詞語法
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.作介詞的
賓語用
動名詞
1.After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2.I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to ____________ (hold) chopsticks.
介詞和帶介詞to的固定搭配后一定跟動詞-ing形式作賓語,但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語,且前面有實義動詞do時,不定式就要省略to。
2.只能跟動
名詞作賓
語的動詞
和短語 
3.He had been considering ____________ (jump) from a bridge.He later found the Good Samaritan and thanked him for his kindness.He may one day find a way to pay him back in kind—though that’s not the point.
4.This included digging up the road,____________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
5.We paced around to avoid ____________ (get) frostbite (凍傷)as the temperature stayed close to -30 ℃ and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
6.The guide dog being denied ____________ (board) is just the tip of the iceberg, compared to the various difficulties faced by the country’s visually impaired population every day when they leave their home.
·喜歡考慮不避免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
·不禁放棄太冒險(cannot help, give up, risk)
·感激承認很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)
·介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)
·允許完成是期望(allow, permit, finish, look forward to)
·建議繼續(xù)勤操練(suggest, go on, practise)
·致力原諒要堅持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)
·繼續(xù)成功不錯過(keep on, succeed in, miss)
3.只能跟不
定式作賓
語的動詞
7.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (遠足) and accommodations aim ____________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
8.At one point, someone offered ____________ (trade) me an alcoholic beverage (飲料) and a golden feathered headdress for my camera.
9.While China has overcome the worst of this wave of the pandemic (大流行) so far, and most schools are fully prepared ____________ (open) with in-person classes, Canada is still facing new cases here and there every day.
·三個希望兩答應(hope, wish, expect, agree, promise)
·兩個要求莫拒絕(demand, ask, refuse)
·設法學會做決定(manage, learn, decide/determine)
·不要假裝在選擇(pretend, choose/select)
·計劃提出倆打算(plan, offer, intend, mean)
·申請失敗負擔起(apply, fail, afford)
·準備愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)
4.既可跟動
名詞作賓
語,又可
跟不定式
作賓語但
表達含義
不同的動
詞和短語
10.I still remember ____________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
11.Most people, at one time or another, have been on the receiving end of a random act of kindness—that moment when a complete stranger stops ____________ (offer) aid, generosity or sympathy.
remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, try, mean 等。注意它們含義的不同之處。
·remember
·mean
·stop
·regret
答案
1.spending [考查非謂語動詞??涨暗腁fter為介詞,后應接動詞的-ing形式。故填spending。]
2.holding [考查非謂語動詞。句意:說到拿筷子,我不會稱自己為最有成就的人。在when it comes to...這一固定句型中,to是介詞,后接名詞或動名詞。]
3.jumping [考查非謂語動詞。句意:他一直在考慮從橋上跳下去。consider doing sth“考慮做某事”,用動名詞作賓語。]
4.laying [考查非謂語動詞。設空處作include的賓語,應用動名詞形式。laying和句中的digging up, building并列。]
5.getting [考查非謂語動詞。句意:由于溫度保持在零下30 ℃附近并且我們的鉆機電池變得太冷而無法工作,因此我們四處走動以避免凍傷。avoid doing “避免做某事”,用動名詞作賓語。]
6.boarding [考查非謂語動詞。deny doing sth是固定用法, 所以空格處需用動名詞作賓語。]
7.to have [考查非謂語動詞。aim to do sth “力求做某事”為固定搭配。故本空用不定式to have。]
8.to trade [考查非謂語動詞。句意:有一次,有人提出用一杯酒精飲料和一個金色羽毛頭飾換我的相機。offer to do sth “主動提出做某事”是動詞習慣用法,不定式作賓語。]
9.to open [考查非謂語動詞。句意:雖然中國已經克服了這次流行病浪潮中最嚴重的一波,并且大多數學校已經為開學做好了充足的準備,但是加拿大仍然每天都有新病例出現(xiàn)。固定搭配be prepared to do sth “準備好做某事”。]
10.visiting [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,remember作謂語,且空處不作并列謂語,故應填非謂語動詞,此處考查remember doing sth表示“記得做過某事”,故填visiting。]
11.to offer [考查非謂語動詞。句意:大多數人,曾經都接受過隨意的善舉——那個時刻,一個完全的陌生人停下來提供幫助、慷慨或同情。stop to do sth “停下來做某事”,根據句意,空格處用不定式作目的狀語。]
妙法3 非謂語動詞作定語——關系分析法
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.動詞-ing
形式作
定語 
1.They represent the earth ____________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2.Even today, people ____________ (suffer) under COVID-19 are still inspired by Du Fu’s poems.
3. It’s a very ____________ (worry) picture of risk and urgent need for action.
(1)動詞-ing形式作定語表示主動、正在進行;
(2)若表示被動且正在發(fā)生的動作用being done 結構。
(3)表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞-ing形式的形容詞,意為“令人……的”。
2.動詞-ed
形式作
定語 
4.The national voluntary tree-planting campaign,____________ (launch) in China in 1981, has seen volunteers plant 76 billion trees across the country since then.
5.A video ____________ (post)online shows three tourists,two women and a man,are scrawling on the wall of Badaling section of the Great Wall at around 1 pm.
(1)動詞-ed形式作定語表示被動、完成。
(2)動詞-ed形式的形容詞,意為“(人)感到……的”,也可修飾體現(xiàn)內心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名詞。
3.不定式
作定語
6. As darkness falls, the best place ____________(witness)the city is on the wall, where one can’t help but imagine the distant past.
7.Freud was one of the first scientists ____________ (make) serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities ____________ (base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
8.Vinnie confirmed her ability ____________ (make) a full-length statue by highlighting the heavy labor she had done before.
9. COVID-19 has the potential ____________ (wipe) out different kinds of apes if humans don’t take steps to prevent its spread.
(1)看到由序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。
(2)看到由the only,the last,the next等修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。
(3)看到被修飾的名詞(代詞)是ability,attempt,chance, desire,eagerness,potential,reason,right,something,anything,time,way,wish等詞時,常用不定式作定語
答案
1.coming [考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們代表著大地的復蘇和對新開端的美好祝愿。句中謂語動詞為represent,所以空格處為非謂語動詞。邏輯主語earth與come back to life之間為邏輯上的主謂關系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。]
2.suffering [考查非謂語動詞。句意:即使到了今天,遭受著新冠的人們仍然受到杜甫詩歌的啟發(fā)。本句已有謂語are inspired且無連詞,其它動詞用非謂語形式,名詞people和動詞suffer是邏輯上的主謂關系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)表主動,做名詞people的后置定語。]
3.worrying [考查非謂語動詞。句意:這是一幅非常令人擔憂的風險景象,迫切需要采取行動。修飾后文名詞picture,應用-ing結尾的形容詞worrying,作定語。]
4.launched [考查非謂語動詞。句意:1981年中國發(fā)起了全國性的自愿植樹運動,自那時以來,志愿者們在全國植樹760億棵。分析句子結構可知此處用作定語,因其所修飾的名詞campaign與launch之間是被動關系,所以應用過去分詞作定語。]
5.posted [考查非謂語動詞。句意:網上發(fā)布的一段視頻顯示,下午1點左右,三名游客(兩女一男)正在長城八達嶺段的墻上涂鴉。句中有謂語動詞show,post“發(fā)布”是非謂語作后置定語,post和video是被動關系,用過去分詞。]
6.to witness [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知此處用作定語,因其所修飾的名詞前有最高級修飾,所以應用不定式作定語。]
7.to make; based [考查非謂語動詞。句意:弗洛伊德是最早對思維進行認真研究的科學家之一。思維是大腦活動的集合,涉及我們的行動,思維,感覺和推理方式。分析句子結構可知,空格處應填非謂語動詞。由空前的the first可知,應用動詞不定式作定語,故填to make; 第二空格base與activities之間為被動關系, 故用過去分詞作定語。]
8.to make [考查非謂語動詞。句意:Vinnie通過強調她以前做過的繁重的勞動來證實她制作全身塑像的能力。抽象名詞ability后常用不定式作后置定語。]
9.to wipe [考查非謂語動詞。句意:如果人類不采取措施阻止COVID-19的傳播,COVID-19有可能消滅各種類人猿。表示“有可能做某事”為have the potential to do sth,所以空處為動詞不定式作后置定語,修飾potential。]
妙法4 非謂語動詞作狀語——邏輯關系法
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.動詞-ing
形式作
狀語 
1. On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,____________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2. Music has no obvious adaptive function, ____________ (make) scientists who study music wonder what forces originally gave rise to it.
