高中英語人教版 (2019)必修第一冊(cè)Unit 4 Natural disasters優(yōu)秀精練-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

17 Reading and Thinking【核心詞匯】1.ruin n. & vt. 破壞；毀壞搭配：fall into ruin 衰落，衰敗financial ruin 破產(chǎn)2.shock （1）n. 震驚；令人震驚的事；休克搭配：in shock 震驚，吃驚He’s still in a state of shock. 他至今還驚魂未定。The news of his death came as a great shock to everyone. 他去世的消息讓所有人都非常震驚。She was taken to hospital suffering from shock. 她因休克被送到醫(yī)院。（2）vt.（使）震驚搭配：It shocks sb. to see/hear... 看到/ 聽到……使某人震驚。It shocked them to hear that he had gone abroad.聽說他出國(guó)的消息，他們驚訝不已。3.trap（1）vt. 使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套（trap—trapped—trapped）be/get trapped in 困在……中；陷入……中trap sb. into doing sth. 誘使某人做某事They were trapped in the lift. 他們被困在電梯里。By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth. 他們用巧妙的提問誘使他說出真相。（2）n. 險(xiǎn)境；陷阱lay/set a trap（for sb.）（給某人）設(shè)下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套people caught in the unemployment trap 陷入失業(yè)困境中的人們If you choose this way，you’re likely to fall into a trap. 如果你選擇這條路，你可能會(huì)落入圈套。4.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬搭配：bury one’s face/head in one’s hand’s 雙手掩面/雙手抱頭bury one’s feelings 隱藏感情，感情不外露a deeply buried memory 深埋的記憶5.breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸搭配：breathe in/out 吸氣/呼氣breathe into 注入breathe regularly 均勻呼吸breathe hard 呼吸困難breathe freely/easily 安下心來breathe a sigh of relief 舒了一口氣6.suffer（1）vt. 遭受；蒙受pain/hardship 經(jīng)歷痛苦/ 困難a defeat/a loss/damage/punishment 遭受失敗/ 損失/ 損害/ 懲罰She is suffering a lot of pain. 她遭受著巨大的痛苦。The car suffered heavy damage in the accident. 這輛汽車在事故中遭到了嚴(yán)重破壞。（2）vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦a bad back 背疼 a bad cold 患重感冒ill health 身體不好a headache/toothache 頭痛/ 牙痛How long have you been suffering from a headache? 你頭痛有多久了？【詞語積累】sufferer n. 患病者；受苦者；受難者 suffering n. 苦難；痛苦；讓人痛苦的事（常用復(fù)數(shù)）【核心句型】1．句型公式：as if ＝as though似乎；好像；仿佛，可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句(教材p.50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即將來臨！ [佳句]　Some people, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it were the end of the world.有些人一失去工作或失戀，就覺得好像到了世界末日似的。2．句型公式：leave sb＋賓語補(bǔ)足語 “使某人處于……”(教材p.50)Thousands of children were left without parents.數(shù)以千計(jì)的孩子失去了父母。leave復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的主要用法如下：leave＋賓語＋[佳句]　His illness has left him very weak.他的病使他很虛弱。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．The lift suddenly broke down and I ______ (trap) inside.2．The soldier died in the war and ______ (bury) in the cemetery.3．The earthquakes left the whole cities in ______ (ruin)．4．Hearing the news that the town was flooded, Tim was ______ shock.5．He took a deep ______ (breathe), and began to climb the stairs.6．Zhuge Liang is a man of great ______ (wise) in Chinese legend.7．The signs of an economic ______ (revive) are only just beginning.8．There was a girl in his class who suffered ______a serious back disease.9．We must make efforts ______ (take) exercise for the benefit of our health.10．Only one third of the students in our class ______ (be) girls.【答案】1.was trapped　2.was buried　3.ruins　4.in5．breath　6.wisdom　7.revival　8.from　9.to take　10.areⅡ.完成句子1．I was ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ last night.我昨晚太興奮了，睡不著覺。2．______ ______ ______ the students in our class are interested in physics.我們班三分之二的學(xué)生對(duì)物理感興趣。3．______ ______ ______, she receives a warm welcome.無論走到哪里，她都受到了熱烈歡迎。4．He behaved as if ______ ______ ______.他表現(xiàn)得好像什么事情都沒發(fā)生過一樣。5．This question ______ ______ ______ ______.這個(gè)問題容易回答。【答案】1.too excited to fall asleep　2.Two thirds of 3．Everywhere she goes　4.nothing had happened5．is easy to answer 微寫作地震之后，幾乎所有的建筑物都嚴(yán)重受損(in ruins)。世界好像(as if)到了末日(come to an end)。然而人們對(duì)未來的希望并沒有被毀(destroy)。無論朝哪里看，我們都能看到救援人員(rescue workers)工作的身影。他們救出了一些被困在(be trapped in)廢墟中的人，并掩埋(bury)死者。他們有時(shí)太忙而喝不上(too…to…)一口水。________________________________________________________________________One possible version：After the earthquake, nearly all the buildings were in ruins.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.However, people’s hope for the future wasn’t destroyed.Everywhere we looked, we could see rescue workers working.They saved some people who were trapped in the ruins, and buried the dead.Sometimes, they were too busy to drink water.They were very great. Ⅰ.七選五Earthquakes can strike without warning.But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.__1__ Drop to the ground.Get under an object(物體)that is not easily damaged.Hold on to it until the shaking stops.You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your hand.If you’re in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.__2__ Don’t take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you.