?Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!
Section A

重點(diǎn)單詞
?朗讀下列單詞。
1. *litter /'l?t?(r)/ v. 亂扔 n. 垃圾；廢棄物
2. *bottom /'b?t?m/,/'bɑ:t?m/ n.底部；最下部
3. *fisherman /'f???(r)m?n/ n. 漁民；釣魚的人
4. *coal /k??l/ n. 煤；煤塊
5. ugly /'?gl?/ adj. 丑陋的；難看的
6. advantage / ?d'vɑ:nt?d?/ n. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)；有利條件
7. cost /k?st/,/k?:st/ v. (cost, cost) 花費(fèi)n. 花費(fèi)；價錢
8. *wooden /'w?dn/ adj. 木制的；木頭的
9. *plastic /'pl?st?k/ adj. 塑料的n. 塑料；塑膠
10. *takeaway /'te?k?we?/ n. 外賣食物
11. *bin /b?n/ n. 垃圾箱
12. *shark / ?ɑ:(r)k/ n. 鯊魚
13. *fin /f?n/ n.（.魚）鰭
14. *cruel /'kru:?l/ adj. 殘酷的；殘忍的
15. harmful /'hɑ:(r)mfl/ adj. 有害的
17. *chain /t?e?n/ n. 鏈子；鏈條
18. *ecosystem /'i:k???s?st?m/ n. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
19. *industry /'?nd?str?/ n. 工業(yè)；行業(yè)
20. law /l?:/ n. 法律；法規(guī)
21. scientific /?sa??n't?f?k/ adj. 科學(xué)上的；科學(xué)的
22. afford /?'f?:(r)d/ v. 承擔(dān)得起（后果）；買得起
23. *reusable /?ri:'ju:z?bl/ adj. 可重復(fù),再次使用的
24. transportation /?tr?nsp?:( r)'te??n/ n. 運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸

?朗讀下列變形的單詞
1. fisherman—fishermen (pl.)
2. advantage—disadvantage (反義詞)
3. wood—wooden (adj.)
4. harm—harmful (adj.)—harmless (adj.反義詞)
5. science—scientific (adj.)—scientist (n.人)
6. reuse—reusable (adj.)
7. transport—transportation (n.)
8. environment—environmental (adj.)
9. cruel—cruelty (n.)—cruelly (adv.)
10. industry—industrial (adj.)
11. law—lawyer (n.)—lawful (adj.)
12. afford—affordable (adj.)
13. top—bottom (反義詞)
14. beautiful—ugly (反義詞)
15. litter—rubbish /throw (同義詞)

重點(diǎn)短語
?朗讀下列短語
1. be full of充滿 =be filled with
2. throw… into… 把……扔到……里
3. be good for… 對……有益
4. cut off 割掉；砍掉
5. be harmful to… 對……有害 = be bad for
= do harm to
6. at the top of 在……頂部或頂端
7. the food chain 食物鏈
8. hear of 聽說
9. cut down 減少
10. air pollution 空氣污染
11. instead of 代替，而不是 =rather than
12. make a difference 起作用
13. lead to 導(dǎo)致
14. take part in 參加 =join in
15. the number of… ……的數(shù)量
16. such as就像，例如 = for example
17. so far迄今為止
18. in danger 處于危險中
19. turn off 關(guān)掉 =shut off
20. take action 采取行動
21. pay for付費(fèi)；付出代價
22. in fact事實上 = actually
23. afford to do sth. 承擔(dān)得起做某事
24. play a part in 參與
25. turn… into… 把…..變成 =change …into

重點(diǎn)句子
?朗讀下列句子。
1. 為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)該乘公共汽車或地鐵而不是開車。
To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
2. 如果我們不做一些事情來阻止鯊魚鰭的銷售，總有一天鯊魚會消失的。
Sharks may disappear one day if we don't do something to stop the sale of shark fins.
3. 你可以通過離開房間時關(guān)燈來節(jié)約電能。
You can save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.
4. 這個城鎮(zhèn)里的每個人都應(yīng)該參與清潔河流。
Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!
5. 是的，我以前能在天空中看見星星。
Yes, I used to be able to see stars in the sky.
6. 它有益于健康，而且不花費(fèi)任何東西。
It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
7. 因此，我們齊心協(xié)力就能帶來變化，創(chuàng)造更加美好的未來！
So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!
8. 是的，我們等不起了，要馬上采取行動。
Yes, we can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
9. 在過去的二十到三十年里，一些種類的鯊魚數(shù)量下降了90%。
The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.