句子的主語是分詞動作的發(fā)出者,就用動詞-ing形式(doing):
(1)表伴隨、時間或條件等要用現(xiàn)在分詞;
(2)自然而然的結果用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2.動詞-ed
形式作
狀語 
3.____________ (compare) with today’s best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100,000 billion times faster.
4.____________(follow) by a wedding photographer, the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before heading to the reception.
句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者,則要用動詞-ed形式(done)。
3.不定式
作狀語
5.Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks ____________ (reduce) the risk of infection.
6.He got up early and hurried to the bus station, only ____________ (find) the early train had gone.
7.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
8.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________________(improve) water quality.
(1)不定式可以用作目的狀語。
(2)only to do sth為不定式作結果狀語,表示出乎意料的結果。
(3)形容詞或動詞-ed形式作表語時,后接不定式作狀語。常見詞有:happy, lucky, anxious, proud, disappointed, surprised, delighted, foolish, pleased, fortunate等。
(4)牢記“主語+系動詞+表語(形容詞)+to do”句式,不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。
答案
1.listening [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處應填非謂語動詞形式與and后面的現(xiàn)在分詞meeting并列,主語we與listen之間是主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。]
2.making [考查非謂語動詞。句意:音樂沒有明顯的適應功能,這使得研究音樂的科學家們想知道是什么力量最初導致了音樂的產生。分析句子結構可知make在句中應用非謂語動詞形式,與上文整個句子構成主動關系,故應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作結果狀語。]
3.Compared [考查非謂語動詞。句意:與當今最好的超級計算機相比,九章的計算速度快了10萬億倍。分析句子可知,句中有謂語動詞“calculate”且句中無連詞,故應用compare的非謂語動詞,主語Jiuzhang與compare之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,故應用過去分詞作狀語。]
4.Followed [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,句中已經有謂語動詞made,邏輯主語the couple與follow之間是被動關系,故用過去分詞作狀語。]
5.to reduce [考查非謂語動詞。句意:由于新型冠狀病毒肺炎的爆發(fā),世界各地的人們都戴口罩,以降低感染風險。分析句子結構可知reduce在句中應用非謂語動詞形式,此處作目的狀語應用不定式。]
6.to find [考查非謂語動詞。find是意料之外的結果,故應用動詞不定式作狀語。]
7.to perform [考查非謂語動詞。此處是“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結構,用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。]
8.to improve [考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了提高水的質量,政府鼓勵農民種植玉米而不是水稻。此處為不定式作目的狀語。]
妙法5 非謂語動詞作賓補——固定搭配法
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.不定式作
賓語補 
足語  
1.Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging.The median (中位數的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected ____________(increase) to 42 by 2050.
2.What the scientists did on Chang’e-5 paid off at last, which inspires more and more Chinese people ____________ (devote) themselves to further space research.
常用不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有tell, order, allow, permit, enable, persuade, force, warn, encourage, inspire, expect等。
2.have的固
定用法 
3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take).
4.During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all walls ____________ (join) up.
·have sb/sth doing讓某人/某物一直做
·have sth done讓某事被做
·have sb do sth讓某人做某事
3.分詞作賓
語補足語
5.They make great gifts and you see them many times ____________(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
6.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ改編)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign ____________ (praise) the filmmakers .
7.At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself ____________(notice).
(1)動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語表示主動、進行;
(2)動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語表示被動、完成;
常用動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語的動詞有have, make, get, find, see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。
答案
1.to increase [考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,句中已有謂語is expected,且空格處不作并列謂語,故此處應用非謂語動詞。be expected to do sth “被期望做某事”是固定用法,不定式作賓語補足語。]
2.to devote [考查非謂語動詞。句意:科學家們在嫦娥五號上所做的最終得到了回報,它激勵著越來越多的中國人致力于進一步的太空研究。結合句意表示“激勵某人做某事”可知短語為inspire sb to do sth。]
3.taken [考查非謂語動詞。句意:我需要一個新護照,因此我得照張相片。賓語my photograph與take之間為被動關系,have sth done “讓某事被做”為固定用法,因此用過去分詞作賓語補足語。]
4.joined [考查非謂語動詞。句意:在秦朝時,為了御敵于國門之外,秦始皇下令將所有的城墻修筑起來。賓語all walls與had之間為被動關系,have sth done “讓某事被做”為固定用法,因此用過去分詞作賓語補足語。]
5.decorated [考查非謂語動詞。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,與decorate之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語。]
6.praising [考查非謂語動詞。a sign作介詞with的賓語,sign與praise之間為主謂關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。]
7.noticed [考查非謂語動詞。句意:在晚會上,那個漂亮的女孩穿了一條很吸引人的裙子以引起注意。make sb done“使某人被……”,為固定用法,故用過去分詞作賓語補足語。]


精做高考真題
1、(2022·全國新高考II卷)
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (陽臺), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___1___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___2___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___3___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___4___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___5___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___6___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___7___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___8___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___9___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___10___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇記敘文,講述的是正在修車的Henry拯救了掛在六樓公寓的陽臺上,即將要掉下來的小孩Eric的故事。
【詳情解析】
1.【falling】考查非謂語動詞。句意:當亨利看到一個小男孩掛在六樓公寓的陽臺上時,他跑了100米,跳過了1.2米高的柵欄,伸出雙臂去接要掉下來的孩子。句中的hold out為謂語動詞,設空處應該使用非謂語動詞。根據句意,fall為動詞,意為“掉落”, child和fall之間是主動關系,同時表示正在進行的含義。故應該使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填falling。
2.【The】考查冠詞。句意:布朗一家住在多倫多郊外的一棟公寓樓里。根據句子結構,設空處要填寫冠詞與Brown family 構成名詞短語作主語。the+姓氏,意為“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同時該單詞置于句首,首字母應該大寫。故填The。
3.【asleep】考查形容詞。句意:他們倆看電視的時候都睡著了。根據句子結構可知,設空處應該填寫形容詞作表語。sleep為動詞,意為“睡覺”,其形容詞為asleep。fall asleep為固定搭配,意為“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
4.【to see】考查非謂語動詞。句意:過了一會兒,艾瑞克聽到孩子們在外面玩耍的聲音,醒了過來。他把一把椅子推到陽臺上,爬上去看他們。句中的climb up為謂語動詞,設空處應該使用謂語動詞。根據句意,他要爬到陽臺去看他們(外面玩鬧的孩子們。),故應該使用to do不定式作目的狀語。故填to see。
5.【accidentally】考查副詞。句意:當他往下看時,不小心滑了一跤,從懸崖邊上掉了下去。根據句子結構,設空處應該填寫副詞修飾動詞slipped。accidental為形容詞,意為“意外的,失誤的”,其副詞為accidentally,意為“意外地,失誤地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
6.【and】考查連詞。句意:他堅持了幾分鐘,尖叫喊著他的父親,但他的父親沒有聽到他。根據句子結構,設空處應該填寫連詞,連接hung和screamed兩個動作。根據句意,此處表示并列關系。故填and。
7.【was fixing】考查動詞。句意:聽到尖叫聲時,亨利正在修車。根據句子結構,設空處應該填寫謂語動詞。根據空后的when he heard the screams,可知,設空處的動作是正在發(fā)生的,同時該句描述的是過去的事實。故使用過去進行時。fix為動詞,意為“修理”,其過去進行時為was fixing。故填was fixing。
8.【threw】考查過去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一邊,伸出胳膊跑了起來。根據句子結構,設空處與空后的and started構成并列結構。故應該使用一般過去時。throw為動詞,意為“扔”,過去時為threw。故填threw。
9.【son’s】考查名詞所有格。句意:他拯救了我兒子的生命。根據句意,life與提示詞son之間是所屬關系,故應該使用名詞所有格。故填son’s。
10.【how】考查特殊疑問詞。句意:我不知道如何去感謝他。根據句子結構,設空處填寫的是特殊疑問詞+to do不定式結構作賓語。根據句意,how意為“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
2、(2021·全國·高考乙卷)
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影響) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___11___ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___12___(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___13___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___14___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___15___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___16___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___17___(visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___18___(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___19___(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (遠足) and accommodations aim _____20_____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了生態(tài)旅游通常被認為是到未受干擾地區(qū)的低影響旅游。但是由于與環(huán)境相關的探險旅行越來越受歡迎,各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。實際上,生態(tài)旅游必須滿足一些規(guī)定。
【詳情解析】
11.【educated】考查形容詞。句意:這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游,因為它能讓旅行者了解這個地區(qū)——無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色,并且經常為環(huán)境保護提供資金,并有利于當地的發(fā)展。分析句子成分可知,此處查固定搭配become educated about表示“對……有所了解”。故填educated。
12.【development】考查名詞。句意:這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游,因為它能讓旅行者了解這個地區(qū)——無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色,并且經常為環(huán)境保護提供資金,并有利于當地的發(fā)展。根據空格前的定冠詞the可知,此處填入名詞development,表示“發(fā)展”,作動詞benefits的賓語。故填development。
13.【its】考查代詞。句意:生態(tài)旅游起源于20世紀70年代的環(huán)境運動。結合語意,此處表示生態(tài)旅游有它的起源,空處應用形容詞性物主代詞its,表示“它的”,符合句意。故填its。
14.【until】考查介詞。句意:直到20世紀80年代晚期才作為旅游觀念被廣泛接受。根據句意可知,此處表示“直到20世紀80年代晚期才作為旅游觀念被廣泛接受”,應用短語not…until…,表示“直到……才……”,符合句意。故填until。