__3__If you are trapped in ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing.Use your cell phone to call for help if possible.Don’t shout.__4__Tap(敲)on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.Be prepared for aftershocks.__5__ However, sometimes they even happen months later.Therefore, if you are not in a safe position(位置) after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.A．Don’t move about or kick up dust.B．If you’re outside, go to an open space.C．Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.D．Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.E．Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building.F．They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.G．Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在地震中防止死亡和受傷的一些安全知識(shí)。1．G　根據(jù)空前句“If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.”可知，G項(xiàng)和上句有對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞“people inside buildings try to go out”，而且G項(xiàng)(大多數(shù)的傷亡發(fā)生在大廈里的人們?cè)噲D出去的時(shí)候)也能承接上句。2．B　根據(jù)空后“Don’t take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings(不要在樹下、街燈下、電線桿下或高樓下躲避)．”可知，B項(xiàng)(如果你在外面，你就要到一個(gè)開闊的地方)符合本段的意思。3．D　因D項(xiàng)有與本段上文相同的句式結(jié)構(gòu)(即Don’t…)，且D項(xiàng)(不要把車停在樹下或任何一個(gè)高的物體之下)是補(bǔ)全主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，也能承接上文。4．C　根據(jù)空前句“Don’t shout.”可知，C項(xiàng)中相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞：shouting，且C項(xiàng)(大喊會(huì)使你吸入灰塵)正好承接上句。5．F　根據(jù)本段的主題句“Be prepared for aftershocks.”和空后的描述可知，F項(xiàng)(余震在地震后的最初幾個(gè)小時(shí)里就可能發(fā)生)正好說明主題的細(xì)節(jié)，而且和空后的句子構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Ⅱ.語法填空Earthquakes can be destructive.Unfortunately, we don’t have a 1.______(rely) way to predict.But technologies can still help us under such a desperate situation.China is building the world’s largest earthquake alert system and it’s 2.______ (possible) the most advanced.Engineers 3.______ (set) up over 15,000 sensors(傳感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web.4.______ an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control centre and then ordinary people’s smartphones.The signal travels at almost light speed and faster than the earthquake shaking, 5.______(give) local people a little time to prepare, and the system can usually send messages to people in less than two seconds.It’s life-saving.The system, 6.______ can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world, not only detecting the 7.______ (move) of the continents but also calculating the possible impact 8.______ an earthquake.It will automatically warn local people, making 9.______ (it) much faster than human observation.The system, overseen by China’s Ministry of Emergency Management, is set 10.______ (complete) in 2022.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中國(guó)正在建設(shè)世界上最大的地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。1．reliable　考查形容詞。句意：不幸的是，我們沒有一個(gè)可靠的方法來預(yù)測(cè)。本空修飾名詞way，故應(yīng)用形容詞reliable，意為“可靠的，可信賴的”。2．possibly　考查副詞。句意：它可能是最先進(jìn)的。本空修飾形容詞advanced，故應(yīng)用副詞possibly。3．are setting　考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：工程師們正在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)安裝超過15,000個(gè)傳感器，并將它們連接到一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。根據(jù)后面and并列的動(dòng)詞wiring及句意可知，本空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)are setting。4．When/If/Once/After　考查狀語從句連接詞。句意：當(dāng)/如果/一旦/地震發(fā)生時(shí)(地震發(fā)生后)，傳感器可以向控制中心發(fā)送電脈沖。根據(jù)句意可知，本空可填When/If/Once/After。5．giving　考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：該信號(hào)的傳送速度幾乎達(dá)到光速，比地震的震動(dòng)速度還要快，給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚稽c(diǎn)時(shí)間做準(zhǔn)備。本空在句中作狀語，且和主語“The signal”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。6．which　考查非限制性定語從句。本空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾“The system”，本空在從句中作主語，指物，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。7．movement/move　考查名詞。句意：不僅可以探測(cè)大陸的運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)空前冠詞the及空后介詞of可知，本空應(yīng)用名詞形式movement或move。8．of　考查介詞。the possible impact 8.________ an earthquake意為“地震可能的影響”，故本空應(yīng)填介詞of。9．itself　考查代詞。句意：它會(huì)自動(dòng)向當(dāng)?shù)厝税l(fā)出警告，比人類的觀察速度快得多。making的邏輯主語為句子的主語it即the system，和本空人稱一致，故本空應(yīng)用反身代詞itself作賓語，代替語境中的“預(yù)警系統(tǒng)本身”。10．to be completed　考查不定式。句意：該系統(tǒng)由中國(guó)應(yīng)急管理部監(jiān)管，預(yù)計(jì)將于2022年完工。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語“in 2022”可知，這里用不定式的一般式表示將來要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且句中主語“The system”與“complete”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故本空應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)to be completed。

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