重點(diǎn)知識
?記憶并掌握下列知識
知識點(diǎn)1 litter的用法
1. litter作動詞，意為“亂扔”。如：
Don't litter the ground with paper. 勿隨地亂扔紙屑。
2. litter作名詞，意為“廢棄物；被胡亂扔掉的東西；垃圾”。如：
If you see litter in the street, pick it up. 在街道上看到垃圾的話，請撿起來。
知識點(diǎn)2 cost的用法
1. cost作動詞，意為“值(多少錢)，花費(fèi)”。 表示花費(fèi)時間、精力、金錢等，含有會付出代價之意，通常是某物作主語。如：
The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars. 這輛車花去他 10,000 美元左右。
2. cost作名詞，意為“價格”。如：
Production costs can be very high. 生產(chǎn)成本可能會很高。
3. 辨析：cost, spend, take與pay
① cost 花費(fèi)(時間、精力、金錢等)。主語只能是物或事情。cost 可以帶雙賓語，但cost沒有被動語態(tài)。如：
How much /What does it cost? 這東西值多少錢?
② spend 花(時間、錢等)。主語只能是人，指某人“花費(fèi)(時間、錢等)”，常用于spend…on sth.或spend…(in) doing sth. 句型中。如：
She spends too much money on clothes. 她在衣著上花費(fèi)太大。
③ take指花費(fèi)時間和金錢時，常用于It take(s) sb.…time /money to do sth.句型中。如：
It took him three hours to mend his bicycle. 他修理自行車用了3個小時。
④ pay 付費(fèi)。主語只能是人，指某人為某東西付錢，常用于sb. pay money for sth.句型中。如：
I paid ten yuan for the fruit. 我買水果付了10元。


Section B

重點(diǎn)單詞
?朗讀下列單詞。
1. recycle /?ri:'sa?kl/ v. 回收利用；再利用
2. *napkin /'n?pk?n/ n. 餐巾；餐巾紙
3. upside /'?psa?d/ n. 上側(cè)；上部；上段
4. *gate /ge?t/ n. 大門
5. *bottle /'b?tl/,/'bɑ:tl/ n. 瓶；瓶子
6. president /'prez?d?nt/ n. 負(fù)責(zé)人；主席；總統(tǒng)
7. *inspiration /??nsp?'re??n/ n. 靈感；鼓舞人心的人
8. *iron /'a??n/ n. 鐵
9. work /w?:( r)k/ n. (音樂、藝術(shù))作品
10. *metal /'metl/ n. 金屬
11. creativity /?kri:e?'t?v?t?/ n. 創(chuàng)造力；獨(dú)創(chuàng)性

?朗讀下列變形的單詞
1. create—creative (adj.)—creativity (n.)
2. usual—unusual (反義詞)—usually (adv.)
3. human—humans (pl.)
4. protect—protection (n.)
5. inspire—inspiration (n.)
6. door—gate (同義詞)
7. chairman—president (同義詞)
8. recycle—recycling (n.)