15.【the】考查冠詞。句意:由于與環(huán)境相關的探險旅行越來越受歡迎,各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。結合語意,此處特指與環(huán)境相關的探險旅行越來越受歡迎,空處應用定冠詞the表示特指。故填the。
16.【of】考查介詞。句意:由于與環(huán)境相關的探險旅行越來越受歡迎,各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。various types of 為固定搭配,表示“各種各樣的”,所以空處應填介詞of。故填of。
17.【visiting】考查非謂語動詞。句意:最大限度地減少參觀這個地方的影響。根據空格前介詞of可知,空格處應填動名詞形式作介詞of的賓語。故填visiting。
18.【financial】考查形容詞。句意:為當地人民提供財政援助和其他福利??崭裥揎椕~aid,應用形容詞形式作定語,financial是形容詞,表示“財政的”,符合句意。故填financial。
19.【Activities】考查名詞。句意:那里的活動從觀鯨到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是對自然環(huán)境影響達到很小。分析句子結構,空處應用名詞作句子主語,應用名詞的復數形式表示泛指,置于句首,首字母大寫。故填Activities。
20.【to have】考查非謂語動詞。句意:那里的活動從觀鯨到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是對自然環(huán)境影響達到很小。aim to do為固定短語,表示“旨在,目的是”,符合句意,所以空處應用不定式形式。故填to have。
3、(2020·浙江·高考真題)
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___21___ ,through agriculture. Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on ___22___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___23___ hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children. And,as more children were born,more food ___24___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___25___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC,people ___26___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later,they learned to work with the ___27___ (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, ___28___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with ___29___ rise of science,changes began. New methods _____30_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章講述了農業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史。
【詳情解析】
21.【in】考查介詞。句意:公元前10000年以后,人們第一次真正嘗試通過農業(yè)來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”應是之前名詞the world 的定語從句,定語從句引導詞被省略,可推知先行詞應是在從句中作賓語,即:they lived in the world. live in+名詞,意為“居住在某地”。故填in。
22.【what】考查名詞性從句。句意:在幾千年的時間里,他們開始減少對我們從野外采集的獵物的依賴,而更多地依賴他們飼養(yǎng)的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子,賓語從句部分缺主語,所以引導詞應為“連接代詞”。根據句意,此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。
23.【than】考查固定搭配。句意:農業(yè)比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產量更高。結合句意可知,此句中將農業(yè)生產與狩獵和采集相比,應用比較連詞than。more… than,意為“比……更”故填than。
24.【was needed】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:隨著越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,邏輯主語和need之間表示被動邏輯。同時此處描述的是過去的時間,所以時態(tài)應用過去時。故此處應用過去時的被動語態(tài)。food為不可數名詞。故填was needed。
25.【to change】考查非謂語動詞。句意:農業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗到技術改變生活的力量。分析句子,簡單句中已有動詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意,此處需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
26.【had discovered】考查時態(tài)。句意:大約在公元前6000年,人們已經發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養(yǎng)的牲畜。分析句子,簡單句中除了提示詞外無其余動詞,故此處需用動詞的時態(tài)。邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示主動邏輯。by + 過去時間 譯為“到…為止”,后面的句子用過去完成時。故填had discovered.
27.【seasons】考查名詞復數。句意:后來,他們學會了因地制宜,在適當的時間播種,在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為為可數名詞,應用復數形式。故填seasons。
28.【making】考查非謂語動詞。句意:后來,他們學會了因地制宜,在適當的時間播種,在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農田。分析句子,make所處的分句中無主語,故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動”關系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)形式做狀語。故填making。
29.【the】考查定冠詞。句意:隨著科學的崛起,事情發(fā)生了變化。with the rise of 譯為“隨著......的崛起”是固定短語。故填the。
30.【meant】考查時態(tài)。句意:新方法意味著更少的人從事農業(yè)。分析句子,主句部分無其他動詞,故此處需填時態(tài)。文章的整體時態(tài)是過去時,根據時態(tài)一致原則此處也應為過去時。邏輯主語和動詞之間表示主動關系。所以此處填過去時的主動形式。故填meant。
4、(2020·全國·高考III卷)
In ancient China lived an artist___31___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___32___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would___33___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River~perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___34___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___35___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and ___36___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___37___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___38___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds___39___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist ____40____ earth, Mother Nature.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了一位畫家畫畫栩栩如生,有一天他將畫送給宰相時,這位睿智的老人告訴他去漓江旅行——也許他可以從世界上最偉大的藝術家那里學到一些東西。畫家最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這位世界上最偉大的藝術家就是大自然母親。
【詳情解析】
31.【whose】考查定語從句。句意:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且先行詞在從句中作定語,故應用關系代詞whose。故填whose。
32.【finest】考查最高級。句意:一天,皇帝想讓人給他畫一幅肖像,于是他把所有偉大的畫家都請來,展示他們最好的作品,以便他挑選最好的。結合句意,皇帝想要畫家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此處應用形容詞最高級finest。故填finest。
33.【be chosen】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:畫家確信他會被選中,但是當他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時,這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動詞choose構成被動關系,且would后跟動詞原形。故填be chosen。
34.【curiosity】考查名詞。句意:懷著好奇心,藝術家收拾行囊離開了。with為介詞,后跟名詞curiosity作賓語,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
35.【When/As】考查連接詞。句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時,他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時間狀語從句,表示“當……時候”,且從句中動詞asked為短暫性動作動詞,不能用while引導,故應用when或as引導。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填When/As。
36.【pointed】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時,他們笑著指著河的下游。根據上文they smiled and可知此處應用一般過去時。故填pointed。
37.【to find】考查非謂語動詞。句意:第二天早上,他租了一條船,出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家。結合句意表示“出發(fā)去做某事”短語為set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的狀語。故填to find。
38.【gently】考查副詞。句意:當小船緩緩地沿著江面移動時,山在水中的倒影使他說不出話來。此處修飾動詞moved應用副詞gently作狀語,表示“緩緩地”。故填gently。
39.【surrounding】考查非謂語動詞。句意:當他看到霧氣從河上升起,山頂上烏云環(huán)繞,他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結構可知,the soft clouds 39 (surround) the mountain tops是獨立主格結構做狀語,surround在句中應用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語clouds構成主動關系,故應用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填surrounding。
40.【on】考查介詞。句意:這位藝術家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術家——大自然母親所折服。結合句意表示“在世界上”短語為on earth。故填on。
5、(2019·全國·高考III卷)
On our way to the house, it was raining ___41___ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ___42___(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___43___ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___44___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___45___(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___46___(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___47___(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ___48___(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___49___(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____50____(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了他們去夏威夷度假途中的經歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇,主人熱情招待他們,還在工作之余帶他們參加了很多當地的活動。
【詳情解析】
41.【so】考查副詞。句意:在我們去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達那里?!皊o...that...”意為“如此……以至于……”,固定句型。故填so。
42.【to get】考查固定搭配。本句運用了take...to do sth.,意為“花費……做某事”,故此處應填to get。
43.【of】考查介詞?!癮 pack of”意為“一群……”。故填of。
44.【who】考查定語從句。句意:它們被他們的主人訓練地很好,它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經驗。先行詞為masters(主人),且從句缺主語。故關系詞填who。
45.【recommended】考查一般過去時。句意:我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?!癮nd”前后兩個動作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關系,時態(tài)一致。故填recommended。
46.【competition】考查名詞。由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式to watch可以確定空格處應該填名詞形式。故填competition。
47.【traditional】考查形容詞??崭裥揎椕~stories,應用形容詞形式,tradition的形容詞為traditional,故填traditional。
48.【hugely】考查副詞??崭裉幮揎椥稳菰~popular,應用副詞形式,huge的副詞為hugely,故填hugely。
49.【were invited】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句意:我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子時態(tài)為一般過去時,用被動語態(tài)。主語為we,故填were invited。
50.【listening】考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語動詞為“were invited”,所以空格處動詞listen應用非謂語動詞形式。聽音樂這個動作是由we發(fā)出的,所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個并列的結構這一規(guī)律解題,and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式,故空格處填listening。
 挑戰(zhàn)名??碱}
1、(2023屆河南省洛、平、許、濟四市高三第一次質量檢測)
The sharp-eyed dolphin is one creature that we love to love. They have even been known to perform for whale-watchers or swim playfully with boats of fishermen. The dolphin’s____1____ (able) to please humans has made it one of our favourites in the animal kingdom.
There are many____2____ (example) of dolphins fonning partmerships with people. For three generations, in Laguna, Brazil, bottle-nosed dolphins have been working with some fishermen ____3____ (catch) fish. In 2001, another group of fishermen from South Carolina ____4____ (tell) a story of how dolphins protected humans from danger. Their boat sank 50 kilometers from the shore and they found ____5____ (they) surrounded by some dangerous tiger sharks. Immediately dolphins arrived and began driving____6____ sharks away. They remained all night and the following day, ____7____ (protect) the fishermen from any sharks.
But while dolphins show such friendliness towards humans, ____8____ (unlucky), humans don’t return the favour. Pollution and fishing nets are two of the terrible dangers they face. Up to 10,000 dolphins, and their cousins——the porpoises, are killed in the North Atlantic each year ____9____ a result of the fishing industry. Their habitats are destroyed and they are bothered by noise. We even catch them and keep them in tanks, despite seeing _____10_____ rich these intelligent creatures’ lives are in the wild.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了人們最喜歡的動物之一海豚的故事,談論了它們目前所處的危險境地。
【詳情解析】
1.【ability】考查名詞。句意:海豚取悅人類的能力使它成為動物王國中我們最喜歡的動物之一。根據前文名詞所有格dolphin’s可知,此處應用其名詞ability“能力”作主語,助動詞has提示主語為單數。故填ability。
2.【examples】考查名詞復數。句意:海豚與人親熱的例子有很多。根據前文many可知,此處可數名詞example應用復數。故填examples。
3.【to catch】考查非謂語動詞。句意:在巴西拉古納,瓶鼻海豚一直與一些漁民合作捕魚,已經三代了。根據句意可知,此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語, 表示“合作的目的是捕魚”。故填to catch。
4.【told】考查時態(tài)。句意:2001年,另一群來自南卡羅來納州的漁民講述了海豚如何保護人類免受危險的故事。根據時間狀語In 2001可知,此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情,用一般過去時,謂語動詞用過去式。故填told。
5.【themselves】考查反身代詞。句意:他們的船在距海岸50公里處沉沒,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一些危險的虎鯊包圍。主語的動作對象就是主語自身,故用其反身代詞作賓語。故填themselves。
6.【the】考查冠詞。句意:海豚馬上就來了,開始把鯊魚趕走。后文sharks特指前文所提到的some dangerous tiger sharks,故用定冠詞限定。故填the。
7.【protecting】考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們整夜和第二天都待在那里,保護著漁民不受鯊魚的傷害。動詞protect和前文沒有連詞連接,為非謂語動詞,和主語之間是主動關系,故用其現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表伴隨。故填protecting。
8.【unluckily】考查副詞。句意:雖然海豚對人類表現(xiàn)出如此友好,但不幸的是,人類并沒有回報這種友好。修飾整句應用副詞。故填unluckily。
9.【as】考查介詞、固定短語。句意:由于捕魚業(yè)的發(fā)展,北大西洋每年有多達10,000只海豚和它們的近親江豚被殺害。介詞短語as a result of“由于……的結果”是固定搭配,符合句意。故填as。
10.【how】考查賓語從句,感嘆句。句意:我們甚至捕捉它們并把它們養(yǎng)在水箱里,盡管看到了這些聰明的生物在野外的生活是多么豐富。分析句意可知,seeing后接賓語從句,how+形容詞或副詞+主謂,構成感嘆句,句中how修飾形容詞rich。故填how。
2、(2023屆新疆伊寧聯(lián)盟高三第四次聯(lián)考)
The invention of barcodes(條形碼)is based on a very simple idea. We only need to give each product a specific number and print it. Then computers can read it ____11____(direct). We could simply print the number itself. But this can cause ____12____(problem). For example,an unclearly ____13____(print)”seven“could look like a”one“to a computer. It’s also true for”three“and”eight“.And”nine“l(fā)ooks similar to”six“if you turn it upside down.We need a better way ____14____ printing numbers so that they can ____15____(read)correctly at high speeds. That’s the problem bar-codes solve.
Each number in a bar-code is shown by seven blocks of the same size. These are colored either black or white to show the number zero to nine. For example, ____16____ number”one“is shown in turn by two white stripes(條),two black stripes,two white stripes,and one black stripe. Even if you turn it upside down,it ____17____(be)not similar to any other number.
A bar-code includes ____18____(differ)parts and each one provides a specific meaning. The ____19____(one)part of a bar-code tells you the country where the product was made. For example,690-692 is the bar-code for China. The second part tells you who produced the product. The final part is about the product itself. This is ____20____ bar-codes work.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了條形碼發(fā)明的依據、作用、使用過程中的問題、以及數字說明等。
【詳情解析】
11.【directly】考查副詞。句意:然后電腦就可以直接讀取了。設空處應用副詞的形式修飾動詞。故填directly。
12.【problems】考查名詞。句意:但是這會導致問題。設空處在句中作賓語,應用名詞的形式,空前無限定詞修飾,應用名詞復數。故填problems。
13.【printed】考查非謂語動詞。句意:例如,一個打印不清楚的“7”在電腦上看起來可能像“1”。設空處在句中作非謂語,和其邏輯主語之間是邏輯的被動關系,應為動詞的過去分詞的形式作定語。故填printed。
14.【of】考查介詞。句意:我們需要一種更好的數字打印方法,以便能夠在高速下正確讀取數字。這就是條形碼解決的問題。a way of doing sth做某事的方法。故填of。
15.【be read】考查被動語態(tài)。句意見上題解析。設空處在句中作謂語,和句子的主語they之間為被動關系,根據空前的can,可知設空處為含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。故填be read。
16.【the】考查冠詞。句意:例如,數字“1”依次由兩條白色條紋、兩條黑色條紋、兩條白色條紋和一條黑色條紋表示。根據空前的“the number zero to nine. (數字從0到9)”可知,此處為特指。故填the。
17.【is】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:即使你把它倒過來,它也和其他數字不一樣。設空處在句中作謂語,強調客觀情況,用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為it,結合主謂一致。故填is。
18.【different】考查形容詞。句意:條形碼包括不同的部分,每個部分都提供特定的含義。設空處修飾名詞需要用形容詞,故填different。
19.【first】考查數詞。句意:條形碼的第一部分告訴你產品的生產國。設空處后為名詞,設空處應用形容詞的形式修飾名詞,根據空前的the,可知設空處應用序數詞的形式,故填first。
20.【how】考查表語從句的引導詞。句意:這就是條形碼的工作原理。設空處引導表語從句,且在句中作方式狀語。故填how。
3、(2023黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市八校聯(lián)合體高三上學期期中聯(lián)考)
The late writer Louis Cha is better known by his pen name Jin Yong. He wrote 14 novels. Most of the novels have been adapted many times ____21____(attract) generations of fans.