重點(diǎn)短語
?朗讀下列短語
1. upside down 上下顛倒；倒轉(zhuǎn)
2. pull down拆下；摧毀
3. put sth. to good use 好好利用某物
4. bring back恢復(fù)；使想起；歸還
5. not … anymore 不再 =no more
6. build … out of … 用……修建……
7. be made of … 由……制成
8. win a prize 獲獎
9. set up建立，建起
10. be known for 因…..著名 = be famous for
11. environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)
12. not only… but also... 不僅…..而且 =both …and
13. the importance of.... ...…的重要性
14. bring happiness to...把幸福帶給…...
15. think about考慮 = think of

重點(diǎn)句子
?朗讀下列句子。
1. 你經(jīng)常扔掉你不再需要的東西嗎？
Do you often throw away things you don't need anymore?
2. 如果你有創(chuàng)造性的頭腦，沒有東西是廢棄物。
Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.
3. 埃米不是唯一擅長回收利用的人。
Amy isn't the only one who is good at recycling.
4. 藝術(shù)不僅能給他人帶來快樂，它也表明只要有一點(diǎn)創(chuàng)造力，即便是冷硬的鋼鐵，也能充滿生機(jī)。
Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
5. 你也許從未聽說過艾米·海斯，但是她的確是一位極不尋常的女士。
You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman.
6. 她住在英國，房子是她自己用廢棄物建造而成。
She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.
7. 你曾經(jīng)想過這些東西如何能被很好地利用嗎?
Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use？

重點(diǎn)知識
?記憶并掌握下列知識
知識點(diǎn)1 upside down的用法
1. upside down作副詞，意為“顛倒，倒轉(zhuǎn); 混亂”。如：
The children hung the picture upside down. 小孩把畫掛倒了。
2. upside down作形容詞，意為“顛倒的” [名詞前不常用]。如：
The painting looks like it's upside down to me. 在我看來這幅畫好像是上下顛倒了。
知識點(diǎn)2 work的用法：
1. work作名詞，意為“ (音樂、藝術(shù))作品；著作”，可數(shù)名詞。如：
Her latest book is a work of genius. 她最新的書是一部天才作品。
2. work作名詞，意為“工作”，不可數(shù)名詞。job也意為“工作”，是可數(shù)名詞。如：
They banded with him to do that work. 他們和他聯(lián)合起來做那項工作。
3. work作動詞，意為“工作”。搭配為work hard at /on… 在……方面努力學(xué)習(xí) /工作。如：
All the children should work hard at their lessons. 所有的孩子都應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)功課。
4. work作動詞，意為“ (機(jī)器或設(shè)備)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，運(yùn)行”。如：
Is the telephone working today?電話今天能用嗎？
知識點(diǎn)3 bottle的用法
1. bottle作名詞，意為“瓶子”。如：
There were two empty beer bottles on the table. 桌子上有兩個空啤酒瓶。
2. bottle作名詞，意為“勇氣；膽量”。如：
But will anyone have the bottle to go through with it? 但是誰會有膽量經(jīng)受這件事？
3. 固定搭配：hit the bottle意為“酗酒”。如：
After her mother died, her father started hitting the bottle. 母親死后，她的父親開始酗酒。


詞匯思維圖


生詞成文
Our environment is polluted. One kind of pollution is from transportation and industry that burn much coal. Another is from people. For example, fishermen kill sharks for fins. This is not only cruel but also harmful to the environment.
We know sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. Besides, no scientific studies show shark fins are good for health. What an upside down thing they do! People also throw litter everywhere. They even throw plastic, waste iron, metal or bottles into bins. So I think we can't afford to wait any longer. A president said we should take action in developing laws to protect our environment and we should take part in the environmental study from the bottom of our hearts.
We should turn off lights when we leave rooms. We'd better use reusable bags instead of paying for plastic bags. We should put old things to good use. We can recycle books and paper. We'd better bring waste back to life with our creativity. For example, we can reuse the wooden gates that were pulled down. We can turn ugly things into beautiful works. There are many advantages of doing these. We can get inspiration from them and it doesn’t cost anything.

話題作文
It is well-known that environmental problem is getting worse and worse. More and more people get to know it's important to protect our living environment. As students，it's our duty to do something for the earth.
There are many things we can do. To begin with, we should plant more trees. Then, we are supposed to save water. Besides, it's best to for us to walk to school because it is healthy for us. Finally, we had better turn off the lights when we leave the room.
In a word, I think one thing should keep in mind is that no matter what a small effort we make, it does make a difference. Let's take action now!

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