Tian Long Ba Bu was again adapted for the eponymous TV series, ____22____ was broadcast on CCTV-8. Some fans bought the book as a private collection. Known ____23____ helming(執(zhí)導) a series of ____24____(influence) TV series, Yu Rongguang said he was hooked on the project for his love of the original novel and fondness for its highlighted Chinese chivalrous spirit.
“Among all the novels ____25____(write) by Cha, this tale features the most epic scope to examine how personal ____26____(opportunity) are interwoven with the destiny of their countries. It also arouses(引起) ____27____ in-depth look into the good and evil sides of humanity,” Yu said. The more you read Cha’s books, the ____28____(interested) you are.
The 56-episode TV series ____29____(film) in about six months in Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, _____30_____(gather) a group of young actors, including Yo Yang, Bai Shu and Zhang Tianyang.

【語篇解讀】
本篇是一篇記敘文。講述的是《天龍八部》的再一次翻拍。
【詳情解析】
21.【to attract】考查非謂語動詞。句意:大部分的小說被多次翻拍去吸引幾代的粉絲。一句話中已經出現(xiàn)了謂語動詞“have been adapted”,那么括號里的attract(吸引)就不能再使用謂語動詞形式了,這里要考慮非謂語動詞。再根據句意,這里想表達的是目的,是為了吸引粉絲,故填to attract。
22.【which】考查定語從句。句意:天龍八部再一次被翻拍成同名電視劇,這部電視劇在CCTV8播放。逗號之后的句子中明顯缺少句子的主語,而在CCTV8播放也說的是前面說到的電視劇,所以這里缺的主語就是前半句的指代,指代的是物,所以用which或者that,再由于這里有逗號,是非限制性定語從句,故填which。
23.【for】考查介詞。句意:因執(zhí)導了一系列有影響力的電視劇而聞名的于榮光說,他之所以迷上這部劇,是因為他喜歡原著小說,喜歡劇中突出的中國俠義精神。固定搭配“known for”譯為“因……而出名”,再根據整句話,這個意思符合整句話意思,故填for。
24.【influential】考查形容詞。句意:因執(zhí)導了一系列有影響力的電視劇而聞名的于榮光說,他之所以迷上這部劇,是因為他喜歡原著小說,喜歡劇中突出的中國俠義精神??罩笫敲~,這里應該用形容詞修飾名詞,所以變形容詞形式,故填influential。
25.【written】考查非謂語動詞。句意:在金庸的所有小說中,這部小說以最宏大的視角審視了個人的機遇是如何與國家的命運交織在一起的。后面有介詞by,這里表示被動意義,所以考慮被動語態(tài);再因為這里是介詞搭配,不用謂語動詞,所以考慮非謂語動詞過去分詞形式表被動意義,故填written。
26.【opportunities】考查名詞單復數。句意:在金庸的所有小說中,這部小說以最宏大的視角審視了個人的機遇是如何與國家的命運交織在一起的。opportunity是可數名詞,再根據后邊的系動詞are可知,這里應該使用復數形式,故填opportunities。
27.【an】考查冠詞。句意:于榮光說:“它引起了一個對于人性善惡的深度審視?!边@里的look(考慮)是不可數名詞,前面有形容詞in-depth(深度的)修飾,不定冠詞可以使用在有形容詞修飾的不可數名詞前;再因為這里跟著的in-depth是元音音素開頭,故填an。
28.【more interested】考查比較級。句意:金庸的書讀的越多,你越有興趣。固定句型“the+比較級,the+比較級”譯為“越……就越……”,再因為interested是多音節(jié)單詞,故比較級需要加more,故填more interested。
29.【was filmed】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:這部56集電視劇會在中國西南部的云南省拍攝大概6個月,聚集了很多年輕的演員,例如:楊祐寧,白澍,張?zhí)礻?。film這里是作動詞意義“拍攝電影”,跟主語“TV series”(電視?。┦潜粍雨P系;再因為這句話中沒有謂語動詞,所以這里需要使用謂語動詞,所以用被動語態(tài);再根據文章使用的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài),故填was filmed。
30.【gathering】考查非謂語動詞。句意:這部56集電視劇會在中國西南部的云南省拍攝大概6個月,聚集了很多年輕的演員,例如:楊祐寧,白澍,張?zhí)礻?。前半句話已經有了謂語動詞,是一句完整的話,所以這里不能使用謂語動詞,要考慮非謂語動詞形式。gather“聚集”的邏輯主語是后面的人,“人和聚集”的關系是主動的,所以選擇現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示主動意義,故填gathering。
4、(2023屆浙江省湖州、麗水、衢州三地市高三11月教學質量檢測)
What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical activity ___31___ shows athletic ability or strength. But some sports can take the form of mental competitions. For instance, chess ___32___ (recognize)as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people wonder ___33___ eSports should also be considered sports.
The word eSports is short for electronic sports. It is ___34___ form of competition in which professional players or gamers play video games either in teams or individually. ___35___ (typical), the winners receive prize money at the end of the competition.
The first eSports event was the one ___36___ (hold)by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game Spacewar! Over the next 30 years, video games exploded in ___37___ (popular). More and more countries, such as South Korea, China and the United States, started to develop eSports into an industry. In the 2000s, television broadcasts of the competitions,??___38___ (feature) games like Street Fighter III, StarCraft, and Counter-strike, became popular. In the 2010s, thanks ___39___ online streaming services, eSports grew rapidly with more worldwide tournaments, more viewers, and larger ___40___ (prize). In 2020, the industry made more than US$1 billion for the first time ever.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文,文章介紹了新興的電子競技比賽。
【詳情解析】
31.【which/that】考查定語從句關系詞。句意:傳統(tǒng)的定義通常包括某種顯示運動能力或力量的體育活動。句子結構分析可知“__31__shows athletic ability or strength”為限制性定語從句。設空處指代先行詞some physical activity,在從句中作主語,所以用關系代詞which或that。故填which/that。
32.【was recognized】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:例如,國際象棋在1999年被國際奧委會認可為一項運動。句子分析可知設空處在句中作謂語動詞,由時間狀語“in 1999”可知此句為一般過去時,主語“chess”與recognize之間為被動關系,所以此句用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),chess作主語,謂語動詞用單數,故填was recognized。
33.【whether/if】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意:現(xiàn)在一些人想知道電子競技是否也應該被視為體育運動。句子結構分析可知設空處引導名詞性從句作動詞wonder的賓語,設空處在從句中不充當語法成分,表示“是否”,所以用whether或if。故填whether/if。
34.【a】考查冠詞。句意:這是一種比賽形式,職業(yè)玩家或游戲玩家以團隊或個人的形式玩視頻游戲。在句中form指的“類型、形式”是可數名詞,在句中表泛指,空后的form發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,所以用不定冠詞a,短語a form of意為“一種……的形式”。故填a。
35.【Typically】考查副詞。句意:通常,獲勝者在比賽結束時獲得獎金。句子分析可知,設空處作狀語,修飾后文整個句子,副詞typically意為“通常,一般”符合句意,設空處置于句首,首字母大寫,故填Typically。
36.【held】考查非謂語動詞。句意:第一次電子競技賽事是在20世紀70年代由斯坦福大學舉辦的,當時的游戲是Spacewar!句子分析可知設空處作后置定語修飾 the one ,the one與hold之間是被動關系,用過去分詞,故填held。
37.【popularity】考查名詞。句意:在接下來的 30 年里,電子游戲大受歡迎。設空處在句中作介詞in的賓語,所給詞popular的名詞popularity意為“受歡迎,流行”符合題意,故填popularity。
38.【featuring】考查非謂語動詞。句意:在2000年代,以 Street Fighter III, StarCraft, and Counter-strike等游戲為特色的比賽電視轉播開始流行。句子結構分析可知,設空處為非謂語動詞,the competitions與feature之間是邏輯上的主謂關系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞,故填featuring。
39.【to】考查介詞。句意:在 2010 年代,由于在線流媒體服務,電子競技發(fā)展迅速,擁有更多的全球錦標賽、更多的觀眾和更大的獎金。固定短語thanks to意為“因為,由于”符合句意,故填to。
40.【prizes】考查名詞復數。句意:在 2010 年代,由于在線流媒體服務,電子競技發(fā)展迅速,擁有更多的全球錦標賽、更多的觀眾和更大的獎金。句子結構分析可知,設空處在句中作賓語,名詞prize意為“獎,獎金”符合句意,此處為復數概念,故填prizes。
5、(2023屆江蘇省淮安市兩校(楚州中學、新馬中學)高三10月聯(lián)考)
Born in Jining City, Shandong Province, in 1927, Qiao Yu, ____41____ household name in China, ____42____ real name was Qiao Qingbao, had a long career spanning seven decades. He wrote over 1,000songs, and has gained ____43____ (popular) among audiences. He also published poems ____44____ wrote scripts (劇本) for movies and Chinese operas.
As a child, Qiao Yu, ____45____ (influence) by his father, read books about ____46____ (tradition) Chinese culture and recited Chinese poems. He only started school at the age of nine due to his family impoverishment.
In 1946, he left his hometown ____47____ (study) at Beifang University, where he began publishing poems and novels. In 1948, Qiao Yu started to work with Chinese poets, ____48____ (write) and playwrights, such as He Jingzhi and Guang Weiran.
One of his best-known songs is My Motherland, which is considered as an ode (頌歌) to China. Let Us Sway Twin Oars, also a song by Qiao Yu, ____49____ (publish) in 1955. ____50____ the song achieving a wide success, it is included in the teaching materials for music classes in Chinese primary and middle schools.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國著名詞作家、劇作家喬羽的生平事跡。
【詳情解析】
41.【a】考查不定冠詞。句意:1927年出生于山東省濟寧市的喬羽,在中國家喻戶曉,原名喬慶寶,他的職業(yè)生涯長達70年。name是可數名詞,此處泛指“一個家喻戶曉的名字”,應用不定冠詞修飾,且household發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭,故填a。
42.【whose】考查定語從句。句意同上??仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句,先行詞是Qiao Yu,關系詞在從句中作定語,表示所屬關系,應該用關系代詞whose引導。故填whose。
43.【popularity】考查名詞。句意:他寫了1000多首歌,很受觀眾們喜愛。該空作gain的賓語,應該用名詞popularity,popularity為不可數名詞。故填popularity。
44.【and】考查連詞。句意:他還發(fā)表詩歌,為電影和中國戲曲寫劇本。該空連接并列謂語published和wrote,連接并列成分,應用連詞and。故填and。
45.【influenced】考查過去分詞。句意:在父親的影響下,喬羽從小就閱讀有關中國傳統(tǒng)文化的書籍,背誦中國詩歌。分析句子可知,提示詞是非謂語動詞,與其邏輯主語Qiao Yu之間是被動關系,此處應用過去分詞表示被動。故填influenced。
46.【traditional】考查形容詞。句意同上。該空作名詞Chinese culture的定語,應該用形容詞。故填traditional。
47.【to study】考查非謂語動詞。句意:1946年,他離開家鄉(xiāng)到北方大學學習,在那里他開始出版詩歌和小說。結合句意可知,此處表示目的,應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填to study。
48.【writers】考查名詞。句意:1948年,喬羽開始與賀敬之、廣衛(wèi)然等中國詩人、作家、劇作家合作。該空和名詞poets及playwrights并列,應用名詞writer“作家”作賓語,writer是可數名詞,空前無其他限定詞,應該用名詞復數形式表示泛指。故填writers。
49.【was published】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:《讓我們蕩起雙槳》也是喬羽寫的一首歌,在1955年出版。主語Let Us Sway Twin Oars和動詞publish之間是被動關系,結合時間狀語“in 1955”可知,此處應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語表示單數意義,be動詞用was。故填was published。
50.【With】考查介詞。句意:由于這首歌的廣泛成功,它被列入中國中小學音樂課教材。結合句意可知,此處表示“由于,隨著”,應該用介詞with,單詞位于句首,首字母大寫。故填With。
6、(2023湖北省重點高中智學聯(lián)盟高三10月聯(lián)考)
In 2014, 40.8 percent of the people in the village of Bianjiang in Guizhou Province ____51____ (be) struggling with poverty. The village, ____52____ (surround) by deep mountains, was 80 kilometers from Yanhe County. It took villagers four hours ____53____ (make) a round trip to buy daily ____54____ (necessary) outside the village, given that no roads were ____55____ (access) except for a narrow pass along the cliff’s edge.
As poverty alleviation (扶貧) proceeds and the road system in the village improves, industries such as fish, chicken farming and growing mums have been developed. Now, a family of five can earn an average of 10,000 yuan ($1,435) a year through employment and industry bonuses. China ____56____ (rebuild) 108,000 schools since 2013 to improve compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas. Over 98 percent of villages have access to optical fiber communications and 4G technology.
Through the alleviation project, China, home to nearly one ____57____ (five) of the world’s population, has ____58____ (complete) got rid of extreme poverty, ____59____ (make) an important contribution ____60____ the cause of global poverty alleviation.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了扶貧項目給貴州省邊疆村所帶來的變化,文章還介紹了中國扶貧攻堅所取得的重大成就。
【詳情解析】
51.【were】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:2014年,貴州省邊疆村40.8%的人口在貧困中掙扎。根據時間狀語“In 2014”可知,此句應該用一般過去時,根據主語“40.8 percent of the people”可知,謂語動詞應該用復數。故填were。
52.【surrounded】考查非謂語動詞。句意:這個村,被群山環(huán)繞,距鹽河縣城80公里。句子結構分析可知設空處為非謂語動詞,surround與其邏輯主語The village之間為動賓關系,所以填過去分詞表被動。故填surrounded。
53.【to make】考查非謂語動詞。句意:村民們到村外趕集購買生活必需品往返需要花四個小時,因為除了一條掛在懸崖峭壁上的羊腸小道外,沒有道路可通行。句子結構分析可知此句為固定句型“It takes/took sb some time to do sth”意為“花費某人多少時間做某事”,句中it作形式主語,不定式作真正主語。故填to make。
54.【necessities】考查名詞復數。句意:村民們到村外趕集購買生活必需品往返需要花四個小時,因為除了一條掛在懸崖峭壁上的羊腸小道外,沒有道路可通行。句子結構分析可知,設空處在句中作賓語,necessary的名詞necessity“必需品”符合句意,necessity意為“必需品”時是可數名詞,在句中為復數概念,所以用復數形式。故填necessities。
55.【accessible】考查形容詞。句意:村民們到村外趕集購買生活必需品往返需要花四個小時,因為除了一條掛在懸崖峭壁上的羊腸小道外,沒有道路可通行。句子結構分析可知,設空處在句中作表語,access的形容詞accessible意為“可接近的,可進入的”符合句意,故填accessible。
56.【has built】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:自2013年以來,中國重建了10.8萬所學校,以改善貧困地區(qū)的義務教育。根據時間狀語“since 2013”可知,此句應該用現(xiàn)在完成時,China作主語,謂語動詞用單數。故填has built。
57.【fifth】考查分數。句意:通過扶貧工程,讓擁有世界近五分之一人口的中國徹底擺脫了極端貧困,為全球扶貧事業(yè)做出了重要貢獻。根據句意可知,“one__57__ (five)”意為“五分之一”,英文中分數用“基數詞+序數詞”表達的,其中基數詞表示分子,序數詞表示分母,所以設空處用five的序數詞。故填fifth。
58.【completely】考查副詞。句意:通過扶貧工程,讓擁有世界近五分之一人口的中國徹底擺脫了極端貧困,為全球扶貧事業(yè)做出了重要貢獻。設空處修飾動詞短語got rid of作狀語,副詞completely意為“完全地,徹底地”符合句意。故填completely。
59.【making】考查非謂語動詞。句意:通過扶貧工程,讓擁有世界近五分之一人口的中國徹底擺脫了極端貧困,為全球扶貧事業(yè)做出了重要貢獻。句子分析可知,設空處應為非謂語動詞,“ China, home to nearly one __57___ (five) of the world’s population, has___58___ (complete) got rid of extreme poverty, ”與make an important contribution之間是邏輯上的主謂關系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填making。
60.【to】考查介詞。句意:通過扶貧工程,讓擁有世界近五分之一人口的中國徹底擺脫了極端貧困,為全球扶貧事業(yè)做出了重要貢獻。固定短語make an important contribution to意為“對……做出重要貢獻”。故填to。
7、(廣東省2022-2023學年度高三上學期10月大聯(lián)考)
Citizen science is science for everyone. Specifically, citizen science is when the public ____61____ (voluntary) helps conduct research. Most citizen scientists collect data with tools provided ____62____ project directors. These data help professional scientists answer ____63____ (science) questions and solve important problems. Anyone can be a citizen scientist. All it takes is some time, ____64____ (curious), and a sense of wonder.
Why is the term “citizen science” used? Most people and organizations in this field intend “citizen” ____65____ (mean) a general citizen of the world, not a legally-defined citizen of a country. When someone mentions “citizen science”, there tends to be ____66____ immediate understanding of what they’re talking about.
Community science is one particular type of citizen science — one in ____67____ a community drives the project. In community science, a community may pose the research question, decide what type of data to collect, or use the results to inform some action. There ____68____ (be) typically a professional scientist or organization that works together with the community.
Another reason is that science is for everyone, no matter whether you ____69____ (participate) in science or not in the past. The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and ____70____ (ensure) that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。公民科學是面向大眾的科學,是指公眾自愿幫助進行研究的科學種類。文章對這一科學種類進行了詳細介紹。
【詳情解析】
61.【voluntarily】考查副詞。句意:具體來說,公民科學是指公眾自愿幫助進行研究。修飾動詞helps應用副詞voluntarily表示“自愿地”作狀語。故填voluntarily。
62.【by】考查介詞。句意:大多數公民科學家使用項目主管提供的工具收集數據。根據“project directors”可知,此處是指由項目主管提供的工具,所以應用介詞by引出動作的發(fā)出者。故填by。
63.【scientific】考查形容詞。句意:這些數據幫助專業(yè)科學家回答科學問題和解決重要問題。修飾名詞questions應用形容詞scientific表示“科學的”作定語。故填scientific。
64.【curiosity】考查名詞。句意:所需要的只是一些時間、好奇心和求知欲。根據“a sense of wonder”可知,此處應用名詞curiosity表示“好奇心”作表語。故填curiosity。
65.【to mean】考查動詞不定式。句意:這一領域的大多數人和組織將“公民”定義為一般的世界公民,而不是法律定義的一國公民。intend sb to do意為“打算讓某人做某事”,為固定搭配,所以應用to do不定式作賓語補足語。故填to mean。
66.【an】考查冠詞。句意:當有人提到“公民科學”時,人們往往會立即明白他們在說什么。名詞understanding意為“理解”,此處為可數名詞,且第一次出現(xiàn),所以應用不定冠詞表示泛指。immediate的開頭發(fā)音為元音音素,所以冠詞應用an。故填an。
67.【which】考查定語從句。句意:社區(qū)科學是公民科學的一種特殊類型——由社區(qū)推動項目。根據“a community drives the project”可知,此處是指在社區(qū)科學的范疇里,所以在定語從句中缺少介詞in的賓語,且先行詞為one,one代指a science,應用關系代詞which。故填which。
68.【is】考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時。句意:通常有一個專業(yè)的科學家或組織與社區(qū)一起工作。此處描述客觀事實,所以應用一般現(xiàn)在時。there be句型適用“就近原則”。故填is。
69.【participated】考查一般過去時。句意:另一個原因是,科學是每個人的,無論你過去是否參與科學??仗帪閺木渲^語動詞,根據“in the past”可知,此處應用一般過去時。故填participated。
70.【ensuring】考查動名詞。句意:公民科學致力于使科學面向所有人,并確保每個人都有權利和機會參與科學。be devoted to doing意為“致力于做某事”,為固定搭配,所以此處應用動名詞作賓語。故填ensuring。
8、(2023屆江西省南昌市八一中學等名校高三10月聯(lián)考)
Invisible ink is fun and exciting to use. You can send secret messages to your friends and family using ingredients that can ____71____ (find) around the house. There are many ____72____ (difference) solutions (溶液) that you can use as ink and even more options to reveal the message. Any liquid that is ____73____ (slight) acidic can be used as invisible ink. ____74____ a little bit of heat, you can reveal all of the secrets!
Gather the necessary ____75____ (thing). To make an invisible ink pen, you will need Q-tips (棉簽) or a paintbrush, an acidic solution, a shallow dish or bowl, white paper and a source of heat. The Q-tips or paintbrushes will be used to do the actual writing. Choose the item ____76____ works the best for you. Any of the ____77____ (follow) can serve as the acidic solution for the invisible ink: milk, vinegar or lemon juice. The heat source can be a candle, a hair dryer, an iron or even a lamp.
Pour the acidic solution into a bowl. If you are using a lemon, squeeze (擠出) the lemon until the juice flows into the bowl. If you are using milk or vinegar, pour about half of a cup into the bowl. ____78____ exact amount isn’t important. You will only need enough ____79____ (write) your message. Do not use the liquid that you _____80_____ (use) for invisible ink already for anything else.
【語篇解讀】
本篇是一篇說明文。描述了隱形墨水的制作過程。
【詳情解析】
71.【be found】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:你可以用能夠在房子周圍找到的材料給你的朋友和家人發(fā)送秘密信息。定語從句中,that關系代詞,指代先行詞ingredients (材料),在從句中作主語,和從句謂語動詞find (發(fā)現(xiàn))是被動關系,材料被發(fā)現(xiàn);此外,can是情態(tài)動詞,情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)can be done形式,故填be found。
72.【different】考查形容詞。句意:這里有很多你可以用來做墨水的不同的溶液或者其他更多的選擇來揭露信息??蘸髎olutions是名詞,形容詞作定語修飾名詞,所以這里需要把名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~形式,故填different。
73.【slightly】考查副詞。句意:任何有輕酸性的液體都可以用來做隱形墨水??蘸骯cidic是形容詞,副詞作狀語修飾形容詞,所以這里把形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~,故填slightly。
74.【With】考查介詞。句意:隨著稍許加熱,你就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的秘密。根據前文“invisible ink”(隱形墨水)和后半句“you can reveal all of the secrets”(你就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的秘密)可知,是需要一定的辦法,這里根據意思可知是用慢慢加熱的辦法,介詞with (用),首字母大寫。故填With。
75.【things】考查名詞。句意:聚齊必要的東西。thing是可數名詞,這里說必要的東西,沒有明確指出是一件,所以需要變?yōu)閺蛿?,故填things。
76.【that/which】考查定語從句關系詞。句意:選擇對你最適合的東西??蘸笫窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句,先行詞是the item,指物,從句中缺少主語,用關系代詞that/which,故填that/which。
77.【following】考查名詞。句意:下列的任何事物都可以充當隱形墨水的酸性溶液:牛奶,醋或者檸檬汁。根據“milk, vinegar or lemon juice”(牛奶,醋或者檸檬汁)可知,這里是進行了舉例說明,那么前面就是一個總結。A of B譯為“B的A”,A和B一般為名詞,所以這里把動詞follow變?yōu)槊~形式,表示下列的東西,故填following。
78.【The】考查冠詞。句意:準確的數量是不重要的。這里說的數量是指代前面句子說的倒入的半杯牛奶或者醋,是具體指代,所以用定冠詞表特指,首字母大寫,故填The。
79.【to write】考查非謂語動詞。句意:你所需要的僅僅就是足夠的東西去寫信息。write用不定式作目的狀語,故填to write。
80.【have used】考查時態(tài)。句意:不要把你用來做隱形墨水的液體用在其他事情上。關鍵詞already表示這個事情已經做過了;再根據句意,做隱形墨水的液體是已經用來寫字了,這樣的液體不要再用到其他事情上,是在這個動作之后,兩個動作有明顯的先后關系,所以考慮用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài);再者,主語是you,主動語態(tài),故填have used。
9、(2023屆遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校高三上學期第一次月考)
Earlier this year, 11-year-old Kashmea Wahi of London, England scored 162 on ____81____ intelligence quotient (IQ) test. That’s a perfect score. Does her high score mean she will go on to do great things—like Stephen Hawking or Albert Einstein, two of the ____82____ (great) scientists in the world? Maybe. But maybe not.
Every student can learn no matter how intelligent. But some students struggle in school because of a ____83____ (weak) in one specific area of intelligence. These students often benefit ____84____ special education programs. There, they get extra help in the areas ____85____ they’re struggling. IQ tests can help teachers figure out which students need such extra help. Many colleges and universities also use exams similar to IQ tests ____86____ (select) students. And the US government—including its military—uses IQ tests when choosing who to hire.
Most non-experts think intelligence is the reason why successful people do so well. Psychologists who study intelligence find this is only partly true. IQ tests can predict how well people will do in particular ____87____ (situation), such as thinking abstractly in science, engineering or art, or ____88____ (lead) teams of people. But there’s ____89____ (much) to the story. Extraordinary achievement depends on many factors, such as ambition, opportunity, the ability to think _____90_____(clear)—even luck. Intelligence matters, but not as much as you might think.
【語篇解讀】
本文是說明文。文章講述了智商測試可以幫助老師找出哪些學生需要額外的幫助。智力方面的大多數非專家認為,智力是成功人士表現(xiàn)得如此之好的原因。研究智力的心理學家發(fā)現(xiàn),這只是部分正確的。非凡的成就取決于許多因素,如雄心、機遇、清晰思考的能力——甚至運氣。
【詳情解析】
81.【an】考查冠詞。句意:今年早些時候,英國倫敦11歲的Kashmea Wahi在智商測試中得了162分。根據句意,此處泛指“一次智商測試”,intelligence以元音音素開頭,用不定冠詞an。故填an。
82.【greatest】考查形容詞最高級。句意:她的高分是否意味著她會繼續(xù)做一些偉大的事情——比如斯蒂芬·霍金或阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦,世界上最偉大的兩位科學家?結合句意可知,用定冠詞the修飾,此處應用great的最高級形式。故填greatest。
83.【weakness】考查名詞。句意:但是,有些學生在學校里表現(xiàn)不佳,是因為他們在某一特定的智力領域存在缺陷。根據空前的a可知,此處應該用weak的名詞形式weakness,且用單數,故填weakness。
84.【from】考查介詞。句意:這些學生經常受益于特殊教育項目。benefit from意為“受益于”是固定短語,故填from。
85.【where】考查定語從句。句意:在那里,他們在他們困難的領域得到額外的幫助,智商測試可以幫助老師找出哪些學生需要這種額外的幫助。分析句子可知,空處引導定語從句,先行詞the areas,從句缺少地點狀語,用關系副詞where,故填where。
86.【to select】考查非謂語動詞。句意:許多學院和大學也使用類似于智商測試的考試來選擇學生。use sth to do sth意為“應用某物做某事”,用不定式作目的狀語,故填to select。
87.【situations】考查名詞單復數。句意:智商測試可以預測人們在特定情況下的表現(xiàn),比如在科學、工程或藝術方面的抽象思維,或者領導團隊。根據下文舉例可知,此處應該用situation的復數形式。故填situations。
88.【leading】考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。本空與上文thinking并列,作介詞as的賓語,用所給詞的動名詞形式。故填leading。
89.【more】考查形容詞。句意:但是,事情遠不止這些。根據句意,還有更多的內容,用much的比較級more,故填more。
90.【clearly】考查副詞。句意:非凡的成就取決于許多因素,如雄心、機遇、清晰思考
能力——甚至運氣。此處用副詞修飾動詞think。故填clearly。
10、(2023屆安徽省皖南八校高三上學期第一次聯(lián)考)
Tech giant Baidu ____91____ (announce) on Monday that it had obtained permits to operate fully autonomous taxis without any human ____92____ (assist) on board in two of China’s megacities (特大城市), marking ____93____ first for the country.
Baidu said it received the regulatory approvals for its autonomous ride-hailing service Apollo Go to operate on open roads during the daytime in Chongqing and Wuhan. The cities have populations of some 30 million and 11 million people, ____94____ (respective).
The move represents a notable step forward for Baidu and a potential shift in China’s comfort with the new technology. In other cities ____95____ the company’s robotaxis operate, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen ____96____ (include), Baidu is required to have a human safety operator present in the vehicle.
The permits will allow Baidu ____97____ (provide) fully driverless robotaxi services in certain areas in Wuhan and in Chongqing. Service will be limited at first, though, with just five robotaxis ____98____ (operate) then in each city.
In the United States, robotaxi offerings remain limited ____99____ numbers and ride-hailing giants like Uber and Lyft have abandoned in-house self-driving taxi efforts.
In June, General Motors-backed Cruise gained permits in California to charge a fare for driverless rides in San Francisco. In July, _____100_____, Reuters reported that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened an investigation into a crash of a Cruise self-driving vehicle that resulted in minor injuries.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇新聞報道??萍季揞^百度周一宣布,該公司已獲得在中國兩個特大城市運營無人駕駛出租車的許可,這是中國首次實現(xiàn)無人駕駛出租車。文章主要介紹了無人駕駛出租車的相關情況。
【詳情解析】
91.【announced】考查時態(tài)。句意:科技巨頭百度周一宣布,該公司已獲得在中國兩個特大城市運營無人駕駛出租車的許可,這是中國首次實現(xiàn)無人駕駛出租車。根據時間狀語on Monday可知為一般過去時。故填announced。
92.【assistants/assistance】考查名詞。句意:科技巨頭百度周一宣布,該公司已獲得在中國兩個特大城市運營無人駕駛出租車的許可,這是中國首次實現(xiàn)無人駕駛出租車。此處作賓語,表示“助手”可用assistant或assistance表示“幫助”,在否定句和疑問句中,any多與不可數或復數名詞連用。故填assistants/assistance。
93.【a】考查冠詞。句意:科技巨頭百度周一宣布,該公司已獲得在中國兩個特大城市運營無人駕駛出租車的許可,這是中國首次實現(xiàn)無人駕駛出租車。first可做名詞,此句句意強調的是一個拿到了許可證的公司,其實沒有強調第一,而且,作第一講,first只能做形容詞,the first整體做名詞句意也不對。故填a。
94.【respectively】考查副詞。句意:這兩個城市的人口分別為3000萬和1100萬。修飾動詞應用副詞respectively,作狀語。故填respectively。
95.【where】考查定語從句。句意:在該公司的機器人出租車運營的其他城市,包括北京、上海和深圳,百度被要求在車內配備一名人工安全操作人員。定語從句修飾先行詞cities,在從句中作地點狀語,故用where引導。故填where。
96.【included】考查非謂語動詞。句意:在該公司的機器人出租車運營的其他城市,包括北京、上海和深圳,百度被要求在車內配備一名人工安全操作人員。此處為獨立主格結構,include與Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen構成被動關系,故用過去分詞形式。故填included。
97.【to provide】考查非謂語動詞。句意:該許可證將允許百度在武漢和重慶的某些地區(qū)提供完全無人駕駛的機器人出租車服務。allow…to do sth.表示“允許……做某事”。故填to provide。
98.【operating】考查非謂語動詞。句意:不過,最初的服務將是有限的,屆時每個城市只運營5輛機器人出租車。此處為with的復合結構,且robotaxis與operate構成主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。故填operating。
99.【in】考查介詞。句意:在美國,機器人出租車的數量仍然有限,優(yōu)步和Lyft等叫車巨頭已經放棄了內部自動駕駛出租車的努力。表示在某方面用in,be limited in numbers數量少。故填in。
100.【however】考查副詞。句意:然而,今年7月,路透社報道稱,美國國家公路交通安全管理局對一輛克魯斯自動駕駛汽車的事故展開了調查,事故造成輕傷。后文講到被調查了,上下文出現(xiàn)了轉折且由逗號隔開,應用however。故填however。









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